248 Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan, Volume 4, Nomor 3, Desember 2017, hlm. 248–253 248 THE CORRELATION OF PARENTS’ EDUCATION LEVEL AND CHILD CARE PATTERN OF PRE SCHOOL CHILDREN/ 3 TO 6 YEARS OLD IN RA TARBIYATUSSIBYAN TANJUNG KALIDAWIR TULUNGAGUNG Yeni Kartika Sari, Unifatus Zahro STIKes Patria Husada Blitar email: kartikasariyeni84@gmail.com Abstract: Child care pattern is very important in the development of children, especially in overcoming emotional development. The education level of parents is expected to affect the way parents provide for their children’s upbringing. This study aimed to determine the correlation of parents’ education level and child care pattern of pre-school children in RA Tarbiyatussibyan Tanjung Kalidawir Tulungagung.This research was an observational analytic research with cross sectional approach. The independent variable in this study was the education level of the parents. While the dependent variable was the child care pattern of pre school children. The population in this study was all parents of pre school children that are 86 people. While the sample was all the population who meet the inclusion criteria as much as 72 respon- dents. The data would be analyzed by Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test with significance value of 0.05. Based on the research results obtained value () count of 0.000. Because the value of  <0,05, So it could be concluded that there was a significant correlation of parents’ education level and the child care pattern of pre-school children in RA Tarbiyatussibyan Tanjung Kalidawir Tulungagung. It was suggested to nurse as educator to provide health education about child care pattern and its impact on child growth in pre- school education. Keywords: child care pattern, parental education Parents are the main role takers in raising their children. The occurrence of a relationship crisis involving parents with children is largely due to the discretion of parents in applying parenting to their children. This attitude of parenting is reflected in the child care pattern to different children because parents have certain child care patterns (Galih, 2009). Parental accompaniment is manifested through the way parents educate their children. The way parents educate their children is referred to as a pattern or specific ways that are considered the best for the child. Herein lies some differences in parenting. On the one hand, parents should be able to determine what parenting style is appropriate in considering the needs and situation of the child, on the other hand as a parent also has the desire and hope to form a child into someone who is aspired of better than his parents (Jas & Rahmadiana, 2004). Child care patterns is a pattern of parental behavior applied to children that is relative and consistent from time to time. This pattern of behavior can be felt by children in terms of negative and positive (Drey, 2006). It is a big role in children’s development, especially in overcoming emotional development (Syamsu, 2007). The parent is the teacher or the first person in providing basic care about all the good developments related to the laying of the moral, psychomotor, language, arts and skills foundations of the child. In digging and developing the potential of children since early, can not be separated from the role of parents in giving parenting to their children. Child care patterns that parents give to their children are very different between hp Typewritten text Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan, Volume 4, No. 3, Desember 2017 DOI: 10.26699/jnk.v4i3.ART.p248-253 IT Typewritten text © 2017 Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan IT Typewritten text This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-SA license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ 249Sari, Zahro, The Correlation of Parents’ Education Level... parents one with other parents, both in terms of ways and methods. So the quality of parenting will affect the child differently. How to provide parental pattern to their children not only based on natural factors but also due to background factors education level of their parents. Differences in education that parents have will be seen in the quality of the process of giving parenting. Education owned by parents will affect the readiness of parents in providing parenting. According to Sir Godfrey Thomson (2004), shows that education is defined as the environmental influence of individuals to produce various changes. Such changes may be permanent or permanent in behavioral habits, thoughts, and attitudes. Accor ding to Dr ey (2006), pa renting is commonly applied to children is the pattern of authoritarian parenting, democratic parenting and permissive parenting. In an authoritarian parenting style, parents tend to set an absolute standard to obey. Democratic parenting is a caring parenting that interests children, but does not hesitate to control them. Whereas in the permissive child care pattern, parents provide very loose supervision, giving their children the opportunity to do something without enough supervision from him. One of the phenomenon of social-emotional aspects that arise in children due to less precise parenting is temper tantrums. Temper tantrums are emotional expressions as well as responses to an individual’s internal or external stimulus (Dariyo, 2007). To overcome tempertantrum, parents should have the best parenting strategies that are related to the child’s tantrums so that they do not cause problems of adjustment to the child. (John W Santrock, 2007). Parents are expected to apply positive parenting that is Autoritative. RA Tarbiyatus Sibyan is one of the pre school education located in the village of Tanjung who has the highest number of students in Kalidawir Sub- district in comparison with others. Based on the preliminary survey conducted by researchers through interviews with several teachers obtained the results of 87 students with the age distribution of learners between 3-6 years. Most of the parents’ education is the basic education so that it will affect the pa r enta l pa tter n of child so tha t ea r ly development will gr ea tly a ffect the fur ther development. The behavior of children who often encountered in RA Tarbiyatus Sibyan Tanjung is like fighting, crying until rolling, screaming, or slamming something around him if his wish is not granted his parents as much as ± 35–45%. Based on the above description then the formulation of the problem in this study is how the relationship level of parents education with child care patterns in RA Tarbiyatussibyan Tanjung Kalidawir Tulungagung. The general purpose of this research is to explain the correlation of parent education level with child care pattern in RA Tarbiyatussibyan Tanjung Kalidawir Tulungagung. While the specific objectives are (1) Identify the level of parrent education of students in RA Tarbiyatussibyan Tanjung Kalidawir Tulungagung. (2) To identify the child care pattern in RA Tarbiyatussibyan Tanjung Kalidawir Tulungagung and (3) To analyze the correlation of parents education level with child care pattern in RA Tarbiyatussibyan Tanjung Kalidawir Tulungagung. RESEARCH METHODS The research design used in this research is descriptive correlational with cross sectional approach because this study aims to connect between risk factors with effects by approach, observation at once at one time. Dependent variable in this research is child care pattern. While the independent variable in this study is the level of parrent education. Instrument used in this research are (1) Questionnaire of Foster Pattern which is a standard questionnaire Tracy hogg consisting of 10 items of questions with 3 choices chil care patterns. This questionnaire has been tested for its validity as well as reliability with a (significant level or degr ee of er r or ) 0. 05, n (number of test respondents): 10, and r (valid value in table): 0.632. (2) A general and special data questionnaire containing the ages of parents, age of children, gender, pa r ents’ la st educa tion a nd pa r ent occupa tions. T he da ta wa s collected a t RA Tarbiyatussibyan Tanjung Kalidawir Tulungagung on 17 April 2017. The population in this study were Parents of pre-school age children (3–6 years) who numbered 87 students in RA Tarbiyatussibyan Tanjung Kalidawir Tulungagung. The sample in this study is part of the polls that meet the inclusion criteria, namely (1) Parents who have pre-school age children (3–6 years) in RA Tarbiyatussibyan Tanjung Kalidawir Tulungagung. (2) The child is in good health physically and spiritually. (3) Learners are cared for by biological parents. While the exclusion 250 Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan, Volume 4, Nomor 3, Desember 2017, hlm. 248–253 From the table above known that the most students attending school in RA Tarbiyatussibyan Tanjung Kalidawir Tulungagung is 6 years old as 31 (43,1%). The level of Parent Education From the table above known that most of the parents’ education is (Basic) Junior High as much as 32 people (44.4%). cr iter ia a r e (1) Pa r ents ca n not a ttend (2) Respondents can not complete the questionnaire. So that the respondents in this study were 72 respondents Statistical analysis used in this study is Wilcoxon sign rank test because the data used ordinal scale. RESULT The Age of Students in RA Tarbiyatussibyan Tanjung Kalidawir Tulungagung Ages of students f % 3 years old 1 1,4 4 years old 13 18,1 5 years old 27 37,5 6 years old 31 43,1 Ammount 72 100 Table 1 The distribution of Students Age in RA Tarbi yatussi byan Tanjung K al i dawi r Tulungagung The level of Parent Education f % (Basic) Elementary 9 12,5 (Basic) Junior High 32 44,4 (Middle) Senior High 24 33.3 (High) Diplome 4 5,6 (High) Bachelor 3 4,2 Ammount 72 100 Table 2 The Distribution of the level parent education in RA Tarbiyatussibyan Tanjung Kalidawir Tulungagung The Parrents Employment f % Merchants 2 2,8 Private emplyees 6 8,3 Laborers 7 9,7 Farmers 9 12,5 Housewifes 19 26,4 Others 29 40,3 Ammount 72 100 Table 3 The Distribution of Parrents Employment in RA Tarbiyatussibyan Tanjung Kalidawir Tulungagung From the table above known that most of parents employment is others as 29 people (40.3%) The Child Genders in RA Tarbiyatussibyan Tanjung Kalidawir Tulungagung The Child Genders f % Male 45 62,5 Female 27 37,5 Ammount 72 100 Table 4 The Distribution of Child Genders in RA Tarbi yatussi byan Tanjung K al i dawi r Tulungagung From the table above known that most of genders child in RA Tarbiyatussibyan Tanjung Kalidawir Tulungagung is male as 45 (62.5%). The Child Care Pattern in RA Tarbiyatussibyan Tanjung Kalidawir Tulungagung The Child Care Pattern f % Authoritarian 1 1,4 Permissive 45 62,5 Demokratic 26 36,1 Ammount 72 100 Table 5 The Distribution of Child Care Pattern in RA Tarbi yatussi byan Tanjung K al i dawi r Tulungagung The Parrents Employment in RA Tarbiyatussibyan Tanjung Kalidawir Tulungagung 251Sari, Zahro, The Correlation of Parents’ Education Level... Based on table 5 it can be seen that child care pattern applied by parents is permissive that is 45 people (62,5%), while parents applying authoritarian and democratic parenting have 1 person and 26 people (1.4% and 36 , 1%). Relationship between the Level of Parrental Education with Child Care Pattern of Pre School Children in RA Tarbiyatussibyan Tanjung Kalidawir Tulungagung Basic % Middle % High % f % Authoritharian 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 Permissive 26 36 13 18 6 9 45 63 Democratics 14 20 11 15 1 1 26 36 Ammount 41 57 24 33 7 10 72 100 Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test Signifikansi () 0,000 Table 6 Relationship between the Level of Parrental Education with Child Care Pattern of Pre School Children in RA Tarbiyatussibyan Tanjung Kalidawir Tulungagung Type of chil care pattern Level of Parntal Education Ammount From table 6 above shows that most parents apply permissive parenting as many as 45 people with the highest level of education is basic education that is 41 people (57%). From table 6 above also shows that p of both variables obtained significance value  0,000 meaning that significant significance value because  value <0,05, this matter can be interpreted there is significant relation between between the Level of Parrental Education with Child Care Pattern of Pre School Children in RA Tarbiyatussibyan Tanjung Kalidawir Tulungagung. . DISCUSS According Hurlock (2010) the factors that affect child care pattern is the level of education, employment and economic status. The number of permissive parenting tendencies applied by the respondents because it is influenced by the level of education of most respondents that basic education (elementary and junior high school) as much as 32 people (44.4%). It affects the parenting pattern, because the lower one’s education level, the lower the education level of a person, the lower the knowledge of good parenting. According Hurlock (2010) that parents who have low educational background in parenting generally do not pay attention to the level of development of children. This is because parents who are still lay and do not know the level of child development. Parents usually nurture children in their own style and manner, so it is most likely to use permissive parenting according to the results of the research: 45 mothers (62.5%) use permissive parenting. It is also in the opinion Koenjtaraningrat in Nursalam (2013) that is with higher education then someone will tend to get information both from other people or from mass media. On the other hand, a low level of education will hamper the development and attitudes of a person towards newly introduced values, leading to one’s ignorance of something such as the adoption of good parenting that is democratic. According to Baumrind in Yudrik Jahja (2011), permissive family parenting does not provide the proper structure and boundaries for their children, this child care pattern is indulgent, overly liberating and less demanding. As for children who cared for this parenting tend to have less independent nature and too dependent on others. Parents of this type tend not to rebuke or warn children when children are in danger and very little guidance is given by them. But parents of this type are usually warm, so often liked by children. With this kind of parenting the child gets as much freedom as possible from his family so as to make the children uncontrollable, disobedient and aggressive behavior especially outside the family environment. But in everyday life not infr equently ther e a r e pa r ents who a r e authoritarian by demanding and expecting many from children. According to Baumrind in Yudrik Jahja (2011), parents with this type of parenting tend to force, rule, and punish. If the child does not want to do what is said by the parents, then this type is reluctant to punish the child. According to Baumrind in Yudrik Jahja (2011) Parents with democratic parenting in caring for their children have a tendency to prioritize the interests 252 Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan, Volume 4, Nomor 3, Desember 2017, hlm. 248–253 of children, but do not hesitate to control them. Parents of this type also be realistic about the ability of children, do not expect an excess that exceeds the ability of children. It also gives children the freedom to recover and take a ction, and the interference to the child is warm. Child care pattern that is widely applied in RA Tarbiyatussibyan is permissive parenting is possible because it is influenced by the level of education of parents who are mostly basuc school. Parents who have little knowledge in parenting and lack of understanding of children’s needs. And there are only a small percentage of parents who adopt democratic parenting that shows that parents are aware of effective childcare patterns for their children. Accor ding to Pr a setyo (2003), the inappropriateness of the adoption of child care pattern in the life of the child can cause children less able to develop what is in him, even can hamper the process of growth and development of children which can r esult in the delay of growth and development of children become less optimal. The second factor affecting the child care pattern is the type of work. Based on Table 3 that the majority of respondents have 29 self-employed (40.3%) employment. Parents with self-employed jobs are likely to have less time to pay attention to their child’s needs and seek information about new things such as a good child care pattern for children not as much as the information that housewives mothers get. As per Mubarak’s opinion (2009), the wor k envir onment ca n ma ke a per son ga in exper ience a nd knowledge both directly a nd indirectly. It is also in accordance with the opinion of Notoatmodjo (2005) that with the existence of one’s work will require a lot of time and require a ttention. Since most of the students a r e entrepreneurs so that their parents are busy and only have little time to pay attention to the needs of their children so to get the affection and attention of their parents than that because he is busy with his work and has little time to obtain information on appropriate parenting. Another factor that influences child care pattern is the economic status. Since most of the respondents are self-employed, they will have middle-income. With more income, then parents usually tend to spoil the child with the material. Whatever the child asks will always be obeyed, because of the adequate income. So the child care pattern used by the parents is permissive parenting. In accordance with the results of the study found that most of the 45 people (62.5%) have permissive child care patterns. This is in accordance with the opinion Hurlock (2010) that parents who middle and upper middle level of the economy in the care usually spoil his son. Whatever the child wants will be filled with parents. All the needs of the child can be fulfilled with the wealth of the parents. Parenting is mostly only met with material. Parental concern and affection is manifested in giving or fulfilling the needs of the child, which is included in the permissive parenting pattern. So a child who is familiar with such permissive parenting patterns, will form a spoiled per sona lity. Likewise in RA Tarbiyatussibyan Tanjung Kalidawir Tulungagung because of the many jobs of the parents of students are entrepreneurs then the economic status of most middle or upper middle class so that with enough material then the parents will provide love by meeting the needs of his child CONCLUSSION AND SUGGESTION Conclusions The conclusion of this research are: 1) Most of the level op pa r ents educa tion in RA Tarbiyatussibyan Tanjung Kalidawir Tulungagung is primary education (elementary and junior high) as many as 41 people (57%), 2) Most of child care pattern of in RA Tarbiyatussibyan Tanjung Kalidawir Tulungagung is permissive as many as 45 people (62.5%). 3) Based on the analysis with Spearman Rank Test found that there is a relationship between the level of education parents with child care pattern in RA Tar biyatussibya n Ta njung Ka lidawir Tulungagung with a value of 0.00. 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