Journal of Social Political Sciences JSPS Vol. 1, No. 3, August, 2020 ISSN: 2715-7539 (Online) 207 THE ROLE OF POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT IN NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: INDONESIA Sulistyani Eka Lestari Fak hukum Universitas Sunan Bonang Jawa Timur , Indonesia, Email: sulis_usb@yahoo.com Abstract : Political development in Indonesia with Pancasila democracy has experienced many challenges and obstacles. Indonesian culture which is strongly influenced by ethnic and religious interests must continue to adapt to the Pancasila democracy which is a nationalism nationalism. This condition since independence until now has experienced many positive changes, starting from the issue of central and regional conflicts and building the strength of national unity. The founders of the Indonesian people put them together in the form of Unity in Diversity as the ideological power of the nation. With a very large population, a big national problem, it requires political development in Indonesia that is directed, fair and wise. Keywords: politics, building democracy, national values Submission : May, 09th 2020 Revision : June 08th 2020 Publication : August 30th 2020 INTRODUCTION The Indonesian political system is currently undergoing a process of democratization that brings various consequences not only to the dynamics of national political life, but also to the dynamics of other systems that support the implementation of state life. The development of a democratic political system is directed to be able to maintain the territorial integrity of the Republic of Indonesia and further strengthen the unity and integrity of Indonesia which will provide wider space for the realization of social justice and equitable prosperity for all Indonesian people. The success of democratic political development is not only influenced by the situation that is developing at home, but it can also be influenced by the current international political situation. In addition, the successful development of a democratic political system needs to be supported by professional state officials who are free from corrupt, collusion and nepotism (KKN) practices and can make optimal use of various forms of mass media and broadcasting and various information networks within and abroad. With regard to relations and foreign policy, the main problem faced is Indonesia's unpreparedness in anticipating various excesses of political and economic globalization; and the weak bargaining position of Indonesia in the international arena. In addition, Indonesia has not been able to optimally utilize information and communication Journal of Social Political Sciences JSPS Vol. 1, No. 3, August, 2020 ISSN: 2715-7539 (Online) 208 technology advancements to strengthen competitiveness in facing global challenges and in efforts to educate the nation's life and increase people's political awareness LITERATURE REVIEW Development may not be an exact word other than development which is used to show the large number of people in many cities in the world today (Kim 1973, p. 462). Development implies progress, growth and change. This concerns the transition of culture, countries, and society from a less advanced level to a more advanced social level. Similar to industralization, modernization and urbanization have been used to expand the term development. The term development is roughly a synonym for progress. In this context, development means social transformation in regulating the distribution of social potential to all people such as education, health services, public housing, community participation in political decision making, and other dimensions of human life opportunities. Siagian (1994) in Harjanto (2011) provides an understanding of development as "A business or series of efforts for growth and change that are planned and carried out consciously by a nation, state and government, towards modernity in the context of fostering the nation (nation building)". Whereas Ginanjar Kartasasmita (1994) in Harlen Deny Setiawan (2018) provides a simpler understanding, namely as "a process of change for the better through planned efforts". At the beginning of thinking about development, there is often a thought that identifies development with development, development with modernization and industrialization, even development with westernization. All of these ideas are based on aspects of change, where development, development, and modernization and industrialization, as a whole contain elements of change. However, these four things have quite different principles, because each has a different background, principles and nature as well as different principles of continuity, although all of them are forms that reflect change (Riyadi and Deddy Supriyadi Bratakusumah, 2005). Development (development) is a process of change that covers all social systems, such as politics, economy, infrastructure, defense, education and technology, institutions, and culture (Alexander 1994). Portes (1976) defines development as an economic, social and cultural transformation. Development is a process of change that is planned to improve various aspects of people's lives. According to Deddy T. Tikson (2005) in Rusdiyananta (2018) that national development can also be interpreted as a deliberate economic, social and cultural transformation through policies and strategies in the desired direction. Transformations in the economic structure, for example, can be seen through the increase or rapid growth of production in the industrial and service sectors, so that its contribution to national income is greater. Conversely, the contribution of the agricultural sector will be smaller and inversely proportional to the growth of industrialization and economic modernization. Social transformation can be seen through the distribution of prosperity through equitable access to socio-economic resources, such as education, health, housing, clean water, recreational facilities, and participation in the political decision- making process. While cultural transformation is often associated, among others, with the rise of the spirit of nationalism and nationalism, in addition to changes in values and Journal of Social Political Sciences JSPS Vol. 1, No. 3, August, 2020 ISSN: 2715-7539 (Online) 209 norms adopted by society, such as changes and spiritualism to materialism / secularism. The shift from high valuation to material mastery, from traditional institutions to modern and rational organizations. Thus, the development process occurs in all aspects of community life, economic, social, cultural, political, which takes place at the macro (national) and micro (community / group) levels. The important meaning of development is the progress / improvement (progress), growth and diversification. Political Development Political expert Lucien W. Pye (Aspects of Political Development, on Promoting Democracy to prevent disintegration, a discourse on Political Development by Nicolaus Budi Harjanto) provides the dimensions / elements of political development as follows: “ Political development as: increasing equality between individuals in relation to the political system, increasing the capacity of the political system in relation to the environment, and increasing the differentiation and specialization of institutions and structures in the political system. These three dimensions are always at the "bottom and heart of the development process". According to Pye, the equality dimension in political development is related to the problem of people's participation and involvement in political activities, both democratically and totalitarianly mobilized. In this element / dimension the universal implementation of law is demanded, whereby all people must obey the same law, and are required for skills and achievements and not status considerations based on a traditional social system. In the development process, this dimension is closely related to political culture, legitimacy and attachment to the system. While the capacity dimension is intended as the ability of a political system that can be seen from the output produced and the amount of influence that can be given to other systems such as social and economic systems. This dimension is closely related to the achievements of the government that has official authority, which reflects the scope and level of political and governmental achievement, effectiveness and efficiency in the implementation of general policies and rationality in administration and policy orientation. While the dimensions of differentiation and specialization (differentiation and specialization), indicate the existence of government institutions and their structures and their functions, which are contained in the political system. With differentiation means also increasing specialization or function specialization of several political roles in the system. In addition, differentiation also involves the problem of integration of complex processes and structures (specialization based on the feeling of integration as a whole). The Importance of Political Development The common thread of political development is sovereignty in the hands of the people. In developing countries political instability often arises. One of the instability of politics in a country is due to civil / military extremism which can hamper development. Journal of Social Political Sciences JSPS Vol. 1, No. 3, August, 2020 ISSN: 2715-7539 (Online) 210 Political Development Objectives As for some of the goals of political development, namely: 1. Increase national commitment to prioritize national interests 2. Develop a national development program that is free from political interests 3. Ensuring the absence of a constitutional institution that is too dominant, through a mechanism of "checks and balances" 4. Prevent the emergence of a political party 5. There is opposition that builds healthy politics 6. Increase creativity and innovation in politics to accelerate national development 7. Improving political education through parties, leading to the selection of political aspirations that are in accordance with the wishes of the people. Phases of Political Development Organsky explains the stages of political development, namely through four stages: The political stage of primitive unification Organsky explained the stages of political development, namely, the stages of primitive unification politics, industrialization politics, national welfare politics and Abundant Politics. Nations that grew first in European and North American countries generally experienced this stage of growth step by step. So it can be said that Organsky's Theory of stages of political development occurs in almost all countries. In western Europe and North America it is clear that the stage of development of the country began from the stage of primitive unification, Organsky said that developments in Western Europe began to occur in the 16th century, also in other parts of the world, the origin of the country was marked by the emergence of European colonies. Of course, with various different uniqueness of a country. The politics of industrialization At this stage, the state begins to build and try to strengthen the economy with industrialization, the pattern of development through industrialization is an ideal choice that must be taken, especially by developed countries such as countries in Western Europe. This development was marked by the process of industrialization in Britain. The 18th century was a point of progress in the industrialization process in England where various innovations were found, especially technological innovations that led to the discovery of industrial machinery for factories. The choice to industrialize is the best because the comparative advantage of western countries lies in industrial products and technology. The politics of industrialization is implicitly still occurring in Indonesia, where the process of industrialization and construction of supporting infrastructure continues to be carried out, especially the crisis that hit Indonesia in 1998 made Indonesia last longer in this phase. Journal of Social Political Sciences JSPS Vol. 1, No. 3, August, 2020 ISSN: 2715-7539 (Online) 211 Politics of national welfare Politics of national welfare is the politics of industrial nations completely, according to Organsky this stage is the stage where there has been interdependence between the people and the government which subsequently becomes complete. State power depends on the ability of ordinary people to work and struggle, and the people together with the industrial authorities, depend on the national government to protect them against poverty due to depression and destruction from war. Abundant Politics. The final stage according to Organsky is the Political Abundance Stage (politics of abundance) or Automation, Organsky said that no country in the world entered this stage but the United States and some of the most advanced European countries have entered the gates of the Abundant Political Stage. This stage is marked by the advancement of technology, computers and automatic life, so that industrial machines run automatically which has an impact on unemployment because workers are excluded by the ability of machines. Society at this stage has the characteristics of concentration of economic power, the use of very expensive machinery and efficiency of factory production, this feature has occurred in several developed countries, where large companies have grown to monopolize the economy which is a global economic power or known as the Company Multi-National which operates in many countries in the world. METHOD The research on Foreign Policy Indonesia in era pandemik Covid 19 was conducted in February to May 2020. The research method was done through a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis. Data collection methods, includes first, Documentary Studies. This technique was carried out to obtain secondary data by collecting data sourced from archives and relevant documents such as books, journal and magazine articles, encyclopedias, dictionaries, handbooks, periodical indexes, and reviews. Second, FGD (Focus Group Discussion). FGD is a process of gathering information about a particular problem that is very specific to the interview of a small group of people. The purpose of the FGD itself is to obtain input or information about specific and local issues. Resolution of this problem is determined by other parties after the information has been successfully collected and analyzed RESULT AND DISCUSSION The strategic role of politics in education can be seen from several educational channels. Namely as follows: 1. Formal Education In formal education can be seen from the subjects of citizenship education which began to be applied at the elementary school level. This is the basis for students to understand themselves as citizens of a democratic Indonesia. Journal of Social Political Sciences JSPS Vol. 1, No. 3, August, 2020 ISSN: 2715-7539 (Online) 212 2. Non-Formal Education In non-formal education students are directed in an organization for example counseling about political science to students. At the tertiary level, political science training will be done to support the level of awareness of the importance of politics in development in Indonesia. 3. Informal Education This can be applied in a family environment, for example when a father is watching news about politics. Indirectly, the father has applied political science to his child. DISCUSSION The Direction of Indonesian Political Policy According to the Guidelines of State Policy 1999-2004, the direction of political development policy is: Domestic Politics 1. Strengthening the existence and continuity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia based on unity in unity. 2. Perfecting the 1945 Constitution in line with the development of the nation's needs, dynamics and demands for reform, while maintaining the unity and integrity of the nation, and in accordance with the soul and spirit of the Preamble of the 1945 Constitution. 3. Increase the role of the People's Consultative Assembly, the House of Representatives, and other high state institutions by emphasizing the functions, powers and responsibilities that refer to the principle of separation of powers and clear relations between executive, legislative and judicial bodies 4. Develop a national political system that is sovereign of the people, democratic and open, develops a party life that respects the diversity of political aspirations, and develops a system and administration of democratic elections by perfecting various laws and regulations in the political field.Increase the independence of political parties, especially in fighting for the aspirations and interests of the people and develop an effective oversight function on the performance of state institutions and increase the effectiveness, function and participation of social organizations, professional groups, and non-governmental organizations in state life. 5. Increasing political education intensively and comprehensively to the public to develop a democratic political culture, respecting the diversity of aspirations, and upholding the supremacy of law and human rights based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. 6. Promote and apply the principles of equality and anti-discrimination in the life of society, nation and state. 7. Organize higher quality elections with the widest possible participation of the people on the basis of democratic, direct, general, free, secret, honest, fair and Journal of Social Political Sciences JSPS Vol. 1, No. 3, August, 2020 ISSN: 2715-7539 (Online) 213 civilized principles carried out by independent and non-partisan organizing bodies no later than 2004. 8. Building a nation and nation character (nation and character building) towards a nation that is developed, united, harmonious, peaceful, democratic, dynamic, tolerant, prosperous, just and prosperous. 9. Following up on the new paradigm of the Indonesian National Army by consistently asserting the repositioning and redefinition of the Indonesian National Army as an instrument of the state by correcting the political role of the Indonesian National Army in national life. Foreign Relations (Foreign Policy) 1. Affirming the direction of Indonesia's foreign policy which is free and active and oriented to national interests, emphasizes solidarity between developing countries, supports the struggle for independence of nations, rejects colonialism in all forms, and increases national independence and international cooperation for the welfare of the people. 2. In entering into international agreements and cooperation concerning the interests and livelihoods of many people, they must be approved by the people's representative institutions. 3. Improve the quality and performance of foreign apparatuses to be able to carry out pro-active diplomacy in all fields to build a positive image of Indonesia in the international world, provide protection and defense for citizens and interests of Indonesia, and take advantage of every positive opportunity for national interests. 4. Improve the quality of diplomacy to accelerate economic recovery and national development, through regional and international economic cooperation in the context of stability, cooperation, and regional development. 5. Increase Indonesia's readiness in all fields to deal with free trade, especially in welcoming the implementation of AFTA, APEC, and WTO. 6. Expanding extradition treaties with friendly countries and expediting diplomatic procedures in the effort to carry out extradition for the settlement of criminal cases. 7. Enhancing cooperation in all fields with neighboring countries that have direct borders and cooperation in the ASEAN region to maintain stability, development and prosperity. Indonesian Political Problems Since the new order under Soeharto was no longer at its peak, many political observers considered that Indonesia was now entering a new era in the national political system. Namely the occurrence of the implementation of a democratic system that replaces the previous system which is widely blamed as an authoritarian system, even though the previous system was also labeled democracy in this case Pancasila democracy. The system change is intended to re-search for new formats to realize the ideals in the nation and state. However, these changes certainly do not necessarily run smoothly, Journal of Social Political Sciences JSPS Vol. 1, No. 3, August, 2020 ISSN: 2715-7539 (Online) 214 various obstacles are still often found in their implementation, both social and cultural in nature and other obstacles. The choice of the new order government to prioritize economic development rather than political development turned out to have its own problems for the people of Indonesia. As a result of this choice, the people of Indonesia were forced to come under the political confinement applied, in order to create political stability in order to launch the economic development program that had been declared. Although political development cannot be separated from development in the economic field, but if we want to establish a democratic line between the two, of course it is not an easy matter, because both of them are important (urgent). In the midst of these conditions, the community is then immediately confronted with a new system that requires the community to be more pro-actively involved in it. These problems do not only occur to the general public, but also to the government bureaucracy which is the spearhead in implementing policies. Therefore, its application is not as easy as turning the palm of the hand, so in making it happen there needs to be steps that must be done in stages. Increasing public political awareness and instilling values should not be ignored, this is what is desired in the process of political development. The Role of Education in Politics Education and politics are two important elements in the socio-political system in each country, both of which are inseparable because they are working together in the process of forming the characteristics of the people in a country. Educational institutions and processes play an important role in shaping the political behavior of the people in the country. Vice versa, political institutions and processes in a country have a big impact on the characteristics of education in the country. According to Plato in his book Allan Bloom demonstrates that in helenic culture, school is one aspect of life that is related to political institutions. He explained that each culture maintains control over education in the hands of elite groups who continually control political, economic, religious and educational power. Plato also described the dynamic relationship between educational activities and political activities. Both of them seemed to be two sides of one coin, no and could not be separated. The relationship between politics and education takes various forms, according to the characteristics of the socio-political setting in which the relationship takes place. The form of the relationship varies from one community to another. In one society the relationship could be very strong and real, but it could also be the opposite. In more primitive societies, for example, based on tribal-based societies, for example, it is common for parents of a tribe to play two roles, as political leaders and as educators. They make important decisions and ensure that those decisions are implemented and implemented, they also teach young people about beliefs, values and traditions, and prepare them to play a political role. Whereas in more modern societies in general, education is a very important political commodity. Educational processes and institutions have many political aspects and faces, and have several important functions that have an impact on the political system, stability and daily practice. Public education is political because it is controlled by the government and influences the government's Journal of Social Political Sciences JSPS Vol. 1, No. 3, August, 2020 ISSN: 2715-7539 (Online) 215 credibility. Because of the large political nuances of educational policies, various political factors that have nothing to do with education also influence how control of education and how education policies are made. According to Oteng Sutisna in his book Education and Development (1977), education has a role, namely (1) political socialization tools; (2) as a means of political mobilization; and (3) As a tool for political integration. Education as a tool for political socialization The idea of political socialization refers to the process by which people acquire dispositions of behavior that are compatible with political groups, the political system, and the political process. Or in the words of Almond, "political socialization is a process of induction into political culture." All political socialization involves elements of affective-loyalty, love, respect, and pride in the country, nation and culture. The ability to adjust easily and the progress of society depends in part on the availability of effective communication networks between people, groups and institutions. One possible use of political communication by the government is to induce young people into political culture, namely by transferring and maintaining ideas, knowledge, and practices that influence and train young people for active participation in the political sector in the national system. In this case, formal education plays an important role as a tool for political socialization to citizens. Because at this time the education process is mostly carried out in schools, the school has become a strategic place as a socialization institution. This can be done on the provision of learning materials provided at schools, namely Civics Education, history lessons, and school activities such as flag ceremonies, singing national songs and activities that commemorate national events. In addition, education in universities such as majoring in law, Social Sciences and others. Education as a Political Recruitment Tool Education is an important tool in training and screening leaders of government and political officials. In education, which plays an important role as a distributor of education that interacts directly with many people is the teaching staff. Matters concerning politics and nationalism can be transferred from the government as the main politicians to the people at large is through educators who prepare children and young people for certain roles in the political system. They are a vital link between the government and the people. Education as a tool of political integration Schools are very important for the purposes of political integration, because about half of Indonesia's population under the age of 20 is mostly still in school which means that it will later advance the national unity with the community, because it guarantees that a diverse population is equipped with knowledge, attitudes , niai modern and same skills. This means that many people are indirectly brought into the reach of government doctrination. Journal of Social Political Sciences JSPS Vol. 1, No. 3, August, 2020 ISSN: 2715-7539 (Online) 216 In addition, an important process for political integration is acculturation, which points to changes by other cultural influences. In this context, it can be linked primarily to cultural exchanges and the contact that occurs between various ethnic, religious and social groups in the education system with the process of nationalization or "homogynization" of young people. Political considerations related to education and culture are national languages. The use of Indonesian after independence as the official language of the government and the language of instruction at all levels of education proved to be a very influential tool in the process of political integration. Today, Indonesian is an acculturation tool among various ethnic groups, and thus reduces social conflicts and problems of political communication. So the education system has become the most influential institution in uniting traditional local cultures into a growing modern Indonesian culture. In the century of formal education nationalism was also burdened with universal culture. At the same time education must foster and develop a genuine, actual or potential national culture, and advance national life. CONCLUSION An analysis of the role of education in political development might be summarized as follows. Procurement of education at all levels is a necessary condition for political stability. Only with well-educated human resources can the needs of the community be met by the government and its bureaucracy. And only residents who have been prepared and trained to carry out their responsibilities can participate in the nation building process with understanding and awareness. In the new order, economic development was more enhanced than political development. This causes the community is not aware of the importance of politics. When the Pancasila Democration system was held, the people of Indonesia needed adaptation. So in realizing it needs to be held steps that must be done in stages. Education has a role, namely (1) political socialization tools; (2) as a means of political mobilization; and (3) As a tool for political integration. The strategic role of politics in education can be seen from several educational channels. Namely as formal education, non-formal education, informal education REFERENCES Abe, Alexander. (1994). Perencanaan Daerah Partisi patif. Yogyakarta: Pusat Jogja Mandiri Al e ja nd ro, P o rte s. ( 1976) . “ On t he s oc i o l o gy Of N a ti o na l D e ve l op m e nt : Theories and Issues”. American Journal Of Sociology. Harjanto, I.(2011). Teori Pembangunan. Malang: Universitas Brawijaya Press. Harjanto, Nicolaus Teguh Budi. (1997). Advancing Democracy Preventing Disintegration; A Discourse on Political Development. Yogyakarta: PT Tiara Wacana Yogya. Journal of Social Political Sciences JSPS Vol. 1, No. 3, August, 2020 ISSN: 2715-7539 (Online) 217 http://file.upi.edu/Directory/A%20- %20FIP/JUR.%20PEND.%20LUAR%20SEKOLAH/MUSTOFA%20KAMIL/Unders tanding%20Pembangunan.pdf http://profsyamsiah.wordpress.com/2009/03/19/peng understanding-development / http://www.ireyogya.org/sutoro/p empowerment_dan_transformasi_politik.pdf Muhaimin, Yahya. Drs. (1981). Problems of Political Development. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press. Sudarson o, Juwono. (1981). Polit ical Devel opment an d P olitica l Chan ge. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. O r g a n s k i , A . F . K . ( 1 9 8 5 ) . T a h a p - T a h a p P e r k e m b a n g a n P o l i t i k . J a k a r t a : Akademika Pressindo Portes. (2015). Sociology of Development. California: University of California Pers. Riyadi, Deddy Supriadi Bratakusumah. (2005). Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah (Strategi Menggali Potensi Dalam Mewujudkan Otonomi Daerah). Jakarta: PT Gramadia Pustaka Utama Rusdiyananta. (2018). Asymmetric Policy of Borde r Area Development in Indonesia (JokoWidodo-Jusuf Kalla Government Period). International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 117 No. 15 2017, 945-954 S e t i a wa n , H a rl e n D e n y. ( 2 01 8 ) . E ffo rt o f P o ve rt y Al l e vi a t e t h ro u gh t h e Empowerment of Women Labor in the District of Rokan Hulu. American Journal of Economics 2018, 8(1): 23-30 Sutisna, Oteng. (1977). Pendidikan dan Pembangunan. Bandung: Ganaco http://file.upi.edu/Directory/A%20-%20FIP/JUR.%20PEND.%20LUAR%20SEKOLAH/MUSTOFA%20KAMIL/Understanding%20Pembangunan.pdf http://file.upi.edu/Directory/A%20-%20FIP/JUR.%20PEND.%20LUAR%20SEKOLAH/MUSTOFA%20KAMIL/Understanding%20Pembangunan.pdf http://file.upi.edu/Directory/A%20-%20FIP/JUR.%20PEND.%20LUAR%20SEKOLAH/MUSTOFA%20KAMIL/Understanding%20Pembangunan.pdf http://profsyamsiah.wordpress.com/2009/03/19/peng%20understanding-development%20/ http://www.ireyogya.org/sutoro/p%20empowerment_dan_transformasi_politik.pdf