JUNE_2014.cdr Journal of Tropical Crop Science (ISSN 2356-0169; e-ISSN 2356-0177) is published four-monthly by Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, INDONESIA. Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: www.j-tropical-crops.com Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by the Publisher. The accuracy of the Content should be independently veri�ed with primary sources of information. The publisher shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of a work published in Journal of Tropical Crop Science is granted for personal or educational/classroom use provided that copies are not made or distributed for pro�t or commercial advantage. ©Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, INDONESIA. All rights reserved. Journal of Tropical Crop Science Volume Number 1 20141 June ON THE COVER The cover image shows sun�owers by Darda Effendi EDITORIAL BOARD Krisantini Sintho Wahyuning Ardie Sandra A. Aziz Robert J. Hampson Satriyas Ilyas Tri Koesoemaningtyas Rohana P Mahaliyanaarachchi Awang Maharijaya Maya Melati Roedhy Poerwanto Bambang Sapto Purwoko Sudarsono Muhamad Syukur Hugo Volkaert Malcolm Wegener Managing Editor Krisantini Graphic Design Syaiful Anwar Features Editor Damayanti Buchori Dadang Sisir Mitra Agus Purwito Ernan Rustiadi SHORT COMMUNICATION Tropical and Subtropical Fruits in India Sisir Mitra Heliconia Cultivar Registration Dave Skinner, Jan Hintze, Bryan Brunner RESEARCH ARTICLES Estimation of Genetic Parameter for Quantitative Characters of Pepper ( L.)Capsicum annuum Muhamad Syukur, Syaidatul Rosidah Irrigation Volume Based on Pan Evaporation and Their Effects on Water Use Ef�ciency and Yield of Hydroponically Grown Chilli Eko Sulistyono, Abe Eiko Juliana Evaluation of Commercial Sun�ower (Helianthus annuus ) Cultivars in Bogor, Indonesia, forL. Ornamental and Nursery Production Syarifah Iis Aisyah, Khotimah, Krisantini Different Growth Partitioning and Shoot Production of Talinum triangulare Treated with Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer Sandra Ari�n Aziz, Leo Mualim, Sitta Azmi Farchany Cloning and Characterization of P5CS1 and P5CS2 Genes from L. under DroughtSaccharum officinarum Stress Hayati Minarsih Iskandar, Dwiyantari Widyaningrum, Sony Suhandono Journal of Tropical Crop Science (ISSN 2356-0169; ISSN 2356-0177) is published four-monthly (one volume per year) bye- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, IPB Darmaga Campus, Bogor, Indonesia 16680. Send all inquiries regarding printed copies and display advertising to or to Secretary, Department ofinfo@j‐tropical‐crops.com Agronomy and Horticulture; telephone/fax 62-251-8629353. 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Printed in the Republic of Indonesia.IN S T T T U I B O G O R PERTA N IA N Introduction India is the second largest producer of fruits in the world with an annual production of 81.2 million tonnes contributing 12.6% of world fruit production next only to China (21.2%). Of late, with growing population and realization of commercial and nutritional values, the demand and requirement for fruits has increased manifold globally and so is in India. Since then, India has managed a steady growth in area expansion and production of fruits. Even in 2012- 13, increase in area20 and production of fruits in India was 4.1 and 6.4 times over 2011- 12 Of these, tropical and subtropical fruits20 contribute a major share, and the important fruits are mango, banana, papaya, citrus, guava, pineapple, litchi, sapota and pomegranate. Among the minor fruits (less area in cultivation than the major fruits) are jackfruit, bael, aonla, carambola, syzygiums, passion fruit and tamarind are also growing in many states of India. Current status Globally, India is the leading producer of important tropical fruits such as banana (25.6%), mango and guava (44%), and papaya (42.6%). In terms of production in India, banana occupies the �rst with 32.6% of the total fruit production followed by mango (22.1%), citrus (12.4%) and papaya (6.6%) respectively though maximum area is registered in mango (2500 thousand ha ha) followed by Citrus (1042 thousand ) banana (776 thousand ) and guava (236 thousand ) (Table 1).ha ha Mango Mango is the most popular and the choicest fruit of India occupying about 35.8% of the total area under fruits accounting for 22.1% of the total fruit production. India has more than 1200 mango varieties. The important mango varieties grown in India are Dashehari, Chausa, Langra, Kesar, Himsagar, Fazli, Alphonso, Amrapali etc. Banana Banana is suitably grown in almost all the states of India and available round the year. Cultivation of banana using t i s s u e c u l t u r e d p l a n t l e t s o f G r a n d N a i n e h a s revolutionised the banana industry in India. Dwarf Cavendish, Robusta, Poovan, Red Banana are the common varieties grown all over besides many other indigenous genotypes are also grown in all parts of the country. Banana occupies only 11.1% of total cultivated area under fruits but it contributes 32.6% of total fruit production. Citrus Productivity of Citrus is highest in Karnataka (22.0 ha ),t. -1 followed by in Rajasthan (18.4 ha ) In Arunachalt. -1 Pradesh and Punjab, limes and lemon are produced round the year. Pramanali, Vikram, Shai Sabarti, Phule Sharbati, Jai Devi and Seedless Lime are the common lime varieties grown in India while Balaji and Rasraj are con�ned to only few states. Common lemon varieties like Eureka, Kagzhi Kalan and Assam Lemon are grown all over the country. Sweet lime grown in India includes Mithachikna and Mithotra. In India, Mosambi, Valencia and Blood Red dominates in all the sweet orange growing areas. Best quality mandarins are produced in the country. Nagpur Mandarin, Coorg Mandarin, Khasi Mandarin, Darjeeling mandarin, Kinnow Mandarin etc have their own unique qualities. Guava Guava accounts for 3.9 % of the total fruit production from an area of 3.4 % of the total area under fruits in India. Sardar, Allahabad Safeda, Shweta, Lalit, (pink �esh), Allahabad Surkha (deep pink �esh), Khaja (Bengal Safeda) are the varieties growing in different states of India. Papaya India is the leading producer of papaya in the world accounting for 42.6% of the total world production followed by Brazil (12%) and Indonesia (7.2%). Pink Flesh Sweet, Coorg Honey Dew, Sunrise Solo, Taiwan, Pusa Delicious, Pusa Dwarf, Pusa Nanha, Arka Surya, Arka Prabhat, CO1, CO3, CO4, and CO6 are the varieties grown in different parts of the country. Good papain yielding varieties like CO2, CO5 and CO7 have also been developed and are successfully grown. Pineapple Kew, Giant Kew, Queen, Mau i ius are the only fewr t varieties successfully grown in different parts of the country. Though the current productivity of pineapple in India is only 14.9 ha , Karnataka has registered at. -1 Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 1 No. 1, 2014June www.j-tropical-crops.com SHORT COMMUNICATION Sisir Mitra* Chair, Section Tropical and Subtropical Fruits International Society for Horticultural Science *Corresponding author; email: sisirm@vsnl.net Tropical and Subtropical Fruits in India 1 productivity of 62.7 hat. -1 Litchi India is the second largest producer of litchi after China in the world. In India it is cultivated in about 77000 andha production is about 497000 of which the largest area andt production is from Bihar. About 50 varieties of litchi are grown in India of which Shahi, China, Bombai, Rose Scented, Muzaffarpur etc. are grown commercially. Pomegranate Ganesh, Bhagwa, Jyoti, G-137, Ruby are the important varieties developed in India. Year-round availability of pomegranate in Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu is possible due to its suitable agro-climatic condition and improved production technologies and Tamil Nadu has the highest productivity of 31.3 hat. -1 Table 1: Area, production, productivity and major producing states of important tropical and subtropical fruits in India. Area (000 )ha Production t(000 ) Productivity t.h( )-1 Major producing statesFruit Banana Mango Citrus Papaya Guava Pineapple Pomegranate Litchi 776.0 2500.0 1042.0 132.0 236.0 105.0 113.2 77.8 26509.0 18002.0 10090.0 5382.0 3198.0 1571.0 754.0 497.3 34.20 7.20 9.70 40.70 13.60 14.90 6.60 6.4 Ta m i l N a d u ( 1 9 . 4 % ) , G u j a r a t ( 1 7 . 1 % ) , Maharashtra (13.6%), Andhra Pradesh (12.2%), Karnataka (9.5%). Andhra Pradesh (24.5%), Uttar Pradesh (24.4%), Karnataka (10%), Bihar (7.6%). Andhra Pradesh (37.7%), Madhya Pradesh 11.8(%), Punjab (10%), Maharashtra (8.5%). Andhra Pradesh (30.7%), Gujarat (22.1%), Karnataka (8.6%), Madhya Pradesh (7.7%). Madhya Pradesh (25.0%), Maharashtra (9.5%), Uttar Pradesh (9.1%), Bihar (9.1%). We s t B e n g a l ( 1 9 . 7 % ) , A s s a m ( 1 7 . 1 % ) , Karnataka (10.8%), Tripura (10.5%). Maharashtra (54.8%), Karnataka (20.2%), Gujarat (10.6%). Bihar (45.6%), West Bengal (17.1%), Jharkhand (7.2%). Sisir Mitra2 References Mitra, S.K., Gurung, M.R. and Pathak, P.K. (2007). Guava production and improvement in India: an overview. Acta Horticulturae , 59-68.787 Mitra, S.K. and Dutta Ray, S.K. 2005 . Advances in the production and research of lychee in India.( ) Acta Horticulturae 665, 47-52. Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 1 No. 1, 2014June www.j-tropical-crops.com