193 JPJO 4 (2) (2019) 193-197 Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga http://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/penjas/index Sport Development Index of Banyumas Regency Ngadiman, Indra Jati Kusuma, Rifqi Festiawan Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Indonesia Article Info Article History : Received March 2019 Revised June2019 Accepted July 2019 Available online September 2019 Keywords : Sport Development Index Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi keberhasilan pemerintah daerah da- lam pembangunan dibidang olahraga ditinjau dari aspek ketersediaan ruang terbuka, partisipasi masyarakat, sumber daya keolahragaan, dan tingkat kebugaran masyarakat (Sport Development Index). Oleh karena itu, maka pendekatan penelitian ini bersifat penelitian evaluatif. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan stratified random sam- pling dan cluster sampling. Karakter dasar populasi yang digunakan mencakup; perbe- daan tingkat kemajuan suatu wilayah, perbedaan gender laki-laki dan perempuan, perbedaan usia anak umur 7-12 tahun, remaja usia 13-17 tahun dan dewasa usia 18-40 tahun, sedangkan dasar kluster yang digunakan adalah wilayah kecamatan dan desa atau keluraan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa indeks ruang terbuka termasuk kategori rendah (0,180), indeks sumber daya manusia termasuk kategori sedang (0,551), indeks partisipasi masyarakat termasuk kategori sedang (0,572), dan indeks kebugaran termasuk kategori rendah (0,488). Secara keseluruhan, Indeks Pem- bangunan Olahraga Kabupaten Banyumas pada tahun 2010 termasuk kategori rendah 0,487. Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the local government’s success in its devel- opment, especially in the field of sports from the aspect of open space availability, community participation, sport resource, and community fitness level (Sport Develop- ment Index). Therefore, an evaluative research approach was employed in this study. The research employed both stratified random sampling and cluster sampling tech- niques. The population basic characteristics included the differences of regional pro- gress level, gender between male and female, age ranging from children aged 7-12 year old, adolescents aged 13-17 year old, and adults aged 18-40 year old, while the basic cluster characteristics used were district and sub-district or village. The research results showed that the open space index was classified in low category (0.180), human resource index in medium category (0.551), public participation index in medium cate- gory (0.572), and physical fitness index in low category (0.488). Simultaneously, the Sport Development Index of Banyumas Regency in 2010 is classified in low category (0.487).  Correspondence Address : Jl. Profesor DR. HR Boenyamin No.708, Kabupaten Banyumas, Indonesia E-mail : rifqi.festiawan@gmail.com ISSN 2580-071X (online) ISSN 2085-6180 (print) DOI : 10.17509/jpjo.v4i2.19181 194 Ngadiman et.al / Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga 4 (2) (2019) INTRODUCTION Based on Law No. 3 year 2005 concerning on Indonesian National Sport System, it is mentioned that the pillar of sports is not only dealing with sport achievements, but also sport education and recreation. By simply measuring the sport success based on med- als, we have belittled the meaning of sport education and recreation. Based on the national data taken from the Central Bureau of Statistics 2005, it shows that peo- ple who do sports for achievement purposes are only 7.8%, while for health purposes 65.2% and others 27.0%. Thus, it is obviously inappropriate when the sport success is only measured from the sport achieve- ments with the number of medals used as the indicator. The sport index in European countries is devel- oped based on seven indicators explaining the social significance of recreational sports, sport clubs, sport schools, population access for sports, socio-political and economic sport significance, as well as the im- portance of professional sports (Otmar Weiss, 2016). In Finland, the changes in success and development of sport policies cover three international sport phases: amateurism, totalization and professionalism (Pasi Ko- ski and Jari Lämsä, 2015). Meanwhile, in Switzerland, the development of community sports has a relatively higher participation rate, yet the differences between regions in the original country are closely related to the historical, cultural, and economic factors (Hanspeter Stamm and Markus Lamprecht, 2011). The government policy on sport sectors as stipu- lated in Government Regulation No. 16 Year 2007 Arti- cle 92 has provided an operational explanation on the requirements of Sport Minimum Service Standards, including: open space for sports, human resources in sports, community participation, and community physi- cal fitness level. In its development, those four dimen- sions become the bases for measuring the progress of sports development better known as Sport Development Index, here in after abbreviated as SDI (Mutohir, 2003). Nationally, the Indonesian SDI in 2005 is only at 0.220 which is classified in low category. Meanwhile, the SDI in 2006, that figure increases up to 0.280, yet is still classified in low category (Kemenegpora, 2007). In the following years, some regions make similar studies. The results of a research conducted by Dasar, S., & Decheline (2017) show that Jambi City Sport Develop ment Index is in low category (0.318). Similarly, the Sport Development Index in Pontianak is also only at 0.302 (Permana, 20156). Banyumas regency is one of three major develop- ment areas for the achievement-based sports in Central Java, after Semarang and Surakarta. However, no stud- ies have been conducted from the aspect of sport devel- opment index (SDI) as the indicator for a simultaneous sport development success. METHODS The focus of this research was to measure the sport development index in Banyumas Regency. The results of this research were expressed through index in the form of figures that this research is classified into a quantitative research type. As the purpose of this re- search was to evaluate the success of local government in the development, especially in the field of sports, an evaluative research approach was then conducted. Both stratified random sampling and cluster sampling tech- nique were employed. The stratification was required to present the existing regional and community conditions in Banyumas regency that were greatly heterogeneous. Meanwhile, the cluster sampling was used considering to the research target area. The basic population characters used: 1) differ- ences in regional development levels: developed, devel- oping, and underdeveloped. 2) gender differences of male and female, 3) age differences ranging from chil- dren aged 7-12 year old, adolescents aged 13-17 years old and adults aged 18-40 year old. The cluster area components used were district and sub-district/village. The population targets included 27 districts and 301 sub -districts/villages that 3 districts were randomly select- ed, consisting of North Purwokerto district representing the developed regional level category, Wangon district representing the developing regional level category, and Banyumas district representing the underdeveloped re- gional level category. Three sub-districts/villages were then also randomly selected from each selected district. Each sub-district consisted of 30 people that the number of samples in one district was 90 people. Thus, the total research samples were 270 samples. The research data sources consisted of both prima- http://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/penjas/index DOI : 10.17509/jpjo.v4i2.19181 195 ry and secondary data. The primary data consisted of community participation, open space availability, hu- man resource in sports, and community physical fitness. Meanwhile, the secondary data covered number of pop- ulation, regional area, and potential in sports. Thus, the data were collected with several sampling techniques: 1) Observation, used to obtain information about; re- gional area, number of population, potential in sports, human resource, and open space; 2) Questionnaire, used to obtain information about; community participa- tion in sports; 3) Test, used to obtain information about; community physical fitness level, that Multi Stage Fit- ness (MFT) test was conducted; 4) Interview, used to obtain deeper information from the credible and related informants. RESULT AND DISCUSSION a. Open Space Open space availability may be utilized by the communities for sport activities in those three districts is presented in the table below: The results of data analysis from those three dis- tricts show that the open space index for sports in Banyumas Regency is 0,180. Based on SDI criteria, this figure is classified in low category. a. Human Resources The existing human resources, such as sport coaches, physical education teachers, and sport instruc- tors in those three districts are shown in the table be- low: The results of data analysis from those three dis- tricts show that the human resource index in Banyumas Regency is 0.546. Based on SDI criteria, this figure is classified in medium category. c. Public participation Public participation is the direct and active in- volvement of communities as the sport actors either formally or informally in those three districts as pre- sented in the table below: The results of data analysis from those three dis- tricts show that the community participation index in Banyumas Regency is 0.572. Based on SDI criteria, this figure is classified in medium category. d. Physical fitness Physical fitness in this case refers to the level of body's capacity to perform activities without significant fatigue experienced by the community in those three districts as presented in the table below: The results of data analysis from those three sub- districts show that the physical fitness index in Banyumas Regency is 0.517. Based on SDI criteria, this figure is classified in medium category. The results of data analysis obtained from each dimension in those three districts are then used as the basic calculation for SDI index in Banyumas Regency. Each dimension index may be seen in table 5. http://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/penjas/index DOI : 10.17509/jpjo.v4i2.19181 Table 1. The r esu lt of the Post Hoc Tukey Test Ngadiman et.al / Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga 4 (2) (2019) Aspect Wangon District North Purwokerto District Banyumas District SDI Open Space 0.179 0.146 0.215 Average 0.180 Table 2. Human Resour ce Index Analytical Results Aspect Wangon District North Purwokerto District Banyumas District SDI Human Resource 0.865 0.514 0.274 Average 0.546 Table 3. Community Par ticipation Index Analytical Resu lts Aspect Wangon District North Purwokerto District Banyuma s District SDI Public Partici- 0.635 0.835 0.246 Average 0.572 Table 4. Physical Fitness Index Analytical Results Aspect Wangon District North Purwokerto District Banyumas District SDI Physical Fitness 0.609 0.473 0.469 Average 0.517 196 The results of data analysis from those three dis- tricts in Banyumas Regency show the average SDI in- dex of 0.487 which is classified in low category. DISCUSSION Open The open space index of 0.180 indicates low category. In facts, this index is similar with that nation- ally in 2004 by 0.380, in 2005 by 0.110, and in 2006 by 0.266 (Mutohir and Maksum, 2007). Open space refers to a place designated for sports activities by a number of communities in the form of buildings and or lands. Thus, open space is greatly required by the communi- ties to perform physical activities. However, with the resulted low index, it can be concluded that the ratio between the availability of open space with the number of population above 7 years in Banyumas Regency is still lacking. This condition may be clearly explained that although there are still many open land areas in rural areas, yet not intended as places for sport activi- ties. On the other hand, the open spaces in urban areas are greatly difficult to obtain for sport activities. Thus, it is not surprising that the parking lots, parks, and road bodies are used to perform sport activities, such as foot- ball by adolescents. The human resource index of 0.551 is classified in moderate category. That index is higher than that na- tionally in 2004 by 0.115, 2005 by 0.047, and in 2006 by 0.099 (Mutohir and Maksum, 2007). The human resource figure is measured based on the ratio between the numbers of physical education trainers/instructors/ teachers with the population over 7 years old in the re- lated region. Thus, it can be concluded that in Banyumas Regency, the human resources are adequate- ly provided in the form of physical education trainers/ instructors/teachers expected to actively play their roles as the driving forces and facilitators for the communities and local gov- ernment to develop sports in the re- lated regions. This condition may be clearly explained as the annually in- creasing number of high school grad- uates go to college and choose to join the physical education or sport sci- ence study program. The public participation index of 0.572 is classi- fied in medium category. That index is higher than that nationally in 2004 by 0.345, in 2005 by 0.384, and in 2006 by 0.422 (Mutohir and Maksum, 2007). This con- dition shows that participation as a sport development dimension is already high. Thus, public awareness on healthy and active life throughout their life time is get- ting better. It means that the more individuals partici- pating in sport activities in one area, the higher the pub- lic awareness in that area to have a healthy life and quality. Public higher participation reflects their interest and appreciation in sport activities. Thus, it can be con- cluded that participation is believed as a strong founda- tion as the prerequisite for sport buildings of not only the educational and recreational, but also the achieve- ment-based sports. The fitness index of 0.488 is classified in low cate- gory. The index is similar to that nationally in 2004 by 0.540, in 2005 by 0.352, and in 2006 by 0.335 (Mutohir and Maksum, 2007). This figure shows that the level of body's capacity to perform activities without experienc- ing significant fatigue is still low. This condition may explain that science and technology may impact the patterns of community activities. The results of survey conducted by the Health Department in 2001 report that 56% (27% male and 29% female) of people aged 25 years and over suffer from hypertension, 3% with heart disease, 1.2% with diabetes, and 5.9% with obesity (overweight). The Sport Development Index of Banyumas Re- gency in 2010 is 0.487 that it is classified in low cate- gory based on SDI criteria: 0 – 0.499: low; 0.500 – 0.799: medium; and 0.800 - 1: high. Thus, Banyumas Regency which is at the point of 0.487 is in SDI index ranging from zero to one. An index point addition of 0.513 is still required to achieve the condition consid- http://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/penjas/index DOI : 10.17509/jpjo.v4i2.19181 Ngadiman et.al / Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga 4 (2) (2019) Table 5. The Results of SDI Analysis in Banyumas Regency No. District Open Space Index Human Resource Index Public Participation Index Physical Fitness Index SDI 1. Wangon 0.179 0.865 0.635 0.609 0.572 2. North Purwokerto 0.146 0.514 0.835 0.865 0.590 3. Banyumas 0.215 0.274 0.246 0.469 0.301 Average 0.180 0.551 0.572 0.488 0.487 197 ered high or perfect for the sport development. This figure also provides guidance for the policy makers in the field of sports to make various improvements, espe- cially on open space availability aspect. Some efforts may be performed by increasing the availability of open areas provided for the communities to perform sports activities. With these efforts, the Sport Development Index of Banyumas Regency may be continuously in- creased from time to come. CONCLUSION Banyumas Regency open space index is classified in low category, human resource index in medium cate- gory, public participation index in medium category, and physical fitness index in low category. Simultane- ously, the sport development index of Banyumas Re- gency in 2010 is classified in low category. REFERENCES Dasar, S., & Decheline, G. Hasil Pembangunan Olahraga di Kota Jambi Ditinjau dari Sport Develop- ment Index. JURNAL PENDIDIKAN JASMANI DAN OLAHRAGA, 2(2), 61-71. Hanspeter Stamm &Markus Lamprecht. 2011. Swiss sports participation in an international perspective. European Journal for Sport and Society Volume 8. Kemenegpora [State Ministry of Youth and Sports]. 2007. Laporan SDI Nasional Tahun 2004 [National SDI Report of 2004]. Jakarta. Kementerian Negara Pemuda dan Olahraga [State Ministry of Youth and Sports] Mutohir, TC. 2003. 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