Vol 1. No. 2, December 2015 ISSN : 2460 - 7142 ii JELE Journal ofEnglish Languageand Education Editorial Board Chairperson : Dr. Hermayawati, M.Pd. Editorial Staff : Elysa Hartati, S.Pd., M.Pd. Restu Arini, S.Pd., M.Pd. Agustinus Hary Setyawan, S.Pd., M.A. Wilujeng Asih Purwani, S.Pd., M.A. Ika Kurniawati, S.Pd., M.Pd. Language Consultant : Prof. Dr. Soepomo Poedjosoedarmo (Gadjah Mada University) Dr. Issy Yuliasri, M.Pd. (State University of Semarang) Drs. Barli Bram, M.Ed,Ph.D (Sanata Dharma University) Dr. Dwi Anggani L.B., M.Pd. (State University of Semarang) Sayit Abdul Karim, M.Pd.(Technology University of Yogyakarta) ISSN : 2460 - 7142 Address : English Education Study Program Faculty of Teachers Training and Education Mercu Buana University of Yogyakarta Jl. Wates Km.10 Yogyakarta 55753 Phones : (0274) 6498211, 6498212 Fax : (0274) 6498213 Email : jurnal.umby@gmail.com PREFACE Journal of English Language and Education (JELE), to appear twice a year (in June and December) for lecturers, teachers and students, is published by the Unit of Scientific Publishing and Intellectual Property Rights, Mercu Buana University of Yogyakarta. This journal welcomes articles which have never been published elsewhere and are not under consideration for publication in other journals at the same time.Articles should be original and typed, 1.5 spaced, about 10-20 pages of quarto-sized (A4), and written in English. For the brief guidelines, it is attached in the end of this journal. Vol 1. No. 2, December 2015 ISSN : 2460 - 7142 iii PREFACE We proudly present the Journal of English Language and Education (JELE) Vol.1, No.2 whichis presented for practitioners and researchers in accomodating their findings of research. By sharing the idea through this journal, it is expected that issues dealing with the English language and teaching can be overcome as it can be a reference to conduct a new research in the future. This journal comprises seven articles concerning on linguistics and English language teaching. They are categorized into discourse analysis, syllabus design and techniques to teach English that aim to improve the quality of Englishlearning. We would like to thank to the contributors who have already participated in sharing the ideas towards the content of this journal. We would like also to express our sincere thanks to all members of editorial board who have worked hand in hand in creating this journal. We hope that this fine collection of articles will be beneficial and valuable to stimulate a further research. Yogyakarta, December 2015 Editor Vol 1. No. 2, December 2015 ISSN : 2460 - 7142 iv TABLE OF CONTENT Vol.1 No.2, December 2015 Editorial board ................................................................................................. ii Preface ............................................................................................................. iii Table of content ............................................................................................... iv “THE USE OF RECAST IN TEACHING OF GRAMMAR FOR HIGH AND LOW ACHIEVERS” Olyvia Revalita Candraloka ............................................................................ 108-118 “PROJECT-BASED COLLABORATIVE WRITING IN TEACHING GRAMMAR FOR STUDENTS WITH HIGH AND LOW MOTIVATION” KuntoNurcahyoko ....................................................................................................... 119-135 “INTEGRATIVE GRAMMAR IN TEACHING ACADEMIC WRITING” Nicolas Lodawik Ouwpoly ............................................................................... 136-150 “THE REALIZATION OF INTERPERSONAL NEGOTIATION IN THE CONVERSATION” Elysa Hartati .................................................................................................... 151-169 “DISCOURSE AS SOCIAL PRACTICE ON ABDUL QODIR JAELANI (AQJ) CASE” SuhartiniSyukri dan Isna Humaerah ............................................................... 170-183 “THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CLASSROOM DISCUSSION IN IMPROVING ENGLISH SPEAKING SKILL AMONG THE STUDENTS OF SMP N 3 DEPOK” Agustinus Hary Setyawan ................................................................................ 184-202 “THE 2013 CURRICULUM BASED SYLLABUS FOR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL’S ENGLISH EXTRACURRICULAR PROGRAM” Masrur Mustolih .............................................................................................. 203-215 Notes for contributors ...................................................................................... 216 Vol 1. No. 2, December 2015 ISSN : 2460 - 7142 170 Discourse as Social Practice on Abdul Qodir Jaelani (AQJ) Case Suhartini Syukri1, Isna Humaerah State Islamic Institute of Kendari, Indonesia 1Email: ukhtt3nee@gmail.com ABSTRACT This study aims at describing social practices and explaining social agents’ thought and belief in the discourse of Abdul QodirJaelani (AQJ). It uses a descriptive qualitative approach in the form of discourse analysis, by utilizing the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and appraisal devices as instruments. The data obtained were 10 written newspaper textsof AQJ case taken from the Jakarta Post online newspaper. The units of analyses of the study are the whole texts in general and the clauses in particular. The results show that in situational level, the news productions are based on the continuity of situational development of AQJ case; in institutional level, the economic media of the Jakarta Post is more stable and the politics media involves the journalists’ ideology stance in which represent readers’ ideology; in the social level, the news attempt to attract readers’ critical thinking of the AQJ case. Moreover, the social agents employed all three resources of attitudes that tend to be negative in terms of judgment, appreciation and affect. In sum, this study shows that meanings were realized through the representation of social agents and social events, afterwards the evaluation of kinds of attitudes were also negotiated in the news texts of AQJ. Keywords : appraisal system, discourse analysis, news articles, social agents, social practice INTRODUCTION It has been generally observed that language as social semiotic deals with its function, that is, as a tool of communication. In social context, Fairclough (1989:20) defines it as language as a form of social practice. This paper examines the use of discourse as language choice relates to a specific context, particularly in news media. Nowadays, media attentions on sensational outcomes more focus on fear, and selling story dealing with courts. As Schulz (2010) proves that family dispute sounds quiet unless a simple formula resounds in media issues. Media discourse shows how the news realizes in the text that informs the readers in negotiating the issues. One of the popular issues in Indonesia is about children protection law which relates to Ahmad Abdul Qodir Jaelani (henceforth AQJ or usually called Dul), who had an Vol 1. No. 2, December 2015 ISSN : 2460 - 7142 171 accident in Jagorawi toll. a fatal accident which happenedin Jagorawi toll road, KM 8-200, Pondok Indah, South Jakarta, on Sunday, September 8th 2013 at 1.45 AM. Six people were reported dead, and nine people were injured, including Abdul Qadir Jaelani (AQJ), the youngest son of musician Ahmad Dhani and Maia Estianty. He is the main suspect of the accident happened. According to Police spokesperson Sr. Comr. Rikwanto, in Jakarta on Sunday, as quoted by Antara news agency and theJakarta Post, told that AQJ was driving a Mitsubishi Lancer sedan at a high speed towards Jakarta’s city center when he crashed into a road divider at a toll road, hitting oncoming traffic, including a Daihatsu Gran Max mini van and a Toyota Avanza mini van. The transparency of AQJ case in the media re-sparked public debate about the children protection law. Related to the car crash, Sambodo as spokesman police explained that the police would have to use the existing Law No. 3/1997 on Juvenile Court and Law No. 23/2002 on child protectionby the punishment at least 3 years that should be 6 years since his underage(The Jakarta Post, Sun, Sept 15 2013). The one who is very responsible for the case directly addressed to Dul’s parents. Ahmad Dhani as the parent has already met the families of the car crash victims, and promised them compensation to pay for the education expenses of the victims’ children, among other things. Nevertheless, in accordance to the law which is prescribed in Indonesia, Dul gets the punishments based on some considerations as the consequences of his recklessness. A news article is dealing with what people feelings and comments when they read AQJ case and what issues or values that implied in the news article. It will be a representative of social practice as what occasion and events emerge in news. According to Warren (1999) in Kovach (2001:80), newspapers are not only vehicle of what is called news; they are common instruments of social intercourse, by which the citizens constantly discourse and debate with each other on subject, of public concern. Kovach (2001) adds that our society need news to life our lives, to protect ourselves, bond with each other, identify friends and enemies. Therefore, it is reasonable that news influence the quality of our Vol 1. No. 2, December 2015 ISSN : 2460 - 7142 172 lives, or thoughts and our culture. In the other side, since each text in news articles is produced interactively between speakers and writers and (potential) readers, it can be used to interpret the interaction it manifests. Further, each interaction is an instance of the speakers’ culture. Eventually, the different communicative events which obviously appear will create text in the discourse field. Journalism is one of the media used in conveying the information and mostly takes the interaction between those three elements; they are speakers, writers and readers. By reading news in media, it can enrich our knowledge and information about the worlds, and it may provide an authentic source for English education field. Besides, it can be seen how the writers’ feeling and thinking about something in assessing behavior and the values of something, that so-called as appraisal. This study shows the realizing the appraisal system of AQJ case in the Jakarta Post news media Discourse as Social Practice According to Fairclough (1989:29), discourse and practice are controlled by independent networks which can call ‘orders’. They are social orders and orders of discourse. Social order refers to such a structuring of a particular social ‘space’ into various domains associated with various types of practices. Social orders as structure includes of types of practice. They comprise in relating to each other or structured. Likewise, orders of discourse will differ in both discourse types, and the way they are structured. Discourse analysis of the media allows us to describe and assess this sharing of meaning in close detail. It analyses which representations of the social world predominate and what kinds of interactions media texts set up between people and the world and between the powerful and the rest (Matheson, 2005:1) or it is so-called as the power behind the text constructed (Fairclough, 1989:43). In addition, it analyses how meaning is made differently in different media texts, and therefore what different ways of seeing and thinking tend to be found there. Fairclough (1995a:57) points thatCritical Discourse Analysis (CDA) Vol 1. No. 2, December 2015 ISSN : 2460 - 7142 173 should know ‘the social and cultural goings-on’ which the text is a part of them.Thompson (1985, as cited in Fairclough 1995b:36) adds that mass communication has certain special properties which distinguish it from other forms of communication, and which partly attributable to the nature of the technologies which it deploys. Properties and spatial setting shows that a communicative event in media can actually be seen as a chain of communicative events (Fairclough, 1995b:37). The fundamental point is the time and place production of mass communication text is different from the time and place consumption, when an audience or readers views or hears or reads it. Indeed a mass communication text is likely to be consumed in various sorts of place and at various times particularly nowadays when the internet or broadcast news can be easily accessed anytime. In approach to the media discourse, the media are shaped by the wider society. In terms of sociocultural practices, there are various levels that may constitute parts of the context of discourse practice; they are situational, institutional, and societal level (Fairclough, 1995b:38). Situational implies how the text produced by considering situational aspect when a news/text produced. It may be different between one text among others by responding certain situations and social contexts. Institutional level indicates how the influence of institution in this case media of the Jakarta Post in production the discourse. It may come from internal or external power to determine the process of news production. The economic and political media certainly determine discourse that emerges in news media. Further, in the societal level, social factors will determine how the media production (Fairclough, 1995b:39- 45).Thus, he emphasizes that the media discourse plays a vital role in the diffusion of such social and cultural changesFairclough (1995b:51). The case of AQJ can be taken into kinds of social events (text) in which it can be produced by the social practice in discourse. It appears in media texts, and then it becomes the social structures which represent the social habitual and social life of the AQJ and people around him as a part of societies. In sum, the order of Vol 1. No. 2, December 2015 ISSN : 2460 - 7142 174 discourse structures component discourses in a particular way that can be referred to the order of discourse of the society as a whole. It can be determined by changing relationship of power at the level of social institutions or level of the society. Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) on the Media Discourse Drawing on a variety of disciplines such as linguistics, sociolinguistics, and philosophy, Critical Discourse Analysis explores the relationship between “language/discourse/speech and social structure uncovering ways in which social structure impinges on discourse patterns, relations, and models (in the form of power relations, ideological effects, and so forth)” (Terry, 2013:43). He adds that CDA stresses to discourse as dialectical in the “ways in which individuals move through such institutionalized discursive regimes, constructing selves, social categories, and social realities”, meaning that discourse prescribes and is prescribed by the power relations within the social situation that surrounds exigencies of the discourse. Critical Discourse Analysis is ameans of criticizing or critiquing the social order of power and inequality in language (Van Dijk, 2001). In other words, it is critical because it is rooted in a thorough critique of social relations. As such, CDA is “primarily studies the way social power abuse, dominance, and inequality are enacted, reproduced, and resisted by text and talk in the social and political context” (Van Dijk, 2001: 352). It considers language as social practice where a relationship exists between an event and the situation in which it occurs. This is a valuable tenant in understanding CDA because it leads to new ways of analyzing texts in relationship to race, class, gender, and nationality, and the ways in which these ideas help to encode discourse with socially constructed and governed ideologies. Rahmani (2010:33) elaborates the types of Fairclough’s CDA that, 1) Text: analyzing the text, Fairclough applies his analysis to all of lexicogrammatical and semantic properties of text; simultaneously he looks at text form different views as SFG always does. (Metafunctions); 2) Discourse practices: this practice can be divided in two institutional process Vol 1. No. 2, December 2015 ISSN : 2460 - 7142 175 and discourse process. Discourse practice straddles the division between society and culture on one hand and discourse and language and text on the other hand; and 3) Socio-cultural practice: sociocultural practice for Fairclough contains the analysis of text with a special attention to economic, cultural and political. In addition, Fairclough remarks that there are three level of analysis in sociocultural; they are situational level, institutional level, and social level (Fairclough, 1995b:35-52). In the level of situational, it deals with how the situational provides the issues to be considered. Moreover, Eriyanto (2012:322) emphasizes that a text that is produced to be news can be influenced by the situational aspects when it is created. In the level of institutional, it deals with the online newspaper of the Jakarta Post, as the media. The institutional level sees how the influences of organization of institution in discourse practice. It comes from the media itself and the external powers outside the media that also determine the production of the text in media. Eriyanto (2012:323) broadens that the importance factors in the institutional level is associated with politics of media and economics media. The politics of media, according to Fairclough (1995b:36), should be considered in media analysis as well. He argues that media discourses "contribute to reproducing social relations of domination and exploitation" (Fairclough, 1995b:44). In the social level, it can be seen that social factors are very influential to the text produced in the media. Fairclough (1995b) asserts that in media, text is determined by the social changes. In the social level, for instance, culture settles the development of news in the media. Eriyanto (2012:325) specifies that the social level is viewed in the macro analysis, such as politics system, economic and culture of society as the whole. Moreover, Mahfoudz (2013:130) remarks that ideological role of a language within the news discourse attempts in constructing representations of society.Text production can be considered by the writers’ ideology and the culture or social context where the writers or social agents live and where the news articles are produced. The systems determine who has the power, what values are dominant in the society, and Vol 1. No. 2, December 2015 ISSN : 2460 - 7142 176 how the values and the power of certain groups effect and regulate the media. Appraisal System Language is realized in a text to be meaningful. It means that there will be some key sets of resources for making meaning as text. Khoo, Nourbakhsh and Jin-Chean (2012) reveal that appraisal theory for adoption in manual as well as automatic sentiment analysis of news text (p.858). In addition, Martin and Rose (2003:66) propose the keys; they are appraisal, ideation, conjunction, identification, and periodicity. Ideation focuses on the ‘content of a discourse, it concerns with how our experiences of ‘reality’, material and symbolic, is construed in discourse (2003:66). Conjunction looks at inter- connections between process: adding, comparing, sequencing, or explaining them (Martin and Rose, 2003:110), identification is concerned with tracking participants: with introducing people and things into discourse concerning with how discourse makes sense to the reader, by keeping track of identities. Then, periodicity concerned with information flow with the way in which meanings are packaged to make it easier for us to make sense them (Martin and Rose, 2003:175). Moreover, Eggins and Slade (1997:125) state “appraisal analysis examines the attitudinal meanings of words used in conversation. There are four categories of appraisal. Those are appreciation, affect, judgment, and amplification.” Moreover, Martin & Rose, (2003:22) defines appraisal as system of interpersonal meaning. In line with this, value takes part in the appraisal. Generally, value is always composed of two kinds of comparisons among elements in a system. The first is that dissimilar things can be compared and exchanged, and the second is that similar things can be compared and exchanged(Martin & Rose, 2003:23). By looking the appraisals occur in the news media it can be concluded what actually people think and believe about the issue arise. This study focuses on attitude as the realization of appraisal system. Attitude can be classified into several kinds. Martin and Rose (2003:28-29) as well as White (2001:22) classify three kinds of attitude: affect judgment Vol 1. No. 2, December 2015 ISSN : 2460 - 7142 177 and appreciation. First, Affect is evaluation by means of the writer/speaker indicating how they are emotionally disposed to the person, thing, happening or state of affairs. It includes of this study adopts Martin and White (2005:49) kinds of affect and groups emotions into three major sets having to do with happiness or (in)happiness, satisfaction or (in)satisfaction, and security (in)security. In other side, White (2001:23) categorizes general emotions to the values that fall into fear and distress, hate and contempt, anger, love and happiness. In the appraisal system, there are three subtypes of attitudes, they are; affect, judgment and appreciation (Martin and Rose, 2003:25). First, Affect is evaluation by means of the writer/speaker indication how they are emotionally disposed to the person. thing, happening or state affairs (White, 2001:22). Second, judgment (ethics) is normative assessments of human behavior typically making reference to rules or conventions of behavior (Martin and Rose, 2003:26; White, 2001:23). In addition, Martin and Rose (2003:28) only categorize judgment of character as direct and implied, where it can be personally or morally judged positive or negative in terms of admire and praise or criticize and condemn.Third,appreciation (aesthetic s) is assessments of the form, appearance, composition, impact, significance etc. of human artifacts, natural objects as well as human individuals (but not of human behavior) by reference to aesthetics and other systems of social value (Martin and Rose, 2003:27). METHODS This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach in the form of discourse analysis. The data were obtained from ten (10) news articles consisting one (1) editorial news article, one (1) entertainment article, four (4) Jakarta news articles, one (1) opinion article, and three (3) reader’s forum articles. The data were written texts. They were gained in the form of documentation and closely reading. To manage them, some techniques are involved to obtain the data. They are data reduction, data displaying, and drawing conclusion. The data reduction and the data displaying are Vol 1. No. 2, December 2015 ISSN : 2460 - 7142 178 also in line with sorting data and description in the data analysis. Moreover, the description, the data analysis and the interpretation are also included in the procedure of data analysis.There are two terms of analysis. They are analysis of social practice and appraisal system. In analyzing the social practice, this study uses analyzing area of Fairclough’s CDA; they are social cultural and discourse practice. Then, in analyzing the text of news articles (appraisal system analysis), they are identified by breaking up the news into sentences, chunks or clauses for further analysis. After that, each chunk is analyzed based on appraisal system network utilizing Martin and Rose (2003) and White (2001). After that, the analysis of attitude is done by showing the affect, judgment and appreciation system.Then, the interpretation aims to show the findings to be settled in the conclusion as the social practice and appraisal system used in discourse of AQJ. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION Social Practice Analysis Analysis of socio cultural practice is constructed the assumption that social context outside the media influences how the discourse occurs in the media itself. In this case, this study initiated the findings of some context of situation and context of culture that viewed the social practice of AQJ case as the focus of this current study. They were inevitably influenced by the writer’s culture in general and the ideologies of the social agents as the writers, the participant, and of course the social life of AQJ as the core focuses of analysis. In the situational level, the new values that occur in the AQJ news articles are prominence and timeliness. The news are indicated prominence due the media blow up the well-known of AQJ as the son of popular musicians, moreover the news is included to the general views of the high social class in society, particularly in Indonesia. Likewise, the timeliness value is also considered since the importance of enlargement of the case should be presented to consume as soon as possible otherwise they will lose their newsworthiness. This study examined ten (10) news articles about AQJ as the representative news that available in Vol 1. No. 2, December 2015 ISSN : 2460 - 7142 179 the Jakarta Post online newspaper. Each of them was constructed based on the different situational as the sequence of events which happened along with the case to maintain public interest. The researcher obtained news from different column as part of the newspaper, and eventually it was obviously seen that different situation attracted readers to comment. In general, Table 1 summarized the topics of each news. Table 1 Summary topics of AQJ news In terms of institutional level, the institutional here means the media specifically the Jakarta Post. The readers can access theJakarta Post newspaper both in the media press and online media in its website, http://www.thejakartapost.com. In the level of institutional, in terms of media discourse, In theJakarta Post online newspaper, it previews some advertisements. Moreover, its edition and other publications also printed out into the Jakarta Post printed newspaper, Bali daily and Sunday edition. Those facts show the stability of its economy since it still can be accessed and consumed by the readers nowadays. In addition, the Jakarta Post has covered the politics of media, in which the ideology of the writers as well as social agents can be obviously shown in the way they produce the text as news articles and the opinion and commentaries about AQJ case. It can bridge the inspiration, people think and believe, proofed by how the media convey public’s message in the views rubric and how they blow the News News Topic/ Date 1. Ahmad Dhani’s son (refers to AQJ) named suspect after investigation by police in the car crash location (Sept, 09 2013) 2. Ahmad Dhani’s son must get tough sanctions of his deed. (Sept, 09 2013) 3. Monster Kids (Sept, 11 2013) 4. Ahmad Dhani to pay compensation to crash victims (Sept, 11 2013) 5. Police to send second later to AQJ’s parents (Ahmad Dhani and Maia Estianty) (Sept, 12 2013) 6. Opinion about parents who sometimes allow their children as underage driver. Parents, don’t give keys car to your children (Sept, 12 2013) 7. Police put off questioning Dul (AQJ) due to health issues (Sept, 26 2013) 8. Dhani to sue insurance company (Oct, 03 2013) 9. Dul’s file delivered to district attorney (Nov, 15 2013) 10 Dani’s son faces prison over reckless driving (Feb, 28 2014) http://www.thejakartapost.com/ Vol 1. No. 2, December 2015 ISSN : 2460 - 7142 180 case in the reader’s forum and other rubrics to give the information of AQJ case as media politics media obligatory as the bridge of nation and society. In social level, it shows that the permissive culture which Ahmad Dhani as a parent gives to Dul as a minor allow him to be brave in doing something includes also taking his father’s car key without permission. Dul did not think about the consequence because of his father is sometimes busy of his job and for reminding that he has new family and so-called ‘Republic Cinta’ management makes him permissively tolerate with his son’s deed. In terms of how the social agents of this news of AQJ, it can be seen how the people thought and believe about this case. Most of the people regret about the AQJ case. Society believes that it cannot be happened when the children are protected and educated well. Environment, includes of AQJ social live, his friends, environment surrounding him, school, particularly his parents shape his attitudes and deeds. It represents social act, where nowadays, most of the children have similar case. Our government, society and also family should be aware of this. Appraisal System Analysis Appraisal system shows the social agents’ think of and believe in the AQJ case. It deals with what kinds of appraisal devices that emerge in the news articles of AQJ. Table 2 Result of appraisal system analysis (quantification) No. Attitude Evaluation Ʃ % Total 1. Affect Positive *positive 9 3 11 5.98 % 23 (12.5 %) Negative *Negative 11 1 12 6.52 % 2. Judgment Positive *positive 19 5 24 13.04 % 102 (55.43%) Negative *negative 77 1 78 42.39 % 3. Appreciation Positive *positive 22 2 24 13.04 % 59 (32.06%) Negative *negative 34 1 35 19.02 % Total 184 100 184 Vol 1. No. 2, December 2015 ISSN : 2460 - 7142 181 Table 1 above shows the most attitudes appear in the news of AQJ is judgment. The differences in the percentage and the quantity statistically can be seen in the table 2. Negative judgment also came from judging personally of social agents relates with the AQJ, especially for Dul’s parents and assessment of their behavior especially AQJ as minor. The negative judgment of personal and moral predominantly came from readers’ comment whether direct or imply, by the highest judgment is propriety that is, about how ethical people behave. The appreciation is also more negative. By placing writers as the representative of social agents, journalists, social actors, and the readers represented their appreciation by their own perception. Journalists based on their ethics have a power and attempt to be more objective than readers. Meanwhile, the social actors as well as readers were more subjective in appreciate the AQJ case. It shows that the discourse contributes sustainability of social power (Johadi and Abdullah, 2012: 68). The least frequently used in the news is negative. Most the news comprised in the direct or implicit statement. It involves the writers as ‘non-authorial’ minor in the form of ‘authorial’. It indicates how social agents’ feeling about the case, and how they responded emotionally the person, thing, happening or being evaluated. In sum, the most appraisal system occurred were negative in case of facing the social phenomena such AQJ case. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION Sociocultural practices are the analysis of three levels of situational, institution, and social in certain cases. Situational level is generated by considering situational aspect when the texts are produced. Amongst text of AQJ, they obviously reveal different situation of each text. The Jakarta Post as the institution in this study, attempts to maintain readers’ attention on AQJ, by creating various situational context and qualified news. Moreover, it reflects the economic media as well as political media. In terms of social level, it generally shows how the social agents think of and believe on the AQJ case. With the Vol 1. No. 2, December 2015 ISSN : 2460 - 7142 182 ideology of social actors and commentaries from what journalists established in the news of AQJ, it perceives how the text represented the ideology of the writers, as well as the appraisal system that mostly appeared in negative evaluation. REFERENCES Eggins, S. 2004. An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics(2nd ed.). London: Pinter Publisher. Eggins, S. and Slade, D. 1997. Analyzing Casual Conversation. London: Wellington House. Eriyanto. 2012. Analisis Wacana, Pengantar Analisis Teks Media. Yogyakarta: LKiS. Fairclough, N. 1989. Language and Power. Singapore: Longman Singapore. Fairclough, N. 1995a. Critical Discourse Analysis: The Critical Study of Language. London: Longman. Fairclough, N. 1995b. Media Discourse. London: Edward Arnold. Halliday, M.A.K. 1994. An introduction to functional grammar. 2nd. London: Edward Arnold. Jahedi, M. and Abdullah, F.S. 2012. “POST-SEPTEMBER 11 DISCOURSE: THE CASE OF IRAN IN THE NEW YORK TIMES”. International Journal of English Linguistics, 2012, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 59-70 Retrieved on 3 Nov 2014 From: http://www.ccsenet.org/journal /index.php/ijel/article/view/146 69/10025 Khoo, C. S. G., Nourbaksh, A. and Jin-Chen, N. 2012. “Sentiment Analysis of Online News Text: A Case Study 0f Appraisal Theory”. OIR (Online Information Review), 2012, Vol. 36 No.6, pp. 858-878, Retrieved on 3 Nov 2014 from: http://search.proquest.com/doc view/1193817321/fulltextPDF/ D7439B6899BF4788PQ/53?ac countid=38628 Kovach, B. & Rosentiel, T. 2001. The Element of Journalism- what News People should Know and The Public should Expect. New York: Crown Publishers. Mahfoudz, A.R. 2013. “A Critical Discourse Analysis of The Police News Story Framing in Two Egyptian Newspapers Before January 25 Revolution European Scientific Journal.” Vol. 9 No. 8, pp. 309-332 Retrieved on 3 Nov 2014 From: http://search.proquest.com/doc view/1524660047/565C8DD20 27A4149PQ/6?accountid=386 28 Martin, J. R. & Rose, D. 2003. Working with Discourse, http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ijel/article/view/14669/10025 http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ijel/article/view/14669/10025 http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ijel/article/view/14669/10025 http://search.proquest.com/docview/1193817321/fulltextPDF/D7439B6899BF4788PQ/53?accountid=38628 http://search.proquest.com/docview/1193817321/fulltextPDF/D7439B6899BF4788PQ/53?accountid=38628 http://search.proquest.com/docview/1193817321/fulltextPDF/D7439B6899BF4788PQ/53?accountid=38628 http://search.proquest.com/docview/1193817321/fulltextPDF/D7439B6899BF4788PQ/53?accountid=38628 http://search.proquest.com/docview/1524660047/565C8DD2027A4149PQ/6?accountid=38628 http://search.proquest.com/docview/1524660047/565C8DD2027A4149PQ/6?accountid=38628 http://search.proquest.com/docview/1524660047/565C8DD2027A4149PQ/6?accountid=38628 http://search.proquest.com/docview/1524660047/565C8DD2027A4149PQ/6?accountid=38628 Vol 1. No. 2, December 2015 ISSN : 2460 - 7142 183 Meaning Beyond the Clause. London: Continuum. Matheson, D. 2005. Media Discourses:Analysis Media Texts. New York: Open University Press. Rahmani, D. 2005. “Change In Practice: A Critical Discourse Analysis of New York Times’ Approach Toward Iran, Before And After Obama”. Thesis. Razi University. Retrieved 6 December 2013 from www.bookza.org. Schulz,P. D. 2012. “Family, Courts and Media Dis courses: The Contested Spaces of Time, andthe Politics of the Protection of Children".Childre n Australia, Vol. 37 (4), pp 142-150, Retrieved 3 November 2014 from http://search.proquest.com/doc view/1138614035/fulltextPDF/ 6D8D20EBBD9C45BCPQ/37? accountid=38628 Terry, D. 2013. The Critical Discourse Analysis paradox: A Brief Research Reflection. The Internet Journal Language, Culture and Society. 38(1):42- 44.Retrieved 3 November 2013 from http://aaref.com.au/en/publicati ons/journal/ Van Dijk, T.A. 2001. Critical Discourse Analysis: Handbook of Discourse Analysis. Oxford : Blackwell. White, P.R. 2001. Appraisal, an Overview. Available at www. gramatics.com/appraisal. http://search.proquest.com/docview/1138614035/fulltextPDF/6D8D20EBBD9C45BCPQ/37?accountid=38628 http://search.proquest.com/docview/1138614035/fulltextPDF/6D8D20EBBD9C45BCPQ/37?accountid=38628 http://search.proquest.com/docview/1138614035/fulltextPDF/6D8D20EBBD9C45BCPQ/37?accountid=38628 http://search.proquest.com/docview/1138614035/fulltextPDF/6D8D20EBBD9C45BCPQ/37?accountid=38628 http://aaref.com.au/en/publications/journal/ http://aaref.com.au/en/publications/journal/ http://www.gramatics.com/appraisal http://www.gramatics.com/appraisal