Ghostscript wrapper for D:\Digitalizacja\MTS88_t26_z1_4_PDF_artykuly\04mts88_t26_zeszyt_4.pdf MECHAN IKA y U PL'87 TEORETYCZNA I S TOS OWANA 4, 26 (1988) SOLU TION OF SH ALLOW SH ELLS BY BOU N D ARY ELEM EN T M E T H O D . PROBLEM OF CORN ERS OTTON DĄ BROWSKI ROMAN SZMIGIELSKI T echnical University of W roclaw 1. Introduction Boundary Element M ethod (BEM) is one of numerical methods which is finding now greater attention in mechanics [1, 2]. BEM is applied for the solution of the boundary problems described by the integral equations. The adventage of BEM which causes its computational applications is, that the BEM reduces geometrical size of the problem by one and consequently reduces the time of calculations. The unknown quantities are bound- ary displacements or forces depending on how the edge is supported. The solution of wider class of shells is restricted to the possibility of obtaining fundamental solutions (G reen's function). We will discuss the thin, shallow, spherical shell, which middle surface can be described approximatly by equation [5]: where k = 2d/ a2 — constant curvature, d— height of the shell, a — radius of the bottom of the shell. The fundamental solution is given in [4] and complete solution in [8]. The integral representation of the equilibrium equations of shells can be obtained by making use of Betti- MaxwelFs reciprocal theorem [6]. If one of the state of forces is unit loading and corresponding fundamental solution is one of the state of the displace- ments and after making use of the properties of the D irac's function we obtain the Somi- gliano's formulas for displacements: «j(® = / [T ,(K)u u (K, G)+M a (K)f nJ (K, G)]dC- f [T t3 (K, G)u t c c k + M nJ (K,G)
„(/ 0]rfC+ J Pi(F)uu(F, G)dA + £ Rr(K)vr3A{K, G), A r= l where f u =f i3lli , u u = u i3>lt , y nA = Vm.n, p — arbitrary direction, C —boundary of the shell. A — the projection of the middle surface on the plane x 1} x 2 , F— arbitrary point of the middle surface, G — point of application of the concetrated unit load, K— th e searched point, the known fundamental solution is marked by bar. 2. Boundary integral equations We obtain the boundary integral equations passing from inner point G of a shell to the point M which belongs to the shell edge. The formulas (1.2) become boundary integral equations: - / [Tt{K)utJ(K, M)+M n(K)ynJ(K, M)]dC- f [fu(K, M)ut(K) + c c k jPt(F)uu{F, M)dA + £ Rr(_K)u r 3i{K, M), l (2.1) c k }pt(F)uu(F, M)dA+ £Rr(K)u'3A(K, M), A r = l where n — normal vector to the edge. When we calculate the boundary forces or boundary displacements in the point K = M arise the singularities, which can be avoided. The coefficients a and /S in formulas (2.1) are equal 0.5 on smooth edge [7]. In the corner points Q the values of those coefficients are depending on the angle on of the corner [7, 8]. 3. Problem of corners I n th e corners arise the singularities. The singularity order is the same as of the plate [3]. Therefore the corner coefficients a and /? were determined by replacing the shell funda- mental functions of forces, moments and displacements by corresponding plate funda- mental solutions: S 3 3 = = W r 2 1 m * ' • (3.1) where D = Eh3(12(1- v2). SHALLOW SHELLS BY BEM 605 For / = 3 in the corner point Q the boundary integral equations have the form: (K, Q)]dC f [Ta3(K, Q)ua(K) + + T33(K, ^ n ( e ) = J [Tt c , Q)cpn(K)]dC+ j Pt(F)ui3(F, Q)dA+ , Q)+Mn(K)rPn4(K, Q)]dC f [T^(K, Q)ua(K)+ , Q), (3.2) k (3.3) n4(K, Q)(pn(K)]dC+ J P^u^F, Q)dA + £RfiUi^, Q), A r=l where a = 1,2. _ We make use of the properties of the function T34 resulting from equilibrium equation: (3.4) then the equation (3.3) becomes. n4(K, Q)]dC J {fa4(K, Q)ua{K)+ c . c + T34.(K, Q) [u3(Kj»3(0] + Mn4(K, Q)%(K)}dC+ /P,(P)5,*(F. Q)dA+ ( 3 . 5 ) r=\ In this way the order of the singularity in the underlined expression in (3.5) has been lowered. The local coordinate system iltiz (Fig. 1.) is assumed. where: Fig. 1. The local coordinate system ix = ecoscp, £2 = ssiny, fi(K)= [cosy, sincp], (3.6) = [sinco, cosa)]. 606 O . D Ą BROWSKI, R. SZMIG IELSKI I n the surroundings of the point Q the boundary curve C of the shell is divided on boundary curve C and C * (C * is a circular sector around the point Q in diameter e, F ig. I,). The displacement function in the surroundings of point Q has been approximated by the linear function in th e form: ( +COSCO- U3llJ)ix~U3l (3.7) ,__ 3u 3 (K) 1 Vn( } = ~~5i = l i n The boundary forces expressed in polar coordinates in this point are: = - Q*- - 1 M* ,„ (3.8) g * = - Z ) p3 4 > r r + — M 34,r+ - ^- W34>W , M*, = - ( 1- V) i) ( 4- Ś 34.f) , Afa4 = - M* = I> I M3*. rr + V "̂̂ a- "34. w + — "34,r)j- Taking into account formulas (3.6) we obtain: , 0 - - - ^ - (cose- fr- sinip- Pi), (3.9) 1 j . r , 0 = - M * = - ^—- (cos 99 • [x t - sin 9 • F o r e - > 0 the integral along the boundary C in equations (3.3) and (3.5) becomes the principal value in Cauchy's sense. When we integrate the equation (3.2) along C* (e -» 0) we obtain the following quantities: lim / T 33 (K, Q)u 3 (Q)dC* = ^ ~u 3 (Q), (3.10) an d from equation (3.5) for , Q)[u 3 (K)- u 3 (Q)]dC*+ f M n *{K, Q)cp n (K)dC*} = (3.11) r*c* c* 1 , SH ALLOW SHELLS BY BEM 607 and for e~> 0 1 n *{K, Q)
poBOMy aHa- r a x o6oJioueK. I I O AP O SH O o6cyjKfleHa npo6neiwa yrjioB H CBH3aHHbie c iieft oco6eHiiocTH. a: H JijnocrpairftH Merofla irpH BefleH ti qncjieH H bie peuieHHH Asyx ctpepHHecKHX oSoJicaeKj pacn pe- Ha npHMoyrom.HOM m iaH e. S t r e s z c z e n i e R O Z WI Ą Z AN IE Z AG AD N I E N I A P OWŁ OK M AŁOWYN IOSŁYCH ZA POM OCĄ M ETOD Y ELEM EN TÓW BR Z EG OWYC H . Z AG AD N I E N I E N AROŻ Y P rzedstawiono podstawy metody elementów brzegowych w zastosowaniu do analizy numerycznej powł ok mał owynioslych. Omówiono szczegół owo problem naroży i zwią zanych z naroż ami osobliwoś ci. D la zilustrowania metody zamieszczono rozwią zania numeryczne dwóch powł ok sferycznych n a rzucie prostoką tn ym. • . » Praca wpł ynę ł a do Redakcji dnia 17 sierpnia 1987 roku.