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DARNIOJI ARCHITEKTŪRA IR STATYBA
2013. No. 3(4) 

JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE AND CIVIL ENGINEERING
ISSN 2029–9990

Landscape Protection and Management Guidelines for Roads: 
Problems and Amendments for Lithuanian Legal Acts

Irina Matijošaitienė1*, Ona Samuchovienė2

1*Kaunas University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Department of Architecture and Land 
Management, Studentu st. 48, LT-51367 Kaunas, Lithuania
2UAB “Infraplanas”, K. Donelaicio st. 55-2, LT-44245 Kaunas, Lithuania

*Corresponding author: irivarl@yahoo.com

  http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.3.4.4779

In 2011 the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Lithuania ordered to prepare the “Landscape protection and 
management guidelines for roads and railways”. Integration of the trends of the politics of Lithuanian Republic and the 
requirements of legislation, which is related to landscape protection and management, into the road development system 
is only a part of all the tasks of these guidelines. This part, including the analysis of Lithuanian legal acts, identification 
of their problems and proposal of amendments, is presented in this paper. As a result, the amendments were proposed for 
Lithuanian legal acts regarding the road landscape evaluation methodology, visual impact of roads on the environment, road 
signs, advertising regulation and planting near the roads.

Keywords: legal act, legislation, road, road landscape.

1. Introduction

In the Lithuanian landscape according to the 
importance roads are in the second place after the rivers and 
streams: it is estimated that there are approximately 22.2 
thousand kilometers of rivers and streams which total about 
76.8 thousand kilometers in length (Aplinkos … 2012); 
the total length of roads and streets equals to 82 thousand 
kilometers, where 21.3 thousand kilometers are the roads of 
state importance and more than 60 thousand kilometers are 
the roads and streets of local importance (municipalities) 
(Lietuvos … 2012b). Due to this reason, the sustainable road 
designing and maintenance are significant for the promotion 
of our country image, natural and cultural heritage, 
preservation of bio-diversity, protection of landscape 
identity and value.

The project “Landscape guidelines for Lithuanian 
roads and railway” is being implemented in 2011-2013 by 
the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Lithuania. 
The guidelines “Landscape protection and management 
guidelines for roads and railways” in the frame of the 
project are prepared by specialists of JSC “Infraplanas” 
and other scientific institutions, as well as the authors of the 
paper. The guidelines are developed in order to increase the 
understanding of society, private institutions and authorities 
about meaning, values, role and changes of state roads. 
The project is going to the end, and there are the main 
landscape designing principles which should be followed 
when planning, designing, building, reconstructing or 

mending Lithuanian state roads formulated. Guidelines 
are going to be published at the end of 2013 year and 
intended for representatives of authorities (municipality, 
environmental protection and cultural heritage specialists, 
designers, engineers, builders and managers) in order to 
find easier decisions when adjusting requirements of traffic 
safety and designing with landscape value protection and 
improvement, that the road would be both comfortable to 
use and picturesque to see.

When preparing the guidelines and trying to integrate 
requirements of Lithuanian landscape policy and other 
landscape protection and management legislations to road 
development system the analysis of Lithuanian legal acts 
has been performed, main problems have been formulated, 
conflict decisions and amendments of legal acts have been 
introduced. The offers for legal acts and the arranged 
guidelines have to ensure development of identity of 
Lithuania and its ethnographic regions, single landscape 
units, protection and multiplying of ecological and aesthetics 
values, expedient designing of road landscape and general 
improvement of Lithuanian image when constructing, 
rebuilding and maintaining the roads.

2. Analysis and proposals

In accordance with the European Convention on 
Landscape (Europos … 2000), every country seeking to 
implement the landscape policy, undertakes to adopt the legal 



20

acts designed for protection, management and/or planning 
of landscape. Presently, the main legal acts for landscape 
protection are the documents of territorial planning, 
assessment of the effect on the environment and other 
environmental legal acts, cultural heritage and international 
legal acts. This structure is supplemented by the road design 
and planning legal acts with reference to landscape, relief, 
vegetation, etc. The guidelines “Landscape protection and 
management guidelines for roads and railways” is the first 
strategic document for protection of the landscape of roads 
and railways in Lithuania. 

According to the legal acts of the Republic of Lithuania 
in effect today, the building of motorways and highways, 
also, of roads with four or more lanes or reconstruction 
of roads with fewer than four lanes, by building four or 
more lanes (when building or reconstructing a continuous 
section of 10 km or longer) is included into the list of types 
of the planned economic activity, the impact of which on 
the environment is to be assessed. The selection procedure 
for the environmental impact assessment (EIA) must be 
carried out in building regional roads longer than 2 km and 
those having four or more lanes, also, in reconstructing the 
roads by building four or more lanes (when building or 
reconstructing the road shorter than 10 km, but longer than 
2 km long continuous route).

This paper represents the review of legal acts 
grouped according to themes, and the suggestions for their 
amendments. The suggestions are only preliminary requiring 
thorough analysis and motivated substantiation. Their final 
formulation will be presented only after preparing the 
landscape guidelines. 

2.1. Legal acts related to territorial planning
In these legal acts the aims to create preconditions 

for maintaining or reconstructing landscape ecological 
equilibrium are specified (Lietuvos … 2004b). In addition, 
they contain the cases when the private land can be taken 
for public purposes followed by compensation for the 
property. The acts provide for the motivated substantiation 
of the taking of land (Lietuvos … 2011a) and for the ways 
of compensation (Lietuvos … 2005b). The general plans do 
not deal with the issues of aesthetic visual quality of the 
roads and their landscape. The master plan of the territory 
of the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos … 2002) promotes 
the expansion and improvement of the transit roads for 
tourist mobility which, for the most part, coincide with the 
main motorways, and specialized tourist routes. In addition, 
the planned urban integration axes are also provided. The 
recreation sector identifies the development of educational 
tourism and recreation in nature as one of the priorities. 
But tourist attraction and recreation objects are connected 
by the roads of different categories which are supposed 
to be representative of the country, promoting tourism 
and convenient for the users; the roadscape should be 
attractive and not boring. The main priority in the structure 
of transportation and communication infrastructure is given 
to the development of automobile transport. The master 
plans of Vilnius City (Vilniaus … 2007), Kaunas County  
(Kauno … 2009) and Klaipėda Region Municipality 

(Klaipėdos … 2005) provide for the new communication 
routes and building of the deficient junctions for motorways. 

The problem: Nonexistence of landscape management 
strategy for the sideways and in the neighborhood of railway 
lines. A too complicated procedure of taking land for public 
purposes (e.g. for landscape management near the roads and 
railways) is applied. 

The proposed amendments: Regarding the legal acts 
related to territorial planning, integration of landscape 
through master plans and taking of land for public purposes 
is proposed. The order of the Minister of the Environment 
of the Republic of Lithuania „On the approval of the rules 
for preparation of the master plan of the county‘s territory, 
for the master plan of the Municipality territory and for the 
master plans of the cities and towns“ (Lietuvos ... 2004a) is 
proposed to be supplemented by the following proposals: 
to develop vegetation along the roads, to establish the 
newly designed vegetation zones on the roadsides, to 
mark not only planned, reserved and taken territories 
for the communication systems, but also for the related 
environment, on the drawings of the communication and 
engineering infrastructures. This proposal can also serve as 
the tool for placing responsibility for vegetation, so that the 
proposal is applied not only for the road manager, whose 
powers are limited by the traffic safety requirements and 
the lack of free land nearby the roads. These requirements 
can be also applied for the owners of logistics, commercial 
and other territories, whose plots border on the roadband, 
and whose development change the highway environment 
dramatically.

Even though according to the Lithuanian Law on 
Roads (Lietuvos ... 1995), vegetation is attributed to the 
„concept of the road“, it is a complicated task to take the 
land from the owners for the purpose of vegetation, because 
to this effect, the substantiation of taking of land must be 
provided (following the decision of the Government of 
Lithuania „On the submission of the request to take the 
land for public purposes and the rules of investigation of 
the request and the preparation of projects for taking the 
land for public purposes and the approval of the rules for 
its implementation“ (Lietuvos ... 2005b)). Therefore, there 
exixts the possibility to propose the amendment of the Law 
on Land (Lietuvos ... 2004c), so that it can be applied to the 
design of landscape along the roads. 

The order of the LR Communication Minister and 
LR Environment Minister „On the approval of the rules of 
preparation of special plans for means of communication“ 
(Lietuvos ... 2006a) is proposed to be supplemented by the 
requirement that in conducting the evaluation of the impact 
on the environment, special attention should be given to the 
impact of communication infrastructure on the environment, 
also, in the stage of the analysis of the current condition, 
visual resources of the roaside landscape should be evaluated 
and the possible utilization of these resources should be 
proposed; the proposals for roadscape management should 
be submitted at the implementation stage.

In preparing the detailed plans at the stage of the 
analysis of the present condition, visual quality of the 
lanscape should be evaluated.



21

2.2. Legal acts related to the issues of environmental impact 
assessment

These legal acts clearly define the concept of 
landscape and its management for the purpose of economic 
activity, including building of the planned new roads, 
(Lietuvos ... 2005a), the scope of evaluation of the impact 
on the landscape, the impact reduction strategy in selecting 
the measures (Lietuvos ... 2006b), also, they provide for 
the ecological equilibrium of the landscape, landscape 
geoecological equilibrium, protection of landscape 
diversity, its uniqueness and specific features; the legal 
acts also provide for the adaptation of the complexes 
of cultural landscape and its objects for exposure to the 
visitors (Lietuvos ... 2001a). They regulate public relations 
in the area of environment protection, set the main rights 
and responsibilities of legal and physical entities towards 
the preservation of biological diversity, ecosystems and 
landscape typical to the Lithuanian Republic, thus, ensuring 
healthy and clean environment, sustainable utilization of 
natural resoures within the territorial waters, continental 
shelf and economic zones (Lietuvos ... 2011b).

The problem: Nonexistence of the roadscape 
assessment methodology; inadequate certainty of the 
qualification of the organizers of the EIA.

The proposed amendments: Presently, in accordance 
with the Law on the assessment of the planned economic 
activity on the environment (Lietuvos … 2005a) the 
organizer of the EIA can be any specialist with a scientific 
degree, thus, all parts of the assessment of the effect on 
the environment can be prepared by a single specialist. 
Accordingly, the quality of the assessment of different 
parts is inadequate and the proposed protection measures 
often lack competence. Consequently, the proposal is to 
set detailed rules related to education and qualification 
requirements for the person, including the environment 
evaluator, in preparing each part of the EIA.

The order of the LR Environment Minister “On the 
approval of the preparation of provisions for the program and 
report of the assessment of the impact on the environment” 
(Lietuvos … 2006b) delivers inadequate instructions on 
landscape assessment which have influence on differing and 
frequently incompetent assessment of the landscape. For 
this reason, there is a proposal to work out methodology 
in which detailed criteria requiring obligatory assessment 
are set. The following are the possible assessment criteria: 
vividness, integrity, diversity, naturalness, picturesqueness, 
infrequency, cultural changes, as well as relief, vegetation, 
water, colors, exceptionality, also, such features as 
recreational, historical, informative, scientific, geological, 
natural, cultural, ethnic or rich in biological diversity.

2.3. Legal acts related to road design
These legal acts give but a very general description 

of roundabouts and vegetation of the surroundings (Lie-
tuvos … 2012a). The VGTU Road Research Institute has 
prepared (not approved yet) a new road division study “The 
analysis of the purpose of the road network element and 
preparation of development plan” which identifies the ro-
ads recommended to be widened, unchanged or even nar-

rowed. “The rules for highways and motorways design”  
(RHMD 13) being prepared by the same author, are going 
to present the regulations of incorporation of roads in the 
landscape with regard to the relief, relation to the water 
pools, as well as other environmental aspects. Currently, 
Technical Regulation For Roads KTR 1.01:2008 (Lietuvos 
… 2008c) describing roads and design materials, parame-
ters (profiles, safety requirements, recommended distances 
for vegetation, etc.) is in force. 

The problem: Insufficient regulation of landscape 
protection and management, insufficient amount of 
proposals for design including the design of roadscape and 
environmental measures, implementation and maintenance. 

The proposed amendments: The first edition of RHMD 
13 lacks environment evaluation and protection measures, 
including landscape protection, analysis of the procedures; 
therefore, there is a proposal to specify road evaluation 
procedures in regard of the classification and nature of 
construction works. In addition, there is a proposal for 
the Lithuanian Road Administration to supplement the 
existing recommendations for environmental protection 
measures with the new document “Landscape Protection 
and Management APR-KAT 13”. This document should 
specify detailed recommendations for road design. For 
this purpose the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges  
(Design … 2001) issued by Highway Agency of Great 
Britain is recommended to use.

2.4. Legal acts related to road signs and proposals for the 
system of road information

The resolution of the Government of the Republic 
of Lithuania “On the approval of traffic rules regulations” 
(Lietuvos … 2008e) lacks provisions on the information 
system for natural and cultural values. 

The problem: The roadside information system lacks 
consistency, and in some places there is an insufficient 
number of road signs. 

The proposed amendments: This legal act is to be 
supplemented by providing for the creation of new road 
signs to inform on the natural and cultural values within 
the territory of Lithuania. In addition, comprehensive 
amendment of the act providing for the reorganization of the 
roadside information system which would cover consistent 
development and adequate and sufficient location of road 
signs is necessary. Currently, the present information system 
is under study, therefore, new road signs have not been 
introduced and the issue has not been thoroughly analyzed 
yet. 

2.5. The legal acts related to the regulation of the outside 
advertising

These legal acts do not sufficiently regulate the 
location, exterior and siting of advertising hoardings 
at the roadsides (Lietuvos … 1992; Lietuvos … 2000;  
Lietuvos … 2001b). 

The problem: Insufficient regulation of advertising 
hoardings at the roadsides.

The proposed amendments: Specific conditions for 
using land and forests (Lietuvos … 1992) provide for 
prohibition of advertising hoarding solely in the road 



22

protection zones, but their location outside the zones is not 
regulated (e.g. abundance of different advertising hoardings 
along the A1 road Vilnius-Kaunas). Consequently, there is a 
proposal to provide for higher requirements for visual quality 
of the landscape, leaving the existing road protection zones 
without introduction of any changes. Also, the proposal is to 
establish practical measures for regulating the installation of 
advertising hoardings in compliance with the amendments 
of the LR Law on Advertising (Lietuvos … 2001b), since 
according to this law the permissions for the installation of 
the hoardings are issued by relevant municipalities which 
operate instruments for restrictions on the location and type 
of advertisements. There is a recommendation to change 
the provisions on visual pollution caused by advertising 
hoardings.

2.6. Legal acts related to vegetation
These legal acts provide for the responsibilities of the 

Communication Ministry and give definitions for vegetation 
and its management along the motorways (Lietuvos … 
2007). They set the requirements for vegetation along the 
roads in the territories of natural frame (Lietuvos … 2010c) 
and describe cases when transplanting of trees and bushes to 
be protected is carried out (Lietuvos … 2008a). Following 
the LR Government resolution “On the approval of the list 
of the criteria according to which trees and shrubs growing 
in the non-forest land are assigned to those to be protected 
and on the assignment of trees and shrubs to those to be 
protected” (Lietuvos … 2008d), the road lane can be not 
nearer than 1 m from the side of the trench, padding or 
excavation (i.e. it can be farther away than 1 m), therefore, 
this lane area covers practically all roadside alleys, etc. The 
LR Communication Ministry’s order “On the approval of the 
description of procedure for cutting and pruning of trees and 
shrubs growing along the roadside of the state motorways 
and in the protection zones of railways and their equipment, 
possibly causing danger for safe traffic” (Lietuvos … 2008b) 
instructs that for cutting of trees and shrubs in the lanes of 
the road of state importance the permission is not required. 
It is in these places that the removal of vegetation along the 
roads of state or local importance is carried out to prevent 
obstruction. Point 33.3 of the order of the LR Environment 
Minister “On the approval of the regulation rules for keeping 
trees and shrubs, water pools in the vegetation zones, lawns 
and flowerbeds” limits the height of tree crowns, which 
causes problems for lorries, because they can damage them 
through breaking branches.

The problem: Some of legal acts protect trees, others 
issue permissions for cutting them down, which leads to the 
absence of regulation to secure trees and plants by means 
of speed limit or partitions in the most dangerous sections. 

The proposed amendments: There is a proposal to 
supplement the LR Government’s resolution “On the 
approval of the list of the criteria according to which trees 
and shrubs growing in the non-forest land are assigned 
to those to be protected and the assignment of trees and 
shrubs for those to be protected” (Lietuvos … 2008d) in 
the following way: the alleys, according to regions, etc. are 
to be assigned to those to be protected by recommending to 
build partitions for road safety. Not all the alleys are to be 

selected, but only those which are the most valuable and so 
far unprotected. The LR Communication Ministry’s order 
“On the approval of the procedure of pruning and cutting of 
trees and shrubs growing along the roads of state importance 
and railways and their constructions in the protection zones 
which threaten traffic safety (Lietuvos … 2008b)” should be 
basically amended due to the conflict described in Section 
2. There is also a proposal to apply these requirements 
for the regional roads and roads of local importance. The 
LR Environment Minister’s order “On the approval of the 
procedure of cutting, transplanting or other kind of removal 
of trees and bushes to be protected, of execution of and the 
issue of permissions for these works and compensation for 
the value of the removed trees and shrubs” (Lietuvos … 
2008a) is preliminarily proposed to be supplemented in the 
following way: if the trees to be cut down or transplanted 
are too big, it is appropriate to replant them by trees and 
shrubs of the same species of trees and shrubs. Replanting 
should be done with trees of the cross-section not smaller 
than 10 cm. The distance from the roadside and the way 
of replanting trees and shrubs should be predicted in 
advance (so that construction machines and mechanisms 
can move along without obstruction). However, there is 
one essential drawback of this proposal: if there emerges 
the need to take some private land for replanting vegetation, 
this will not be possible until the project of taking of land 
for public purposes is implemented. After taking the land, 
construction/ reconstruction works start immediately, and it 
is only after that the planting of trees is possible. From the 
order of the LR Environment Ministry “On the amendment 
of the approval of the provisions of the natural framework 
(carcass)” (Lietuvos … 2010c) point 6.1., the word 
“sanitary” should be eliminated, because the road sanitary 
protection zones do not exist any longer. In addition, there 
is no recommendation to plant vegetation on the roadsides 
within the territory of natural carcass: if the speed is big, 
the zone of 3 – 15 meters at the minimum from the side 
of the road lane, according to the safety requirements, 
should be left free from vegetation. Besides, vegetation is 
not recommended along the local communication roads 
which are not long (up to 1 km) and are designed for taking 
agricultural machines to the field or back to the farm, i.e. in 
the open agricultural territories.

2.7. Planning recommendations
The Lithuanian Road Administration under the 

Ministry of Communication issued “Recommendations 
for Environmental Tools for Design, Implementation and 
Maintenance (Protection of Biological Diversity)” in 
2010 (Lietuvos … 2010a). This is one of a few documents 
describing some of the roadscape design aspects. The 
Recommendations describe the selection of the route and its 
longitudinal profile, the adaptation of bridges and viaducts 
for migration of wild animals and their adjustment to the 
landscape. The document gives a detailed description of 
the selection of landscape elements, their location with 
regard to the road or natural elements, their materials, color 
solutions, selection of type, parameters and materials of 
fences and enclosure borders, selection of double-leaf gates 
and horizontal barriers, installation of single-leaf gates and 
ramps, advantages and disadvantages. 



23

“The Recommendations for Environmental Tools for 
Design, Implementation and Maintenance (Traffic Noise 
Reduction)” (Lietuvos … 2010b) say that the measure for 
reduction of traffic – caused noise is selected on the base 
of several criteria , including aesthetics, in accordance with 
the criteria of landscape, public safety, etc. The selection of 
route and preparation of practical solutions for spatial design, 
selection of partitions and noise reduction installations to 
avoid negative visual effect on the landscape are thoroughly 
described. The proposals for installation of wooden, brick, 
concrete, metal, transparent and plastic noise gates in the 
urbanized, suburban, rural and out-of-town environment are 
submitted. A detailed description of the architectural design 
of noise gates is provided to harmonize the gate with the 
environment. To achieve the latter aim, it is recommended 
to follow two essential principles of aesthetic combination, 
i.e. stylistic integrity of the structure and the landscape. The 
recommendations for the construction of mounds relating 
them to the visual quality of the landscape, the principles of 
vegetation and its assortment of the roadside are provided. 

3. Discussion

Lithuanian legal acts contain the following provision: 
the Council’s directives bind the Member States to carry out 
a comprehensive evaluation of direct or indirect impact on 
the landscape, however, concrete actions and methods are 
not specified, thus, regarding them the responsibility of the 
Member State in accordance with the legislation of that state. 

It can be stated that road designing in the Lithuanian 
legal acts is carried out based on documents of territorial 
planning, environmental impact assessment and other 
environmental legal acts, legal acts of cultural heritage, 
also, on other specific road designing and planning legal 
acts where landscape is involved (relief, vegetation, 
etc.). However, these documents lack legal and practical 
compatibility between roadscape and traffic safety, e.g. 
cutting down of trees at the roadsides, which in some cases 
is necessary for the sake of safety, has a negative effect 
on the aesthetic quality of the landscape. The review of 
the relevant Lithuanian legal acts showed that legal acts 
regulating landscape protection, fail to ensure sustainable 
road development, therefore, an integrated publication 
to present the main principles of incorporation of roads 
into the landscape is necessary. The publications of this 
type (planning manuals, guidelines) are available in other 
foreign countries. Their experience can be a good example 
in developing landscape protection and management 
guidelines for Lithuanian roads.

None of all Lithuanian legal acts require mandatory 
evaluation of the aesthetic visual impact of the road on 
the environment. The analysis of the Lithuanian legal acts 
showed that:

 ▪ there is no strategy of road landscape management 
in Lithuania; the procedure of taking land for 
public needs (for landscape management near the 
roads) is complicated;

 ▪ the methodology for road landscape evaluation 
is non-existing, besides, the qualification of EIA 
developers is insufficient;

 ▪ the regulation of landscape protection and 
management is insufficient. In addition, there 
is a lack of proposals for design, realization 
and maintenance of highway landscape and 
environment implements;

 ▪ the integrated and comprehensive information 
system (signs) covering natural and cultural values, 
is nonexistent;

 ▪ there is a need for a more exacting regulation 
for building of advertising stands along the 
highways;

 ▪ there are contradictions between the existing 
legal acts: some acts are meant to protect trees, 
others issue permissions for cutting them near 
the roads, while the problem could be solved 
by limiting the speed or by railing off the most 
dangerous sections of the road, thus, saving the 
roadside vegetation. 

4. Conclusions

The preliminary proposals submitted for improvement 
of the Lithuanian legislation can regulate roadscape design 
through master plans and taking of land for public purposes. 
The essential proposals are the following:

 ▪ to work out the road landscape evaluation 
methodology involving detailed criteria of the 
obligatory assessment of visual impact of the 
road on the environment. The qualification and 
education of the developer of each part of the EIA 
should be specifically regulated;

 ▪ a document with specified recommendations for 
the design of the Lithuanian road landscape should 
be prepared;

 ▪ in carrying out the evaluation of the effect on the 
environment, visual effect of the communication 
infrastructure on the environment should be taken 
into consideration, visual resources of the roadside 
landscape should be evaluated, the possibilities for 
utilization of these resources and detailed proposals 
for landscape management should be offered; 

 ▪ it is necessary to analyze the existing system of 
road signs and, if necessary, it should be expanded 
to an integral and easily understood system with 
the information on the cultural values in Lithuania;

 ▪ the requirements for visual quality of the landscape 
should be provided, the provisions for the visual 
pollution caused by advertising billboards should 
be amended, the amendments of the LR Law 
on Advertising on the regulation of practical 
installation of advertising billboards should be 
provided;

 ▪ it is highly recommended to preserve the most 
valuable, though not assigned to the plants to be 
protected, alleys or their individual sections along 
the roads and to rail them off by protective walls; 
to submit grounded proposals for replanting with 
regard to traffic intensity, traveling speed and the 
significance of the road.



24

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darbams išdavimo, medžių ir krūmų vertės atlyginimo tvarkos 
aprašo patvirtinimo“.Valstybės žinios, 2008.02.09, Nr. 17-611.

Lietuvos Respublikos Susisiekimo Ministras. 2008b. Įsakymas 
Nr. 3-507 „Dėl Saugiam eismui pavojų keliančių geležinkelio 
kelių ir jų įrenginių apsaugos zonoje ir valstybinės reikšmės 
automobilių kelių juostoje augančių medžių ir krūmų genėjimo 
ir kirtimo tvarkos aprašo patvirtinimo“.Valstybės žinios, 
2008.12.31, Nr. 150-6131.

Lietuvos Respublikos Susisiekimo Ministerija. 2008c. Kelių 
techninis reglamentas KTR 1.01:2008. Valstybės žinios, 
2008.01.22, Nr. 9-322.

Lietuvos Respublikos Vyriausybė. 2008d. Nutarimas Nr. 206 „Dėl 
kriterijų, pagal kuriuos medžiai ir krūmai, augantys ne miškų 
ūkio paskirties žemėje, priskiriami saugotiniems, sąrašo 
patvirtinimo ir medžių ir krūmų priskyrimo saugotiniems”. 
Valstybės žinios, 2008.03.20, Nr. 33-1151.

Lietuvos Respublikos Vyriausybė. 2008e. Nutarimas „Dėl kelių 
eismo taisyklių patvirtinimo“. Valstybės žinios, 2008.08.02, 
Nr. 88-3530.

Lietuvos Respublikos Seimas. 2007. Lietuvos Respublikos 
Želdynų įstatymas. Valstybės žinios, 2007.07.19, Nr. 80-3215.

Lietuvos Respublikos Susisiekimo Ministras. 2006a. Įsakymas 
Nr. 3-453/D1-549 „Dėl susisiekimo komunikacijų specialiųjų 
planų rengimo taisyklių patvirtinimo“. Valstybės žinios, 
2006.11.30, Nr. 130-4924.

Lietuvos Respublikos Aplinkos Ministras. 2006b. Įsakymas 
Nr. D1-636 „Dėl poveikio aplinkai vertinimo programos ir 
ataskaitos rengimo nuostatų patvirtinimo“. Valstybės žinios, 
2006.01.17, Nr.: 6-225.

Lietuvos Respublikos Seimas. 2005a. Lietuvos Respublikos 
Planuojamos ūkinės veiklos poveikio aplinkai vertinimo 
įstatymo pakeitimo įstatymas. Valstybės žinios, 2005.07.12, 
Nr. 84-3105.

Lietuvos Respublikos Vyriausybė. 2005b. Nutarimas Nr. 924 
„Dėl prašymų paimti žemę visuomenės poreikiams pateikimo 
ir nagrinėjimo taisyklių ir žemės paėmimo visuomenės 
poreikiams projektų rengimo ir įgyvendinimo taisyklių 
patvirtinimo“. Valstybės žinios, 2005.08.26, Nr.104–3839. 

Lietuvos Respublikos Aplinkos Ministras. 2004a. Įsakymas Nr. 
D1-263 „Dėl Apskrities teritorijos bendrojo (generalinio) 
plano rengimo, Savivaldybės teritorijos bendrojo plano 
rengimo ir Miestų ir miestelių bendrųjų planų rengimo 
taisyklių patvirtinimo“.Valstybės žinios, 2004.05.22, Nr. 83-
3029.

Lietuvos Respublikos Seimas. 2004b. Lietuvos Respublikos 
Teritorijų planavimo įstatymas. Valstybės žinios, 2004.02.07, 
Nr. 21-617.

Lietuvos Respublikos Seimas. 2004c. Lietuvos Respublikos 
Žemės įstatymo pakeitimo įstatymas. Valstybės žinios, 
2004.02.21, Nr. 28-868.

Lietuvos Respublikos Seimas. 2002. Nutarimas 2002 m. spalio 
29 d. Nr. IX-1154 „Dėl Lietuvos Respublikos teritorijos 
bendrojo plano“. Valstybės žinios, 2002.11.15, Nr. 110-4852.

Lietuvos Respublikos Seimas. 2001a. Lietuvos Respublikos 
Saugomų teritorijų įstatymo pakeitimo įstatymas. Valstybės 
žinios, 2001.12.28, Nr. 108-3902.

Lietuvos Respublikos Seimas. 2001b. Lietuvos Respublikos 
Statybos įstatymas. Valstybės žinios, 2001.11.30, Nr. 101-
3597.

Lietuvos Respublikos Seimas. (2000. Lietuvos Respublikos 
Reklamos įstatymas. Valstybės žinios, 2000.07.31, Nr. 64-
1937.

Lietuvos Respublikos Seimas. 1995. Lietuvos Respublikos Kelių 
įstatymas. Valstybės žinios, 1995.05.26, Nr. 44-1076.

Lietuvos Respublikos Vyriausybė. 1992. Nutarimas Nr. 343 „Dėl 
specialiųjų žemės ir miško naudojimo sąlygų“. Valstybės 
žinios, 1992.05.12, Nr. 22-652.

Vilniaus miesto bendrasis planas iki 2015 m. 2007. Available at: 
http://www.vilnius.lt/bplanas/index.php?mid=65&lang=lt 
(accessed 15 March 2010).

Received 2013 07 13 
Accepted after revision 2013 07 29



25

Irina MATIJOŠAITIENĖ – associated professor at Kaunas University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and 
Architecture, Department of Architecture and Land Management.
Main research areas: urban and road landscape, space syntax, Kansei engineering, hedonomics, ergonomics, statistics.
Address:  Studentu st. 48, LT-51367 Kaunas, Lithuania.
Tel.:  +370 37 300456
E-mail:  irivarl@yahoo.com, irina.matijosaitiene@ktu.lt

Ona SAMUCHOVIENĖ – environmental senior epecialist, Master of Geography, Joint Stock Company “Infraplanas”. 
Main research area: environmental impact assessment, assessment of roads, railways, wind power plants impact on 

landscape and land use.
Address:  K. Donelaičio st. 55-2, LT-44245 Kaunas, Lithuania.
Tel.:  +370 37 407548
E-mail:  o.samuchoviene@infraplanas.lt