129 JPJO 5 (2) (2020) 129-133 Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga Available online at: https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/penjas/article/view/26738 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/jpjo.v5i2.26738 The Analysis of Physical Acitivity and Physical Fitness Level of Lecturers and Employees of ITB in 2018 Nia Sri Ramania * , Tommy Apriantono, Rini Syafriani, Kusnaedi Master of Sport Science, School of Pharmacy, ITB, West Java, Indonesia Article Info Article History : Received April 2020 Revised June 2020 Accepted August 2020 Available online September 2020 Keywords : academics, health index, health sport, IPAQ, VO2max, Abstract The level of fitness is a vital aspect that plays an important role in measuring the risk of disease or a person's productivity level. Therefore, this study was aimed at deter- mining and analysing the profile of physical activity and the level of fitness of lectur- ers and employees in ITB environment. The samples were 219 lecturers and staffs of ITB (110 males and 109 females) who were in 45 - 60 years age range (height 159.7 ± 8.1 cm, body weight 65.0 ± 12.5 kg, BMI 25.5 ± 4.3). All participants completed se- ries of tests such as the VO2max test with the Rockport test method, anthropometric testing, and filling out a physical activity questionnaire using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) method. The results of this study explained that, of the 219 subjects in this study, most of the subjects had the endomorph type. The VO2max test showed that 49% of the subjects were in the good VO2max category, which was in the range of 31 ml / kg / min to 40 ml / kg / min. Meanwhile, the IPAQ measurement showed that 41% of the total subjects had a low habit of physical activity. This study revealed quantitatively that low physical activity had a high risk of causing obesity and overweight on a person. On the other hand, this study showed that 24% of the total subjects who did a high intensity activity (exercise, etc.) were in the above average VO2max level compared to other subjects. In the end, this research wants to encourage every academic community or other employees to balance the work time with resting patterns, nutrition, and doing regular exercise. ,  Correspondence Address : Jln. Ganesa No. 10, Bandung, Indonesia E-mail : nia@fa.itb.ac.id http://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/penjas/index 130 Nia Sri Ramania et.al/ Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga 5 (2) (2020) INTRODUCTION Indonesia, as the fourth most populous country in the world, has become one of the countries with a very high level of worker productivity and is currently densely populated (Indraswari & Yuhan, 2017). Vari- ous kinds of problems have started to emerge as a result of the high rate of worker productivity in Indonesia. Degenerative diseases are the example of problems arisen due to the high and dense working hours the workers in Indonesia have to conduct (Imagama et al., 2019). In response to this phenomenon, currently many researchers are interested in observing this problem. In general, researchers reveal that the reduced ratio of do- ing exercise compared to the ratio of work is one of the causes of degenerative diseases in a person's body (Kopp, 2019). More specifically, the researchers re- vealed that by decreasing the ratio of doing exercise, a person's fitness level will be lower (Kwon et al., 2019). The level of physical fitness is a vital aspect that plays an important role in measuring the risk of disease or the level of one's productivity (Sloan et al., 2013). If a person has a poor physical fitness level, the risk of being exposed to a disease will be even greater. Recip- rocally, if someone has a good level of fitness, the productivity ratio is likely to be better or develop. Thus it is not surprising that the current level of public awareness regarding the importance of maintaining and improving fitness is growing and becoming more en- thusiastic (Santana et al., 2017). Indonesia has quite interesting data regarding the high productivity of workers that is not balanced by the increase in physical activity. According to data released by Basic Health Research in 2018, there are 60 - 85% adults who have active productivity, but do not have sufficient physical activity to maintain their physical fitness. As a result, many workers experience degenera- tive diseases when they enter retirement age. It was not- ed that the diseases suffered by the elderly were 63.5% hypertension, 18% joint disease, 17% oral problems, 5.7% diabetes mellitus, 4.5% heart disease, 4.4% stroke, 0.8% kidney failure and 0.4% cancer (Riskesdas, 2018). Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), is one of the state universities in Indonesia, which has high produc- tivity and busy academic work hours. With a high cul- ture and dense productivity as well as the academic working hours, the physical fitness of ITB academic community needs to be revealed and analyzed. This is very important considering that by knowing and map- ping the fitness level of the entire ITB academic com- munity, it is hoped that it will be able to provide an overview and suggestions for improving fitness within the scope of ITB itself, or become a model for the other higher education institutions in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to determine and analyze the physical activity and fitness levels of lecturers and employees in the academic environment. Hopefully this research could be used as an example in starting to map the fit- ness level of all academics or universities in Indonesia, since it is important to establish a quality teaching and learning culture with a healthy level of physical fitness. METHODS Subject There were 219 samples from ITB lecturers and staffs (110 males and 109 females) in the ages range of 45 - 60 years old (the height 159.7 ± 8.1 cm and the weight 65.0 ± 12.5 kg, BMI 25.5 ± 4.3) participating in this study. Those were taken from a total 1,307 acade- micians and employees populations at ITB. The sam- ples were performed based on the purposive sampling techniques, in paying attention to the inclusion and ex- clusion indicators. In details, the criteria for the inclu- sion factors were the ages in the range of 45 - 60 years old, being a lecturer or an ITB employee for at least 10 years, being active in ITB academic activities, and not having of cardiovascular disease footprint. Meanwhile, the exclusion criteria in this study were the ages over 60 years old, having or currently suffering from one of the lists of degenerative diseases (diabetes, cardiovascular, etc.), and having low or high blood pressure (out of the range 90/60 - 120/80 mmHg) while being checked be- fore performing the Rockport test. Procedure Prior to starting the testing session in this quantita- tive descriptive study, the ITB academics were notified the whole of study activities through the social media networks in order to understand about this research ac- tivity. Then, to those who were interested, they should Copyright © 2020, authors, e-ISSN : 2580-071X , p-ISSN : 2085-6180 131 come to the test location, the ITB Saraga starting from 7 AM to 10.00 AM. They were identified in dealing with their medical history and checked for their blood pressure to determine the inclusion and exclusion crite- ria in this study. As a result, out of the total 1,307 ITB lecturers and academic staff’s population, there were only 350 who were interested in participating in this study. After that, that number was being screened. In the end, it appeared the samples of 219 lecturers and staffs at ITB who were able to join this research. This research was carried out in several stages in a week. It daily performed about ± 20 samples in taking the Rockport test. Before it is conducted, all partici- pants were asked to fill out the form led by Internation- al Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) in order to determine the level of physical activity carried out by each previous participant. IPAQ process and protocol were tested based on the previous guidelines and re- search (Rääsk et al., 2017). Next, the participants were put on by a polar MV400 as sport equipment in carry- ing out this test. After that, they were instructed to per- form the anthropometric test, which included the height and weight tests. Then, the 1,600-meters distance Rock- port test was carried out on the Saraga ITB jogging track. The participants were instructed to walk and for- bid to run. The entire series of Rockport test was based on the tests conducted by previous research (Pober, Freedson, Kline, McInnis, & Rippe, 2002). As a result, after all data had been collected, it would be converted to their each unit scores (The Rockport test was con- verted to VO2max score, and IPAQ was converted to low, medium, and high activity levels). Data Analysis In this Quantitative Descriptive Study, the whole data had a standard deviation range and were utilized as a standard average (mean). In the VO2max conversion, all average results were divided into 3 standards: low, medium and high average. These standards were set based on the provisions of the highest and lowest aver- age scores obtained in this study and adopting the cal- culations standard from BrianMac (2019). For anthro- pometric measurements, it defined 3 scale ranges: ecto- morph, mesomorph and endomorph based on the soma- totype and BMI standards set by WHO. Meanwhile, for the IPAQ measurement, it defined the categories of ac- tivity level: low, medium, and high. RESULT The anthropometric mean of the participants can be seen in picture 1. The average VO2max can be seen in picture 2, while the average IPAQ results can be seen in the third picture . Picture 1 shows that from the total of 219 subjects in this study, most of them had an endomorph type, while 39% had an ideal body or a mesomorph body type, and only 16% of them had an ectomorph body type or not ideal (tends to be thin). Picture 2 shows the results obtained on the VO2max variable. It is known that 26% of the total subjects fell into the low VO2max category, which was under 30 ml/kg/min range. 49% of them indicated good VO2max category, which was in the range of 31 ml/kg/ min to 40 ml/kg/min. Meanwhile, 25% of the subjects Copyright © 2020, authors, e-ISSN : 2580-071X , p-ISSN : 2085-6180 Picture 1. The per centage of somatotype of all subjects Picture 2. The per centage of VO2max of all subjects Nia Sri Ramania et.al/ Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga 5 (2) (2020) 132 in this study fell into the above average category, which is above the 41 ml / kg / min range. From the results of the IPAQ questionnaire, it was found that 41% of the total subjects still had a low level of physical activity, followed by 36% who stated that they had a moderate/intermediate level of activity. On the other hand, the data obtained from this measure- ment parameter, it was found that 24% of the subjects conducted high level of physical activity. DISCUSSION This study aims to determine and analyze the pro- file of physical activity and the degree of fitness of lec- turers and employees in the ITB environment. Besides, this research hopes to be utilized as a role in starting to map the fitness level of all academics or universities in Indonesia. It is important to create the quality teaching and learning culture with the level of healthy fitness. Moreover, it is in line with the aims and expectations of this study. As a result, this study remains successful in revealing the profile of physical activity and the degree of fitness of the ITB academic staffs. This study resulted that the average of anthropo- metric, most of the total subjects (46%), 219 subjects, tended to have an endomorph body type or it could be said as a body type that weighs more than a normal cat- egory. That result was in line with the result of the char- acteristics of physical activity shown by IPAQ, which explains that 41% of the total subjects had low physical activity. Looking at this phenomenon, this quantitative data explained further that more a person had a de- crease in the level of physical activity, more he/she would increase their tendency to be overweight. That was further explained by previous research conducted by Raistenkins (Raistenskis, Sidlauskiene, Strukcin- skiene, Uğur Baysal, & Buckus, 2016), that obesity and overweight were caused by lack of physical activity, and specifically, excessive meal habits. Those could be the other majors that made obesity and overweight be at risk. In addition to the correlation between the somato- type and IPAQ, this study could reveal that there was a correlation between the IPAQ results and the VO2max measurement carried out by the Rockport test method. It could be seen with an average of 24% of the total subjects, performing advance activities (such as regular exercise, etc.) as their life habits. The results of IPAQ measurements of those activities were reflected in the excellent VO2max results of the participants. Then, it was noted that 25% of the total subjects had VO2max levels above the average of other participants. This was exactly in line with the literacy that explained that by having physical activity regularly, it would improve one's cardiorespiratory reflected in the measurement results of VO2max testing. Specifically, another study examining cardiorespiratory fitness, explained that the better a person's VO2max level is, the lower the per- son's risk of contracting degenerative diseases is (Shenoy, Tyagi, & Sandhu, 2012). Eventually, this research is willing to indicate that, particularly, academics, employees, or other workers to regularly implement a life model by balancing work time and rest behaviour, nutrition, and sports. This quantitative descriptive study clearly shows that by bal- ancing a good exercise pattern, a good and healthy body fitness can be obtained. Of course, when you are physi- cally and mentally fit, every academic, or other worker can produce very good quality work. This study realizes that there are shortcomings, and expects further re- search to complement these shortcomings, in order to explain unanswered phenomena. The drawbacks in this study are that this study did not measure the previous psychological impact that might affect the results, the circulation cycle of all subjects was missed than this Copyright © 2020, authors, e-ISSN : 2580-071X , p-ISSN : 2085-6180 Picture 3. The per centage of physical activity (IPAQ) of all subjects Nia Sri Ramania et.al/ Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga 5 (2) (2020) 133 study, it is hoped that further research will be more as- sertive to observe the subject's circulation cycle, so that it can get accurate results, and third is a nutritional fac- tor that might be able to differentiate the results if the measurement is done better and carefully. CONCLUSION This study quantitatively reveals that the low physical activity was at risk for causing obesity and overweight in a person. On the other hand, this study indicated that 24% of the total subjects who carried out high activities (exercise, etc.) Had advanced-average vo2max levels compared to the other subjects. In the end, this research is willing to encourage every academ- ic community or other working employee, to balance work time with resting behaviour, nutrition, and per- forming regular exercises. REFERENCES BrianMac (2019). VO2max. (online). 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