Journal of Social Political Sciences JSPS Vol. 3, No. 1, Feb, 2022 ISSN: 2715-7539 (Online) 1 INDONESIA’S CONTRIBUTION OF DISPATCH THE NATIONAL POLICE AS A PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS IN THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC IN 2019 Tasya Faudina, Robi Nurhadi International Relations Department, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas National Email: tasyafaudina@gmail.com Abstract; This study expects to depict and dissect the job of Indonesia's investment in MINUSCA in the 2019 period. Where, Indonesia is in the main ten as a shipper of Peacekeeping soldiers and police. Thus, in this study there is a research question in the form of "Why is Indonesia involved in the effort to send the Indonesian National Police as a peacekeeping force in the Central African Republic for the 2019 period?". As the main organization, the United Nations carries out its task of ending the divisions that occur in the Central African Republic by establishing a special peacekeeping mission. As one of its member countries, Indonesia contributes fully and actively in carrying out world peace missions as one of the sending countries for peacekeeping troops. In this study uses a descriptive qualitative method which aims to describe the phenomena regarding the role of the United Nations and Indonesia's contribution to the mission in the Central African Republic. By using literature-based and internet-based methods with regard to linking the problems studied. The results of this study indicate the relationship with the role of Indonesia as a sending country for peacekeepers analyzed with the concept of Humanitarian Intervention, as well as Indonesia's interests in its participation. Keywords : United Nations, Indonesia, Central African Republic, MINUSCA, POLRI. Submission : Des, 17st 2021 Revision : Jan 19th 2022 Publication : Feb 28th 2022 mailto:%20tasyafaudina@gmail.com Journal of Social Political Sciences JSPS Vol. 3, No. 1, Feb, 2022 ISSN: 2715-7539 (Online) 62 INTRODUCTION The internal conflict in CAR, involving two religious camps became the background of the civil war. In this conflict also involved economic factors, which for a long time the Muslim religion has controlled the diamond and gold trade in CAR, while the Christian religion is only a miner. This also caused the fall of victims who came from both religious parties and indirectly led to ethnic cleansing with victims who fell. Clashes also occurred between anti-balaka and former Seleka who took place in the capital Bangui. The anti-balaka forces carried out sporadic attacks targeting not only the opposing side but also Muslim civilians. Seeing the attack from the opposing side, finally there was bloodshed in Bangui. Thousands of victims fell both from anti- balaka parties, former Seleka troops to Muslim civilians. The conflict lasted until early 2014, when Djotodia went into exile and a government vacuum occurred in RAT, the position of the CAR government at that time was controlled by Catherin Samba Panza who became the first woman to occupy the highest position in the CAR government. When the CAR was led by Panza, the strength of the rebel groups diminished. Not long serving as the leader of CAR, Panza was finally replaced by Faustin-Archange Touadera as the new leader who is expected to restore the situation of CAR in 2016. The internal conflict that occurred in the Central African Republic regarding ethnopolitics has made the conflict more complex. Since its independence, the Central African Republic has experienced instability in political as well as other aspects. The existence of violence against women, poverty, gender inequality must be faced by the people of the Central African Republic. This protracted conflict that has been going on for decades, initially over the issue of government opposition turned into a conflict over the religious basis. This conflict has become one of the focuses in world peace and has become the attention of the international community. The United Nations with the UN Security Council turned their attention and paid attention to the cases that occurred at RAT, with the evidence that there were many forums discussing the conflicts that occurred. Thus, as stated in the Charter of the United Nations, Chapter I, Article I which explains that: “To maintain international peace and security, and to that end: to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of the peace, and to bring about by peaceful means, and in conformity with the principles of justice and international law, adjustment or settlement of international disputes or situations which might lead to a breach of the peace” Journal of Social Political Sciences JSPS Vol. 3, No. 1, Feb, 2022 ISSN: 2715-7539 (Online) 63 Which explains to maintain peace and international security, collective and effective actions are taken as prevention and also to realize by peaceful means. This applies to all member states of the United Nations to comply as a form of supporting world peace and also the main goal as a resolution in consolidating and protecting human rights. Seeing the ongoing conflict in Central Africa, the UN Security Council established a Multidimensional Stabilization Mission for the Central African Republic named MINUSCA or in English called "UNITED NATIONS MULTIDIMENSIONAL INTEGRATED STABILIZATION MISSION IN THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC". Established on April 10, 2014. The newly created UN Mission aims to take over the responsibilities of the International Support Mission. In this regard, as stated in the Charter Of United Nations, Chapter VII: Action with Respect to Threats to Peace, Breaths of the Peace and Acts of Aggression, article 43: “All Members of the United Nations, in order to contribute to the maintenance of international peace and security, undertake to make available to the Security Council, on its call and in accordance with a special agreement or agreements, armed forces, assistance, and facilities , including rights of passage, necessary for the purpose of maintaining international peace and security.” It is the same with the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, that participates in carrying out world order based on independence, eternal peace, and social justice, and also plays an active role in realizing world peace. With this, Indonesia in order to achieve the vision of 4000 (four thousand) personnel on the United Nations peacekeeping mission and also in line with the formation of MINUSCA and the United Nations Security Council sent a Note Verbale Number DPKO/OROLSI/2018/74 dated 23 May 2018 concerning a request to the Government of the Republic of Indonesia to be able to send the Formed Police Unit on a peace mission. In this way, Indonesia sent POLRI for the first time to the Central African Republic called FPU 1 on 27 June 2019. It is known that Indonesia's contribution to the UN peacekeeping mission is not widely known by the people. Therefore, this research focuses on the role of the Indonesia's involvement by sending the National Police Forces to maintain security stability in the Central African Republic in the 2019 as a Peacekeeping and peacebuilding based on Indonesia’s 1945 Constitution. With these limitations this research is directed the author determines the research question in this study, namely "Why is Indonesia involved in the effort to send the Indonesian National Police as a peacekeeping force in the Central African Republic for the 2019 period?" LITERATURE REVIEW Journal of Social Political Sciences JSPS Vol. 3, No. 1, Feb, 2022 ISSN: 2715-7539 (Online) 64 Theory and Concepts This section describes the theories and concepts that will be used in this article which will later produce an analysis based on the research questions that have been set. In addition, this section also describes the research methods used in finding data sources to produce a study. Furthermore, would explain the concept of humanitarian intervention and the definition of national interest, both of which analyze the actions taken by Indonesia in the Peace Mission for the Central African Republic in 2019. Therefore, Humanitarian intervention is defined as intervention in a country without the consent of that country, with the aim that if there is a threat of disaster to humanity and is carried out in the interests of humanity, especially in large-scale crimes against human rights. Therefore, Humanitarian Intervention is only carried out with the approval of the UN Security Council. It is also used to designate missions that can report violations of international law and at the same time provide early warnings to heads of state about humanitarian crises, without disrupting a country's politics. It is also the same as in international law, that all national laws prohibit their citizens from resorting to harsh measures against governments or other enforcement agencies. The actions given are only aimed at restoring the situation. In Article 2 paragraph 4 of the United Nations Charter which explains that a state in a relationship may not use violence against a territorial integrity, then further in paragraph 7 which states that every state cannot intervene in the internal affairs of other countries, apart from the state, the United Nations is also prohibited. to intervene in this matter, leaving countries in conflict to mind their own business because the United Nations has a recommended mandate for the conflict to be resolved peacefully. Therefore, Humanitarian Intervention is only carried out with the approval of the UN Security Council. It is also used to designate a mission that can report violations of international law and also warn heads of state about a humanitarian crisis that is occurring, without disturbing a country's politics. harshly against the government or other enforcement agencies.The actions given are only aimed at restoring the situation. As explained earlier, that in this section will also describe the meaning of national interest. Which is, National Interest is a popular concept used in the study of International Relations to analyze an eventIn the concept of the National Interest, it has a fundamental goal and the final determining factor that directs a country to make and decide on its foreign policy decisions. National interest is also a form of establishing good relations between countries, as well as protecting diplomatic assets of a country. In other words, the national interest is the interest of the state. Which when running there is only one that is the main priority.The concept of Journal of Social Political Sciences JSPS Vol. 3, No. 1, Feb, 2022 ISSN: 2715-7539 (Online) 65 national interest according to Hans J. Morgenthau is a state's minimum ability to protect and maintain the physical, political and cultural identity of other countries. According to Morgenthau, the national interest of every state is the pursuit of power that can establish and maintain control of one state over another. METHODS In this research, the autor conducting a research requires a design contains the formulation of an object to be studied, the author uses qualitative research methods. Qualitative research is an approach to explore and understand the meaning by a number of individuals or groups of people ascribed to social and humanitarian problems.The researcher uses this method because the researcher wants to gain deeper knowledge about the research being studied regarding the participation of the Indonesian National Police in carrying out the United Nations World Peace Mission in the Central African conflict. Referring to the research that will be appointed, the researcher conducts data analysis based on data and information issued by official websites such as the International Relations Division of the National Police, Peecekeeping UN, and books that provide related problems, hereby can be applied with theories- theory in the study of International Relations Studies. In International Relations the type of research used is descriptive. In the descriptive type, it is a type of research which describes as well as explains the phenomena, symptoms or events that occur RESULT AND DISCUSSION Peacekeeping Operations is a form of intervention by another country or other party against a country experiencing conflict. This activity is carried out under the supervision of the UN Security Council through military operations carried out by sending peacekeepers. The military operations carried out also have certain limitations, in which those who intervene are only to reconcile the situation from the conflict caused by the warring parties, and reduce armed contact activities except as personal protective equipment. Since 1989, Indonesia has sent the National Police of the Republic of Indonesia to take part as a United Nations peacekeeping force, both in missions to maintain peace in conflicted and post-conflict countries. Indonesia's involvement in the UN MPP has been stated in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, this mandate is then explained in the Indonesian Government's Foreign Policy which is free and active in Article 3 of Law no. 37 of 1999 on Foreign Relations, and based on the results of the UN Security Council Resolution no 2499 (2019) regarding Peace Missions in the Central African Republic. Journal of Social Political Sciences JSPS Vol. 3, No. 1, Feb, 2022 ISSN: 2715-7539 (Online) 66 In the UN Mission carried out by Indonesia in 2019, Indonesia played an active role in sending Polri personnel to MINUSCA 2019. The decision to assign Polri personnel to the UN peacekeeping mission, apart from having another goal, namely to strengthen multilateral cooperation for resolving conflicts with other countries, and demonstrate the commitment of the Indonesian state in maintaining world peace. This is based on the mandates submitted by the UN Security Council to its member states. The decision was made by the UN Secretariat General in 2019, namely António Guterres. By joining Indonesia in the United Nations, Indonesia must follow the procedures made by the Security Council. The dispatch of the Indonesian National Police to MINUSCA is described in Article 41 paragraph 3 of Law No. 2 of 2002 concerning the Indonesian National Police which states that "The Indonesian National Police actively assists in the task of maintaining World Peace under the United Nations". That way, every year Indonesia sends the National Police of their choice in the form of units containing 140 personnel. This police unit is called the Formed Police Unit (FPU) Multidimensional integrated Stabilization Mission. The Role of Police as Indonesian Peace Forces in the Central African Republic Deployment of the Police Forces as personnel for the UN peacekeeping mission has been carried out since the time they joined ABRI or now known as the TNI. For the first time Polri was involved in a UN peacekeeping mission in 1989 in Namibia. This activity continued to get the government's attention, until finally issuing the vision of the President of the Republic of Indonesia who wished to achieve 4000 Indonesian Peacekeepers so as to be able to make Indonesia place in the top 10 positions in sending Military Forces. The National Police has sent its personnel when Indonesia was declared a member state of the United Nations and participated in contributing to peace operations at the United Nations. Before the members of the Indonesian National Police are dispatched, personnel are given 2 stages of selection, the first is the selection stage from the internal Polri itself, and the second is from the United Nations or commonly called the United Nations Selection Assistant Team. This selection is held within the Police itself. Members of the National Police, both Police and Women who are members of MINUSCA, must be trained for this program for eight years before leaving for a mission country. And for the members of the National Police who are elected, they must prepare the language, the languages used in the mission at CAR are English and French, because the mission area this time is "Francophone" Which states "Assignment of Polri Members outside the Polri Organizational Structure is the transfer of duties and positions of Polri Members to places of duty Journal of Social Political Sciences JSPS Vol. 3, No. 1, Feb, 2022 ISSN: 2715-7539 (Online) 67 and positions outside the Polri organizational structure domiciled at home or abroad." -Nation through the Permanent Representative of the Republic of Indonesia to the United Nations in New York to the Indonesian government and send it to the National Police Chief. This assignment is also described in Article 41 paragraph 3 of Law Number 2 of 2002 concerning the National Police of the Republic of Indonesia which states that "The State Police of the Republic of Indonesia actively assists in the task of maintaining world peace under the banner of the United Nations". In every mission including MINUSCA, the National Police plays an active role in carrying out its mission, Humanity and Peace. Thus, the National Police themselves are grouped into 3 sections, Police Advisor, Individual Police Offer, and Formed Police Unit. From these 3 categories, each personnel has their own duties, for example, the Formed Police Unit (FPU) which is to protect United Nations personnel and facilities, manage public order, and support police operations in the mission area as well. The FPU in the Central African Republic mission itself contains 280 personnel who have been trained and are also equipped with the equipment that has been provided, and the FPU has also been trained and can operate in a "risky" environment. In the Peace Mission of the Central African Republic, Indonesia sent the National Police for the first time on 27 June 2019. Every year, the period alternates by sending selected troops in the form of a contingent. In accordance with the mandate given by the United Nations, the National Police carry out its duties such as; 1. Provide protection for civilians 2. Support the operations of national or domestic security forces 3. Increasing the capacity of the domestic police Then, every day Polri / UNPOL conduct patrols and also carry out other tasks, such as support for criminal investigations and providing support for a law enforcement service at RAT. As a police officer under the auspices of the United Nations, the National Police provides regulations in order to improve the performance of the local security apparatus. In addition, it can recruit a new generation of police officers as police representatives for the Central African community, and also ensures the continued development of trusting relationships between law enforcement officials and the communities they serve.[2] In its agenda, UNPOL including Polri supports 500 police officers in the Central African Republic including 23% women. Not only that, UNPOL also provides training, especially training that provides knowledge related to criminals and increases capacity in forensics. Journal of Social Political Sciences JSPS Vol. 3, No. 1, Feb, 2022 ISSN: 2715-7539 (Online) 68 (Source: https://minusca.unmissions.org/en/%C2%AB-jaga-malam-%C2%BB- night-patrol-indonesian-formed-police-unit ) DISCUSSION With all the explanations that have been described above, the author sees that maintaining global harmony and security is an obligation, all countries have equal responsibilities, and are responsible for assisting other countries in realizing this. A military intervention will only be carried out to stop violence that has resulted in many victims and is carried out with the approval of the Security Council. The Central African Republic Peace Mission was conducted to provide early notification of the emergency of human rights violations that occurred and subsequently to negotiate with state officials in the area where the emergency occurred. In the case in the Central African Republic, what happened was an ethnic conflict between the Ex-Seleka Group and the Anti Balaka Group. Then the UN played an important role which sent neutral international troops, including Indonesia in it. Under UN Security Council resolution 2454 (2019) and arrangements from UN Secretary-General Ban-Ki Moon, which underlined 3 points in realizing humanitarian intervention as one of them is "the obligation of every individual of the United Nations to react together, immediately also definitive When a state fails to provide such guarantees Under the authority of the United Nations, by using peaceful means to assist other states through their obligations to secure If the peace strategy fails it is appropriate to involve strong measures as directed in Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter". The Indonesian National Police (Polri) troops sent by Indonesia are tasked with supervising and assisting in implementing the mandates in MINUSCA for 1 period within 12 months, and will be replaced annually. The National Police as a peacekeeping force in Bangui can at least help to bring order to the situation and https://minusca.unmissions.org/en/%C2%AB-jaga-malam-%C2%BB-night-patrol-indonesian-formed-police-unit https://minusca.unmissions.org/en/%C2%AB-jaga-malam-%C2%BB-night-patrol-indonesian-formed-police-unit Journal of Social Political Sciences JSPS Vol. 3, No. 1, Feb, 2022 ISSN: 2715-7539 (Online) 69 reduce friction that could allow conflict to re-occur. Because Indonesia's goal in the peacekeeping mission as a dispatcher of Polri troops is to minimize the violence that occurs and try to maintain peace and national security in CAR. From all the Indonesian actions by sending police forces to conflict areas, so that Indonesia can easily fulfill their national interests, where this point of view is not only in military or security but also as a satisfaction of the Indonesian economy. As stated in the 1945 Constitution explaining that the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia will be committed to and participate in the maintenance of world peace based on freedom, eternal peace and social justice which is the mandate of Paragraph IV of the 1945 Constitution. This commitment is also a commitment of Indonesia to be active in the UN MPP. This contribution is a significant and substantial sign of the task of a country in increasing world peace and security seen in the international world. While in the national view, this association is a way to develop extraordinary skills in everyone and the association is directly involved with the organization of global activities. Establishment of UN Peacekeeping makes it a priority for UN member states and one of Indonesia's priorities as a non-permanent member state in the UN Security Council, with this Indonesia seeks to contribute to strengthening both ecosystems and geopolitics in international peace and security. With the entry of Indonesia as a non-permanent member of the UNSC, Indonesia pays great attention to issues of peace and also safety and security for personnel by increasing the role of women. Indonesia is also committed to continuing to increase the delivery peacekeepers , in order to support UN targets. In addition, Indonesia also improves the safety of its personnel by improving the quality of equipment and equipment that will be used by personnel. Indonesia's international strategy is regularly linked to the "free and active" rule enshrined in the constitution of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. Freedom means that Indonesia does not take sides with certain parties and is dynamic as a country with a great interest in world security efforts. By doing this, Indonesia got a the existences during the administration of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in 2004, then, at that time, with Indonesia's efficiency in this peacekeeping mission, Indonesia found a way to involve itself in the Non-Permanent state in the UN Security Council and won the title again in 2019-2020. Indonesia's participation in the UN peacekeeping mission, especially for MINUSCA, is very helpful for Indonesia because it can advance Indonesian-made military equipment. Furthermore, with Indonesia being dynamic in this mission, Indonesia can improve the quality of each Indonesian peacekeeping force. With Indonesia sending the National Police as a peacekeeping force, it is part of Indonesia's national Journal of Social Political Sciences JSPS Vol. 3, No. 1, Feb, 2022 ISSN: 2715-7539 (Online) 70 interest to build the capacity and quality of each member and can build networks with police from various countries, so that Indonesia can build good relations in various fields. CONCLUSION The conflict that has occurred in the Central African Republic has occurred since 1960 which has always been carried out by armed groups in order to overthrow the government led by opposition groups. This happens continuously until there are human rights violations to violence and various other crimes. Thus, this country needs attention and intervention from the international community.With the existence of inter-ethnic conflicts and human rights violations in the Central African Republic, a special mission named MINUSCA was formed. This mission is a mission that focuses on efforts to stabilize the situation and control conflicts to help restore authority in the Central African Republic, with the assistance of the United Nations and other member states. By using the theory of humanitarian intervention in this research, it proves that it is not only the military that can mobilize its power in conflict areas. Under UN Security Council resolution 2454 (2019), Indonesia can send police forces with the task of maintaining and stabilizing the situation in the African Republic. in order to prevent unwanted things from happening and carry out the orders of the UN Security Council in which external forces were deployed to stop the existing friction. Therefore, With Indonesia sending police forces to the Central African Republic, Indonesia can achieve the vision and mission of the Indonesian state and get its existence and be well regarded by the international community Indonesia is involved in being one of the countries that sends peacekeepers this is because Indonesia wants to realize its national interests both in terms of politics and the economy. Indonesia's contribution and active role as one of the sending countries for peacekeeping troops for MINUSCA is unforgettable. With this, Indonesia can get its existence from the world's view that Indonesia will also become a country that is seen as good and democratic. REFERENCES Ananda P.B.S, Rizky (2021). PENANGANAN KONFLIK DI REPUBLIK AFRIKA TENGAH OLEH PBB PADA TAHUN 2013 .Universitas Riau. Accessed May 13, 2021. https://jom.unri.ac.id/index.php/JOMFSIP/article/view/4964/4846 Aliya Amani, Nadhifa, (2022) Infiltrasi Kepentingan nasional Indonesia dalam Partisipasi Aktif Pasukan Penjaga Perdamaian PBB. 2019. Accessed 23 https://jom.unri.ac.id/index.php/JOMFSIP/article/view/4964/4846 Journal of Social Political Sciences JSPS Vol. 3, No. 1, Feb, 2022 ISSN: 2715-7539 (Online) 71 January, 2022. https://www.hubunganinternasional.id/main/blog/34?title=Infiltrasi+Ke pentingan+Nasional+Indonesia+dalam+Partisipasi+Aktif+Pasukan+Penjag a+Perdamaian+PBB Ikome, FN. (2021) Africa’s International Borders as Potential Sources of Conflict and Future Threats to Peace and Security. Institute for Security Studies. 2012. Accessed 8 November, 2021. https://issafrica.org/research/papers/africas-international-borders-as- potential-sources-of-conflict-and-future-threats-to-peace-and-security MINUSCA, Police, accessed 18 January, 2022. https://minusca.unmissions.org/en/print/UNpolice Kementrian Luar Negeri, Indonesia and The United Nations PeacekeepingMission, Accessed 18 January, 2022. https://kemlu.go.id/portal/en/read/91/halaman_list_lainnya/indonesia- and-the-united-nations-peacekeeping-mission United Nations. (2021)Mission MINUSCA. PeacekeepingUnited Nations. Accessed May 13, 2021. https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/mission/minusca https://www.hubunganinternasional.id/main/blog/34?title=Infiltrasi+Kepentingan+Nasional+Indonesia+dalam+Partisipasi+Aktif+Pasukan+Penjaga+Perdamaian+PBB https://www.hubunganinternasional.id/main/blog/34?title=Infiltrasi+Kepentingan+Nasional+Indonesia+dalam+Partisipasi+Aktif+Pasukan+Penjaga+Perdamaian+PBB https://www.hubunganinternasional.id/main/blog/34?title=Infiltrasi+Kepentingan+Nasional+Indonesia+dalam+Partisipasi+Aktif+Pasukan+Penjaga+Perdamaian+PBB https://issafrica.org/research/papers/africas-international-borders-as-potential-sources-of-conflict-and-future-threats-to-peace-and-security https://issafrica.org/research/papers/africas-international-borders-as-potential-sources-of-conflict-and-future-threats-to-peace-and-security https://minusca.unmissions.org/en/print/UNpolice https://kemlu.go.id/portal/en/read/91/halaman_list_lainnya/indonesia-and-the-united-nations-peacekeeping-mission https://kemlu.go.id/portal/en/read/91/halaman_list_lainnya/indonesia-and-the-united-nations-peacekeeping-mission https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/mission/minusca