http://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JNERS | 553 Jurnal Ners Vol. 15, No. 2, Special Issue 2020 http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jn.v15i2(si).20536 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Original Research The Relationship between Parenting Style and Sexual Behavior before Marriage in Teenagers Zubaidah Zubaidah, Insana Maria, and Rusdiana Rusdiana STIKES Intan Martapura, South Borneo, Indonesia ABSTRACT Introduction: The purpose of this study was to learn about the relationship between parent style and sexual behavior before marriage among the teenagers in SMKN 3 Banjarbaru. Methods: The design of this study was analytical with a cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of 810 teen classes X, XI, XII with the sample totaling as many as 226 teen classes X and XII in SMKN 3 Banjarbaru. The sample was determined using a stratified random sampling technique. The independent variable was parenting style and the dependent variable was sexual behavior before marriage. The data was collected using a questionnaire. The analysis was done using Spearman Rho. Results: Sex before marriage is a bad behavior. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between the parenting style used and sex before marriage in terms of the behavior of teenagers in SMKN 3 Banjarbaru. ARTICLE HISTORY Received: Feb 27, 2020 Accepted: April 1, 2020 KEYWORDS premarital sex; parenting; teens CONTACT Insana Maria  maria.insana82@gmail.com  STIKES Intan Martapura, South Borneo, Indonesia Cite this as: Zubaidah, Z., Maria,I., & Rusdiana, R. (2020). The Relationship between Parenting Style and Sexual Behavior before Marriage in Teenagers. Jurnal Ners, Special Issues, 553-556. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jn.v15i2(si).20536 INTRODUCTION Modernization has brought in shifts in the social norms, especially those of adolescents, including their sexual behavior (Nurmala, Ahiyanasari, Wulandari, & Pertiwi, 2019). Premarital sexual behavior is a common behavior in adolescence (Pradanie, Armini, & Untari, 2020). The high curiosity of adolescents about human sexual life makes them look for information about sex, whether it is through books, films or pictures that are done clandestinely. This is done by adolescents due to a lack of dialogic communication between adolescents and adults, both parents and teachers, about sexual problems. Most people still consider it taboo to discuss sexual problems in daily life (Kusmiran, 2011). Sexual behavior among teenagers tends to have a negative connotation, even though it naturally has many different meanings. Sexual behavior is a behavior that aims to attract the attention of the opposite sex. Examples include dressing up, rolling the eyes, seducing, teasing and whistling. Sexual activity is an activity that is carried out in an effort to fulfill a sexual urge or it is an activity to get pleasure or sexual activity. Examples of sexual behavior include fantasizing, menstruating, kissing on the cheeks, kissing on the lips, petting and having sex. The parents often complain because there is no sense of responsibility. It is difficult to expect that the parents are responsible for their children's sexual behavior. Parenting style refers to certain parenting patterns. The use of parenting contributes to the development of the social behavior of children. Parenting is influenced by two factors, namely the internal and external factors (Adawiyyah, 2016). According to the data from the World Health Organization (WHO), 41% of the 208 pregnancies worldwide are unplanned. As many as 11% of this number were births to women aged 15-19 years old. This shows that in a year there were 16 million pregnancies to adolescent girls. In Indonesia, a survey conducted by the Indonesian Child Protection Committee (KPAI) and the Ministry of Health, (Ministry of Health) in October 2013 explained that around 62.7% of adolescents in Indonesia have had sex outside of marriage. In addition, 20% of 94,270 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ZUBAIDAH ET AL. 554 | pISSN: 1858-3598  eISSN: 2502-5791 women who become pregnant out of wedlock were adolescents and 21% have had an abortion. For the cases of HIV infection within a span of 3 months, as many as 10,203 cases, 30%, were teenagers. The Head of the National Population and Family Planning Agency (BKKBN), Surya Chandra Surapaty, on April 5th 2015 revealed that the pregnancy rate among Indonesian teenagers was quite high at 48 out of 1000 teenagers. Early marriage was equal to 38 per 1000 teenagers. In Semarang, Central Java, nearly 50% of teenagers have engaged in premarital sexual intercourse between the ages of 10-15 years old (Handayani, Wiranti, & Raharjo, 2019). Based on the research by (Darmasih, 2009), the forms of premarital sexual behavior of high school adolescents in Surakarta involved kissing on the lips for as many as 93 people (81.6%), masturbating for as many as 23 people (20.2%), watching porn videos for as many as 101 people (88.6%) and sexual relations for 5.2%. A strong relationship between the children’s school achievements and parenting style was associated with a higher level of [X]. (Kiran, 2017). The parenting style impacts on the family life cycle and the development processes of the family members. Masoumeh Fallah (2018) provided evidence for there being a positive relationship between parental religiosity and adaptive parenting qualities. This is because limited parenting measures are often focused on a narrow aspect of parenting, such as spanking, hugging or corporal punishment (Duriez, Soenens, Neyrinck, & Vansteenkiste, 2009). MATERIALS AND METHODS This research was analytical and it used a cross- sectional approach. The research sample was taken using the stratified random sampling technique. The data collected consisted of both primary and secondary data. This was carried out by directly surveying the respondents using a questionnaire. The questionnaire was used to provide answers about the premarital sexual behavior of adolescents in SMKN 3 Banjarbaru. In this study, the subjects of the study were 226 X and XII students in SMKN 3 Banjarbaru. The research variables consisted of the dependent variable of premarital sex behavior and the independent variable of parenting style. The research was conducted at SMKN 3 Banjarbaru. RESULTS The results of the study are based on the responses of the 226 teens in classes X and XII. The results of the questionnaire include the respondent characteristic data, univariate data and bivariate data. The data on the characteristics of gender showed that the respondents were predominantly female at 51%. The last education held by the teenager’s parents was that of Senior High School for 52,2%. The data obtained from the adolescents about premarital sex showed that they learnt through the internet for 60.2%, from their friends for 46.4%, through health worker-based information obtained from their girlfriends for 8.8% .46.4%, through television for 44.8%, through their teachers for 41.4%, from their parents for 30.4%, through newspapers or magazines for 16%, through their siblings for 13.8% and through the radio for 9.9%. The least effective parenting style applied by the parents of the adolescents of class X and XII in SMKN 3 Banjarbaru was authoritarian parenting for as many as 188 respondents (83.2%). Democratic parenting was experienced by as many as 25 respondents (11%) and permissive parenting was experienced by as many as 13 respondents (5.8%). The relationship between parenting style and premarital sexual behavior among the adolescents in Table 1. Characteristics of the Respondents at SMKN 3 Banjarbaru Characteristics n % Gender Female 114 51 Male 112 49 Total 226 100 Education Non-educated 1 0,4 Elementary School 45 19,9 Junior High School 32 14,2 Senior High School 118 52,2 Diploma I/II/III 6 2,7 Bachelor’s 24 10,6 Total 226 100 Education Level of the Parents No School 1 0,4 Elementary School 45 19,9 Junior High School 32 14,2 Senior High School 118 52,2 Diploma I/II/III 6 2,7 Bachelor’s 24 10,6 Total 226 100 Information Sources Never 181 80,1 Ever 45 19,9 Total 226 100 JURNAL NERS http://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JNERS | 555 SMKN 3 Banjarbaru shows that authoritarian parenting was used by 188 people (83.2%). Good behavior was found in 152 respondents (67.3%) and 36 people behaved badly (15.9%). The least used parenting style was permissive parenting for as many as 13 people (5.85). Good behavior was observed in 4 respondents (1.8%) while those who behaved badly totaled 9 respondents (4.0%). The Spearman statistical test results showed there to be a significant relationship with a p-value = 0.001. Because the value of p <0.05 (0.001 <0.05), it can be concluded that Ho is rejected. This means that there is a significant relationship between parenting style and the premarital sexual behavior of adolescents at SMKN 3 Banjarbaru. In this study, the results of the Spearman statistical test showed a significant relationship of p = 0.001. Because the value of p <0.05 (0.001 <0.05), it can be concluded that Ho is rejected. This means that there is a significant relationship between parenting style and the premarital sexual behavior of adolescents at SMKN 3 Banjarbaru. DISCUSSION The results for the 226 respondents showed that 178 respondents (78.8%) had good behavior while 48 (21.2%) had bad behavior. From the research, it was found that the forms of premarital sexual behavior engaged in by the respondents include dating by 79.6%, watching porn videos by 67.3%, holding hands with the opposite sex by 89.8%, embracing by 41.2%, masturbation by 21.2%, kissing on the cheeks by 39.8%, kissing on the lips by 23.5%, holding the sensitive areas of the opposite sex by 8.8%, petting by 3.5%, oral sex by 2.7% and intercourse by (premarital sex). The results of this study are in line with the research by Fathul Azmi (2015) which shows that the forms of sexual behavior carried out include going on Table 2. Distribution of the Respondents Based on the Information Sources obtained by the Adolescents Information Frequency Ever % Never % Parent 55 30,4 126 69,6 Teacher 75 41,4 106 58,6 Brother 25 13,8 156 86,2 Friend 84 46,4 97 53,6 Girlfriend 16 8,8 165 91,2 Internet 109 60,2 72 39,8 Television 81 44,8 100 55,2 Radio 18 9,9 163 90,1 Newspapers 29 16 152 84 Health Workers 84 46,4 97 53,6 Table 3. Frequency Distribution of the Respondents Based on the Parenting Style of the Adolescents at SMKN 3 Banjarbaru Parental Parents Frekuensi Persen (%) Demokratis 25 11 Otoriter 188 83,2 Permisif 13 5,8 Total 226 100 Table 4. Frequency Distribution of the Respondents According to the Form of Premarital Sexual Behavior P r e m a r it a l s e x u a l b e h a v io r G ir lf r ie n d W a tc h in g V id o e P r o n o H o ld in g h a n d s H u g g in g O n a n im a s tu rb a ti o n K is s o n C h e e k K is s o n L ip s H o ld s e n s it if a r e a P e tt in g O r a l S e k s S e x u a l r e la ti o n s h ip Never 46 74 23 133 178 136 173 206 218 220 220 Ever 180 152 203 93 48 90 53 20 8 6 6 Jumlah 226 226 226 226 226 226 226 226 226 226 226 Table 5: Relationship Test Results between Parenting Style and Adolescent Premarital Sex Behavior Variable Parenting Style Premarital Sexual Behavior S p e a r m a n 's r h o Parenting Correlation Coefficient 1.000 .223** Sig. (2-tailed) . .001 N 226 226 Premarital Sexual Behavior Correlation Coefficient .223** 1.000 Sig. (2-tailed) .001 . N 226 226 ZUBAIDAH ET AL. 556 | pISSN: 1858-3598  eISSN: 2502-5791 a date, holding hands and cuddling. There are also risky sexual behaviors involved namely kissing on the lips, kissing the neck, touching each other’s intimate parts and having oral sex. Sexual behavior consists of a variety of behaviors that are determined by an interaction of complex factors. Sexual behavior is influenced by one's relationships with others, inclusive of both the environment and the culture that is brought or passed down from the parents where a person lives. This relates to parenting style which is the interaction between the parents and children or adolescents in the internal environment. A child or teenager gets their first form of education from their parents and the formation of their personality traits comes from the family environment(Kusmiran, 2011). There is a significant relationship between the parenting style of the parents with premarital sexual behavior in adolescents at SMKN 3 Banjarbaru. In line with the research of Raja Pieba (Adawiyyah, 2016), this proves that there is a significant relationship between parenting style and adolescent sexual behavior. This is evidenced by the results of the statistical tests that had a p-value = 0.001, which means that p <0.05. It can be concluded that there is a relationship between parenting style and adolescent sexual behavior. One of the causes of sexual behavior in adolescents is the influence of the parenting style experienced. The lack of open communication between the parents and adolescents on sexual issues can lead to deviations in sexual behavior. Passive sex education (without two-way communication) can influence attitudes and behavior. This is because in child sex education, it is not enough to only see and hear the information once or twice. It must be done gradually and continuously. The parents are obliged to correct any incorrect information accompanied by an explanation of the risk of wrong sexual behavior (Darmasih, 2009). During adolescence, the influence of their peers also serves as an important socialization agent. Despite this new understanding of parenting during adolescence, it continues to affect behavior well into adulthood (Hoskins, 2014). Parenting is important in relation to public health. The parenting concept includes parenthood, childcare and the parental role and function (Virasiri, Yunibhand, & Chaiyawat, 2011). CONCLUSION From the results of the research conducted on 226 teenagers in SMKN 3 Banjarbaru, the study was concluded as follows. The parenting that is most often used is authoritarian. Poor or worst pre-marital sexual behavior by the respondents is in the form of holding sensitive areas, petting (holding the genitals), oral sex and claiming to have had intercourse (premarital sex). 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