62 JPJO 5 (1) (2020) 62-69 Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga Available online at: https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/penjas/article/view/23183 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/jpjo.v5i1.23183 The Effect of Oregon Circuit Training and Fartlek Training on the VO2Max Level of Soedirman Expedition VII Athletes Rifqi Festiawan 1 *, Andri Tria Raharja 2 , Jeane Betty Kurnia Jusuf 2 , Muhammad Nanda Mahardika 2 1 Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Indonesia 2 Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia Article Info Article History : Received September 2019 Revised October 2019 Accepted February 2020 Available online April 2020 Keywords : Circuit Training, Fartlek training, Soedir- man expedition VII, VO2Max Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Oregon Circuit Training dan Lati- han Fartlek terhadap tingkat VO2max pada atlet Soedirman Expedition VII. Metode penelitian menggunakan pre-experimental dengan two group pretest posttest design. Populasi berjumlah 20 orang dan menggunakan teknik total sampling sehingga di- peroleh 20 sampel. Instrumen Penelitian menggunakan Instrumen Multi Stage Fitness Test. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Juni 2019 sampai dengan Oktober 2019. Teknik analisis data diperoleh dengan Uji T. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh dari kedua jenis latihan terhadap peningkatan Vo2Max namun tidak ada perbedaan pengaruh yang signifikan diantara keduanya. Dengan kata lain, semakin sering latihan dilakukan maka semakin baik tingkat Vo2Max Atlet. Abstract The research was aimed at determining the influence of Oregon Circuit Training and Fartlek Exercises on the VO2max level of the Soedirman Expedition VII athletes. The research method used was pre-experimental method with two group pre-tests post-test design. The population were 20 people. The total sampling technique was administered to obtain 20 samples. The research instrument used Multi Stage Fitness Test. This study was conducted from June 2019 to October 2019. The data analysis process was conducted by using T-Test. Results showed that there are influences of both types of exercises on the increase of Vo2Max, but there is no significant influence difference between the two. In other words, the more often the exercise is done, the better the Vo2Max level of the athletes. ,  Correspondence Address : Jl. Profesor DR. HR Boenyamin No.708, Kabupaten Banyumas E-mail : rifqi.festiawan@unsoed.ac.id http://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/penjas/index 63 Rifqi Festiawan, et. al/ Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga 5 (1) (2020) INTRODUCTION In this era of globalization sport becomes very im- portant as one in the effort to decline and prevention of stress levels, health enhancement, as well as mainte- nance efforts and maintain a balance of quality of life. Recreational sport is carried out as part of health and fitness recovery process. The definition of recreational sports is a sport performed at leisure with the aim of gaining health, fitness, attitude and mental refreshment that can regain the strength of both physical and mental, or to gain pleasure. At this time, climbing the mountain has become one of the most popular sports in the world. It is evi- denced by the number of tourists visiting the mountain and people participating in the sports altitude including climbing, trekking and various snow sports (skiing, snowboarding, etc.) Has experienced an increase in re- cent years (Davies et al., 2019). English translation. Every year, more than 100 million tourists travel to high altitude areas around the world. More specifi- cally, about 40 million mountaineers and skiers rose as high as 5,000 m in the Alps (Burtscher et al., 2001). In Africa every year, about 40,000 tourists climb the top of Kilimanjaro with a height of 5,800 m, and more than 4,000 climbers have tried to climb Mt. Aconcagua which is a height of 6,962 m (Sumann et al., 2015). There was a high increase number of climbers in Nepal between 1994 and 2000, amounting to 450%, along with a seven-fold increase in climbers who attempted to rise to some of the most difficult and challenging Hima- layan peaks above 8000 m. From 1995 Up to 2006, more than 30,000 climbers are trying to reach the world's highest peak, Mount Everest (Windsor et al., 2009). But on the other hand, climbing a mountain is a vigorously adventurous sport and requires skill, intelli- gence, strength and high fighting power. Climbing Mountains (mountaineering) is also included in the heavy sports category based on its intensity and energy needs. So not infrequently many problems that often occur when climbing one of them is a physical problem, the expedition participants must have a good physical of each component of physical condition. Preparation of well-done physical exercises will result in satisfactory achievement. Physical exercise also trains participants to adapt to the mountain. In principle, physical exercise preparation is important in the expedition because a good exercise determines the quality and ability to achieve optimal performance demands. The importance of the training preparation model as the foundation of maximum achievement, especially in the mountaineer- ing that corresponds to the physical condition exercise standards itself, where in the open state an interference is very likely Happens, let alone the purpose of an ad- venture in the open nature climb it is for accomplish- ment purposes then physical exercise is very important. Physical condition is the initial provision and as the basic basis to follow exercise exercises in achieving a achievement. Physical condition is the foundation and barometer of achievement of the performance and capa- bility of the body or fitness component required by an athlete (Reza Agus Hariyanto I Ketut Yoda, 2018) English translation. Cardiovascular endurance is often referred to by the term Vo2max (Smirmaul et al., 2013). There are several factors that can affect the level of VO2Max including age, gender, fitness and exercise (P.O & U.G, 2016), in line with the opinion to get a good Vo2max quality, many exercise methods that can be applied such as circuit training methods and Fartlek training. Circuit training is one of the efficient exercises in enhancing physical abilities that include strength, aerobic and anaerobic endurance, flexibility and coordi- nation in one training session. (Kumarassan & Sara- vanan, 2016). To increase VO2Max The training program should be done carefully, systematically, orderly and constant- ly increasing, following the principles and methods of accurate exercise in order to achieve the expected ob- jectives. Thus, an alternative training that can be used and applied to increase VO2 Max is circuit training. Circuit Training is a training system that can improve the overall fitness of the body, namely the power ele- ments, durability, strength, agility, speed, and compo- nents of other physical conditions. Circuit training is an exercise model combining strength, power, speed and endurance exercises anaero- bic or endurance Aerobic. Circuit exercises can be said to influence the athlete's stamina quality in the short term. This is because the circuit exercises include al- most all components of the physical condition per- Copyright © 2020, authors, e-ISSN : 2580-071X , p-ISSN : 2085-6180 64 formed with high tempo simultaneously in a relatively short period of time (Yudiana, 2015). The selection of the training loads in the traning circuit should be adjusted to the general purpose of Circiut traning that is to be achieved. Circuit traning carried out in a designated area has several posts, for example 8 posts. Each post, implementation should be done in the form of certain exercises. Activities in each post are development for all physical fitness compo- nents (Ilissaputra & Suharjana, 2016). The term "circuit training" describes the way a workout is structured rather than the type of exercise performed. It typically consists of a series of exercises or stations completed in succession with minimal rest in between. Circuit routines allow the athlete or coach to create an endless number of workouts and add variety to routine training programs (Night, S Balasingh, 2018). Fartlek training or speed play was created by Gotta Roamer of Sweden. The definition of Fartlek is a endur- ance exercise system which means it is to build, restore or maintain a person's body condition so that it is very good for all sports branches especially sports that re- quire endurance. Fartlek training combines aerobic de- mands with continuous movement with speed intervals, the method of Fartlek training is a very enjoyable exer- cise and aims to increase the strength and capacity of aerobic athletes (Jones, 2016). There have been some previous studies discussing the related circuit training and Fartlek training, includ- ing: based on research from (Prakoso & Sugiyanto, 2017) It was stated that the average calculation for the circuit training method of 33,640 showed that the cir- cuit training had an effect on increasing the capacity of VO2Max extracurricular basketball women in SMA Stella Duce 1 and SMA Stella Duce 2 Yogyakarta. The results of the study findings that a 12-week training program have significantly increased of posi- tive improvement on Vital capacity and VO2 max in women badminton players. There was a significant in- creased on Vital capacity and VO2max due to circuit training (Gokulkrishnan, 2018). This was an expected outcome for the members of the RB Circuit Training protocol, as resistance based training is known for its results in improving muscular strength and endurance (Monaco, 2018). Some of the above studies have al- ready discussed the related circuit training and interval training but no one has associated with Vo2Max capa- bility in mountain climbing athletes, so this research needs to be done given the differences in characteristics METHODS The design of the research used in this research is "two group pretests and posttest Design", in this design there are two groups that are divided with ordinal pair- ing techniques, then given a pretests to know the initial state is there a difference from Experimental group to be researched. A good pretests result if the value of the experiment group does not differ significantly (Sugiyono, 2016). The population used was all of Sudirman VII's expedition athletes numbering 20 people, With an aver- age age of 19-21 years, with male gender, the average weight of the sample is 56.2 Kg and the average body height is 165.3 cm. The sampling technique used is a total sampling. The design ordinal pairing is used to divide into two groups, the test results are taken from most to least, then divided and inserted into group A and group B then paired with A-B-A-B formula, so that Divided into two equally average groups. Group A was given the exercise method of the Oregon Circuit Train- ing, and group B was given a training treatment of Fart- lek Training method. The instrument used by researchers in this study was the Multi stage Fitness Test (MFT) method, to de- termine the Vo2Max level of the Sudirman VII expedi- tion. The calculation of VO2 Max using the MFT (Multistage Fitness test) test can be seen in the follow- ing table 1. The data in this study include: A prerequi- Copyright © 2020, authors, e-ISSN : 2580-071X , p-ISSN : 2085-6180 No Status 18-25 year 1 Very fit >60 2 Fit 52-60 3 Above average 47-51 4 Average 42-46 5 Below average 37-41 6 Not fit 30-36 7 Very not fit <30 Table 1. Age-based fitness norms Rifqi Festiawan, et. al/ Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga 5 (1) (2020) 65 site test that includes data effectiveness test and data homogenization test, followed by a hypothesis test us- ing paired t-test and independent t-test. RESULT This research was conducted 4 times a week at the University of General Sudirman, Purwokerto. The prac- tice process is 16 times the meeting. Variables bound to this research IE levels level Vo2Max athletes. The Data obtained after Multistage Fitness Test (MFT) test can be seen in the table below: The results of the statistical analysis obtained by the value of Minimum= 40, maximum value= 49, mean of the Oregon Circuit Training Group is pre-test = 42 and post-test= 58.5, while average (mean) fartlek Group is pre-test= 43 and post-test= 60.5, then the standard deviation of Oregon Circuit Training Group is pretest= 2,126 and posttest = 2,248, while the standard deviation of fartlek Group is pretest = 1,938 and posttest = 2,816. From table 3, showed that the category is very fit frequency of 0 People with a percentage 0%, then the fit category as much as 0 People with a percentage 0%, next the category above the average there are 7 People with a percentage of 35%, the average category there 10 People with a percentage of 50%, the catego- ry below the average there are 3 People with a per- centage of 15%. Category not fit There are 0 People with a percentage 0%, and the category below is very not fit 0 People with a percentage 0%. From the table 4 , showed that the category is very fit frequency of 4 People with a percentage 20%, then the fit category as much as 16 People with a per- centage 80%, next the category above the average there are 0 People with a percentage of 0%, the average cate- gory there 0 People with a percentage of 0%, the cate- gory below the average there are 0 People with a per- centage of 0%. Category not fit There are 0 People with a percentage 0%, and the category below is very not fit 0 People with a percentage 0%. Based on this indicates that the ability of athletes after being given a training program (treatment) has a difference in the Vo2Max test result, that more increased than the total result of increased percentage before the exercise (treatment). Copyright © 2020, authors, e-ISSN : 2580-071X , p-ISSN : 2085-6180 Descriptive Statistics DATA Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Pretest Group Oregon Circuit Training 40 49 42 2,126 Posttest Group Oregon Circuit Training 52 63 58,5 2,248 Pretest Group Fartlek 38 48 43 1,938 Posttest Group Fartlek 52 64 60,5 2,816 Table 2. Data of r esear ch r esult s Table 3. Results of p r etest Vo2Max level No Category Value Frequency Percentage 1 Very fit >60 0 0% 2 Fit 52-60 0 0% 3 Above average 47-51 7 35% 4 Average 42-46 10 50% 5 Below average 37-41 3 15% 6 Not fit 30-36 0 0% 7 Very notfit <30 0 0% Amount 20 100% Table 4. Results of posttest Vo2Max level No Category Value Frequency Percentage 1 Very fit >60 4 20% 2 Fit 52-60 16 80% 3 Above average 47-51 0 0% 4 Average 42-46 0 0% 5 Below average 37-41 0 0% 6 Not fit 30-36 0 0% 7 Very disfit <30 0 0% Amount 20 100% Figure 1. Or egon Cir cuit Tr aining Gr oup Resear ch Rifqi Festiawan, et. al/ Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga 5 (1) (2020) 66 The research results for the Oregon Circuit Train- ing Group have a total of 20 samples gained the mini- mum value before training = 40 and after exercise = 52, the maximum value before exercise = 49 and after exercise = 63. Rrata (mean) before exercise = 42 and after exercise = 58.5. Then the standard deviation of the Oregon Circuit Training Group before exercise = 2,126 and after exercise = 2,848. Results of analysis research for variables skill playing futsal Futsal Group Fartlek has a number of samples as much as 10 People obtained the minimum value before the exercise = 38 and after exercise = 52, the maximum value before the exercise = 52 and after exercise= 64. mean before exercise = 43 and after exercise = 60.5. Then the standard deviation Fart- lek Group before exercise = 1,938 and after exercise = 2,248. The prerequisite test consists of test normality and homogeneity test. In this research test normality is con- ducted using the help of SPSS 24 with Shapiro Wilk, normal distribution data if the value of significance is greater than 0.05 or (sig. > 0.05), otherwise if the data is smaller than 0.05 or (Sig. < 0.05) Then the data is said to be abnormal. The normality test results: 1) Pre- test Group Oregon Circuit Training (Sig = 0,871), Post- test Group Oregon Circuit Training (Sig = 0,659), 3) Pretest Group Fartlek (Sig = 0,469), 4) Posttest Group Fartlek (Sig = 0,674). It’s shows that the value of Sig. from pretest and postest group Fartlek and Oregon Circuit Training are all greater than 0.05 or Sig value > 0.05 then it can be concluded that the data is normal distribution. A test of homogeneity is a test conducted to know the similarities of the research population vari- ant. Testing homogeneity done with the help of com- puter program SPSS. The decision making criteria is if the value of the sig > 0.05 or T count < T of the table, meaning the sample is homogenity. The homogenity test showed that pretest group oregon circuit training (Sig = 0,750), posttest group oregon circuit training (Sig = 0,762), pretest group fartlek (Sig = 0,699), 4), and posttest group fartlek (sig = 0,742). From the calcu- lation of acquired significance table test homogenity pretests and postest Group Fartlek and Oregon Circuit Training above both groups get the value of sig above 0.05 or sig. > 0.05 and the result signifies that variant of the sample is homogenous. The data analysis technique used is the test-T with a significant 5% level. There are two types of test-T, namely different samples (Independent sample T-Test) and similar samples (dependent sample T-Test). This test is to determine the average difference between two populations/independent data groups. Based on the table 5, the results of Sig. (2-tailed) Oregon Circuit Training group that is 0.002 and the results of Sig. (2-tailed) fartlek training group is 0.001. With these results the two groups have a Sig. <0.05 and can be interpreted that there is a significant influence both Oregon Circuit Training and fartlek Training on the level of Vo2Max Soedirman Expedition VII Ath- lete. Copyright © 2020, authors, e-ISSN : 2580-071X , p-ISSN : 2085-6180 Figure 2. The Far t lek Gr oup Resear ch Resu lts Data Table 5. Test Results of Pair ed t -Test Paired Sampled Test Sig. (2-tailed) Pair 1 Pretest Oregon Circuit Training Group Postest Oregon Circuit Training Group ,002 Pair 2 pretest Fartlek Group postest Fartlek Group ,001 Table 6. Independent Samples Test Independent Samples Test F Sig. T Df Sig. (2-tailed) Hasil posttest Tingkat Vo2Max Equal variances assumed 0,27 0,77 -0,56 43,5 0,74 Equal variances not assumed -,564 42,6 ,740 Rifqi Festiawan, et. al/ Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga 5 (1) (2020) 67 From the table 6, the results of Sig. (2-tailed) the two groups is 0.740. With these results the two groups have a value of 0.740> 0.05 and it can be interpreted that there is no significant difference in effect between Oregon Circuit Training and Fartlek Training on the level of Vo2Max Athlete Sudirman Expedition VII. Table 7 shows the difference in the increase in futsal skills seen from the average difference of pre- tests and posttest in both groups. The difference of the Oregon Circuit Training was obtained from the average pretests of 42 and the average posttest of 58.5 had a difference of 16.5 and the percentage of its ascent amounted to 39,28%. While in Fartlek group the differ- ence gained from the average pretests of 43 and post- test of 60.5 has a difference of 17.5 and the percent- age of 40,69%. So it can be concluded that the group given training Fartlek greater increase Vo2Maxnya rate compared to the group Oregon Circuit Training. DISCUSSION This study aims to determine the effect of Oregon Circuit Training and Fartlek on the Vo2Max Level of Sudirman Expedition VII Athletes, then compare the differences in influence between the two. The research began with a pretest, after that the treatment was given during 14 meetings with the Fartlek Training and Ore- gon Circuit Training methods which had a balanced portion between the two exercises, and then conducted a posttest. This study uses a "Two Group pretest- posttest design" research design that is a research de- sign that serves to determine the effect of each group before and after being treated and then compare the dif- ferences in influence of the results of the paired t-test, and each research group uses independent sample t-test test, so that the difference can be known more accurate- ly. The results of the statistical analysis of the study for the Vo2Max Level variable oregon Circuit Training group has a sample of 10 people obtained the minimum value before practice = 40 and after exercise = 52, the maximum value before exercise = 49 and after exercise = 63. The average (mean) before practice = 42 and after practice = 58.5. From these data then tested by Paired t- test and obtained the results of t-test with Sig. (2-tailed) Oregon Circuit Training group pre-test and post-test is .002. So from these results it can be seen that the val- ue of Sig. smaller than 0.05 or 0,000 <0.05, it means that the Oregon Circuit Training method has a signifi- cant influence on the level of Vo2Max Athlete Su- dirman Expedition VII, and thus the research hypothe- sis is the effect of the oregon circuit training method on increasing maximal oxygen volume (VO2 Max )", be accepted. Based on the result it can be concluded that the oregon Circuit Training approach is a form of exercise that can be used to increase VO2 Max, because in this circuit training will include trained elements, such as muscle strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, agili- ty, balance, and heart-lung endurance. And circuit train- ing becomes a series of exercises that can improve car- diovascular. Circuit training is an exercise program that is combined from several training items whose purpose in doing an exercise will not be tedious and more effi- cient in increasing VO2 Max and muscle endurance. Analysis of the research results for the dependent variable of the study showed an increase in the mean value (mean) for each variable. From the description of the maximum oxygen volume variable data on the pre- test score of the fartlek group has an average value of 43 and an average post-test value of 60.5. That way the average value of this group increased by 17.5 or 40.69%. Based on the results of paired t-test with the help of the SPSS 22 program for the maximum oxygen volume variable between the gain score of the fartlek training group and the oregon circuit training group, a significance value of 0.001 was obtained at a signifi- cance level of 0.05. The significance value is smaller than the value (sig <0.05), thus the research hypothesis has the effect of the method of fartlek training on in- creasing the maximum oxygen volume (VO2 Max) ", accepted. Theoretically the results of this study can be explained as follows: endurance is one of the compo- Copyright © 2020, authors, e-ISSN : 2580-071X , p-ISSN : 2085-6180 Table 7. The Table Differ ence incr ement Vo2Max Research variables Mean Pretest Mean Post-test Difference Percentage Oregon Circuit Training Group 42 58,5 16,5 39,28% Fartlek Group 43 60,5 17,5 40,69% Rifqi Festiawan, et. al/ Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga 5 (1) (2020) 68 nents that must be had to support sports activities, espe- cially endurance maximum oxygen volume (VO2 Max) is a dominant factor in showing one's ability and maxi- mum oxygen volume will give an idea of the magnitude of motor skills in one's aerobic process. Maximum oxy- gen volume (VO2Max) has a dominant influence on a person's endurance that is the use and transport of oxy- gen. Maximum oxygen volume (VO2 Max) is the maxi- mum amount of oxygen that can be consumed during physical activity until fatigue occurs because the maxi- mum oxygen volume can limit one's cardiovascular capacity. Cardiovascular endurance is an activity that em- phasizes the body's ability to do work in a rather long time, continuous, and in an aerobic state. An organized and directed training program that pays attention to the principles, intensity, systematics and frequency of train- ing and will continuously lead to adjustments to the increasing physical condition. Training conducted regu- larly and systematically will increase the function of body organs so that these organs can work optimally as a supporter in carrying out physical activity. Fartlek training in general will also have an effect on increasing blood volume and content of hemoglobin to carry oxygen, more red blood cells to carry hemoglo- bin, more blood plasma to carry red blood cells and of course more blood in total volume, Training also causes the heart muscle to get stronger. The increase in the strength of this muscle will cause the amount of blood that can be pumped by the heart in each beat will multi- ply. Likewise with the size of blood vessels will be en- larged due to the provision of training, with the increas- ing size of these blood vessels will cause blood that can be flowed through these blood vessels will also multi- ply. Likewise, oxygen carried by the blood also increas- es and the amount of hemoglobin will also increase. Maximum oxygen volume (VO2 Max) is influ- enced by the ability of the cardiorespiratory system to deliver blood to the tissues that are actively working with the ability of muscles to use oxygen carried by the blood. Efforts to increase the maximum oxygen volume (VO2 Max) can be done through training that can im- prove one of these factors. An increase in the cardiovas- cular system and the muscular system will increase the capacity of VO2 Max. Then for the independent t test results are Sig. (2- tailed) oregon Circuit Training group = 0.740 and the results of Sig. (2-tailed) Fartlek group = 0.740. With these results the two groups have a Sig. > 0.05 from the two treatment groups, and it can be interpreted that there is no significant difference in effect between the Fartlek training method and the Oregon Circuit Train- ing on the Vo2Max Level of the Sudirman Expedition Athlete. That is because both exercises have the same ef- fect on the Vo2Max level of the Sudirman Expedition Athlete. The difference is in the mean difference (mean) of the two groups, namely the Oregon Circuit Training group getting pre-test results = 42 and post- test = 58.5, while the average (mean) of the Fartlek Training group is pre-test = 43 and post-test = 60.5. Based on these results the difference in influence can be compared in another way by looking at the difference in increase in the two groups, obtained by the Oregon Cir- cuit Training group obtained from an average pretest of 42 and an average posttest of 58.5 having a difference of 16.5 with a percentage increase in 39.28%. Whereas in the Fartlek group the difference was obtained from the average pretest of 43 and posttest of 60.5 having a difference of 17.5 and the percentage of 40.69%. So it can be concluded that the group given the Fartlek train- ing increase is greater than the Oregon Circuit Training group after each group is given training with the same portion. CONCLUSION Based on the results of research discussion can be concluded that there was an influence on the oregon circuit training method to increase vo2max capacity for Soedirman VII. There was an influence on the meth- od of fartlek training on increasing the capacity of vo2max athlete sudirman vii expedition. There was no significant difference in influence between the oregon circuit training method and the fartlek training method on the increase of capacity vo2max the athlete of su- dirman vii expedition. With these results, showed that there is no difference influence between the two meth- ods of practice, but if it is seen from the improvement, fartlek training shows better results compared to the oregon circuit training. Copyright © 2020, authors, e-ISSN : 2580-071X , p-ISSN : 2085-6180 Rifqi Festiawan, et. al/ Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga 5 (1) (2020) 69 REFERENCES Burtscher, M., Bachmann, O., Hatzl, T., Hotter, B., Likar, R., Philadelphy, M., & Nachbauer, W. (2001). 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