245 International Peer Reviewed Journal Non-Government Organization Practices on Peace Building Process MUNAIN H. HARON http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0962-0834 munainharon2@gmail.com Bagoinged Elementary School Pikit South District, Cotabato Division Originality: 99% • Grammar Check: 99% • Plagiarism: 1% ABSTRACT Generally, this study aimed to determine the influence and contribution of the socio-demographic profile of the NGO officers and practices on the peace building process. Specifically, it aimed to determine the socio-demographic profile of the NGO officers, the level of practices of NGO activities, the level of conduct of different initiatives on the peace building process, and the effect of the socio-demographic profile and NGO practices on the peace building process. 47 NGO officers who served as respondents of the study. Percentage and frequency were used to describe the socio-demographic profile of the officers. Mean was used to determine the level of practices of NGO and peace building processes; multiple regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses of the study. It was found out that most of the NGO officers were under the age bracket of 26 – 30 years old male, Maguindanaon, married, primary and high school graduate in Arabic and English Education, had 11,000 – 20,000 monthly income and gave 600 – 1,500 weekly to support the operation of the organization. Findings further revealed that the NGO officers fully practiced relational dimension, peace building agents, and communication and consultation. Vol. 38 · October 2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7719/jpair.v38i1.735 Print ISSN 2012-3981 Online ISSN 2244-0445 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0962-0834 mailto:munainharon2@gmail.com https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ 246 JPAIR Multidisciplinary Research Keywords — Non-Government Organization, Peace, Unity, Pikit North Cotabato, Philippines INTRODUCTION In general, the non-Government organization is an organization that seeks for the rehabilitation of every conflict and finding a solution for any conflicts, the best practices made by the NGO is to strengthening the relationship of every individual. Another practice of NGO has the strongest role in society, especially to promote peace and order; it is also empowering people to take their initiative to supports peace process for lasting peace; peace education is one way conducting by NGOs to promote peace in our society. As such, peace building is a multidisciplinary, cross-sector technique or method which becomes strategic when it works over the long run and at all levels of society to establish and sustain relationships among people locally and globally—thus engendering sustainable peace. Strategic peace building activities address the root causes or potential causes of violence, create a societal expectation for peaceful conflict resolution, and stabilize society politically and socioeconomically. Peace education is a philosophy and a paradigm with its values and precepts which provide a framework to discern, understand, analyze, and regulate human relationship to create in an integrated holistic and human social order. Peace through the efforts of every NGO’s awakening to situation and strategies. It is a long term program of NGO to build peace, stable communities, and societies. But the most important peace that we might contribute to our country is to maintain a harmonious and smooth relationship with others; peace begins in ourselves before we can promote peace to others. The included in peace building vary depending on the situation and the agent of peace building. Successful peace building activities create an environment supportive of self-sustaining, durable peace; reconcile opponents; prevent conflict from restarting; integrate civil society; create the rule of law mechanisms, and address underlying structural and societal issues. Researchers and practitioners also increasingly find that peace building is most effective and durable when it relies upon local conceptions of peace and the underlying dynamics which foster or enable conflict. A Relatively narrow set of activities aimed at achieving the above objectives. According to Wulf (2009), ‘The Role of Regional Organizations in Conflict Prevention and Resolution’ in Still under Construction: Regional Organizations’ 247 International Peer Reviewed Journal Regional organizations should, therefore, have an immediate interest in promoting peace due to the spill-over effects of war. Donor organizations have highlighted the lack of regional capacity as a top priority without concern for different values within regional organizations. As a researcher, I want to pursue to know if what are the different activities should be conducted by NGOs to help reduces the conflicts in any place because NGOs have become a vital part of the emerging multi-level and multi-dimensional approaches to peace-making. FRAMEWORK The study assessed the non-government organization practices on the peace building process. Figure 1, shows the independent variables that consist of socio-economic factors such as age, tribe, civil status, gender, Arabic education, western education, type of community, monthly income, and weekly financial support; NGO practices such as relational dimension, peace building agents, and communication and consultation; and the dependent variables consists of peace-building process in terms of training, organizing, and organize public demonstration. Figure 1. Schematic diagram showing the relationship between the independent and dependent variables 248 JPAIR Multidisciplinary Research OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY This study was conducted to determine the practices of a non-government organization towards peace building. Specifically, it sought to answer the following: (1) to determine the socio-economic factors of the respondents; (2) to identify the practices of the non-government organization on peace building; (3) to determine the ways of peace building process (4) to determine the socio- demographic profile of the respondents significantly affect the peace building process; and (4) to determine the practices of NGO significantly contribute to peace building process. If there is any, what are those practices? METHODOLOGY This chapter presents the research design, research instruments, and respondents of the study, data gathering procedure, and data analysis. Research Design The study used a descriptive research design. Survey on the initiatives of NGOs such as Immaculate Conception Parish- Integrated Rehabilitation Program (ICP-IRP), United Youth for Peace and Development (UNYPAD) and United Christ Church of the Philippines (UCCP) served as a source of data. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to gather data from the respondents. Research Site This study was conducted at Pikit, Cotabato, with 42 barangays, through the Immaculate Conception Parish-Integrated Rehabilitation Program (ICP- IRP) in partnership with others NGO’s, the seven barangays were declared as “TARABABUBABUBA space for peace.” 249 International Peer Reviewed Journal Figure 1. Map of Municipality of Pikit Participants The respondents of the study were members of the non-government organization based in Pikit North Cotabato, who were involved in peace building activities. These were the United Youth for Peace Development and UCCP. Instrumentation The instruments used in this study were mainly questionnaire administered to respondents who were working in peace building. The questionnaire had three parts. The first part determined the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents. The second part was designed to determine the practices used in organizing peace building. The third part of the questionnaire aimed to find out the peace building process done by the NGOs. Data Gathering Procedure The researcher asked permission from the Office of the Executive Director of the Non-Government Organization. The questionnaire was distributed by the researcher to the respondents. The complete enumeration was used to considering all non-government organization workers who advocate peace building. 250 JPAIR Multidisciplinary Research Statistical Analysis The responses to each item in the questionnaire was tallied and properly encoded. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, frequency count means, and percentage. Multiple linear regression was used to test the hypotheses. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The result of the study specifically the socio-demographic factors, practices of NGO towards peace building process, the peace building process of NGO, effects of the socio-demographic factors to the peace building process, and contribution of NGO practices to the peace building process. Socio-Demographic Factors Table 2 shows the socio-demographic factors of the officers of the NGO existing in Pikit in terms of age, tribe, civil status, gender, educational attainment in Arabic and Western Education, monthly income, and weekly financial support. Age and Tribe As reflected in Table 2, the ages of the respondents were grouped into a bracket. It revealed that most (34.04%) of the officers were under the age bracket of 26 – 30 years old, 25.53% were under the age bracket of 21 – 25 years old, 17.02 % were under the age bracket of 31 – 35 years old, 10.64% were under the age bracket of below 20 years old, 8.51 % were under the age bracket of 36 – 40 years old, and 4.26 % were under the age bracket of 41 years above. The result implies that officers of NGOs existing in Pikit are at their young age. Findings conformed to the findings of Morrison, Nicolaisen, Kanen, Calibuso, and Brown (2007) because he found out that age as positive determinants of the NGO workers concluded that older workers, particularly in mid-fifties declined slowly and gradually in their physical efficiency. It also reflected in Table 2 that as to the tribe of the respondents, 53.19 % of the officers of the NGO existing in Pikit were Maguindanaon, 19.15 % were Maranao, 14.89 % were Cebuano and other Christian tribes, and 12.77 % were Iranon. 251 International Peer Reviewed Journal Civil Status and Gender It was gleaned in Table 2 that 85.11 % of the NGO officers were married, 10.64 % were single, and 4.25 % were separated and annulled. It implies that most of the NGO officers were married. This is due to the general perception that married individual is more responsible, emotionally and mentally matured (Dilangalen & Adam, 2007) Table 2 further shows that 61.70 % of the respondents were male, and 38.30 % were female. This means that most of the workers in NGOs were male. The findings conform to Maguindanaon’s belief that males lead and work for the family while females do household chores (Dilangalen & Adam 2007). Educational Attainment in Arabic and Western Education Table 2 further shows the education of respondents in both Arabic and Western Education. For Arabic education, it revealed that of the total officers of the NGO, 53.19 % finished primary, 31.91 % finished Elementary, 10.64 % finished high school, and 4.26 % finished college. For Western Education, 59.57 % graduated high school, 34.04 % finished college, 4.26 % graduated elementary level, and 2.13 % finished the primary level. The educational field has been known as playing a major role in shaping contemporary society, mainly because it allows conceptualizing people’s surroundings as well as their interactions with those surroundings. Non – Governmental Organizations NGO (both transnational and national), and agents of civil society (many of which belong to the aforementioned (Rio, 1992). As to weekly financial support, 51.06 % were extend 600 – 1,500 support to the organization, 36.17 % extend 1,600 – 2,500, 4.26 % extend 2,600 – 3,500 and below 500, and 2.16 % of them extend 3,600 above. Finance weekly, we bring you the economic forecasts, information about trade in competitive markets and rising fuel prices, as well as tax policy and economic growth, etc. (Kesavayuth, Rosenman, & Zikos, 2016). CONCLUSIONS Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions were drawn: Non-Government Organizations fully practiced their respective activities like relational dimension, peace building agents, and communication, and consultation. Moreover, they also fully conducted and initiated different activities like training, organizing, and organized public demonstration. 252 JPAIR Multidisciplinary Research Socio-demographic profile of the offices significantly affects the peace building process, such as training, organizing, and organized public demonstrations with age and civil status as best predictors. Furthermore, the different practices of the NGO significantly contributed to peace building process where the relational dimension as the best predictor. TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH When talking about the importance of NGOs in society, one must keep in mind that the NGOs are doing what has not been completed. In other words, they are trying to complete all those things that matter the most in society. These NGOs are providing healthcare services, clothing, shelter, education, etc. if NGOs exist, then this means that these fields need improvement. So, in other words, NGOs serve for the betterment of society. NGOs promote peace and building, so let us promote peace in our community, and it would start in our home. LITERATURE CITED Dilangalen, A. K., & Adam, Z. M. (2018). Economic Viability And Ecological Friendliness Of Madrasah Educational Institution In Region Xii, Philippines. PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences, 4(3). Retrieved from https://dx.doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2019.43.813820 Kesavayuth, D., Rosenman, R. E., & Zikos, V. (2016). Retirement, Personality, and Well‐Being. Economic Inquiry, 54(2), 733-750. Retrieved from https:// doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12307 Morrison, L., Nicolaisen, N., Kanen, A., Calibuso, T., & Brown, S. (2007, March). Implications of menstrual suppression on health, immune function, and sexuality. In American Journal Of Human Biology (Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 268-268). Div John Wiley & Sons Inc, 111 River St, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA: Wiley-Liss. Retrieved from http://bit.ly/2MFEYGz Rio (1992). The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development. Retrieved from http://www.unesco.org/education/pdf/RIO_E.PDF https://dx.doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2019.43.813820 https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12307 https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12307 http://bit.ly/2MFEYGz http://www.unesco.org/education/pdf/RIO_E.PDF 253 International Peer Reviewed Journal Wulf, H. (2009). The role of regional organizations in conflict prevention and resolution.  Still under construction: Regional organizations’ capacities for conflict prevention, 5-19. Retrieved from http://bit.ly/2OtqpHf http://bit.ly/2OtqpHf