Jurnal Riset Biologi dan Aplikasinya, Volume 3, Issue 2, September 2021 

 

 

 

 
Diversity of Butterflies (Hexapoda: Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) Around Campus 4

 of Universitas Ahmad Dahlan 
 

Ichsan Luqmana Indra Putra1*, Haris Setiawan2, Tasya Aulia Putri3 
1 Laboratory of Ecology and Systematics, Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Ahmad Dahlan University;  

2Laboratory of Animal Structure and Physiology, Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Ahmad Dahlan University; 
3Biology Department, Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Ahmad Dahlan University  

Jln. Ring Road Selatan, Tamanan, Banguntapan, Bantul, Yogyakarta 55191, Indonesia 
*Corresponding Author: 

e-mail: ichsan.luqmana@bio.uad.ac.id 

 

Article History ABSTRACT 

Received : 24 May 2021 The conversion of land functions can result in a decrease of environmental quality, 

which can reduce the diversity of butterflies. This study aimed to determine the 

diversity level and to find the most abundant and less abundant butterfly species 

around campus 4 UAD. The sampling was done at campus area, vacant land, rice 

fields and housing sites. Each of these sites had 2 plots and consisted of 5 subplots, 

respectively. Sampling was carried out four times, which was done in the morning 

at 08.00 - 11.00 and in the afternoon at 15.00 - 17.00. Butterflies caught using a 

sweep net. The data were analyzed by inferential analysis, namely Pearson 

correlation test. The calculation of the diversity level of butterflies was carried out 

by calculating the importance value index, the diversity Shannon-Wiener index, 

and the Simpson dominance index. The results showed that the diversity level of 

Shannon Wiener index of butterflies around the campus 4 UAD showed a low level 

(0.67). The species of butterflies found around campus 4 UAD were Acraea violae, 

Aphrissa statira, Appias libythea, Appias olferna, Catopsilia pyranthe, Catopsilia Scylla, 

Danaus Chrysippus, Elymnias hypermnestra, Junonia almana, and Junonia atlites. The 

most abundant butterfly was C. pyranthe with 125 individuals whereas the least 

abundant was A. libythea with 1 individual. This suggested that the ecosystem 

around campus 4 UAD is disturbed category; causing instability of the diversity 

that exists, including butterflies. 

Revised : 20 July 2021 
Approved : 2 September 2021 
Published : 30 September 2021 
 

Keywords 
Butterfly; diversity; dominance; 
Rhopalocera; Shannon Wiener. 

 

How to cite: Putra, I.L.I., Setiawan, H., & Putri, T.A. (2021). Diversity of Butterfly Species (Hexapoda: Lepidoptera: 
Rhopalocera) Around Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Campus 4. Jurnal Riset Biologi dan Aplikasinya, 3 (2): 54-62. DOI: 
10.26740/jrba.v3n2.p54-62. 
 

 
 

INTRODUCTION 

Changes in land functions that are increasing 

by humans, such as building homes and places to do 

business, will cause the available land decrease 

continuously (Pewista & Harini, 2013). The longer 

of functional changes in the ecosystem, the faster 

decreasing in environmental quality which will 

disturb the balance of the ecosystem (Thom & Seidl, 

2016). This was added by (Triyogo et al., 2016), 

another problem of land use change that can arise is 

a decrease in the level of diversity. The decline in 

diversity can occur because the land, which was 

originally a habitat for living things, has changed 

its function into student boarding houses and food 

stalls. Some of the organisms can be affected by the 

conversion of land use, for example butterflies 

(Hexapoda: Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). 

Butterflies are one of the insects that must be 

protected from extinction and population decline 

(Sea et al., 2012). Butterflies have important values 

for humans and the environment, such as 

maintaining the balance of ecosystems and 

Jurnal Riset Biologi dan Aplikasinya 
https://journal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/risetbiologi 



Jurnal Riset Biologi dan Aplikasinya, 3(2): 54-62, September 2021 | 55 

 

enriching biodiversity (Susilawati, 2010). According 

to (Septiana et al., 2019), the existence of butterflies 

in nature has various important functions, namely 

as flower pollinators, ecosystem components, and 

bio-indicators. According to Diana et al., (2015), land 

use change in ecosystem, habitat and resources can 

affect the level of diversity of butterflies in these 

habitats. This is made clear by Diana et al., (2015), 

which states that butterflies are insects that can 

respond to environmental changes, such as 

vegetation degradation and pollutions. 

Research on butterfly diversity in Pinang 

Masak Campus, Jambi University found 143 

individuals from 5 butterfly families, namely 

Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae, Lycaenidae 

and Hesperiidae (Dewi et al., 2016). The species of 

butterflies that were found in abundance were 

Junonia orithya followed by Acraea terpsicore and 

Eurema hecabe. Because of habitat alternation in 

around campus 4 of Universitas Ahmad Dahlan 

(UAD), Yogyakarta due to campus development, it 

can affect the diversity and abundance of butterflies 

in this area. Given the importance of the ecological 

function of butterflies in nature, this research is 

important to do to provide a database of butterflies 

around campus 4 UAD in a sustainable 

conservation effort. The purpose of this study was 

to determine the diversity level of butterfly species 

and to find the dominant and less dominant 

butterfly species around the campus area 4 

Yogyakarta. 

 

MATERIALS AND METHODS 

 
Location Determinations and Sampling Points 

The research locations were carried out at the 

area of Campus 4 Universitas Ahmad Dahlan 

(UAD). The research locations consisted of campus 

areas, vacant land, housing, and rice fields. Each 

area has 2 plots with a size of each plot measuring 

750 m2. Each plot consisted of 5 subplots with a size 

of 15 m x 10 m.  
 
Butterfly Sampling and Abiotic Factors 
Measurement 

Sampling was carried out four times. The time 

interval for sampling was once a week. Butterfly 

samples were taken in the morning from 08.00 - 

11.00 am and continued in the afternoon at 03.00 - 

05.00 pm. The selection of data collection time was 

based on the active time of most butterfly species. 

Butterflies were caught using a sweepnet. The 

captured butterflies were put into papilot paper so 

that the butterfly wings are not damaged. 

Butterflies were killed by pressing their thoracic 

part in papillot paper. 

The dead butterfly was placed on the sterofoam 

and pinned in the thorax using a pin and its wings 

were spread out using papillot paper. Furthermore, 

the butterflies were dried using a cardboard box 

given an incandescent lamp of 10 watts for 2 days. 

After that, a species label and a description of where 

it was found on each specimen was given. 

Measurements of abiotic factors in the field 

were air temperature, air humidity, wind speed, and 

light intensity. Air temperature and humidity was 

measured using a thermo-hygrometer. Wind speed 

was measured using the anemometer Benetech. Light 

intensity was measured using lux meter smart sensor. 
 
Host Plant Observation 

The host plant of butterfly’s observation was 

done by observing the adult butterflies. Flowering 

plants visited by butterflies were recorded. The 

literatures were also used to confirm the host plant 

of the butterflies in the sampling areas.   
 
Butterfly Identification 

The dried butterflies were then identified 
based on the characters of the thorax, abdomen, and 
ornaments on the dorsal and ventral wings. 
Identification was carried out by comparing the 
morphological characteristics of the samples with 
the identification book (Ruslan dkk., 2020; Resasco, 
2009). 
 
Data Analysis 

Data analysis of abundance of butterflies and 

abiotic factors in this study were analyzed used 

normality test and Pearson correlation test. The 

calculation of the diversity level of butterflies was 

done by calculating the importance value index and 

diversity index using the formula Shannon-Wiener 

and the Simpson dominance index with the formula 

(Help et al., 1998): 

 

Importance Value Index 

 

Density  =    

Relative density =   x 100% 

Frequency =   

Relative frequency =   x 100% 

Importance value index = Relative density + Relative 

frequency 

 



56 | Putra et al; Diversity of Butterfly Species (Hexapoda: Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) 
 

Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H’)  

 

H’ = −∑ 𝑝𝑖 ln 𝑝𝑖 

𝑝𝑖 =  

Note:   

H′: Shannon-Wiener diversity index  

𝑝𝑖 = ni/N 
ni: number of species individual at-i 

N : Total amount of species individual  

Shannon-Wiener diversity index criteria: 

H’< 2 = Low diversity 

2<H’<3 = Medium diversity 

H’<3 = High diversity (Lestari et al., 2018). 

 

Dominance Index (D) 

Butterfly species dominance was counted using 

Simpson dominance index (D): 

D =  x 100% 

Note: 

D:  Dominance index 

ni:  Individual species amount 

 

N: Total species amount (Lestari et al., 2018) 

 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 

Butterfly Diversity Index (Lepidoptera: 

Rhopalocera) Around Campus 4 UAD 

Based on the results of the research that has 

been done, the Shannon-Winner diversity index 

value found around the campus 4 UAD area was 

0.67. The results obtained in this study obtained the 

index value of butterfly species diversity around the 

campus 4 UAD, which was low (H '<1). The results 

showed that the highest IVI value was found in 

species C. pyranthe of 80.11 with a density of 125 

individuals. While the lowest IVI value was found 

in species A. libythea of 1.23 with a density of 1 

(Table 1). 

The important value index shows the species 

that dominate the research location (Hidayat, 2018). 

This was supported by the statement from Mawazin 

& Subiakto (2013), that the INP value is used to 

determine the dominance of a species in a 

community. Saharjo & Gago (2011) added that the 

greater the IVI value of a species, the greater the 

level of control over the community, and vice versa. 

The results obtained in this study obtained the 

index value of butterfly species diversity around the 

area of Campus 4 UAD, which was low (H '<1). The 

low diversity index value indicated that there are 

factors that influence the existence and abundance 

of butterfly species around Campus 4 of UAD 

Yogyakarta.  
 

Table 1. Species diversity index and INP of butterfly around campus 4 UAD Yogyakarta 

        Note:  Pi: species amount at-i; D: density; DR: relative density; Dom: dominance; F: frequency, FR: Relative 
frequency; INP: important value index 

No Species 
Species 
amount 

Pi 
Log 
Pi 

pi log 
pi 

D DR Dom F FR INP 

1 Acraea 
violae 

25 0.10 -1.01 -0.10 25 9.80 0.10 19 15.97 25.77 

2 Aphrissa 
statira 

16 0.06 -1.20 -0.08 16 6.27 0.06 9 7.56 13.84 

3 Appias 
libythea 

1 0.004 -2.41 -0.01 1 0.39 0.00 1 0.84 1.23 

4 Appias 
olferna 

16 0.06 -1.20 -0.08 16 6.27 0.06 11 9.24 15.52 

5 Catopsilia 
pyranthe 

125 0.49 -0.31 -0.15 125 49.02 0.49 37 31.09 80.11 

6 Catopsilia 
Scylla 

2 0.01 -2.11 -0.02 2 0.78 0.01 1 0.84 1.62 

7 Danaus 
chrysippus 

55 0.22 -0.67 -0.14 55 21.57 0.22 31 26.05 47.62 

8 Elymnias 
hypermnes
tra 

4 0.02 -1.80 -0.03 4 1.57 0.02 3 2.52 4.09 

9 Junonia 
almana 

9 0.04 -1.45 -0.05 9 3.53 0.04 5 4.20 7.73 

10 Junonia 
atlites 

2 0.01 -2.11 -0.02 2 0.78 0.01 2 1.68 2.46 

 Total 255 1.00 -14.26 -0.67 255 100.00 1.00 119 100.00 200.00 



Jurnal Riset Biologi dan Aplikasinya, 3(2): 54-62, September 2021 | 57 

 

This factor is in the form of changing the function 

of the existing green area. This was consistent with 

research from Koh & Sodhi (2004), where the 

diversity and abundance of butterflies in areas that 

have changed their function is lower than in natural 

ecosystems. 

The change in function conversion is due to 

massive changes that have occurred around the 

campus area 4, resulting in reduced green open land 

and conversion of other land functions into 

boarding houses or food stalls. According to 

research by Fattorini (2011), several types of insects 

such as butterflies and beetles have become extinct 

due to land conversion and loss of green open space. 

The reduction in green open land available, of 

course, can have a direct effect on the life of 

butterflies (Diana et al., 2015), both in terms of 

flying for food and the opportunity to find a partner, 

or choosing the location of oviposition (Diana et al., 

2015). The important value index shows the species 

that dominate the research location (Hidayat, 2018). 

This was supported by the statement from Mawazin 

& Subiakto (2013), that the INP value is used to 

determine the dominance of a species in a 

community. Saharjo & Gago (2011) added that the 

greater the IVI value of a species, the greater the 

level of control over the community, and vice versa. 

The results obtained in this study obtained the 

index value of butterfly species diversity around the 

area of Campus 4 UAD, which was low (H '<1). The 

low diversity index value indicated that there are 

factors that influence the existence and abundance 

of butterfly species around Campus 4 of UAD 

Yogyakarta. This factor is in the form of changing 

the function of the existing green area. This was 

consistent with research from Koh & Sodhi (2004), 

where the diversity and abundance of butterflies in 

areas that have changed their function is lower than 

in natural ecosystems.  

The change in function conversion is due to 

massive changes that have occurred around the 

campus area 4, resulting in reduced green open land 

and conversion of other land functions into 

boarding houses or food stalls. According to 

research by Fattorini (2011), several types of insects 

such as butterflies and beetles have become extinct 

due to land conversion and loss of green open space. 

The reduction in green open land available, of 

course, can have a direct effect on the life of 

butterflies (Diana et al., 2015), both in terms of 

flying for food and the opportunity to find a partner, 

or choosing the location of oviposition (Diana et al., 

2015). 

Apart from the direct effect, changes in land 

use change also have an indirect effect on butterfly 

life. The indirect effect of land use change on 

butterfly life is the reduction in vegetation as 

butterfly food (Mogan et al., 2018). This is 

consistent with research from Ngatimin et al., 

(2017), which states that the diversity of butterfly 

species in Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park 

has low index values in various habitats that are 

thought to have occurred for forest function 

conversion and illegal hunting. Another study from 

Koh & Sodhi (2004), found that protected areas have a 

higher diversity of butterfly species than areas that 

have undergone land conversion. In addition, 

Lestari et al (2015), butterflies face the threat of 

extinction caused by the conversion of land 

functions from natural ecosystems to agricultural or 

residential ecosystems. According to research from 

(Setiawan et al., 2018), getting the results of natural 

ecosystems with conditions that are still maintained 

or habitats that have not been degraded, especially 

in conservation areas, have a higher level of 

diversity and abundance of butterflies than 

ecosystems that have changed function, either the 

threat of land conversion into agricultural land 

(Setiawan et al., 2018), plantation areas (Basuki, 

2019), or into residential land (Bahar et al., 2016). 

In addition to reducing green open space, land 

use conversion to settlement can also affect the 

diversity of butterflies in an ecosystem. According 

to Sumah & Apriniarti (2019), human activities, 

such as in residential areas, tend to have low levels 

of butterfly diversity at these locations. This is 

consistent with research from Ngatimin et al. 

(2017), who obtained the butterfly species diversity 

index results in very low criteria at the Pattunuang 

Resort in Maros Regency. The low number of 

individuals found is thought to be due to long-

standing poaching and the destruction of butterfly 

habitat due to forest conversion to agricultural land 

and settlements. According to Septiana et al. (2019), 

if land clearing is carried out continuously and 

converted into residential areas, it can disrupt the 

survival of butterflies and even experience local 

extinction. In line with this, previous researches 

(Kyerematen et al., 2014; Tam & Bonebrake, 2016) 

stated that the large number of forest conversion to 

residential and industrial areas will result in the 

habitat being pressed for butterflies. Urgent habitat 

or low land availability from an organism will 

increase competition for these organisms, both 

competition for space (Kusumawati, 2018), 

competition for food, shelter and getting a partner. 



58 | Putra et al; Diversity of Butterfly Species (Hexapoda: Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) 
 

This is in accordance with the statement from 

Septiana et al. (2019), which stated that the 

diversity of butterflies was disrupted, which is due 

to the continuous conversion of land into residential 

areas. 

Change of land use or land degradation can 

cause a decrease in the type of vegetation in an 

ecosystem. The fewer types of vegetation that exist 

in an ecosystem, the fewer types of butterflies will 

be found in that location (Nino, 2019). This is due 

to the limited food contained in the ecosystem. The 

more limited the availability of available food 

resources, the more limited the number of species 

and abundance of individuals an organism, one of 

which is butterflies, will also be limited 

(Rahayuningsih et al., 2012). The existence of land 

conversion in Indonesia, among others, can result in 

decreased plant species diversity which has an 

impact on decreasing butterfly species diversity. In 

line with this statement, Dewi et al. (2016) also 

found the diversity and abundance of individual 

butterflies that are low in natural ecosystems that 

have turned into campus areas. Mogan et al. (2018), 

also found the value of diversity and low abundance 

in locations that have been converted into 

plantations.  

 

-  

-  

-  

-  

-  

-  

-  

 

 

 

-  

 

Figure 1. Butterfly species that found in the sampling areas; (A) A. violae, (B) A. statira, (C) A. libythea, (D) A. 
olferna, (E) C. pyranthe, (F) C. Scylla, (G) D. chrysippus, (H) E. hypermnestra, (I) J. almana and (1J) J. altites   

A 

D E F 

G 

C B 

H I 

J 



Jurnal Riset Biologi dan Aplikasinya, 3(2): 54-62, September 2021 | 59 

 

 
Table 2. Host plant and nectary plant found around campus 4 areas 

Species Campus 4 
Empty 
land 

Paddy field Housing 

Muntingia calabura √ √ √ √ 
Tridax procumbens √ √ √ √ 
Chromolaena odorata √ √ √ √ 
Cyperus rotundus √ √ √ √ 

Mangifera indica - - √ √ 

Oryza sativa - - √ - 
Zea mays. - √ - - 
Senna alata - √ √ - 

Note: √  = Found; - = Not found 
 

Table 3. Butterfly species abundance found in campus 4 UAD areas 

 

This study found that plants were thought to be 

host plants and a source of nectar from the 

butterflies obtained (Table 2). 

Santosa (2017) stated that the diversity of 

butterflies species found was largely determined by 

differences in plant vegetation in an area. Dewi et 

al. (2016) stated that the low diversity and 

abundance of butterfly species, especially the 

Papilionidae family, around the Pinang Masak 

campus, Jambi University, allegedly due to the lack 

of variation in food sources in the area. Whereas, 

Mogan et al. (2018) found that the number of 

species found at the Sam Ratulangi University 

Campus was lower because it was greatly influenced 

by the diversity of vegetation as a host plant and a 

source of nectar for butterflies. This is in line with 

the statement from Koneri & Saroyo (2011), that 

differences in the diversity index of butterfly species 

in a habitat are strongly influenced by the 

vegetation of the butterfly host plants. The variety 

and heterogeneity of the vegetation will affect the 

existence and diversity of butterflies. This is in line 

with Lamatoa et al. (2013), which stated that the 

difference in the number of butterfly species found 

depends on the diversity of plants as food and a host 

source for these butterflies.  

 

Abundance of Butterfly Species Around Campus 

4 Ahmad Dahlan University  

Based on the result of the study, the highest 

abundance of butterfly species was C. pyranthe in 4 

areas, while the lowest abundance was A. libythea 

(Table 3). Based on the table above, the 

Nymphalidae Family has the highest number of 

species compared to the Pieridae Family. According 

to Rahayu & Basukriadi (2012), the Nymphalidae 

Family is a family that has the highest number of 

species, the widest distribution, and a variety of 

forage plants. Khyade et al. (2018); Nylin & Nylin, 

(1988), which states that the Nymphalidae family 

tends to be polyphagous, that isthey have more than 

one type of food preference. (Mogan et al., 2018), 

stated that this was due to the ability to adapt to 

environmental conditions so that species from the 

Nymphalidae Family could be found at each 

research location. This is consistent with research 

by (Rahayu & Basukriadi, 2012), who found species 

from the Nymphalidae family in several types of 

ecosystems. The large number of butterfly species 

from the Nymphalidae family is thought to be 

because around the campus area 4 there are several 

plants that are suitable to support the life of the 

Nymphalidae Family butterflies. There are a lot of 

plants that are a source of food for members of the 

Family Species Campus 4 Empty land Paddy field Housing Total 

Nymphalidae 

Acraea violae 5 8 8 4 25 
Aphrissa statira 3 0 8 5 16 
Danaus chrysippus 37 10 6 2 55 
Elymnias 
hypermnestra 

0 0 0 4 
4 

Junonia almana 0 5 3 1 9 

Junonia atlites 0 2 0 0 2 

Pieridae 

Appias libythea 0 1 0 0 1 
Appias olferna 0 12 4 0 16 
Catopsilia pyranthe 7 36 57 25 125 
Catopsilia Scylla 0 2 0 0 2 

Total 52 76 86 41  



60 | Putra et al; Diversity of Butterfly Species (Hexapoda: Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) 
 

Nymphalidae family, including those from the 

Annonaceae, Fabaceae, Leguminoceae and 

Astreracea families. This is what causes members of 

the Nymphalidae Family to be everywhere with a 

large number of species (Khyade et al., 2018). 

The Simpson Dominance index value of 

butterflies around the campus of 4 UAD 

Yogyakarta was obtained at 1.00. According to 

(Sirait et al., 2018), the criteria for the dominance 

index range from 0 - 1, where if the dominance 

index value is close to 0 it shows that no species 

dominates, whereas if the dominance index value is 

close to 1 it indicates that certain species dominate 

at that location. The factors that can influence the 

presence and dominance of butterflies in an 

ecosystem are environmental factors (Lestari et al., 

2020). Butterflies are cold-blooded (poikilothermic) 

animals whose activities are strongly influenced by 

the temperature of their environment. This research 

was carried out where the ambient temperature was 

± 370C. Butterflies are most active at 370C, if the 

temperature is more than 370C, the butterflies will 

look for shelter. In addition to air temperature, 

humidity also affects the presence and dominance of 

butterflies in an ecosystem. The humidity needed by 

butterflies ranges from 49-84%. According to 

(Florida et al., 2015), butterflies like habitats with 

high humidity because it can reduce the risk of 

dehydration. Butterflies are animals that are active 

during the day when light intensity is high, because 

butterflies use the sun's heat to help fly. Added by 

(Rahayuningsih et al., 2012), light will provide heat 

energy so that it raises body temperature and 

metabolism becomes faster. Increasing body 

temperature in butterfly larvae will accelerate the 

development and life cycle of these butterfly larvae 

(Rahayuningsih et al., 2012). 

Butterflies can respond to environmental 

changes, both in terms of vegetation and in terms of 

pollution levels. Therefore, it is necessary to 

observe several environmental factors that may 

affect the presence of butterfly species in each 

ecosystem. In this research, the relationship 

between the parameters of the insect community 

with environmental parameters was analyzed by 

using correlation analysis Pearson. The results 

obtained were then tested for the correlation 

between abiotic factors and the abundance of 

butterflies using Pearson Correlation. Based on the 

significance of correlation Pearson's in the 4 research 

areas between, it was found that air temperature 

and light intensity had a strong correlation because 

the sig (2-tailed) value was 0.950> 0.05 (Table 4). 

Based on the significance of correlation 

Pearson's in the 4 research areas between the 

average individual butterfly and the abiotic factor, it 

can be concluded that there is a negative 

correlation. Sharm and Joshi (2009) stated that the 

diversity of insect species is correlated with the 

structural constituents of a habitat and the diversity 

of vegetation forms. Another factor that may 

correlate with the abundance of butterfly species 

around the campus area 4 is the diversity of 

vegetation. According to Septiana et al. (2019), the 

distribution of butterflies is very closely related to 

plant vegetation. This is because the female 

butterfly chooses one or several types of forage 

plants.  

 

             CONCLUSION 
It can be concluded that the diversity level of 

butterfly species in the area of Campus 4 UAD was 

low. The species of butterfly that dominated in this 

area was C. pyranthe, while the less dominant was A. 

libythea. 

 

 

 

            REFERENCES 
Bahar, I., Atmowidi, T., & Peggie, D. (2016). 

keanekaragaman kupu-kupu superfamili papilionoidea 

(Lepidoptera) di kawasan hutan pendidikan gunung 

Walat Sukabumi, Jawa Barat. Zoo Indonesia, 25(1), 71–

82. 

Dewi, B., Hamidah, A., & Siburian, J. (2016). 

Keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan jenis kupu-kupu 

(Lepidoptera; Rhopalocera) di sekitar Kampus Pinang 

Masak Universitas Jambi Diversity. Jurnal Biospecies, 

9(2), 32–38. 

Diana, P., Djamahar, R., & Isfaeni, H. (2015). Hubungan 

Karakteristik Lanskap Dengan Preferensi Situs 

Oviposisi Kupu-Kupu Di Ruang Terbuka Hijau 

Kawasan Jakarta Timur. Bioma, 11(1), 22. 

https://doi.org/10.21009/bioma11(1).3 

Fattorini, S. (2011). Insect extinction by urbanization: A 

long term study in Rome. Biological Conservation, 

144(1), 370–375. 

https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.201

0.09.014 

Florida, M., Setyawati, T. R., & Yanti, A. H. (2015). 

Inventarisasi Jenis Kupu-kupu pada Hutan Kerangas 

di Kawasan Cagar Alam Mandor Kabupaten Landak. 

Protobiont, 4(1), 260–265. 

Help, C. H. R., Herman, P. M. J., & Soetaert, K. (1998). 

Indices of diversity and evenness. Océanis, 24(2459), 

61–87. 



Jurnal Riset Biologi dan Aplikasinya, 3(2): 54-62, September 2021 | 61 

 

Hidayat, M. (2018). Analisis Vegetasi Dan Keanekaragaman 

Tumbuhan Di Kawasan Manifestasi Geotermal Ie 

Suum Kecamatan Mesjid Raya Kabupaten Aceh Besar. 

BIOTIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Teknologi Dan 

Kependidikan, 5(2), 114. 

https://doi.org/10.22373/biotik.v5i2.3019 

Khyade, V. B., Gaikwad, P. M., & Vare, P. R. (2018). 

Explanation of Nymphalidae Butterflies. International 

Academic Journal of Science and Engineering, 05(02), 

87–110. https://doi.org/10.9756/iajse/v5i1/1810029 

Koh, L. P., & Sodhi, N. S. (2004). Importance Of Reserves, 

Fragments, And Parks For Butterfly Conservation In 

A Tropical Urban Landscape. Ecological Applications, 

14(6), 1695–1708. https://doi.org/10.1890/03-5269 
Koneri, R., & Saroyo. (2011). Keanekaragaman Kupu-Kupu 

 (Lepidoptera) pada Empat Tipe Habitat di Hutan 

 Lindung Gunung Klabat, Sulawesi Utara. Biosfera, 

 28(2), 85-92. doi: 10.20884/1.mib.2011.28.2.264 

Kusumawati, D. E. (2018). Pengaruh kompetisi intraspesifik 

dan interspesifik terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman 

jagung (Zea mays) dan kacang hijau (Vigna radiata). 

Agroradix, 1(2), 28–33. 

Kyerematen, R., Akaumoah-Boateng, A., Acquah-Lamptey, 

D., & Anderson, S. (2014). Land use type affects 

butterfly diversity: a case study of the university of 

ghana, main campus , Legon. Journal of Biodiversity 

and Enviromental Sciences, 5(5), 205–214. 

Lamatoa, D. C., Koneri, R., Siahaan, R., & Maabuat, P. V. 

(2013). Populasi Kupu-Kupu (Lepidoptera ) Di Pulau 

Mantehage, Sulawesi Utara. Jurnal Ilmiah Sains, 13(1), 

52. https://doi.org/10.35799/jis.13.1.2013.2032 

Lestari, D. F., Putri, R. D. A., Ridwan, M., & Purwaningsih, 

A. D. (2015). Keanekaragaman Kupu-Kupu (Insekta: 

Lepidoptera) di Wana Wisata Alas Bromo, BKPH 

Lawu Utara, Karanganyar, Jawa Tengah. Pros Sem 

Nas Masy Biodiv Indon, 1(6), 1284-1288. 

DOI://10.13057/psnmbi/m010604.https://doi.org/1

0.13057/psnmbi/m010604 

Lestari, M., Widhiono, I., & Darsono, D. (2020). 

Keanekaragaman Dan Kemerataan Spesies Kupu-

Kupu (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Di Hutan Cagar 

Alam Bantarbolang, Pemalang, Jawa Tengah. 

BioEksakta : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Unsoed, 2(1), 16. 

https://doi.org/10.20884/1.bioe.2020.2.1.1911 

Lestari, V. C., Erawan, T. S., Melanie, M., Kasmara, H., & 

Hermawan, W. (2018). Keanekaragaman Jenis Kupu-

kupu Familia Nymphalidae dan Pieridae di Kawasan 

Cirengganis dan Padang Rumput Cikamal Cagar 

Alam Pananjung Pangandaran. Agrikultura, 29(1), 1. 

https://doi.org/10.24198/agrikultura.v29i1.16920 

Mawazin, & Subiakto, A. (2013). Species diversity and 

composition of logged over peat swamp forest in Riau. 

Forest Rehabilitation, 1, 59–73. 

Mogan, Y., Koneri, R., & Baideng, E. (2018). 

Keanekaragaman Kupu-kupu (Lepidoptera) di Kampus 

Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado (Diversity of 

Butterfly (Lepidoptera) in Campus of Sam Ratulangi 

University, Manado). Jurnal Bios Logos, 8(2), 59. 

https://doi.org/10.35799/jbl.8.2.2018.23357 

Ngatimin, S. N. A., Abdullah, T., Nasruddin, A., & Gassa, A. 

(2017). Pengenalan Jenis Kupu-kupu pada Murid SD 

129 INPRES Kecamatan Bantimurung, Kabupaten 

Maros Sulawesi Selatan. Jurnal Hutan Dan 

Masyarakat, 9(1), 30. 

https://doi.org/10.24259/jhm.v9i1.1975 

Nino, M. M. (2019) Keanekaragaman Kupu-Kupu 

(Lepidoptera) di Sekitar Pinggiran Sungai Maslete 

Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara. Bio-Edu, 4(2), 50-58. 

https://doi.org/10.32938/jbe.v4i2.386. 

Nylin, S., & Nylin, S. (1988). Host Plant Specialization and 

Seasonality in a Polyphagous Butterfly, Polygonia C-

Album (Nymphalidae). Oikos, 53(3), 381. 

https://doi.org/10.2307/3565539 

Pewista, I., & Hartini, R. (2013). Faktor dan Pengaruh Alih 

Fungsi Lahan Pertanian Terhadap Kondisi Sosial 

Ekonomi Penduduk di Kabupaten Bantul. Kasus 

Daerah Perkotaan, Pinggiran dan Pedesaan Tahun 

2001-2010. Jurnal Bumi Indonesia, 2(2), 96-103. 

Rahayu, S. E., & Basukriadi, A. (2012). Kelimpahan 

dan Keanekaragaman Spesies Kupu-Kupu 

(Lepidoptera; Rhopalocera) Pada Berbagai Tipe 

Habitat di Hutan Kota Muhammad Sabki Kota Jambi. 

Jurnal Biospecies, 5(2), 40–48 

Rahayu, S. E., & Basukriadi, A. (2012). Kelimpahan dan 

Keanekaragaman Spesies Kupu-Kupu (Lepidoptera; 

Rhopalocera) Pada Berbagai Tipe Habitat di Hutan 

Kota Muhammad Sabki Kota Jambi. Jurnal Biospecies, 

5(2), 40–48. 

Rahayuningsih, M., Oqta, R., Priyono, B., Biologi, J., 

Matematika, F., Alam, P., & Semarang, U. N. (2012). 

Keanekaragaman Jenis Kupu-Kupu Superfamili 

Papilionoidae Di Dukuh Banyuwindu Desa 

Limbangan Kecamatan Limbangan Kabupaten Kendal. 

Jurnal MIPA Unnes, 35(1), 115160. 

Resasco, J. (2009). Butterfly Field Guide. Santa Monica: Santa 

Monica Mountains National Recreataion Area 

National Park Service.  

Ruslan, H., Tobing, I. S. & Andayaningsih, D. (2020). 

Biodiversitas Kupu-Kupu (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) 

Di Kawasan Hutan Kota Jakarta. Jakarta: LPU-

UNAS. 

Saharjo, B. H., & Gago, C. (2011). Suksesi Alami Paska 

Kebakaran pada Hutan Sekunder di Desa Fatuquero, 

Kecamatan Railaco, Kabupaten Ermera-Timor Leste. 40–

45. Retrieved from 

https://202.124.205.241/handle/123456789/54463 

Santosa, Y. (2017). Keanekaragaman kupu-kupu di berbagai tipe 

https://doi.org/10.20884/1.mib.2011.28.2.264


62 | Putra et al; Diversity of Butterfly Species (Hexapoda: Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) 
 

tutupan lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit PTPN V Tamora, 

Kampar, Riau. 3, 110–116. 

https://doi.org/10.13057/psnmbi/m030119 

Sea, N., Sutra, M., & Salmah, S. (2006). Spesies Kupu-Kupu ( 

Rhopalocera ) Di Tanjung Balai Karimun Kabupaten 

Karimun , Kepulauan Riau Species of butterflies ( 

Rhopalocera ) in Tanjung Balai Karimun , Karimun 

Regency , Riau Archipelago. 1(1), 35–44. 

Septiana, S., Yulisah, T., & Samitra, D. (2019). Kelimpahan 

Dan Keanekaragaman Kupu-Kupu Di Kecamatan 

Tugumulyo Kabupaten Musi Rawas. Pro-Life, 6(1), 

55. https://doi.org/10.33541/pro-life.v6i1.939 

Setiawan, R., Wimbaningrum, R., & Fatimah, S. (2018). 

Keanekaragaman Jenis Kupu-Kupu (Lepidoptera: 

Rhopalocera) di Zona Rehabilitasi Blok Curah Malang 

Resort Wonoasri Taman Nasional Meru Betiri. 

Natural Science: Journal of Science and Technology, 7(2), 

252-258. Septiana, S., Yulisah, T., & Samitra, D. 

(2019). Kelimpahan Dan Keanekaragaman Kupu-Kupu 

Di Kecamatan Tugumulyo Kabupaten Musi Rawas. 

Pro-Life, 6(1), 55. https://doi.org/10.33541/pro-

life.v6i1.939 

Sirait, M., Rahmatia, F., & Pattulloh, P. (2018). Komparasi 

Indeks Keanekaragaman Dan Indeks Dominansi 

Fitoplankton Di Sungai Ciliwung Jakarta 

(Comparison Of Diversity Index And Dominant Index 

of Phytoplankton At Ciliwung River Jakarta). Jurnal 

Kelautan: Indonesian Journal of Marine Science and 

Technology, 11(1), 75. 

https://doi.org/10.21107/jk.v11i1.3338 

Sumah, A. S. W., & Apriniarti, M. S. (2019). Kupu-Kupu 

Papilionidae (Lepidoptera) Di Kawasan Cifor, Bogor, 

Indonesia. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 19(2), 197. 

https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v19i2.1309 

Susilawati. (2010). Keragaman Lepidoptera pada Dukuh dan 

Kebun Karet di Desa Mandiangin Kabupaten Banjar. 

Jurnal Hutan Tropis, 11(29), 18-23.  

Tam, K. C., & Bonebrake, T. C. (2016). Butterfly diversity, 

habitat and vegetation usage in Hong Kong urban 

parks. Urban Ecosystems, 19(2), 721–733. 

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-015-0484-2 

Thom, D., & Seidl, R. (2016). Natural disturbance impacts on 

ecosystem services and biodiversity in temperate and 

boreal forests. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge 

Philosophical Society, 91(3), 760–781. 

https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12193 

Triyogo, A., Anshorulloh, A. J., & Widyastuti, S. M. (2016). 

Populasi Serangga pada Tingkat Perkembangan 

Agroforestri Jati yang Berbeda Insect Populations at 

Different Stages of Teak Based-Agroforestry System 

Pendahuluan Metode Penelitian. Jurnal Biota, 

1(April), 75–84.