Jurnal Ekonomi & Studi Pembangunan Volume 23 No 2, October 2022
Article Type: Research Paper
Does Technopark Play a Role in Local
Economic Development? Case Study in
Samosir Regency
Agisa Kuntias*, Tanti Novianti, and Anna Fariyanti
Abstract: Local economic development is one of the development policies that is
considered appropriate and strategic in the context of regional development in
Indonesia by optimally utilizing local resources. In line with this concept, the
Government of Samosir Regency established a technopark as a centre for
innovation based on inland fishery resources to encourage local economic activities
for the community. The purpose of this study is to examine the strategy of the local
government of Samosir Regency in developing the local economy through
technopark based on inland fishery resources. The analytical tool used by the
Analytical Network Process (ANP) includes analysis of aspects of factors, problems,
solutions, and alternative strategies. Based on the results of the ANP analysis, the
collaboration factor is the most influencing factor in strategy development.
Meanwhile, in the problem aspect, the problem of limited infrastructure, low
public interest and weak commitment, are the main problems that need to be
resolved, so that the solution aspect becomes a priority is building trust between
stakeholders, allocation of financing for infrastructure and socialization of coaching
programs to the community. The formulation of the main strategy for local
economic development through the development of technoparks based on the
results of the ANP analysis is to build multi-stakeholder synergy to support local
economic development in Samosir Regency.
Keywords: Local Economic Development; Technopark; ANP
JEL Classification: O10; Q55
Introduction
In line with the implementation of regional autonomy and fiscal
decentralization, the role of local governments in pursuing regional
competitiveness has become crucial and strategic. An area is very
important to have competitiveness for several reasons, including; (1) for
investment, attracting foreign private capital and public capital; (2) for the
workforce, encouraging a skilled and creative workforce, creating a
conducive environment and providing for the domestic labour market; (3)
for technology, attracting innovation activities and knowledge transfer
(Awan et al., 2021; Sabirov, 2021; Song et al., 2021). Therefore, regional
competitiveness is the key to increasing the national economic growth rate,
thus requiring special attention to create a good investment climate
nationally (Kiseľáková et al., 2019; Wilson, 2019).
AFFILIATION:
Department of Agribusiness,
Faculty of Economics and
Management, Bogor Agricultural
University, West Java, Indonesia
*CORRESPONDENCE:
agisakuntias1@gmail.com
THIS ARTICLE IS AVALILABLE IN:
http://journal.umy.ac.id/index.php/esp
DOI: 10.18196/jesp.v23i2.15799
CITATION:
Kuntias, A., Novianti, T., &
Fariyanti, A. (2022). Does
Technopark Play a Role in Local
Economic Development? Case
Study in Samosir Regency. Jurnal
Ekonomi & Studi Pembangunan,
23(2), 289-307.
ARTICLE HISTORY
Received:
09 Aug 2022
Revised:
27 Oct 2022
Accepted:
29 Nov 2022
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https://agribisnis.ipb.ac.id/
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https://agribisnis.ipb.ac.id/
mailto:agisakuntias1@gmail.com
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In addition, efforts to increase regional competitiveness can be carried out through
regional economic development by utilizing the potential possessed by each region
(Rochwulaningsih et al., 2019). Economic development in each region can be interpreted
as the process of local governments and their communities utilizing some of the existing
local resources and is expected to increase development (Magdalena & Suhatman, 2020).
This process elevates the significance of the local economy's growth because it can be
used to create new opportunities or jobs and foster growth (Ferronato et al., 2019; Khan
et al., 2020; Schroeder et al., 2018).
In the context of regional development in Indonesia and in anticipation of the free trade
period, one of the pertinent and strategic development policies is local economic
development. Local economic development policies are essentially regional development
policies based on the development of sectors that are the highest priority for economic
activities in local communities. (Suriyankietkaew & Nimsai, 2021).
The application of local economic development policies that emphasize optimizing local
resources needs to be implemented in Samosir Regency, especially regarding fishery
resources. Samosir Regency is one of the 8 (eight) regencies surrounding Lake Toba with
an area of lake waters of 624.80 km2 of the total area of Lake Toba, which is 110,260 km2,
so it has great potential in the development of Lake Toba aquaculture. Lake Toba is the
largest lake in Indonesia and holds enormous fishery resource potential. One of Lake
Toba's most developed economic activities is the cultivation of tilapia. The economic
turnover of aquaculture, especially tilapia, can reach up to Rp. 5 trillion per year. The
tilapia export from Lake Toba also contributes 21% to the Gross Regional Domestic
Product in the Lake Toba region. It is considered much larger than the contribution of
other sectors. Based on data from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) for 2021, the
export volume of tilapia in 2020 reached 12.29 thousand tons with an export value of 1.5
trillion Rupiah. North Sumatra is the most significant contributor to tilapia exports, which
is around 95%. (Prambadi, 2021).
Figure 1 Picture of Samosir Area
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Based on Figure 1. Samosir Regency is rich in potential natural resources, especially water
resources, where most of the area is water. The de facto area of Samosir Regency includes
Samosir Island, which Lake Toba surrounds, plus part of the mainland of Sumatra Island.
The area is 2,069.05 km2, with a land area of around 1,444.25 km2 (various topography
and land contours, namely flat, sloping, sloping, and steep). The fishery potential of
Samosir Regency is huge, but its management is not optimal. For example, the Fish Seed
Center (BBI), which the Samosir Regency Government established to produce superior
fish seeds for the cultivating community, can only supply 15 percent of the total fish seed
needs. In addition, Samosir requires 100,000 fish seeds per day for the needs of fish
farmers in Samosir, so the needs for fish seeds must be supplied from other areas such as
Pematang Siantar and Simalungun, and this results in high transportation costs (Sijabat,
2018).
Based on data from the BPS of Samosir Regency, the role of the Agriculture, Fisheries,
Livestock, and Forestry Plantations sector in forming Samosir Regency's GRDP reaches
more than 50%. This finding shows that these sectors are the majority source of income
that has so far supported the economy of Samosir Regency (LIPI, 2017). Fisheries
businesses in Samosir Regency are generally still managed as household businesses, both
aquaculture and fishing activities. According to the Samosir Regency BPS, until 2013,
aquaculture households in Samosir Regency continued to grow to 362 households
consisting of 231 fish farming households in ponds and 131 floating net cages (KJA) fish
farming households.
Recognizing the problem of the lack of supply of fish seed needs, the Samosir Regency
Government sees the need for a revitalization policy of BBI to maximize BBI production
and achieve the production target of fish seed needs. The revitalization of BBI Samosir
requires technological assistance and experts to optimize fish seed production. Based on
this, the Samosir Regency Government initiated a collaboration with the Indonesian
Institute of Sciences (LIPI) to revitalize BBI Samosir. Through the LIPI Limnology Research
Center, a study was conducted on BBI Samosir, and based on the study results; it was
proposed to build a Technopark Samosir as a centre for research and technology areas in
the waters of Lake Toba. In addition, Samosir Technopark functions to build an integrated
fisheries system and form innovation-based industrial clusters in Samosir Regency.
Technopark Samosir has been operating since 2015, with the initial focus of activities on
developing fisheries and managing aquatic resources in the Lake Toba area.
Samosir is one of the best practises technoparks because it has produced fish hatchery
technology with significant results; however, little is known about Samosir technopark.
Considering that forty percent of Samosir's territory is water, the potential to develop its
fisheries is enormous. In addition to the exceptional future tourism potential of Samosir,
the presence of a technopark can promote the expansion of the tourism industry in
Samosir. (LIPI, 2017)
Previous research that has been carried out includes the study of on the Analysis of
Bureaucratic Innovation in the Technical Implementation Unit (UPT) of Cimahi Techno
Park. The results of this study indicate that the Technopark program in Cimahi City
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significantly impacts efforts to develop the local economy by forming a telematics
industrial area and giving birth to new entrepreneurs based on innovation and technology
(Rokhmat & Paskarina, 2021). Other research related to technoparks in the region,
including those conducted by (Sudiyatno & Wulandari, 2020), examined education and
training programs at Technopark Solo, which can improve the knowledge and skills of
participants consisting of MSME groups and community communities. Meanwhile,
technoparks in various countries have also been proven to encourage a region's economic
growth. Seo (2013) shows that the growth of venture companies in Daedeok Innopolis
(Korea Technopark) significantly impacts the regional economy, and the economic growth
rate is very high.
Polnaya and Darwanto (2015) conducted subsequent research regarding Local Economic
Development to Increase Competitiveness in the Creative Economy SMEs of Batik Bakaran
in Pati, Central Java. This study concludes that based on the Analytical Network Process,
the Local Economic Development Strategy to increase Competitiveness in Batik Creative
SMEs, it is necessary to improve the technology aspect and the quality of human resources
as the main priority for improvement.A Technopark institution requires multi-stakeholder
collaboration, including local Government, academics, the business sector, community,
and media, in implementing the Technopark program (Noori et al., 2020) Every
stakeholder member of the Technopark institution needs to play a role and actively
participate in optimally creating industrial clusters that can be a driver of competitiveness
for the local economy of Samosir. Local economic development is an area/location-based
economic development process carried out through collaboration between the
Government, the community, and the private sector (“market”) to optimise the use of
local resources in order to improve the welfare of the community as a whole (Leigh &
Blakely, 2017) The definition of local economic development in the new paradigm refers
to the synergistic cooperation between the Government, the community, and the
“Market”, which is the key to the success of local economic development. Some research
results also recommend that efforts increase integration, collaboration, coordination, or
participation as part of the synergistic dimension or factor to support the success of local
economic development in several countries (Tello, 2011). The novelty of this research is
to study the Development of Technopark based on water and fisheries resources, where
one of the potential businesses is in the waters sector; Samosir is one of the areas that is
quite good in terms of data based on waters and fisheries income.
This research purpose is expected to provide recommendations for policymakers to
improve the competitiveness of the Samosir Regency and to study about the effectiveness
of technopark making in the Samosir Area. The objectives of this research include: 1)
Identify Technopark Development's impact on local economic development in Samosir
Regency; 2) analyze the form and role of the Multi-stakeholder collaboration in the
Samosir Technopark institution; and 3) formulate a strategy for developing the local
economy of Samosir through the development of marine and fishery resource-based
technoparks.
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Research Method
Data collection and processing time were carried out for three months. The types of
research data are secondary data and primary data. Secondary data were obtained from
documentary studies in the form of reports on the development of Technopark Samosir,
development planning documents originating from LIPI as the academic side, and also the
Samosir Regency Government (LIPI: LIPI Limnology Research Center, Samosir Regency
Government: Samosir Regency Bappeda, Management Organization Samosir Technopark,
BPS Samosir). Primary data were obtained from interviews and filling out questionnaires
through related research informants (Head of Research Center, Researcher involved,
Head of Bappeda and Manager of Samosir Technopark, Head of Farmer Community and
Start-up/MSME Actors. The data in this study amounted to 5 people, this is because the
ANP method only requires a minimum of 2 respondents and is considered an expert in
their field, and already represents the issues raised (Saaty, 2008).
The sample in this study will be taken by purposive sampling. The sample members were
selected based on representatives from the Samosir Government, LIPI researchers,
MSME/Start-up actors, community representatives, and the media. The main objective of
a purposive sample is to produce a sample that can be logically assumed to be
representative of the population (Frey, 2022).
This study's data analysis method consists of three stages, namely descriptive analysis, in
order to determine the impact of technopark development on local economic
development in Samosir Regency. In addition, the analysis method will be used to analyse
the multi-stakeholder collaboration in Technopark Samosir, and the stakeholder analysis
method will be implemented by conducting in-depth interviews with the five involved
stakeholders. Finally, after getting an overview from the descriptive analysis, to formulate
a strategy for local economic development through the development of technoparks, the
ANP (Analytical Network Process) method will be used, by analyzing the assessment
criteria to obtain a set of measurement standards, to then be used as a tool in comparing
various alternatives. ANP uses the rater agreement value. Rater Agreement is a measure
that shows the level of conformity (agreement) of the respondents (R1-Rn) to a problem
in one cluster (Magfiroh et al., 2020). There are some essential differences between AHP
and ANP, as well as explaining the advantages of using the ANP method compared to AHP.
First, the scope of AHP analysis is more limited, while the coverage of ANP is more
comprehensive than AHP. This explanation is because the model framework structure is
in the form of a hierarchy in the AHP, while the ANP is in the form of a more varied
network to reflect problems like the actual situation better. Second, in the hierarchical
structure of AHP, there are only dependencies between lower and higher levels, while in
ANP, the network structure also has feedback. Third, with this feedback, alternatives can
be dependent on criteria, such as on a hierarchy, but can also be dependent on each
other. A sensitivity analysis will also be carried out to see the priority ranking of the types
of policies that have been analyzed (Janeš & Begičević Ređep, 2018).
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Result and Discussion
Benefits of Technopark in Supporting Local Economic Development
According to Leigh & Blakely (2017), the success of local economic development can be
seen from several indicators, namely: first, the expansion of opportunities for small
communities in employment and business opportunities; second, the expansion for the
community to increase income; third, the empowerment of micro and small business
institutions in the production and marketing process; and fourth, institutional
empowerment of partnership networks between the government, the private sector, and
local communities. (Saragih, 2019) says that the LED strategy has two main objectives.
The first is the increase in people's income, and the second is the expansion of local job
opportunities (enhancement of people's income and local job opportunities).
Expanding opportunities for small communities in employment and business
opportunities
BBI, which was initially unable to produce fish seeds optimally when it was revitalized into
a technopark, has provided most of the needs for fish seeds in Samosir Regency. The
community of fishery business groups is now able to buy fish seeds of relatively good
quality.
Figure 2 Growth of Fish Seed Production at BBI Samosir in 2012-2019
Source: Samosir Regent's Presentation (Situmorang, 2020)
As a direct impact of the availability of fish seeds is the emergence of business groups for
fish cultivators (nursing and rearing) fish, fish processing food businesses, and service
businesses providing supporting facilities and infrastructure in Samosir Regency with
direct guidance from the government and academics. Number of business fields were
fostered through the technopark program.
The increasing number of business fields and employment is expected to improve the
community's welfare. For example, one indicator to see the welfare in a region is to look
at the rate of growth of the value of the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) Per
Capita. Boediono (1985) states that economic growth is also related to increased output
per Capita. In table 2, it can be seen the increase in the value of GRDP per Capita in
Samosir Regency from 2014 to 2019; in Figure 3, the graph it can be seen the trend of
increasing the value of GRDP from year to year.
3.000.000
2.000.000
1.000.000
2.500.000
1.200.945
800.249
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
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Table 1 Number of Start-ups and Labor Absorption through the Samosir Technopark
Program Year 2015-2019
Business
fields
Business Unit Name Total
manpower
Post Harvest
Processing
Samandali 45 people
TIC Kopi 3 people
CV 12 Bersaudara 20 people
Roti Ketawa 5 people
Kacang Rondam 4 people
Usaha Kolang-Kaling 10 people
Bawang merah goreng 9 people
Kripik kentang Cinabo, Kripik Pinandar 7 people
Kopi Nature, Kaldera, Sinergi, Siringo-Ringo, Dotashi 18 people
Usaha Buyung Sitakar 41 people
Fish Nursery Aek Sibunga-Bunga,Saroha, Sepakat, Sipinngan Nauli 42 people
Fish
Breeding
Arinta, Idonata Simbolon, Lintong Nihuta, Pardosir, Lundak
Sagala, Melati Tomok
94 people
Total 25 Business Unit 298 people
Source: Samosir Technopark Report Document (Widiyanto et al., 2019)
Table 2 GDRP Per Capita of Samosir Regency on the basis of current prices and on the
basis of constant prices
Year Current Price Constant Price
Value Value
2014 23 061,59 19 234, 57
2015 25 396,80 20 226, 18
2016 27 655,31 21 171, 50
2017 29 987,13 22 197, 19
2018 32 469,66 23 301, 47
2019 35 152,68 24 562, 77
Source: Samosir district statistical center (Widiyanto et al, 2019)
Figure 3 GDRP Per Capita of Samosir Regency pn the basis of current prices and
on the basis of constant prices (BPS Samosir Regency, 2020)
The GDP per capita of Samosir Regency grew by 40.80 percent in the last five years.
Meanwhile, when viewed from the calculation based on 2010 constant prices, namely by
eliminating the effect of price increases (inflation), during the 2014-2018 period, there
Rp40.000,00
Rp30.000,00
Rp20.000,00
Rp10.000,00
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
ADH ADHK
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was also an increase. Samosir Regency's per capita GRDP at constant prices in 2018
reached 23.30 million rupiahs. Average growth of 5.0 percent in the last five years (BPS
Samosir Regency, 2020).
Expansion for Communities to Increase Income
Based on the results of research on the fish breeding process in Samosir, To increase the
income of the Samosir community in the fisheries sector, academics suggested to the local
government that the government change the Regional Regulation (Perda) on the sale of
fish seeds which initially, fish farmers were only allowed to sell seeds with a size of 9- 12
cm for Rp. 250 per head. After further FGDs were carried out between academics,
government, and fish farming groups in Samosir, a new regulation was made in the
Regional Regulation that farmers may sell fish seeds of 3 (three) sizes, namely 2-3 cm (Rp.
100/head), 3 -5 cm (Rp. 200/head) and 5-7 cm (Rp. 300/head). This finding impacts the
addition of fish farming business segmentation so that the velocity of money in fish seed
sales transactions is fast. Communities involved in fishing also increase because of more
significant and faster profits. This condition also causes market demand for fish seeds to
be fulfilled more quickly.
Empowerment of Micro and Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the Production
and Marketing Process as well as partnership networks between the government,
private sector, and local communities.
The empowerment of MSMEs is carried out with guidance related to PIRT (Home Industry
Company) licensing. This finding impacts the marketing process with a broader reach in
one district. In 2017 processed agricultural products that have received a PIRT number
are only 1 product. With the guidance from BP POM and the North Sumatra Provincial
MUI, in collaboration with the Samosir Technopark and the Samosir Regency Manpower,
Cooperative, and UMKM Office, in 2018, the PIRT permit increased to 8 processed
products. Then in 2019, the PIRT permits increased to 30 MSME products.
Meanwhile, on indicators of the cooperation network that has been built, partnerships
have been carried out with local Universities and Fisheries Vocational Schools. Several
collaborated universities include Medan State University, Agricultural Vocational High
School, Nomensen University, and North Sumatra University. Until now, the Technopark
Samsosir model has several tools for relatively complete water quality analysis. It is hoped
that the Samosir Technopark Model can also open networks with other related
institutions, in this case significantly increasing collaboration networks with industrial
groups, local entrepreneurs, hotels, communities, and local media.
Stakeholder Analysis at Technopark Samosir
Harmonization, empowerment, and partnership networks between actors (Government,
Local Government, business, communities, and universities) are essential principles and
steps in developing the local economy (Coffey & Polese, 1984; Esteves et al., 2021; Roxas
et al., 2020; Yasir et al., 2021). A technopark institution requires multi-stakeholder
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collaboration, including local Government, academics, business sector, community, and
media, in implementing the technopark program. This finding is in line with the concept
of local economic development, which emphasizes the process of area/location-based
economic development through collaboration between the Government, the community,
and the private sector (“market”) to optimize the use of local resources to improve the
welfare of the community as a whole (Blakely, 2002). Therefore, a stakeholder analysis is
needed to realize a local economic development strategy.
To know the role of each stakeholder, in the Technopark institution, 5 (five) stakeholders
are involved in the management of Technopark, including the Samosir district
government, academia, the business sector/MSMEs, the community, and the media.
According to Schmeer (1999), stakeholders in a process are actors (individuals, groups, or
institutions) who have an interest in a policy or program that will be or is being
implemented. Based on the results of analysis, observation, and in-depth interviews, the
role of each actor in the collaborative management of technoparks can be seen in the
following table:
Table 3 Identification of Stakeholders at Technopark Samosir
No Actor agency Role in Institutions
Technopark
1 Regional
Government
of Samosir .
Regency
Regional Development Planning
Agency (BAPPEDA); Regional
Secretary (Sekda); Department of
Agriculture, Fisheries, and
Livestock; Office of Cooperatives
and Small Business;
Budget provider
Provider of infrastructure, facilities,
infrastructure
Facilitating and coordinating the
implementation of the technopark
program
2 Academics LIPI Researcher Technology provider
Provider of professional staff
Guidance, training and coaching
3 Business
Sector
Start ups/Starting Companies;
MSMEs; field entrepreneur
aquaculture
technology user
mentoring, training and coaching
participants
4 (MSME) Farmers technology user
mentoring, training and coaching
participants
5 Community local newspapers; PR
Samosir Regency Government;
LIPI Public Relations
Technopark program news
Based on the results of stakeholder identification in table 3, it can be seen that there are
five stakeholders connected to the technopark institution. For local government actors,
the role that has been carried out has been exceptionally well carried out, by being the
driving force, both in terms of initiating technopark development, providing budget, and
also a facilitator in implementing the technopark program, likewise, in terms of academics
as a technology provider and community development and training. However, when
viewed from the side of other actors, namely, the business sector, the community, and
the media, the roles of the three actors are still passive. In a collaboration forum, the
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interaction between actors is essential because it benefits the region in solving local
problems, formulating regional development, facilitating decision-making, and
strengthening networks and system innovation. (Supriyadi, 2012). The business sector, in
this case, startups and MSMEs, is only a technology user. This improvement causes the
development of startups and SMEs to be slower. Supposedly, the business sector needs
to be involved in providing input and planning, especially in the technology development
process. This result is as expressed by Fukuyama (1995). An interactive planning process
can help generate independent behaviour, mutualistic schemes, and trust as a 'radius of
trust.
Local forums need to be built as the basis for the collective activities of several community
members (ABGC) who are bound together and think together to contribute to each other.
Local forums are small communities responsible for advancing the region and encouraging
local economic activities. (Supriyadi, 2012). Cooperation with many industries also helps
create industrial clusters that can significantly assist in developing local economies based
on regional potential. In addition, from the community side, community leaders and
leaders need to be actively involved in the management of technoparks so that they can
attract many people to be active in technopark programs. The media, in this case, is
expected not only to play a role in reporting on the technopark program, but the emphasis
on the role of the media is to assist in the marketing process of technopark products.
Strategy Formulation
The strategy formulation in this study will use the ANP method. The ANP method requires
a decision analysis process by grouping criteria before deciding on a choice from various
alternatives. The flow of research and grouping that is trying to be built starts from
mapping the problem, recommending solutions, and developing program strategies. Each
input variable is sourced from the literature review, results of the FGD, and interview
process with the respondents. Based on this, the mapping of criteria/sub-criteria or
alternatives in this study can be seen in the following ANP network.
In implementing problem-solving, ANP relies on existing alternatives and criteria. Saaty
(2008) also explained the technical analysis of ANP by pairwise comparisons of project
alternatives and criteria. The preparation of the strategy in this study will use the ANP
method. The ANP method requires a decision analysis process by grouping criteria before
deciding on a choice from the various alternatives. Criteria show the problem definition
in a concrete form and are sometimes considered as goals to be achieved. Analysis of the
assessment criteria is carried out to obtain a set of measurement standards, to then be
used to compare various alternatives. Therefore, to obtain a local economic development
strategy through technopark development, it is necessary to map problems, solutions,
and alternatives to produce a model that represents the interrelationships between
criteria/sub-criteria or alternatives so that the selection of the most appropriate strategy
is obtained. The research flow and groupings that are trying to be built starting from
mapping the problems, recommending solutions, and program development strategies.
Each variable input is sourced from literature reviews, FGD results, and in-depth
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interviews with the respondents. Based on this, the mapping of criteria/sub-criteria or
alternatives in this study can be seen in Figure 4.
Figure 4 ANP Network Structure
Determination of the intensity value of the interest of the technopark expert respondents
for each linkage in the pairwise comparison questionnaire was carried out using the help
of Ms. software. Excel 2013. Determination of the priority vector, consistency ratio (CR),
unweighted Supermatrix, weighted Supermatrix, limiting matrix, and normalization of the
limiting matrix is done with the help of Super Decision software. After all pairwise
comparison values are entered, the unweighted, weighted, and limit matrices are
obtained. The value on the limit matrix is a priority value that shows the weight of each
sub-criteria. Reducing or adding criteria or sub-criteria will significantly affect the
Figure 4. ANP Network Structure
LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY THROUGH TECHNOPARK
BASED ON INLAND FISHERY RESOURCE IN SAMOSIR REGENCY
Institutional Human Resources Collaboration
- Non-Representative
Technopark Structure
Membership
- Unclear regulatory basis
- Lack of infrastructure
maintenance and limited
business incubator
infrastructure
- Limited professional staff for
technopark management
- There is still a low public
interest in coaching and
training programs
- Lack of dialogue between
stakeholders
- There is no forum for coordination
between stakeholders
- Weak commitment in the
collaboration process between
stakeholders
- Forming a more
representative
Technopark structure
membership
- Setting the groundwork
for technopark
regulations
- Maintenance of
infrastructure according
to standards and addition
of infrastructure facilities
- Professional staff
recruitment and intensive
training
- Dissemination of training
and coaching programs
that target the needs and
problems of the
community
- Conduct periodic dialogues/FGDs
between stakeholders, led by the
Samosir Regency Government
- Establish a communication
platform and coordination path
within the Samosir Technopark
institution
- Build trust between stakeholders
in the collaborative process to
realize sustainable commitments
Strengthening the
Samosir Technopark
institution with a
strong legal basis and
a Technopark
membership
structure that
accommodates all
stakeholders
Searching for other
legitimate sources
of financing to fund
infrastructure
maintenance and
the provision of
adequate
infrastructure
Build the capacity of
Technopark managers to be
able to provide the best training
and coaching for the community
so that they can increase social
capital in the form of trust and
increase public interest in being
involved in technopark
programs
Building multi-
stakeholder synergy
in the success of the
technopark program
to support the
development of the
local economy of
Samosir
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weighting results. Three supermatrixes are formed: unweighted Supermatrix, weighted
Supermatrix, and limit Supermatrix. The effect of Supermatrix on research results:
Unweighted Supermatrix: In an unweighted supermatrix, two things can be seen, namely
whether or not there is an influence interaction between sub-criteria and how significant
the effect is. The value in the unweighted matrix will be 1 in each cluster.
Weighted Supermatrix: Comparison of the value of the effect of one sub-criteria on other
sub-criteria in the weighted Supermatrix is not different from the value in the unweighted
Supermatrix
Limit matrix: The limiting supermatrix cell value is obtained from the exponential results
of each cell value in the unweighted Supermatrix with each cell value of its own. The value
on the limiting Supermatrix is the value of the results of ANP processing as the basis for
determining priority criteria and strategies for local economic development through
technopark development.
Factors Influencing Local Economic Development Strategy through Technopark
Development
According to Bangsa (2019), the institutional factor of a Techno Park is one of the keys to
the success of creating technology-based innovations in the region. According to Sanz in
Anttiroiko (2004), a Technology Park or Science Park must be managed by a professional
team. Furthermore, Sanz said that collaboration factors are needed in a technopark to
create a good and permanent network system between various actors. Based on the
opinion of the respondents who were processed in the super decision application, each
factor has a different geometric mean (GMK). Of the three factors, the greatest GMK value
is the collaboration factor of 0.53961. It identifies that the most influential factor in the
local economic development strategy through technopark development is the
collaboration factor between stakeholders. Meanwhile, the HR factor is the second
priority factor with a GMK value of 0.29696, and the smallest GMK value is the
institutional factor with a value of 0.16342. The limit of the inconsistency value used in
this study is a maximum of 0.10. The inconsistency value resulting from the assessment
data on the factor aspect is 0.00885, so it can be concluded that the assessment process
is quite consistent. The W value generated from the rater agreement calculation
mechanism is 0.48, which means that 48% of respondents agree that the collaboration
factor is a priority factor in the local economic development strategy through the
development of technoparks in the Samosir Regency.
Problem Aspect Analysis
Based on the results of the ANP analysis on the super decision, the priority problems in
the local economic development strategy through the development of technoparks on
the institutional aspect are the problem of infrastructure limitations with a geomean
value of 0.42857. In the HR aspect, the problem of low public interest in coaching and
training programs is a priority problem in HR that must be resolved with a geomean value
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of 0.66666. Meanwhile, in collaboration, the problem of weak commitment between
stakeholders is the main problem, with a geomean value of 0.68334. Collaboration
between stakeholders is the key to the successful implementation of the program in
technoparks. According to Bangsa (2019), the stakeholders of a technopark are the
government (usually local governments), the research community (academics), and the
business and financial communities. Stakeholders work together to integrate the use and
utilization of commercial buildings, research facilities, and conference centres into hotels.
The inconsistency value in the problem selection criteria is 002365, still below 0.1,
indicating that the respondent's assessment process is relatively consistent.
Solution Aspect Analysis
Based on the data processing that has been carried out, the main priority for institutional
solutions is the procurement and maintenance of infrastructure according to standards
and the addition of infrastructure facilities with a geomean value of 0.44862. As for the
solution for determining the legal basis for technoparks, it ranks second, with a geomean
value that is not much different, namely 0.40852, and the third is technopark managers
who are not only filled by the local government but also representatives of relevant
stakeholders, get a geomean value of 0, 14286. Meanwhile, the main priority for HR
solutions is the socialization of training and coaching programs that target the needs and
problems of the community with geomean values of 0,66663. As for the solution for
recruiting professionals, it ranks second, with a geomean value of 0.33337. In
collaboration solutions, the main priority is building trust between stakeholders in the
collaboration process with a geomean value of 0.68344. As for the solution to build a
communication container, it ranks second, with a geomean value of 0, 19981, and a
solution for periodic FGD implementation ranks third with a geomean value of 0.11685.
Table 4 Priority Problems and Solution Processed Results Super Decision Application
No Problem Value No Solution Value
1 Infrastructure limitations 0.42857 1 Establishing the legal
basis
0.42857
2 membership is not
representative
0.14286 2 infrastructure
maintenance
0.42857
3 unclear rules 0.42857 3 Representative structure 0.14286
4 lack of dialogue 0.11685 4 FGD 0.11685
5 lack of commitment 0.68334 5 Trust between
stakeholders
0.68334
6 no communication
platform
0.19881 6 Forming a
communication platform
0.19981
7 low interest in coaching
and training
0.66667 7 Employee recruitment 0.33333
8 limited professional staff 0.33333 8 Socialization 0.66667
Source: Researcher Analysis Result Based on Superdecision App
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Strategy Priority
Based on Figure 4 The final stage in grouping the ANP network is the selection of local
economic development strategies through the development of marine and fishery
resource-based technoparks in the Samosir Regency. The strategy formulation started
with an analysis of the literature review and the interview process with the respondents.
Based on the data processing results using the ANP method, the main priority of the
strategy is to build multi-stakeholder synergy in the success of the technopark program
to support local economic development in Samosir with a geometric mean value of
0.46730. These results indicate that the synergy between actors is the key to the success
of local economic development.
Several studies explain the need for synergies between actor activities and policy
synergies with the instruments used are resource mobilization, network areas, clusters,
formal and informal associations, and are community-driven on the concept of local
economic development (Atkočiūnienė & Vaznonienė, 2019; Iwara & Kilonzo, 2022;
Nordberg et al., 2020)
The second strategic priority is the search for other legitimate sources of financing to fund
infrastructure maintenance and the provision of adequate infrastructure with a geometric
mean value of 0.27718. The third strategic priority is to build the capacity of Technopark
managers to provide the best training and coaching for the community, to increase social
capital in the form of trust, and increase public interest in being involved in technopark
programs with a geometric mean value of 0.16009 This is in line with one of the studies
which revealed that to build a technopark, capable human resources are needed (Wolniak
et al., 2019). The fourth priority is strengthening the Samosir Technopark institution with
a solid legal basis and a Technopark membership structure that accommodates all
stakeholders. The inconsistency value in the respondent's answer is 0.0160, still below
0.1, which means that the respondent's answer is consistent. The W value obtained from
the rater agreement formula calculation is 0.47. Therefore, the respondent's level of
agreement on the priority strategy is 47 percent. Strengthening institutions based on the
law will create structural clarity in technoparks, so they can maximize output due to a
good chain of command (Böyükaslan & Özkara, 2022).
Figure 5 Priority of Local Economic Development Strategy through Technopark in
Samosir Regency based on Superdecision App
Capacity
Base
Financing
Synergy
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Sensitivity Analysis
Figure 6 Sensitivity Analysis based on Superdecision App
Sensitivity analysis was carried out using Super Decisions software by changing the weight
value of the criteria on the tested alternatives. In this test, changing the value of the
weight of the requirements on the other options tested will affect the results of the actual
ranking or not. If there is a point where there is a change in ranking/priority, then that
point is called the critical point of an alternative. From the sensitivity analysis results of
the sub-criteria, changes in the weight of the sub-criteria will affect the decision
recommendations. However, the dominant change in weight recommends multi-
stakeholder synergy compared to the legal basis and management capacity.
The primary/critical criterion that gets the highest priority in selecting an alternative Local
Economic Development Strategy through Aquatic and Fishery Resources-Based
Technopark Development in Samosir Regency is the criterion of building technopark
stakeholder synergy with a priority weight value of 0.46730. Sequentially the criteria for
determining the Local Economic Development Strategy through the Development of
Aquatic and Fishery Resources-Based Technoparks in Samosir Regency are the search for
other sources of financing/sponsorship. Moreover, building the capacity of technopark
managers, the smallest priority weighting is the adjustment of the legal basis in
establishing the Samosir Technopark.
Conclusion
The technopark program supporting local economic development in Samosir Regency,
including expanding employment, increasing income, increasing welfare, and helping to
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empower micro, small and medium institutions in Samosir Regency. Constraints currently
being faced include the development of business units being fostered. Only a few units
can still run. They are facing problems with capital, infrastructure capacity, and
infrastructure facilities at technopark business incubation centers that need to be
improved, hindering startup companies from developing.
Based on the results of the stakeholder analysis, the roles of the three actors, namely the
business sector, the community, and the media, are still seen as passive in the institutional
implementation of the technopark program. Based on Analytical Network Process, The
primary strategy formulation in local economic development through technopark
includes building multi-stakeholder synergy in the success of the technopark program to
support Samosir's local economic development.
The policy implication can be inferred based on the mapping of factors, problems, and
solutions in technopark institutions, as well as stakeholder analysis on the Samosir
technopark institutional model, the collaboration between stakeholders is a priority that
must be considered. For example, the Samosir Regency Government needs to actively
involve the business sector, the community, and the media in designing the technopark
program and procuring technology for the management of technopark management. The
synergy between stakeholders is expected to create industrial clusters and value chains
from Technopark Samosir so that they can significantly assist in developing the local
economy based on regional potential.
The weakness of this research is the lack of output of the Samosir technopark, for
example, the lack of value chain analysis because the technopark industry cluster itself
has not yet been formed. Future research is expected to conduct research on technoparks
with areas similar to Samosir to improve aquaculture based on technoparks.
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