131 

 

 

JNK 

 

JURNAL NERS DAN KEBIDANAN 

(JOURNAL OF NERS AND MIDWIFERY) 

http://jnk.phb.ac.id/index.php/jnk 

 

  

Lowering Blood Pressure of Hypertension through Benson Relaxation 

 
 

Dewiyuliana 

Nursing Department, Academy of Nursing Kesdam Iskandar Muda Banda Aceh, Indonesia 

 

Article Information  Abstract 

  Hypertension is a chronic non-communicable disease, the cases of which are 

increasing every years. Hypertension is caused by heredity, age, food and unhealthy 

lifestyle. The consequences of hypertension include heart disease, stroke, 

myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, kidney failure and other diseases. One of the 

effective and easy non-pharmacological treatments for lowering blood pressure is 

using Benson relaxation. Benson's relaxation is a concentration of relaxation by 

harmonizing blood pressure so that it reduces the work of the sympathetic and 

initial sympathetic nerves to affect heart rate, pulse, respiration and activities that 

use the workload of the heart. This study aimed to analyze the effect of benson 

relaxation in reducing blood pressure in hypertensive patients. This study was a pre-

experimental research with a pretest and posttest design approach. The population 

in this study was hypertensive patients with a sample of 18 respondents selected by 

purposive sampling with the criteria of being willing to become respondents and 

participating in Benson relaxation activities for 2 weeks. The hypothesis testing 

used the T test (Paired sample Test). The results of the pre post systole study 

obtained p = 0.000 and pre post diastole p = 0.007 indicating that Benson relaxation 

is done regularly and is effective in reducing blood pressure in people with 

hypertension. It is hoped that people and families with hypertension can apply 

Benson in reducing and controlling blood pressure. 

 

History Article:  

Received, 03/12/2022  

Accepted, 08/04/2023  

Published, 30/04/2023  

  

Keywords:  

benson relaxation, 

hypertension, blood 

pressure 

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

© 2023 Journal of Ners and Midwifery 
 

🖂Correspondence Address:  

Academy of Nursing Kesdam Iskandar Muda Banda Aceh – Aceh, Indonesia  P-ISSN : 2355-052X 

Email : dewiyuliana3210@gmail.com  E-ISSN : 2548-3811 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.26699/jnk.v10i1.ART.p131-137  

This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-SA license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) 

http://jnk.phb.ac.id/index.php/jnk
mailto:dewiyuliana3210@gmail.com
https://doi.org/10.26699/jnk.v10i1.ART.p131-137


132        Journal of Ners and Midwifery, Volume 10, Issue 1, April 2023, page 131-137 

  

INTRODUCTION 

 Cases of hypertension are increasing every 

year.  (World Health organization, 2022) for 2021 

estimates that there are 1.28 billion adults aged 30-

79 years worldwide suffering from hypertension, 

two out of them suffer from hypertension in low- 

and middle-income countries. As many as 46% of 

adults know they suffer from hypertension. 

(Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2018) 

in 2013 stated that hypertension cases in Indonesia 

reached 31.7%. Mentioned that the highest 

prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia was in the 

South Kalimantan area of 44.1%, more women 

suffer from hypertension in Indonesia with a 

percentage of 36.9% compared to men. Cases of 

hypertension are highest in rural areas compared to 

urban areas and the average hypertension occurs in 

patients who have not or have not attended school 

with a percentage of 51.6%. (Riskesdas, 2013) The 

prevalence of hypertension cases in Aceh is 30.9% 

nationally.  

 The prevalence of high blood pressure in 

women is higher than in men. the prevalence of 

women is 32.9% while men are only 28.7%. 

Likewise, the prevalence in urban areas is slightly 

higher, 31.7% compared to 30.2% in rural areas. 

Prevalence will increase with increasing age. The 

high cases of hypertension have an impact on the 

high mortality rate in the world (Christensen, 

2023). Hypertension is caused by both controllable 

and uncontrollable factors. Factors that can be 

controlled include obesity, smoking habits, 

consuming excess alcohol and caffeine, consuming 

excess salt, stress and hormonal balance while 

factors that cannot be controlled consist of age, sex 

and heredity (Yanita, 2022). The problem that often 

arises in people with hypertension is stroke, which 

is caused by high blood pressure circulating in the 

brain or due to an embolus that is detached from a 

brain vessel. In addition, myocardial infarction can 

also occur if the coronary arteries experience 

atherosclerosis so that they cannot supply enough 

oxygen to the myocardium. A thrombus is formed 

thereby blocking the flow of blood through the 

vessel. Hypertension causes kidney failure due to 

progressive damage to glomerular capillaries due to 

high blood pressure (Ardiansyah, 2012).  

 The higher a person's blood pressure, the 

higher the risk of heart disease, kidney failure and 

stroke. Symptoms felt by patients include difficulty 

carrying out daily activities, neck stiffness, neck 

and back feeling heavy so that it can affect balance 

and make it difficult to carry out activities 

(Ministry of Health, 2019). Management of 

hypertension can be done pharmacologically and 

non-pharmacologically (Yulanda & Lisiswanti, 

2017). Pharmacological treatment is given to 

hypertensive patients who are already showing 

symptoms. Hypertensive patients who require 

lifelong medication are a consideration for doctors 

to pay attention to the working effects of drugs and 

the consequences that arise in the future (Kandarini, 

2017). Pharmacological treatment has side effects 

for the category of diuretics, alpha blockers, 

calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors and 

angiotensin receptor blockers. besides that 

treatment for people with hypertension in a long 

time will experience boredom in taking drugs 

(Glenys & Riska, 2017). Treatment of hypertension 

using drugs requires a long time, this causes the 

patient to feel hopeless, so that the treatment of 

hypertension becomes incomplete (Hastuti et al., 

2017) 

 The results of a literature review that has been 

carried out by (Ainurrafiq et al., 2019) show that 

non-pharmacological treatment can reduce or 

control blood pressure and can be used as an 

alternative treatment and is an efficient 

intervention. Several types of non-pharmacological 

therapy in lowering or controlling blood pressure 

include medication on the mind and body, 

meditation biofeedback, hypnosis, home care, 

aromatherapy, relaxation, acupressure from 

Chinese herbal medicine, juice therapy, herbal 

therapy, massage, yoga, breathing and relaxation 

(Jain & Ritu, 2011). Benson relaxation therapy is a 

relaxation technique for focusing attention (Solehati 

& Rustina, 2015). Benson relaxation affects heart 

rate, pulse, respiration and activities that use the 

workload of the heart (Teimouri et al., 2019). 

Benson Relaxation regulatory center in the 

hypothalamus. Regulation of blood pressure 

through the alignment of blood pressure, reducing 

the work of the sympathetic and parasympathetic 

nerves (Benson & MZ., 1975). The Benson 

relaxation technique begins with a deep breathing 

relaxation technique. Benson relaxation uses four 

elements including supplication, positioning the 

patient with hypertension comfortably and safely, 

saying soothing words repeatedly and focusing on 

the words spoken (Ibrahim et al., 2019).  

 Benson relaxation has the benefit of 

improving sleep quality in pediatric patients with 

acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Zupanec et al., 

2017), improving stress levels in nurses (Sajadi et 

al., 2017), reducing anxiety levels in the elderly (D 



Dewiyuliana, Lowering Blood Pressure of Hypertension through Benson Relaxation …        133 

                             
 

 
 

Novitasari & Aryana , 2013) and lower blood 

pressure in patients with hypertension (Wartonah et 

al., 2022). The results of research conducted by 

(Yulendasari & Djamaludin, 2021) found that 

benson relaxation was effective in reducing blood 

pressure in hypertensive patients with a difference 

in systolic blood pressure between the intervention 

group and the control group of 8.063 (p-value 

0.000). The same research  showing that Benson 

relaxation has an effect on blood pressure in 

hypertensive patients with an average (Mean) of 

84.07(Atmojo et al., 2019). The results of the 

analysis test obtained a value of p = 0.000. The 

results of a survey that researchers found in Blang 

Krueng village showed that hypertension sufferers 

did not know benzon relaxation in lowering blood 

pressure. Based on the phenomenon above, 

researchers are interested in conducting research on 

the relationship of Benson relaxation in lowering 

blood pressure in hypertension patients in Blang 

Krueng Village. 

 

METHODS 

 This study was a Pre Experimental study with 

a one-group pretest and post-test design approach. 

The respondents involved in this study were 18 

respondents who experienced hypertension. The 

sampling technique used non-probability sampling 

with purposive sampling technique. This research 

was carried out from 30 October to 6 November 

2022 in Blang Krueng Village, Baitussalam 

District, Aceh Besar District.  The data analysis 

used by the researcher was univariate and bivariate. 

Univariate analysis was used to look at the 

characteristics of respondents. Bivariate analysis 

using paired t test to see the effect of benson's 

relaxation in reduce blood pressure in hypertension 

patients. This study obtained an ethical permit from 

UPPM Akper Kesdam Iskandar Muda Banda Aceh 

with the number 55/UPPM/VI/2022. 

 

RESULTS 

Table 1: Characteristics of the subjects 
Distribution of responden by gender in patient with Hypertension in Blang Krueng Village 

No  Gender  Respondent  Percentage (%) 

1 

2 

a. Male 
b. Female 

5 

13 

27,8 

72,8 

Distribution of responden by age  in patient with Hypertension in Blang Krueng Village 

1 

2 

3 

a. 26-35 
b. 36 - 45 
c. > 46 

2 

5 

11 

11,1 

27,8 

61,1 

Distribution of responden by Education  in patient with Hypertension in Blang Krueng Village 

1 

2 

3 

4 

a. Primary school 
b. Junior high school 
c. Senior High School 
d. College 

2 

5 

7 

4 

11,1 

27,8 

38,9 

22,2 

Source : Primary Data 

 Based on table 1, it shows that the most dominant respondents were women with a percentage of 72.8%, 

the most age was > 46 years with a total of 11 respondents and the most senior high school education was 

38.9%. 

 

Table 2: Table of distribution of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (n=18) 

No 
Blood pressure before benson relaxation Blood pressure after benson relaxation 

Sistole  F % Diastole F % Sistole  F % Diastole F % 

1 ≤ 120 0 0 ≤ 80 0 0 ≤ 120 1 5,5 ≤ 80 1 5,5 

2 121-139 4 22,2 81- 89 11 61,1 121-139 11 61,1 81- 89 12 66,7 

3 140-159 11 61,1 90-99 4 22,2 140-159 5 27,9 90-99 5 27,8 

4 ≥ 160 3 16,7 ≥ 100 3 16,7 ≥ 160 1 5,5 ≥ 100 0 0 



134        Journal of Ners and Midwifery, Volume 10, Issue 1, April 2023, page 131-137 

  

 Based on table 2, it shows that the majority of respondents' systolic blood pressure is at most between 140-

159, 11 respondents with a percentage of 61.1%, after relaxation of Benson the systolic blood pressure is mostly 

between 121-139.11 respondents or as much as 61.1%. Meanwhile, the diastolic blood pressure before and after 

Benson relaxation was at most between 81-89, 61.1% before Benson relaxation and 66.7% after giving Benson 

relaxation. 

 

Table 3: benson relaxation effectiveness in lowering blood pressure of hypertention 

No Mean N Std.Deviation T Sig (2-tailed) 

Pre-post Sistole 11,111 18 9,47994 4,973 ,000 

Pre–post diastole  8,05556 18 8,05556 3,070 ,007 

 Based on table 3 it can be seen that the results of statistical tests carried out using the Paired t-Test for 

systolic blood pressure showed that the results were p = 0.000 and for diastolic blood pressure they showed p = 

0.005, thus it can be concluded that the p value is 0.05 ( p<a) it can be concluded that Benson relaxation therapy 

is effective in reducing pressure in hypertensive patients. 

 

DISCUSSION 

Blood pressure before the benson relaxation 

intervention  

 Before giving Benson relaxation therapy to 

hypertension sufferers, the researcher first 

communicated and interacted with the participants, 

built a trusting relationship, then the researchers 

measured blood pressure before being given 

Benson relaxation therapy. The majority of 

respondents' systolic blood pressure is at most 

between 140-159, after relaxation of Benson the 

systolic blood pressure is mostly between 121-139. 
It can be seen that the most age characteristics in 

this study were over 46 years of age as many as 11 

respondents with a percentage of 61.1% and female 

sex as many as 13 respondents or 72.8%.. this is in 
accordance with the results of  (Nuraeni, 2019) 

which states that age and gender have an influence 

on the incidence of hypertension. This is because 

the older a person eats, the lower the function of the 

body's organs. The heart has decreased function, 

this causes the accommodation of blood vessels to 

be disrupted as a result of the arteries getting wider 

and stiffer. In addition, aging also causes hormonal 

disturbances so that peripheral plasma 

concentrations increase, reducing the function of 

glomerulosclerosis intestinal fibrosis which causes 

increased blood pressure. The same thing was also 

obtained from the results of  (Widjaya et al., 2019) 

research. In his research, age has a dominant 

influence on the incidence of hypertension. A 

person's age affects the performance of the 

functions of the body's organs including the heart 

and other organs. This is related to the heart rate 

associated with stiffness in the arterial walls 

(Boussetraore et al., 2023).  

 Based on table 1, it can be seen that the sex 

most suffering from hypertension is women with a 

percentage of 72.8%. This is in accordance with 

data from (Kementerian Kesehatan Republik 

Indonesia, 2018) where the percentage of 

hypertension is most dominant in women with a 

percentage of 36.9%. (Cadeddu et al., 2016) 

Hypertension is more common in women than in 

men. This is due to the influence of hormones 

present in women, the renin-angiotensin system, 

sympathetic activity and stiffness of the arteries. In 

addition, (Hastuti et al., 2017) Women stated that 

women have a high risk of hypertension due to the 

influence of the level of stress they experience. In 

addition, education has a role in lowering blood 

pressure. Based on table 1, it can be seen that the 

most dominant education is Senior High School 

with a percentage of 38.9. (Nur’ani & Nisak, 2022) 

education relates to the ease with which a person 

absorbs and processes information. The higher a 

person's education level, the more knowledge he 

has, so that it is easier to live a healthy and correct 

lifestyle in lowering and controlling blood pressure.  

 

Blood pressure after  the benson relaxation  

 The blood pressure of hypertensive patients 

after Benson relaxation showed that the 

respondents were the most dominant with systolic 

pressure 120-139 in 11 respondents with a 

percentage of 61.1% and the highest diastolic 80-89 

in 12 respondents or as much as 66.7%. This is 

because relaxation can relax the mind so that it can 

reduce the work of the parasympathetic and 

sympathetic nervous systems. relaxation can be 

used as an alternative in the treatment of lowering 

blood pressure. Relaxation is a medium for healing 

and handling hypertension in lowering blood 

pressure and relaxation can be done easily and does 



Dewiyuliana, Lowering Blood Pressure of Hypertension through Benson Relaxation …        135 

                             
 

 
 

not require difficult techniques to do it (Alimansur 

& Anwar, 2017). Relaxation relaxes the work of the 
sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves in 

controlling the blood pressure that appears. The 

sympathetic nervous system increases stimulation 

and stimulates the organs of the body so that the 

heart rate and breathing increase, resulting in 

narrowing of the peripheral blood vessels and 

enlargement of the central blood vessels, while the 

parasympathetic nervous system decreases the 

function raised by the sympathetic nerves. When 

you get relaxation, the body relaxes, this causes the 

body to experience a resting phase, thereby 

reducing heart rate and breathing which results in 

decreased blood pressure (Sulistyarini, 2013). 

 The statistical test used was the paired t-test 

using 18 respondents, for systolic blood pressure it 

showed that the result was sig (2-tailed) or p=0.000, 

and for diastolic blood pressure it showed that the 

result was sig (2-tailed) or the value p = 0.007 thus, 

the p value is less than 0.05 (p <a) This shows that 

there is an effect of benson relaxation therapy on 

blood pressure in people with hypertension This is 

consistent with research conducted by (Atmojo et 

al., 2019) which shows the effect of benson 

relaxation in reducing blood pressure in 

hypertensive patients with a p value = 0.000. The 

same thing was also obtained from the results of the 

study by (Simandalahi et al., 2019) the results 

showed a decrease in blood pressure with a 

duration of 2x a  day for 10-20 minutes using an 

independent t-test analysis with a p value of the 

intervention group 0.023. (Bhasin et al., 2018) 
Benson relaxation exercises can reduce blood 

pressure in hypertensive patients, this is due to 

changes in gene expression in biological pathways 

involving NFkB as the main regulatory molecule 

and the genome for individuals. The response from 

relaxation is the occurrence of inflammatory 

processes and immune function related to oxidative 

stress so that it can contribute to reducing blood 

pressure. (Bhasin et al., 2018) Physiologically, 

relaxation can respond to the sympathetic nerves 

and increase parasympathetic work, thereby 

reducing heart rate, blood pressure and increasing 

oxygen consumption  (Yusliana et al., 2015) In 

addition, relaxation also stimulates the secretion of 

endorphins. So that sufficient oxygen can balance 

the body, relax which is passed on to the 

hypothalamus, stimulate the pituitary gland which 

can increase the production of proopiod 

melanocothin (POMC). Enkephalin production 

increases in the adrenal medulla. (Mustika et al., 

2019) Benson relaxation is a mind and body 

intervention that can be used as a complementary 

therapy without side effects, easy, cheap and safe to 

be applied by patients. (Benson & Proctor, 2000) 

Benson relaxation stimulates a person's body to 

produce and secrete hormones, causing the muscles 

to work more slowly. (Dewiyuliana et al., 2019) 

The involvement of family members, the 

participation of health workers and patients can 

increase the efficiency of an action so that it can 

help treat and control the patient's disease. 

 

CONCLUSION 

 Benson relaxation which is done correctly and 

regularly is one of the therapeutic options that can 

be used as an alternative in controlling and 

reducing blood pressure in hypertensive patients. 

 

SUGGESTION  

 It is recommended for future researchers to 

pay attention to Benson's relaxation with the use of 

hypertension drugs in controlling and lowering 

blood pressure in hypertensive patients. 

 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 

 The author thanks to director and UPPM 

Academy of nursing kesdam Iskandar Muda Banda 

Aceh and  thank the village head and all the 

respondents involved in this study.  

 

FUNDING 

 This studywas fuy fundedby Akademi 

Keperawatan Kesdam Iskandar Muda Banda Aceh.  

 

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST 

 The authors declared that there was no conflict 

of interest in this study. 

 

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS 

  Researchers play a role in preparing 
proposals, collecting data, analyzing data, 

compiling study results and reporting research 

results. 

 

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