E:\IBUK\NERS DESEMBER 2021\2--j
276 Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan, Volume 8, Issue 3, December 2021, page 276–283
Factor Analysis of Caesarean Section at Panti Waluya Hospital,
Malang
Pertiwi Perwiraningtyas1, Anita Rahmahwati2
1Departement of Nursing , Tribhuwana Tunggadewi University Malang, Indonesia
2Departement of Nursing , STIKes Patria Husada Blitar, Indonesia
JURNAL NERS DAN KEBIDANAN
(JOURNAL OF NERS AND MIDWIFERY)
http://jnk.phb.ac.id/index.php/jnk
JNK
History Article:
Received, 21/08/2021
Accepted, 20/11/2021
Published, 15/12/2021
Keywords:
Paritas, Partus, Caesarean Section
Article Information Abstract
The incidence of caesarean section in Indonesia has increased every year.
Caesarean section is an alternative to delivery when vaginal delivery cannot
be done. The problems studied are the factors that influence the action of
cesarean section delivery. The purpose of the study was to analyze the
factors of delivery by caesarean section at Panti Waluya Hospital, Malang.
The design of the study used cross sectional. The population in this study
was all parturition mothers who were in the medical records of Panti Waluya
Hospital Malang in January-May 2021. The sampling technique in this study
used Simple Radom sampling, obtained 55 samples that met the inclusion
criteria (ie data in the medical record). The study was carried out at the Panti
Waluya Hospital in Malang in May 2021. The instrument used observation
sheet. The data taken came from secondary data, namely the patient’s medi-
cal record. The independent variables of the study were maternal age, gesta-
tional age, employment status, parity, disease history, income, insurance,
education, delivery distance. The dependent variable of the study was cae-
sarean section. The data analysis used Fisher exact test and logistic regres-
sion test. The results showed that history of disease and delivery interval
had a significant correlation with delivery, and the variable that was the
determinant of CS delivery was history of disease (p=0.012; OR=8.463). It is
necessary to carry out routine ANC for pregnant women, in order to avoid
risk factors for childbirth by caesarean section.
© 2021 Journal of Ners and Midwifery
276
Correspondence Address:
Tribhuwana Tunggadewi University Malang – East Java, Indonesia P-ISSN : 2355-052X
Email: perwiraningtyas@gmail.com E-ISSN : 2548-3811
DOI: 10.26699/jnk.v8i3.ART.p276–283
This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-SA license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)
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277Perwiraningtyas, Rahmahwati, Factor Analysis of Caesarean Section at Panti Waluya Hospital, Malang
INTRODUCTION
Caesarean section is a way of giving birth to a
fetus by making an incision in the uterine wall
through the front wall of the abdomen and vagina,
or caesarean section is a hysterotomy to give birth
to a fetus in the womb (Mochtar, 2012). Caesarean
section is an artificial birth, in which the fetus is
born through an incision in the abdominal wall and
uterine wall with the condition that the uterus is in-
tact and the fetal weight is above 500 grams
(Prawirohardjo, 2007).
Delivery by caesarean section is intended for
certain medical indications, which are divided into
indications for the mother and indications for the
baby. Sectio caesaria delivery or cesarean section
must be understood as an alternative to childbirth
when normal delivery is no longer possible (Patricia,
2005; Irwan, 2009; Lang, 2011). Even though 90%
of deliveries are categorized as normal or uncom-
plicated delivery, if complications occur, the treat-
ment always adheres to the priority of the safety of
the mother and baby. Caesarean section operation
is the last choice of delivery after considering how
vaginal delivery is not feasible to do (Akhmad, 2008;
Asamoah et.al., 2011).
Based on data from the World Health Organi-
zation (WHO, 2018), 10-15% of all deliveries are
performed by cesarean section. The incidence of
delivery by cesarean section without medical indi-
cations in each country reaches 2.10%. In Indone-
sia, births by cesarean section are quite high, namely
9.8% per year. The results from Riskesdas 2018
that births with Caesarean section are 17.6%. The
highest percentage is in DKI Jakarta (31.1%) and
the lowest is in Papua (6.7%). Normal delivery data
were (81.5%) deliveries and deliveries by cesar-
ean section (17.6%) from the total number of de-
liveries. The results of Riskesdas in 2018 in East
Java province showed a tendency for the propor-
tion of deliveries in health facilities to be 95.3%. In
East Java Province, the number of deliveries by
CS in 2019 was 124,586 out of 622,930 or about
20% of all deliveries (Pusdatin Kemenkes, 2019).
Several risk factors in pregnancy that cause
deliver y thr ough CS include ma ter na l a ge,
comorbidities, gestational age and history of CS
(Prawirohardjo, 2010), as for other factors such as:
employment status, parity status, and the last par-
turition distance (Prawihardjo, 2010). According to
the Depkes RI (2010) at the age of the mother who
is too young < 20, the condition of the uterus and
pelvis has not developed properly, and vice versa
for those aged > 35 years the health and condition
of the uterus is not as good as when the mother is
20-35 years old. >35 years is a non-reproductive
age or this age is included in the high risk of preg-
nancy (Depkes, 2010). Based on the results of
Himapid’s research in the working area of the
Himalate Public Health Center Makassar in 2009
showed that antenatal care, maternal age < 20 years
or > 35 years and with grand multipara were asso-
ciated with increased implementation of SC action.
Concomitant diseases or disorders of pregnancy
include placenta previa which causes the placenta
to block the birth canal, diabetes, hypertension, high
myopia, heart disease, asthma, and fetal position
abnormalities. Prawirohardjo (2010), work shows
the level of welfare and the opportunity to use and
receive health services. Some of the reasons that
underlie the tendency to give birth by CS are in-
creasing in working mothers, because they are very
time bound and already have certain schedules such
as when to work again (Role, 2005). By doing SC,
working mothers can arrange a birth schedule that
can be adapted to work (Pillitteri, 2002). Parity is
one of the factors that affect cesarean delivery,
regardless of whether the fetus is alive or dead at
birth. Maternal mortality under the age of 20 years
(young primily at risk) was 2 to 5 times higher for
the occurrence of CS because it affects His caus-
ing an increase in CS due to the progress of failed
labor and maternal mortality also increases at the
age above 30 years (old primi at risk) because Old
age experiences high pregnancy complications such
as maternal mortality, preeclampsia, eclampsia, hy-
pertension and perinatal morbidity and mortality. A
woman after giving birth takes two to three years
to recover her body and prepare herself for the next
delivery and give the wound the opportunity to heal
properly. 2000). This is because the shape and func-
tion of the reproductive organs have not returned
to perfection so that their function will be disrupted
in the event of pregnancy and rebirth. The distance
between two deliveries that are too close causes
an increase in anemia which can cause low birth
weight, preterm birth, and stillbirth, which can lead
to low birth weight. affect the labor process and
infant factors (Kusumawati, 2010). Pregnancy
spacing that is too far is associated with increasing
maternal age. This will result in a degenerative pro-
cess, weakening of the strength of the uterine and
pelvic muscle functions which causes inadequate
278 Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan, Volume 8, Issue 3, December 2021, page 276–283
strength so that there are many prolonged labors
which result in the need for CS (Winkjosastro, 2005).
The results of research by Wulandari, et al
(2018) at Elisabeth Hospital Semarang stated that
there was a correlation between maternal age and
caesarean section at St. Elisabeth Semarang where
from 24 respondents who had a risky age of 21
people (87.5%) had a SC, this proves that the at-
risk age (<25 years/>35 years) is very prone to SC
action, this can be caused by age <20 years, the
organs that are formed are not yet perfect and are
not ready to give birth spontaneously, while at the
age of >35 years, organs that help the normal deliv-
ery process are weak, and at that age may already
have a disease/disorder, so it is very risky to give
birth normally. Wulandari, et al (2018) also stated
that there was a significant correlation between
comorbidities and SC action where 80% of respon-
dents who suffered from hypertension had a risk of
pre-eclampsia which was an indication for SC.
Meanwhile, the previous history of cesarean sec-
tion with sc procedure had a significant correlation,
where of the 16 respondents who had a history of
sc entirely (100%) underwent cesarean section, this
proves that mothers with a previous cesarean his-
tory have a high risk of normal delivery, previous
cesarean history It is very influential on the current
CS action because previous CS actions can cause
uterine rupture if the mother gives birth normally
which of course can endanger the mother and baby.
low transverse uterine incision. Research by
Sihombing, et al (2017) that cesarean delivery is
greater for working mothers in the formal sector as
private employees and living in cities. One of the
reasons that underlie the tendency to choose deliv-
ery by caesarean section in big cities is because
the majority of mothers have status as workers
(Sihombing et al., 2017). A worker is bound by his
working time so he wants to make the most of his
time with his baby.
The initial survey was conducted by research-
ers at the Panti Waluya Hospital in Malang which
facilitated delivery by caesarean section. Data from
the medical records of the number of mothers giv-
ing birth in January to April 2021 were 55 people,
41 people (75%). Based on this phenomenon, the
researchers are interested in conducting research
with the title “Factor Analysis of Caesarean sec-
tion at Panti Waluya Hospital Malang”.
METHOD
The design of the study used cross sectional.
The population in was all parturition mothers who
were in the medical records of Panti Waluya Hos-
pital Malang in January-May 2021. The sampling
technique used Simple Radom sampling and ob-
tained 55 samples. The study was carried out at
the Panti Waluya Hospital in Malang in May 2021.
The instrument used was an observation sheet. The
data taken came from secondary data, namely the
patient’s medical record. The independent variables
of this study were maternal age, gestational age,
employment status, parity, disease history, income,
insurance, education, delivery distance. The depen-
dent variable of this study was caesarean section.
After the data was collected, it was then tested
with Fisher’s exact test to determine whether there
was a correlation between each independent and
dependent variable. Data that has met the signifi-
cant results of the Fisher exact test, then continued
with the Logistics Regression test.
RESULT
No Characteristics Frequency %
1 Mothe rs’s Age
No Risk 44 80
At Risk 11 20
Quantity 55 100
2 Gestational Age
Premature 13 24
Aterm 42 76
Quantity 55 100
3 Job Status
Work 43 78
Jobless 12 22
Quantity 55 100
4 Parity Status
Primipara 20 36
Multipara 35 64
Quantity 55 100
5 Disease History
Yes 26 47
No 29 53
Quantity 55 100
Table 1 Distribution of Respondents Characteristics
279Perwiraningtyas, Rahmahwati, Factor Analysis of Caesarean Section at Panti Waluya Hospital, Malang
6 Income
< standard 13 24
> standard 42 76
Quantity 55 100
7 Insurance
Yes 46 84
No 9 16
Quantity 55 100
8 Education
Base 30 55
Advance 25 45
Quantity 55 100
9 Partus Distance
<5 years 14 39
> 5 years 22 61
Quantity 36 100
Souce: Primary Data
Based on Table 1. Almost all parturition moth-
ers at Panti Waluya Sawahan Hospital Malang in
2021 in the category of non-risk labor (21-34 years)
as many as 44 people (80%), almost all parturition
mothers are included in the term category where
the gestational age is 38-34. 42 weeks as many as
42 people (76%), almost all parturition mothers had
the status as workers as many as 43 people (78%),
most parturition mothers had multiparous parity sta-
tus as many as 35 people (64%), most parturition
mothers in the category had no history of disease
as many as 29 people (53%), almost all parturition
mothers have income > standard as many as 42
people (76%), almost all parturition mothers have
insurance as many as 46 people (84%), most par-
turition mothers in the category of base education
as many as 30 people (55%) and most of the partu-
rition mothers had a partus distance >5 years.
Variabel Per salinan p
Spontan SC
Mothers’s Age No Risk 11 33 1,00
At Risk 3 8
Gestational Age Premature 2 11 0,477
Aterm 12 30
Job Status Work 10 33 0,448
Jobless 4 7
Parity Status Primipara 7 13 0,219
Multipara 7 28
Disease History Yes 2 24 0,004
No 12 17
Income < Standard 5 8 0,218
Standard 9 33
Insurance Yes 10 36 0,210
No 4 5
Education Base 7 23 0,692
Advance 7 18
Partus Distance < 5 year 12 21 0,023
5 year 2 20
Souce: Primary Data
Table 2 Results of Statistical Data
Based on Table 2. the results of the bivariate
test between the independent and dependent vari-
ables showed that age, gestational age, job status,
parity, income, insurance and education did not have
a significant correlation with delivery (p> 0.200),
so they were not included in the logistic regression
analysis. Meanwhile, disease history and partus dis-
tance had a significant correlation with delivery
(p0.200) and were eligible for logistic regression
test.
280 Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan, Volume 8, Issue 3, December 2021, page 276–283
Based on Table 3, it was found that disease
history and partus distance had a significant corre-
lation with delivery, and the variable that was the
determinant of Caesarean sectionn was disease
history (p = 0.012; OR = 8.463).
DISCUSSION
Analysis of Disease History Factors
History of disease is one of the factors that
can affect the health of the mother before preg-
nancy or after giving birth, it can be categorized as
a history of diseases that are often experienced
during pregnancy and are not related to direct ob-
stetric causes. The disease that is often experienced
by the mother is not the cause of maternal death, in
order to prevent maternal death due to diseases that
are often suffered by parturition mothers during the
delivery process, it is necessary to perform an CS
delivery. The risk of mothers with a history of dis-
ease experiencing maternal death is 210.2 times
higher than that of mothers without a history of dis-
ease (Simarmata, 2007).
Based on the results of the study, it was found
that almost 24 people had a history of disease in
parturition mothers. This number is more than the
17 respondents who did not have a history of the
disease. This proves that the history of the disease
is one of the factors that can affect the action of
SC in parturition mothers. There are still many
mothers during pregnancy and after giving birth who
undergo cesarean section because they cannot be
separated from an unhealthy lifestyle and do not
make pregnancy visits to find out the condition of
the fetus or history of comorbidities in the mother.
The likelihood of cesarean delivery after an unsuc-
cessful attempt at normal delivery increases in
mothers with a history of chronic diseases such as
heart disease, asthma, hypertension and diabetes
(Nurarif and Hardhi, 2015).
Maternal morbidity and mortality with a his-
tory of chronic disease increases during pregnancy
and childbirth. In relation to parturition mothers who
suffer from diabetes, it is possible to have a large
baby so that the risk of having to carry out a cesar-
ean delivery and also increase mild heart disease
and still be able to give birth vaginally, but mothers
with severe heart disease cesarean section is an
option because of mild hemodynamic disorders com-
pared to childbirth. vaginally. Thus, CS delivery can
be taken even though it is at high risk, so it is not
possible for parturition mothers to have a normal
delivery and it can be planned in advance to per-
form CS to save the condition of the mother and
baby, as well as increase the mother’s knowledge
about childbirth as needed (Nanna et al, 2014).
Based on the results of the Bivariate Test, a
history of disease with SC action was obtained, a p
value of 0.004 which means that there is a correla-
tion between history of disease and SC action. This
is in line with research (Prihartanti and Ratna, 2018)
which shows that there is a significant correlation
between history of illness and delivery and also the
results of Rini Wahyuni’s research (2017), there is
a correlation between history of illness and mater-
nal caesarean sectionn in Pringsewu Hospital.
A history of illness is defined as a disease that
the mother had suffered before pregnancy or child-
birth or a disease that arose during pregnancy that
was not related to direct obstetric causes, but was
exacerbated by the physiological effects of preg-
nancy so that the mother’s condition worsened. The
results of Maysaroh’s research (2016) showed that
in the case group (mothers who gave birth by cae-
sarean section) the diseases suffered by the mother
included hypertension, obesity and diabetes. The
most common disease is heart disease. This is be-
cause at 34-36 weeks of gestation there is an in-
crease in heart rate and pulse an average of 88
beats per minute. In normal hearts it is not a prob-
lem, but in mothers with heart disease, it can cause
decompensation cordis (Aeni, 2011). In mothers with
diabetes, the fetus tends to be larger than normal
babies, this situation can lead to difficulties in labor
and delivery. Although these babies are large, their
behavior resembles that of premature babies and
Variabel Koefisien p OR (CI)
Disease History 2,136 0,012 8,463 (1,590 - 45,054)
Partus Distance -1,742 0,045 0,175 (0,032 - ,960)
Souce: Primary Data
Table 3 Results of Logistics Regression Test
281Perwiraningtyas, Rahmahwati, Factor Analysis of Caesarean Section at Panti Waluya Hospital, Malang
cannot withstand the burden of prolonged labor.
Death during labor and postpartum is common. In
addition, a number of babies die in the womb be-
fore reaching maturity. Because of the danger to
the safety of the fetus and because of the high pro-
portion of toxemia in pregnant women with diabe-
tes, it is necessary to terminate the pregnancy pre-
maturely. In primigravida and multipara with long
and closed cervix or with poor obstetric history,
(Oxorn, 2003). Mothers with high blood pressure
(hypertension) in their condition are not direct fac-
tors that cause cesarean delivery, but pregnant
women with hypertension have a risk of preeclamp-
sia/eclampsia, where preeclampsia can harm both
the mother and the fetus and can cause seizures in
the mother and lead to death (Dharma et al. ,2005).
Hypertension in pregnant women will affect the
cardiovascular system and tend to narrow blood
vessels so that blood flow to the fetus is disrupted,
as a result the fetus will stimulate labor. In addition,
hypertension will affect the uterus to contract which
will cause the workload of labor for hours so it is
necessary to do a cesarean delivery (Poedjiningsih,
2001).
Analysis of Partus Distance Factors
Pregnancy interval is the time interval between
two successive pregnancies of a woman. Short preg-
nancy intervals will directly have an effect on the
health of women and the fetus they contain. After
giving birth, women need 2 to 3 years to recover
their bodies and prepare for the next pregnancy and
childbirth (Rifdiani, 2017). If the distance between
pregnancies is too close, it tends to cause damage
to the female reproductive system, both physiologi-
cally and pathologically, thus giving the possibility
of anemia in the mother and even causing death
(Sawitri et al., 2014). pregnancy interval 2 years
(Natturini, 2009).
The distance between pregnancies of children
< 2 years, the uterus and health of the mother have
not experienced optimal or perfect recovery. In this
pregnancy, it is possible that accompanying disor-
ders may occur. Mothers with birth spacing that
are too close to the previous pregnancy have a very
bad impact because the birth spacing is too close.
too close will cause the reproductive organs that
should have recovered from the previous delivery,
will work extra for the next delivery. This will have
a negative impact on the health condition of the
mother and baby. A woman after giving birth takes
2 to 3 years to recover her body and prepare her-
self for the next delivery and give the wound a
chance to heal properly. Short delivery intervals will
increase the risk to mother and child (Marisi, 2009).
Agudelo and Bellzan found that the distance be-
tween pregnancies or births was too close (<6
months) and too far (>5 years) with a history of
poor pregnancy and childbirth before, such as
vacuum extraction, forceps and cesarean section,
such as third trimester bleeding, premature rupture
of membranes, puerperal endometritis and anemia,
(Aguelo & Bellzan, 2000).
From the results of the bivariate test, the deliv-
ery distance became one of the causes of the SC
action. Based on the results of this study, a signifi-
cant value of P = 0.0023 <0.200 was obtained, which
means that there is a significant correlation between
the distance between parturition and delivery. The
results of the logistic regression analysis showed
that delivery distance had a significant correlation
with cesarean delivery with a significant value (P =
0.045; OR = 0.175). This happens because the
mother’s reproductive organs have not returned to
perfection. Meanwhile, the birth distance that is >
5 years too far will also have a bad impact on the
condition of the mother and fetus in the next deliv-
ery. This is in line with the theory put forward by
Lubis (2013) that the distance between deliveries
<2 years is a risk factor in the process of preg-
nancy and childbirth so that they have the opportu-
nity to have a cesarean delivery.
According to Saifuddin et al (2006), states that
the best distance between two pregnancies and birth
is 2-4 years. The ideal birth interval is 2 years or
more because the short birth spacing will cause a
mother to not have enough time to recover her body
after giving birth. After giving birth, a mother will
experience a puerperium or postpartum period to
return the internal reproductive organs to their origi-
nal or normal state. Pregnancy spacing is a factor
that affects a mother’s fertility problems. Women
who experience pregnancy again quickly after a
previous pregnancy indicate a good fertility of a
woman. Mothers who gave birth within two years
of giving birth to their last one had a greater risk of
giving birth to a child with poor survival and ending
in death. Other studies have found the opposite
where the risk of infant death can also occur in
infants who have a short birth susceptibility (Awang,
2003).
282 Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan, Volume 8, Issue 3, December 2021, page 276–283
Starting from 2005 WHO has been trying to
make recommendations for the ideal birth spacing.
The distance is in the vulnerable two years between
births, this aims to prepare if you want to start a
pregnancy while reducing the risks that might oc-
cur if you have a subsequent pregnancy. The dis-
tance between births of one year or two after giv-
ing birth can give mothers enough time to recover
from the pregnancy and childbirth that has been
carried out, and be able to optimize breastfeeding
for the next child (Kabano, et.al., 2016).
Research conducted by Rasdiana Muhammad
et al., 2014 found that the proportion of respondents
according to gestational distance, the highest was
46 respondents (52.9%) with a gestational distance
of more than 2 years and the lowest was 11 re-
spondents (12.6%) who had a gestational distance
of less than 2 years and the remaining 30 respon-
dents ( 34.5%) had never been pregnant. The rec-
ommended pregnancy interval is 2-5 years from the
last pregnancy. Keeping a distance between preg-
nancies will create a good potential for pregnancy
because it gives the mother an opportunity to rest
physically (Edyanti, 2010). 75 mothers (32.6%) of
215 mothers. In this study, it was shown that there
was no correlation between gestational distance and
cesarean delivery.
A woman after giving birth takes 2 to 3 years
to recover her body and prepare herself for the next
delivery, and can give the birth wound a chance to
heal. Short delivery intervals will increase the risk
to mother and child (Mochtar, 2012). Pregnancy
with a distance of 2 years or more in mothers often
experience complications in childbirth, the possibil-
ity that can occur in mothers with arak during de-
livery will cause bleeding, babies born not enough
months before 37 weeks of gestation and babies at
low risk of birth <2500 grams.
Disease History Becomes a Determining Fac-
tor of Caesarean sectionn
Maternal morbidity and mortality with a his-
tory of chronic disease increases during pregnancy
and childbirth. For example, a diabetic mother may
have a large baby, so the risk of having a cesarean
delivery also increases. Mothers with mild heart
disease are still possible to give birth vaginally, but
in patients with severe heart disease cesarean sec-
tion is an option because hemodynamic disorders
are lighter than vaginal delivery (Nanna et al, 2014).
According to the 2014 World Health Organi-
zation (WHO) report, the maternal mortality rate
(MMR) in the world is still high at 289,000 people.
The high AKI occurs due to a history of complica-
tions during and after pregnancy and childbirth. The
main complications that cause almost 75% of all
maternal deaths are: postpartum hemorrhage, in-
fection (usually after delivery), high blood pressure
during pregnancy (pre-eclampsia and eclampsia),
complications from childbirth, unsafe abortion, the
rest are caused by or related with diseases such as
malaria, and AIDS during pregnancy (WHO, 2016).
The results of the study are in line with the
opinion expressed by Aprina (2013), namely the
cause of delivery by cesarean section can be due
to problems on the part of the mother and baby.
First, the decision of a previously diagnosed cae-
sarean section. The causes include CPD, severe
pregnancy poisoning, severe preeclampsia or ec-
lampsia, abnormalities in the position of the baby
(breech, latitude), some cases of the cervix being
covered by the placenta (placenta previa), twins,
pregnancy in elderly mothers, history of caesarean
section in previous pregnancies. Pregnancy com-
plications are associated with the incidence of ce-
sarean delivery in Indonesia. Mothers with preg-
nancy complications are more likely to give birth by
cesarean section than mothers without pregnancy
complications. A history of illness in pregnant
women is very high risk for the safety of the mother
and fetus compared to other determinants or non-
medical indications. Mothers who have a history of
diseases such as severe pre-eclampsia, heart dis-
ease, asthma and diabetes should immediately un-
dergo caesarean section, if no caesarean section is
performed, maternal and fetal death can occur.
Caesarean section is generally performed when
normal vaginal delivery is not possible or due to
medical indications. Medical action is only carried
out if there are problems in the birth process that
can threaten the life of the mother and fetus (Judhita,
2009).
The history of the disease is very high risk for
the safety of the mother and fetus as the results of
this study are in accordance with the research of
Sadiman et al (2009) which states that there is a
significant correlation between the history of dis-
eases such as pre-eclampsia and caesarean sec-
tion delivery. Severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia
can cause complications of maternal and fetal death.
283Perwiraningtyas, Rahmahwati, Factor Analysis of Caesarean Section at Panti Waluya Hospital, Malang
To prevent this, the effort taken is to immediately
terminate the pregnancy. To ensure the safety of
the mother and fetus, induction and/or through ce-
sarean section are indications for maternal prophy-
laxis to terminate the pregnancy. From the results
of research at Dr. Hospital. Moewardi Surakarta is
known that the maternal mortality rate due to cae-
sarean section delivery is 34%, the cause is a his-
tory of maternal disease, namely severe pre-ec-
lampsia as much as 54%. Therefore, mothers who
give birth with a history of complicated childbirth,
pregnancy complications and delivery complications,
have a greater chance of having a cesarean sec-
tion (SC) delivery compared to other determinants
of women giving birth.
CONCLUSION
In 2021 deliveries by caesarean section at the
Panti Waluya Sawahan Hospital, Malang, amounted
to seventy-five percent, higher than the national
caesarean section rate. Factors that influence the
action of caesarean section at the Panti Waluya
Hospital in Malang are the history of the disease
and the spacing of parturition.
SUGGESTION
Routine antenatal care and family planning
care are needed, as well as early detection of preg-
nant women to minimize the possibility of compli-
cations during childbirth.
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