pond.qxd Floristic analysis of the Mountain Zebra National Park, Eastern Cape U. POND, B.B. BEESLEY, L.R. BROWN & H. BEZUIDENHOUT Pond, U., B.B. Beesley, L.R. Brown & H. Bezuidenhout. 2002. Floristic analysis of the Mountain Zebra National Park, Eastern Cape. Koedoe 45(1): 35–57. Pretoria. ISSN 0075-6458. As part of a larger project to assess the vegetation dynamics and conservation potential of the enlarged Mountain Zebra National Park, a checklist was produced to determine the plant species richness for this area. Six hundred and eighty species, represented by 333 genera and 87 families were identified. One hundred and eighty species belong to the Monocotyledoneae and 479 species to the Dicotyledoneae. By far the largest fami- lies are the Asteraceae with 129 and the Poaceae with 82 species. Thirteen Red Data species were recorded. A number of fynbos elements were encountered, the most note- worthy being two families endemic to the Cape Floristic Region, the Penaeaceae and Grubbiaceae. A very high species to square kilometre ratio of 5.05 supports the area’s rich floristic composition. Key words: Floristic analysis, species richness, plant species list, Mountain Zebra National Park. U. Pond, B.B. Beesley, L.R. Brown , Applied Natural Sciences, Technikon SA, Private Bag X6, Florida 1710, South Africa; H. Bezuidenhout, Conservation Development, South African National Parks, P O Box 110040, Hadison Park, Kimberley 8306, South Africa. ISSN 0075-6458 35 Koedoe 45/1 (2002) Introduction The Mountain Zebra National Park (MZNP) was proclaimed a protected area in 1937 (Wahl & Naude 1996). It is situated in a zone transitional between the Nama Karoo Biome in the west and the Grassland Biome in the east (Hoffman 1998), but classified as being part of the Nama Karoo (Low & Rebelo 1998). The primary objective for this park is to conserve a viable, genetically uncontami- nated, representative population of the Cape Mountain Zebra Equus zebra zebra. Sec- ondary objectives are the conservation of a representative spectrum of the typical faunal elements under natural conditions, and sec- odly, vegetation types that are unique to this region (Van der Walt 1980). In 1996, a process was initiated to incorpo- rate adjacent farmland into the park. This will increase the park’s area substantially, from the original 6 536 ha to approximately 18 000 ha (Brown & Bezuidenhout 2000), once current negotiations have been complet- ed. Two extensive vegetation studies have been conducted: a phytosociological recon- naissance of the original MZNP by Van der Walt (1980); and a phytosociological account, describing and mapping the plant communities of the newly acquired De Rust section of the MZNP (Brown & Bezuiden- hout 2000). As part of a larger and long-term research project, the latter study aimed at assessing the habitat suitability to establish large herbivores on the new farms. No annotated comprehensive plant species list of MZNP is available. Surveys of the floristic diversity and species richness of an area are fundamental to any wildlife manage- ment programme and conservation policy. A floristic database of an area serves as a per- manent reference to establish site uniqueness and species richness, monitoring changes in species occurrence and the distribution of endemic and Red Data species. This study set out to provide a floristic checklist for the pond.qxd 2005/12/09 11:34 Page 35 MZNP including the newly acquired farms De Rust, Doornhoek and Welgedacht. Study area Location The MZNP is found in the Eastern Cape Province, situated 24 kilometres west of Cradock. The area under discussion extends from 32º06'50''–32º18'50''S and 25º24'00''– 25º30'00''E and includes the former MZNP (6 536 ha), De Rust (1 712 ha), Doornhoek (4 027 ha) and Welgedacht (1 189 ha). Topography The southern parts of the MZNP are charac- terised by mountainous terrain with steep- sided drainage lines from mountaintops Koedoe 45/1 (2002) 36 ISSN 0075-6458 Figure 1. Location of the study area. (Bankberg 1 927 m and Rooiplaat 1 360 m above sea level. The Wilgerboom River tra- verses the central valley of the southern section and exits the park at 1 200 m a.s.l. to the north. The northwest (De Rust) is dom- inated by Salpeterkop (1 514 m a.s.l.), a typical mesa of the Karoo landscape with a steep gradient. This gives way to a mid-slope plateau, footslopes and an undulating plain with season- ally dry river beds towards the eastern and central part of the park, at approximately 1 000 m above sea level. The heteroge- neous vegetation is co-dominated by dwarf shrubs and grasses, with patches of incipient forest in drainage lines and the extensive grass plain of Rooiplaat. Climate The mean rainfall for the area is 382 mm per annum (1962–1998), ranging from the highest rainfall of 651 mm (1977) to the lowest rainfall of 153 mm (1966), as mea- sured at the MZNP weather station. The rainy season occurs mostly in late summer and autumn, and the winters are relatively dry. Mean monthly minimum and maxi- mum temperatures vary from 6–28 ºC in summer (September–March) and from 0–20 ºC during winter (April– August) (Brown & Bezuidenhout 2000). Extreme temperatures range from –7 ºC to 37 ºC and severe frost is likely during the period May–October (Van der Walt 1980). Van der Walt (1980), further states that the vegeta- tion is subjected to continuous climatic vari- ables due to the influence of an arid climate from the east and a more moderate climate from the west. The southern mountainous peaks are exposed to increased cloud cover, extreme temperature and moisture regimes, with local climate variations resulting in a number of microhabitats. Bankberg forms a barrier to cold winter fronts, thus a warmer climate is experienced in the sheltered val- pond.qxd 2005/12/09 11:34 Page 36 ley below whilst regular snowfall occurs on higher lying areas (Van der Walt 1980). Geology and soil Mudstone, sandstone and shale of the Beau- fort Group of the Karoo Supergroup domi- nate the MZNP (Keyzer 1997). These mud- stones and shales are relatively unstable and subject to mechanical and chemical weather- ing. The material derived from these processes is usually rich in clay and salts. In addition, the MZNP sediments have been penetrated on a large scale by Post-Karoo dolerite intrusions (Keyzer 1997), forming large sheets and a number of dykes. The southern part of the park is characterised by dolerite outcrops that are remnants of the former sheet, of which the resistant Bankberg is a prominent feature (Van der Walt 1980). Highly fertile clayey soils are also derived from the fairly resistant dolerit- ic parent material. Calcareous bedrock (limestone) lines some river courses (pers.obs.), formed by chemical precipita- tion from sandstone or mudstone and found in tributaries of the Wilgerboom River from Kranskop peak (Brown & Bezuidenhout 2000). Methods Plant collections were undertaken over a two-year period during 1999 and 2000. The areas covered included De Rust, Doornhoek, Welgedacht and the following areas within the former MZNP: Rooiplaat, Kranskop, the top of Bankberg and along the kloofs down to Weltevrede and Fonteinkloof. Collection sites were selected randomly within the extensive area according to topography and plant phenology, ensuring that all variations in habitat were consid- ered and sampled. All specimens were labelled, pressed and dried, then identified by the Selmar Schönland Herbarium in Grahamstown and form part of the collection of the Kimberley South African National Parks Herbarium. Selected duplicates are kept at the Selmar Schönland Herbarium and Tech- nikon SA. The final species list was compiled from various sources: Pond and Beesley’s collection, van der Walt (1980) and a species list supplied by PRECIS (National Herbarium Pretoria Computerised Infor- mation System) for the MZNP. Plant names were entered into and consolidated by SaS (2002), a data- base for the Cape and Karoo floras. While Arnold & De Wet (1993) served as a basis for nomenclature and arrangement, SaS introduced the latest taxonom- ic changes and appropriate author updates. Only identified species were listed. Red Data status, also produced by SaS, follows Hilton-Taylor (1996). Introduced species were included and are followed by an asterisk (*). Results The MZNP plant species list totals 680 species, which represent 333 genera and 87 families. Flowering plants are represented by Monocotyledoneae with 180 species in 14 families (16 % of the total number of fami- lies) and Dicotyledoneae with 479 species in 62 families (71 %). The Bryophytes with seven families (8 %) and the Pteridophytes with four families (5 %) represent non-flow- ering plants (Fig. 2). The complete species list, separated into the different plant divi- sions, sorted by family and indicating the species’ Red Data status where applicable, appears as Appendix 1. This study added 100 new species to previous records for the MZNP. Introduced species were included in all floristic calculations. The MZNP flora is represented by 87 fami- lies, as reflected in Table 1. ISSN 0075-6458 37 Koedoe 45/1 (2002) Fig. 2. Plant divisions reflected as a percentage of the total number of plant families. pond.qxd 2005/12/09 11:34 Page 37 Koedoe 45/1 (2002) 38 ISSN 0075-6458 Families Genera Species BRYOPHYTES Aytoniaceae 1 1 Bryaceae 1 1 Fissidentaceae 1 1 Grimmiaceae 2 2 Pottiaceae 2 2 Ptychomitriaceae 1 1 Ricciaceae 1 2 PTERIDOPHYTES Anemiaceae 1 1 Aspleniaceae 1 2 Equisetaceae 1 1 Pteridaceae 2 7 MONOCOTYLEDONEAE Alliaceae 1 1 Amaryllidaceae 5 9 Asparagaceae 1 12 Asphodelaceae 5 13 Commelinaceae 2 3 Convallariaceae 2 2 Cyperaceae 9 18 Hyacinthaceae 7 17 Hypoxidaceae 2 3 Iridaceae 8 12 Juncaceae 1 6 Poaceae 47 82 Potamogetonaceae 1 1 Tecophilaeaceae 1 1 DICOTYLEDONEAE Acanthaceae 2 3 Aizoaceae 3 6 Amaranthaceae 5 10 Anacardiaceae 2 9 Apiaceae 6 6 Apocynaceae 12 14 Araliaceae 1 1 Asteraceae 51 129 Bignoniaceae 1 1 Boraginaceae 3 4 Brassicaceae 10 13 Buddlejaceae 2 3 Campanulaceae 3 12 Caryophyllaceae 3 4 Celastraceae 2 4 Families Genera Species Commelinaceae 2 2 Convolvulaceae 3 3 Crassulaceae 2 18 Cucurbitaceae 2 3 Dipsacaceae 1 2 Ebenaceae 2 5 Ericaceae 1 5 Euphorbiaceae 2 10 Fabaceae 13 35 Gentianaceae 2 2 Geraniaceae 4 21 Grubbiaceae 1 1 Haloragaceae 1 1 Kiggelariaceae 1 1 Lamiaceae 7 13 Linaceae 1 1 Loranthaceae 1 1 Malvaceae 5 15 Melianthaceae 1 1 Mesembryanthemac. 10 22 Molluginaceae 3 3 Myrsinaceae 2 2 Nyctaginaceae 1 1 Oleaceae 1 1 Orobanchaceae 1 1 Oxalidaceae 1 5 Papaveraceae 2 2 Pedaliaceae 2 2 Penaeaceae 1 2 Plantaginaceae 1 1 Polygalaceae 2 6 Polygonaceae 2 2 Portulacaceae 1 1 Ranunculaceae 3 3 Rhamnaceae 1 1 Rosaceae 1 1 Rubiaceae 4 5 Salicaceae 2 2 Santalaceae 1 1 Sapindaceae 1 1 Scrophulariaceae 10 31 Solanaceae 5 12 Thymelaceae 2 3 Urticaceae 1 2 Verbenaceae 4 4 Viscaceae 1 2 Vitaceae 2 2 Zygophyllaceae 2 2 TOTAL 87 680 Table 1 An alphabetical list of plant families collected in the MZNP, indicating the number of genera and species in each family pond.qxd 2005/12/09 11:34 Page 38 ISSN 0075-6458 39 Koedoe 45/1 (2002) Eight families dominate the MZNP flora. By far the two largest families are the Aster- aceae with 129 species, reflecting 19 % of the total flora and the Poaceae with 82 species (12 %). These are followed by much smaller, yet significant families, represented by the Fabaceae with 35 species (5.2 %), Scrophulariaceae 31 (4.6 %), Mesembryan- themaceae 22 (3.2 %), Geraniaceae 21 (3.1 %), Cyperaceae 18 (2.6 %) and the Crassulaceae also with 18 species and 2.6 % of the species total (Fig. 3). These eight fam- ilies represent 52.3 % of the MZNP flora, while the other 79 families reflect the remaining 47.7 %. Twenty-nine genera are represented by five or more species. These are listed in Table 2. Thirteen Red Data species were found, rep- resenting 1.9 % of the MZNP flora (Fig. 4). Red Data species and the categorisation are indicated in the species list (Appendix 1). Symbols and terms used in Appendix 1: Fig. 3. Dominant plant families reflecting the number of species and percentage of the total flora Genus No of species Helichrysum 20 Senecio 17 Pelargonium 17 Crassula 14 Asparagus 12 Euryops 9 Euphorbia 9 Selago 9 Eragrostis 8 Rhus 8 Wahlenbergia 8 Indigofera 7 Hermannia 7 Jamesbrittania 7 Genus No of species Juncus 6 Lotononis 6 Delosperma 6 Cheilanthes 6 Oxalis 5 Polygala 5 Pentzia 5 Pteronia 5 Erica 5 Lessertia 5 Felicia 5 Ornithogalum 5 Stachys 5 Aristida 5 Lycium 5 Table 2 Dominant genera and number of species per genus pond.qxd 2005/12/09 11:34 Page 39 Introduced species (*) amount to 46 (6.7 %) (Appendix 1). The majority of these belong to the Poaceae, represented by the genera: Bromus, Chloris, Eleusine, Eragrostis, Hordeum, Melinis, Paspalum, Poa, Poly- pogon, Setaria, Tragus, Vulpia; Amaran- thaceae: Alternanthera, Atriplex, Chenopodi- um, Salsola; Asteraceae: Anthemis, Bidens, Cirsium, Lactuca, Schkuhria, Verbesina; Brassicaceae: Capsella, Cardaria, Descu- rainia, Sisymbrium; Caryophyllaceae: Stel- laria; Convolvulaceae: Cuscuta; Malvaceae: Malva; Papaveraceae: Argemone; Plantagi- naceae: Plantago; Anacardiaceae: Schinus; Apiaceae: Ammis, Ciclospermum; Cyper- aceae: Cyperus; Polygonaceae: Polygonum; Salicaceae: Populus; Solanaceae: Datura, Nicotiana; Urticaceae: Urtica; Verbenaceae: Verbena. Discussion The Mountain Zebra National Park boasts 680 species, 333 genera and 87 families. This contrasts with the low plant species diversity for the Nama Karoo claimed by Hall, (1980) some 20 years ago. Other Nama Karoo floras compare as follows: Augrabies Falls National Park with 364 species, Karoo National Park (822), Karoo Nature Reserve (320) and of the Succulent Karoo: Goegap Nature Reserve (550), Richtersveld National Park (537) and Tankwa Karoo National Park with 245 species (SaS 2002) (Table 3). As illustrated in Fig. 3, the high presence of Asteraceae (19 %) corresponds with most floras of the sub-region and it is usually the largest family in floras of arid to semi-arid regions (Goldblatt & Manning 2000). The graminoids are strongly represented by the Poaceae (12 %). Rutherford & Westfall (1986) remark that hemicryptophytes of the Nama Karoo Biome are mainly C4 grasses, which are adapted to high temperatures and low water supply. This is relative, as the Eastern Mixed Nama Karoo has the highest rainfall of all the Karoo types and is thus ecotonal to grassland (Hoffman 1998). The relatively high proportion of Fabaceae (5.2 %) is not exceptional, as this family is well developed in most parts of the world. So is the wealth of Scrophulariaceae (4.6 %), which is reflected right across Africa, espe- cially in the floras of drier areas (Goldblatt & Manning 2000). There is a gradient of species replacement within the dry Karoo from winter to summer rainfall. For example, the Mesembryan- themaceae, represented by 3.2 % in the MZNP, ranked amongst the dominant fami- lies. However, the Mesembryanthemaeceae decline from the west (the centre of Koedoe 45/1 (2002) 40 ISSN 0075-6458 Fig. 4. Number and status of Red Data species according to Hilton-Taylor (1996). pond.qxd 2005/12/09 11:34 Page 40 endemism and species radiation) to the east, where they are replaced by other groups, such as the Crassulaceae, which make up 2.6 % of the MZNP flora. Of the 87 plant families, 71 % are Dicotyle- doneae and 16 % Monocotyledoneae (Fig. 2). Monocoteae are generally herba- ceous, whereas dicots are woody or herba- ceous and in general much more diverse in habitat (Jones & Luchsinger, 1987), suggest- ing that they are also accustomed to greater edaphic and climatic variations. A ratio of 3.8 dicots to 1 monocot species for the MZNP is slightly higher than that of the Cape floristic region and the average for flo- ras across the world at 3:1 (Goldblatt & Manning 2000). Although less diverse in habitat, monocot families have specialised to co-dominate in most floras of the sub-region. Graminoids, such as Restionaceae, Poaceae and Cyperaceae are respectively ranked as the 8th, 11th and 12th largest families of the Cape flora (Goldblatt & Manning 2000). Whilst the Restionaceae depend on winter rainfall and are less prominent east of the Cape Floral Kingdom, the Poaceae emerge in the more arid summer rainfall areas and rate as the 2nd largest family in the MZNP (12 % of the total flora). Hoffman & Cowl- ing (1987) noted that an overall increase in grass cover from west to east correlated with an overall increase in rainfall and a decline in winter rainfall. The Cyperaceae (generally associated with impoverished sandstone soils of the Cape mountain ranges by Gold- blatt & Manning, (2000) amount to 2.6 % of the flora (18 species) in the Mountain Zebra National Park. Red Data species make up 1.9 % of the MZNP flora (Fig. 4; Appendix 1), which is low compared to Fynbos, for example, which displays an average of 3–7 % of Red Data species. Other Karoo floras, however, also display low numbers of Red Data species, e.g., Augrabies Falls National Park with 0.6 %, Karoo National Park 2.2 %, Karoo Nature Reserve 1.6 %, Tankwa Karoo National Park 2.4 %, Goegap Nature Reserve 2.4 %. Richtersveld National Park has a contrasting high of 6 % (Sas 2002). Hall et al. (1980), also found the number of rare and endangered species for the Nama Karoo biome to be low. A unique feature of MZNP is the occurrence of two families that are endemic to fynbos, i.e., the Penaeaceae and Grubbiaceae. Whilst Penaea cneorum has been recorded from the Kogelberg and Riviersonderend Mountains to Port Elizabeth, Penaea acutifolia is a new record, previously only recorded from the Outeniqua Mountains to George. Also, Grubbia rosmarinifolia, whose current range of distribution is restricted from the Koue Bokkeveld to the Tsitsikamma Mountains (Goldblatt & Manning 2000), is a fynbos element and has been recorded in the park. Apart from the two records above, a number of fynbos elements were found in the park. According to Low (A.B. Low, P O Box 370, Rondebosch, 7701) (pers. comm. 2000), locally occurring genera, such as Erio- cephalus, Elytropappus, Euryops, Maytenus and Diospyros are normally associated with Renosterveld (on shale), while Passerina, Erica and Gnidia as well as the Amarylli- daceae are also associated with Fynbos. Passerina and Dodonaea spp. are known to link summer and winter rainfall areas. In addition, arid Fynbos is normally charac- terised by the absence of Ericaceae, and yet, here it is found in the more arid Karoo. To the same extent, Leucosidea sericea that commonly occurs in Drakensberg streams has also been recorded in the Mountain Zebra National Park. The floristic region of southern Africa (Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa and Swaziland) has about 20 400 native vas- cular plant species in an area of 2 674 000 km². South Africa alone may have some 18 500 species of these, considered a particularly rich and diverse flora for a pre- dominantly temperate region. The Cape Floristic Region (CFR) at 90 000 km², with 9 000 species, is striking by world standards (Goldblatt & Manning 2000). At a smaller scale, however, the MZNP study area (13 464 ha of the entire 18 000 ha) and other Karoo floras were compared in Table 3 ISSN 0075-6458 41 Koedoe 45/1 (2002) pond.qxd 2005/12/09 11:34 Page 41 (Zietsman & Bezuidenhout 1999; Zietsman et al. 1992; Van Rooyen & Bezuidenhout 1997; SaS 2002). Plant species richness at 5.05 species per 100 ha is considerably higher when com- pared to the other parks and reserves. Thus the MZNP displays a rich floristic composi- tion, a result of extreme habitat and substrate diversity, ranging from sandstones to shales and dolerite dykes to calcareous bedrock with extensive grass plains, shrublands, high altitude seeps and riverine thicket. Microcli- matic conditions play an important role in the germination and establishment of seedlings of karoo plants (Roux & Theron 1987). Geophytes seem best adapted to a seasonally extreme climate with a wet winter and dry summer, in semi-arid conditions (Goldblatt & Manning 2000). This is evident in the Suc- culent Karoo, where geophytes are most abundant, both in terms of species richness and cover (Hoffman & Cowling 1987). There is a high incidence of geophytes in the MZNP (8 % of the total flora) represented by the Alliaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Aspho- delaceae, Hyacinthaceae, Hypoxydaceae and Iridaceae. Despite the fact that most of the park experiences a semi-arid climate with erratic rainfall that occurs mainly in summer, Hoffman & Cowling (1987) remark that geo- phytes are very conspicuous in the eastern Karoo. Conclusion The Eastern Mixed Nama Karoo comprises of 77 784 km², of which only 1.08 % is presently conserved (Low & Rebelo 1998). Complex soils, erratic rainfall and climate, as well as variations in altitude and habitat have driven the processes leading to a rela- tively high species richness for the Mountain Zebra National Park. It is clear that vegeta- tion is much more than a list of plant species. This floristic account, together with the stud- ies on plant communities (Van der Walt 1980; Brown & Bezuidenhout 2000), serves as a basis to develop a habitat management plan for the national park. Considered an ecotone between the Nama Karoo and Grass- land Biomes, this area displays a rich variety of vegetation types and habitats in juxtaposi- tion. The results of this study indicate that the newly enlarged Mountain Zebra Nation- al Park forms an important conservation area and is a noteworthy centre of biological diversity, including species richness, ecosys- tem complexity and genetic variation. It is therefore important that a detailed manage- ment plan be developed for the park to ensure the sustainalbe utilisation and conser- vation of the vegetation of the area. Acknowledgements The following individuals and institutions are sin- cerely thanked: South African National Parks (SAN- Parks) and Technikon SA (TSA) for initiating this Koedoe 45/1 (2002) 42 ISSN 0075-6458 Table 3 Comparison of the species/area ratio of selected protected areas in South Africa Area Size (ha) Number of species Species per 100 ha Augrabies Falls National Park 18 600 364 1.95 Goegap Nature Reserve 14 531 550 3.78 Kalahari Gemsbok National Park 959 300 489 0.05 Karoo National Park 43 261 822 1.90 Karoo Nature Reserve 16 000 320 2.00 Mountain Zebra National Park 13 464 680 5.05 Richtersveld National Park 162 445 537 0.33 Tankwa Karoo National Park 27 064 245 0.90 Vaalbos National Park 22 696 334 1.47 pond.qxd 2005/12/09 11:34 Page 42 study; National Research Foundation (NRF) and Technikon SA for financing this study; National Botanical Institute for the use of data from the National Herbarium, Pretoria (PRE) Computerised Information System (PRECIS) and for ad hoc iden- tifications; Tony Dold at the Selmar Schönland Herbarium, Grahamstown for plant identifications; Barrie Low, Environmental Consultant, for the input and update of the species list via the SaS database and for comment on the draft report; Johan de Klerk, Section Game Ranger at MZNP, for his help and sup- port; Mountain Zebra National Park warden Paddy Gordon (at the time) and staff for accommodating this study. References ACOCKS, J.P.H. 1988. Veld Types of South Africa. 3rd edn. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa 57: 1–146. ARNOLD, T.H. & B.C. DE WET. 1993. Plants of south- ern Africa: names and distribution. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa 62: 5–825. BROWN, L.R. & H. BEZUIDENHOUT. 2000. The phy- tosociology of the De Rust section of the Moun- tain Zebra National Park, Eastern Cape. Koedoe 43(1): 1–18. GOLDBLATT, P. & J. MANNING. 2000. Cape Plants. A conspectus of the Cape Flora of South Africa. Strelitzia 9. Cape Town: Missouri Botanical Gar- dens USA & National Botanical Institute, SA. HALL, A.V., M. DE WINTER, B. DE WINTER & S.A.M. OOSTERHOUT. 1980. Description of Biomes. Pp. 45–65. In: Rutherford, M.C. & R.H. Westfall. Biomes of Southern Africa—an objective catego- rization. Pretoria: Botanical Research Institute, Department of Agriculture and Water Supply. (Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa; no 54.) HILTON-TAYLOR, C. 1996. 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New records of flowering plants and ferns from the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park. Koedoe 40(2): 105–116. WAHL, M. & K. NAUDE. 1996. National register of protected areas in South Africa. Pretoria: Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism. ZIETSMAN, P.C. & H. BEZUIDENHOUT. 1999. Flower- ing plant biodiversity of Augrabies Falls Nation- al Park: a comparison between Augrabies Falls National Park, Kalahari Gemsbok National Park, Vaalbos National Park and Goegap Nature Reserve. Koedoe 42(2): 95–112. ZIETSMAN, P.C., P.J. DU PREEZ & H. BEZUIDENHOUT. 1992. A preliminary check list of flowering plants of the Vaalbos National Park. Koedoe 35(1): 89–98. Appendix 1 Plant species list for the Mountain Zebra National Park ISSN 0075-6458 43 Koedoe 45/1 (2002) Appendix 1 .../ pond.qxd 2005/12/09 11:34 Page 43 E Endangered – taxa in danger of extinction if causal factors continue operating Ex Extinct – taxa which are no longer known to exist in the wild I Indeterminate –taxa known to be extinct, endangered, vulnerable or rare but information is insufficient to categorise them K Insufficiently known –taxa that are suspected to belong to any of the above categories but information is lacking R Rare – taxa with small world populations, presently not endangered or vulnerable but at risk that a threat could cause a critical decline V Vulnerable –taxa believed likely to move into the endangered category in the near future if the factors causing decline continue operating Us Unspecified –taxa previously threatened but are no longer in any of the above categories due to an increase in population size or to subsequent discoveries * Introduced species Family Species Red Data Pres/Past BRYOPHYTES AYTONIACEAE Plagiochasma rupestre var. rupestre (G.Forst.) Steph. BRYACEAE Bryum turbinatum (Hedw.) Turner FISSIDENTACEAE Fissidens rufescens Hornsch. GRIMMIACEAE Grimmia pulvinata (Hedw.) Sm. GRIMMIACEAE Schistidium apocarpum (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. POTTIACEAE Microbryum davallianum (Sm.) R.H.Zander POTTIACEAE Triquetrella tristicha (C.Müll.) C.Müll. PTYCHOMITRIACEAE Ptychomitrium subcrispatum Thér. & P.Vard. RICCIACEAE Riccia nigrella DC. RICCIACEAE Riccia simii Perold Complete list Selective list Total species: 680 Total species: 10 Total genera: 333 Total genera: 9 Total families: 87 Total families: 7 Total red data species: 13 Total red data species: 0 PTERIDOPHYTES ANEMIACEAE Mohria vestita Baker ASPLENIACEAE Asplenium cordatum (Thunb.) Sw. ASPLENIACEAE Asplenium trichomanes L. EQUISETACEAE Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. PTERIDACEAE Cheilanthes bergiana Schlechtd. PTERIDACEAE Cheilanthes eckloniana (Kunze) Mett. PTERIDACEAE Cheilanthes hirta Sw. PTERIDACEAE Cheilanthes induta Kunze PTERIDACEAE Cheilanthes multifida (Sw.) Sw. subsp. multifida PTERIDACEAE Cheilanthes parviloba (Sw.) Sw. PTERIDACEAE Pellaea calomelanos (Sw.) Link var. calomelanos Complete list Selective list Koedoe 45/1 (2002) 44 ISSN 0075-6458 pond.qxd 2005/12/09 11:34 Page 44 Total species: 680 Total species: 11 Total genera: 333 Total genera: 5 Total families: 87 Total families: 4 Total red data species: 13 Total red data species: 0 MONOCOTYLEDONEAE ALLIACEAE Tulbaghia galpinii Schltr. AMARYLLIDACEAE Ammocharis coranica (Ker Gawl.) Herb. AMARYLLIDACEAE Boophone disticha (L.f.) Herb. AMARYLLIDACEAE Cyrtanthus contractus N.E.Br. AMARYLLIDACEAE Cyrtanthus macowanii Baker Us AMARYLLIDACEAE Cyrtanthus spiralis Burch. ex Ker Gawl. V AMARYLLIDACEAE Cyrtanthus suaveolens Schönland K AMARYLLIDACEAE Haemanthus albiflos Jacq. AMARYLLIDACEAE Haemanthus humilis subsp. humilis Jacq. AMARYLLIDACEAE Nerine huttoniae Schönland K ASPARAGACEAE Asparagus acocksii Jessop ASPARAGACEAE Asparagus capensis var. capensis L. ASPARAGACEAE Asparagus cooperi Baker ASPARAGACEAE Asparagus densiflorus (Kunth) Jessop ASPARAGACEAE Asparagus denudatus (Kunth) Baker ASPARAGACEAE Asparagus exuvialis Burch. forma exuvialis ASPARAGACEAE Asparagus glaucus Kies ASPARAGACEAE Asparagus mucronatus Jessop ASPARAGACEAE Asparagus multiflorus Baker ASPARAGACEAE Asparagus retrofractus L. ASPARAGACEAE Asparagus striatus (L.f.) Thunb. ASPARAGACEAE Asparagus suaveolens Burch. ASPHODELACEAE Aloe striata Haw. subsp. striata ASPHODELACEAE Aloe striatula Haw. var. caesia Reynolds ASPHODELACEAE Aloe variegata L. ASPHODELACEAE Bulbine abyssinica A.Rich. ASPHODELACEAE Bulbine frutescens (L.) Willd. ASPHODELACEAE Bulbine narcissifolia Salm-Dyck ASPHODELACEAE Gasteria bicolor Haw. var. bicolor ASPHODELACEAE Haworthia arachnoidea (L.) Duval ASPHODELACEAE Haworthia deltoidea (Hook.f.) Parr var. deltoidea ASPHODELACEAE Haworthia herbacea (Mill.) Stearn var. herbacea ASPHODELACEAE Haworthia lockwoodii Archibald V ASPHODELACEAE Kniphofia acraea Codd R ASPHODELACEAE Kniphofia uvaria (L.) Oken COMMELINACEAE Commelina africana L. var. africana COMMELINACEAE Commelina africana L. var. lancispatha C.B.Clarke COMMELINACEAE Cyanotis speciosa (L.f.) Hassk. CONVALLARIACEAE Eriospermum corymbosum Baker CONVALLARIACEAE Sansevieria aethiopica Thunb. CYPERACEAE Bulbostylis humilis (Kunth) C.B.Clarke CYPERACEAE Carex spicato-paniculata C.B.Clarke CYPERACEAE Cyperus denudatus L.f CYPERACEAE Cyperus laevigatus L. CYPERACEAE Cyperus rotundus L. * CYPERACEAE Cyperus usitatus Burch. CYPERACEAE Fuirena coerulescens Steud. CYPERACEAE Isolepis costata (Boeck.) A.Rich. var. costata CYPERACEAE Isolepis karroica (C.B.Clarke) J.Raynal ISSN 0075-6458 45 Koedoe 45/1 (2002) pond.qxd 2005/12/09 11:34 Page 45 CYPERACEAE Isolepis setacea (L.) R. Br. CYPERACEAE Kyllinga alata Nees CYPERACEAE Kyllinga alba Nees CYPERACEAE Kyllinga pulchella Kunth CYPERACEAE Mariscus congestus (Vahl) C.B.Clarke CYPERACEAE Mariscus sumatrensis (Retz.) J. Raynal CYPERACEAE Mariscus uitenhagensis Steud. CYPERACEAE Pseudoschoenus inanis (Thunb.) Oteng-Yeboah CYPERACEAE Schoenoxiphium sparteum (Wahlenb.) C.B.Clarke HYACINTHACEAE Albuca flaccida Jacq. HYACINTHACEAE Albuca maxima Burm.f. HYACINTHACEAE Albuca shawii Baker HYACINTHACEAE Dipcadi ciliare (Zeyh. ex Harv.) Baker HYACINTHACEAE Eucomis comosa (Houtt.) H.R.Wehrh. var. comosa HYACINTHACEAE Lachenalia karooica W.F.Barker ex G.D.Duncan HYACINTHACEAE Lachenalia variegata W.F.Barker HYACINTHACEAE Ledebouria apertiflora (Baker) Jessop HYACINTHACEAE Ledebouria cooperi (Hook.f.) Jessop HYACINTHACEAE Ledebouria undulata (Jacq.) Jessop HYACINTHACEAE Massonia echinata L.f. HYACINTHACEAE Massonia pustulata Jacq. HYACINTHACEAE Ornithogalum graminifolium Thunb. HYACINTHACEAE Ornithogalum juncifolium Jacq. HYACINTHACEAE Ornithogalum maculatum Jacq. HYACINTHACEAE Ornithogalum paludosum Baker HYACINTHACEAE Ornithogalum secundum Jacq. Us HYPOXIDACEAE Empodium plicatum (Thunb.) Garside HYPOXIDACEAE Hypoxis angustifolia Lam. var. angustifolia HYPOXIDACEAE Hypoxis argentea var. argentea Harv. ex Baker IRIDACEAE Dierama pendulum (L.f.) Baker IRIDACEAE Gladiolus permeabilis D.Delaroche subsp. edulis (Burch. ex Ker Gawl.) Oberm. IRIDACEAE Hesperantha longituba (Klatt) Baker IRIDACEAE Lapeirousia plicata (Jacq.) Diels subsp. plicata IRIDACEAE Moraea elliotii Baker IRIDACEAE Moraea polystachya (Thunb.) Ker Gawl. IRIDACEAE Moraea simulans Baker IRIDACEAE Romulea atrandra G.J.Lewis var. atrandra IRIDACEAE Syringodea concolor (Baker) M.P.de Vos IRIDACEAE Tritonia dubia Eckl. ex Klatt IRIDACEAE Tritonia laxifolia Benth. ex Baker IRIDACEAE Tritonia lineata (Salisb.) Ker Gawl. JUNCACEAE Juncus dregeanus Kunth JUNCACEAE Juncus effusus L. JUNCACEAE Juncus oxycarpus E.Mey. ex Kunth JUNCACEAE Juncus exsertus Buchenau subsp. exsertus JUNCACEAE Juncus inflexus L. JUNCACEAE Juncus rigidus Desf. POACEAE Agrostis lachnantha Nees var. lachnantha POACEAE Aristida adscensionis L. POACEAE Aristida congesta Roem. & Schult. subsp. congesta POACEAE Aristida diffusa Trin. subsp. burkei (Stapf) Meld. POACEAE Aristida diffusa Trin. subsp. diffusa POACEAE Aristida junciformis Trin. & Rupr. POACEAE Bothriochloa radicans (Lehm.) A.Camus POACEAE Bromus catharticus Vahl * Koedoe 45/1 (2002) 46 ISSN 0075-6458 pond.qxd 2005/12/09 11:34 Page 46 POACEAE Bromus pectinatus Thunb. * POACEAE Cenchrus ciliaris L. POACEAE Chloris virgata Sw. * POACEAE Cymbopogon dieterlenii Stapf ex E.Phillips POACEAE Cymbopogon marginatus (Steud.) Stapf ex Burtt Davy POACEAE Cymbopogon plurinodis (Stapf) Stapf ex Burtt Davy POACEAE Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. POACEAE Cynodon incompletus Nees POACEAE Digitaria eriantha Steud. POACEAE Diplachne fusca (L.) P.Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult. POACEAE Ehrharta calycina J.E.Sm. var. calycina POACEAE Ehrharta erecta Lam. var. erecta POACEAE Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. * POACEAE Elionurus muticus (Spreng.) Kunth POACEAE Enneapogon scoparius Stapf POACEAE Eragrostis barrelieri Daveau * POACEAE Eragrostis bergiana (Kunth) Trin. POACEAE Eragrostis chapelieri (Kunth) Nees POACEAE Eragrostis chloromelas Steud. POACEAE Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees POACEAE Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees var. lehmanniana POACEAE Eragrostis obtusa Munro ex Ficalho & Hiern POACEAE Eragrostis plana Nees POACEAE Eustachys paspaloides (Vahl) Lanza & Mattei POACEAE Festuca scabra Vahl POACEAE Fingerhuthia africana Lehm. POACEAE Fingerhuthia sesleriiformis Nees POACEAE Helictotrichon capense Schweick. POACEAE Heteropogon contortus (L.) P.Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult. POACEAE Hordeum stenostachys Godr. * POACEAE Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf POACEAE Koeleria capensis (Steud.) Nees POACEAE Melica decumbens Thunb. POACEAE Melica racemosa Thunb. POACEAE Melinis nerviglumis (Franch.) Zizka POACEAE Melinis repens (Willd.) Ziska * POACEAE Merxmuellera disticha (Nees) Conert POACEAE Merxmuellera stricta (Schrad.) Conert POACEAE Microchloa caffra Nees POACEAE Miscanthus capensis (Nees) Andersson POACEAE Oropetium capense Stapf POACEAE Panicum coloratum L. var. coloratum POACEAE Panicum deustum Thunb. POACEAE Panicum maximum Jacq. POACEAE Panicum stapfianum Fourc. POACEAE Paspalum dilatatum Poir. * POACEAE Pennisetum macrourum Trin. POACEAE Pennisetum sphacelatum (Nees) T.Durand & Schinz POACEAE Pentaschistis airoides (Nees) Stapf subsp. airoides POACEAE Pentaschistis airoides (Nees) Stapf subsp. jugorum (Stapf) H.P.Linder POACEAE Pentaschistis curvifolia (Schrad.) Stapf POACEAE Pentaschistis glandulosa (Schrad.) H.P.Linder POACEAE Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. POACEAE Poa annua L. * POACEAE Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. * POACEAE Schismus barbatus (Loefl. ex L.) Thell. ISSN 0075-6458 47 Koedoe 45/1 (2002) pond.qxd 2005/12/09 11:34 Page 47 POACEAE Schismus inermis (Stapf) C.E.Hubb. POACEAE Setaria nigrirostris (Nees) T.Durand & Schinz POACEAE Setaria sphacelata (Schum.) Stapf & C.E.Hubb. ex Moss var. sphacelata POACEAE Setaria verticillata (L.) P.Beauv. * POACEAE Sporobolus africanus (Poir.) Robyns & Tournay POACEAE Sporobolus discosporus Nees POACEAE Sporobolus fimbriatus (Trin.) Nees POACEAE Stipa dregeana Steud. var. dregeana POACEAE Stipa dregeana Steud. var. elongata (Nees) Stapf POACEAE Stipagrostis ciliata (Desf.) De Winter POACEAE Stipagrostis obtusa (Del.) Nees POACEAE Tetrachne dregei Nees POACEAE Themeda triandra Forssk. POACEAE Tragus berteronianus Schult. * POACEAE Tragus koelerioides Aschers. POACEAE Tribolium hispidum (Thunb.) Desv. POACEAE Urochloa panicoides P.Beauv. POACEAE Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C.Gmel. * POTAMOGETONACEAE Potamogeton pusillus L. TECOPHILAEACEAE Cyanella lutea L.f. Complete list Selective list Total species: 680 Total species: 180 Total genera: 333 Total genera: 92 Total families: 87 Total families: 14 Total red data species: 13 Total red data species: 5 DICOTYLEDONEAE ACANTHACEAE Blepharis capensis var. capensis (L.f.) Pers. ACANTHACEAE Blepharis villosa (Nees) C.B.Clarke ACANTHACEAE Justicia orchioides L.f. subsp. glabrata Immelman Us AIZOACEAE Aizoon glinoides L.f. AIZOACEAE Galenia africana L. AIZOACEAE Galenia procumbens L.f. AIZOACEAE Galenia pubescens var. pubescens (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Druce AIZOACEAE Galenia sarcophylla Fenzl AIZOACEAE Tetragonia echinata Aiton AMARANTHACEAE Alternanthera pungens H.B.&K. * AMARANTHACEAE Atriplex semibaccata R.Br. * AMARANTHACEAE Atriplex suberecta I.Verd. AMARANTHACEAE Atriplex vestita (Thunb.) Aellen AMARANTHACEAE Chenopodium mucronatum Thunb. * AMARANTHACEAE Chenopodium murale L. * AMARANTHACEAE Chenopodium schraderianum Roem. & Schult. * AMARANTHACEAE Salsola aphylla L.f. AMARANTHACEAE Salsola kali L. * AMARANTHACEAE Suaeda fruticosa (L.) Forssk. ANACARDIACEAE Rhus divaricata Eckl. & Zeyh. ANACARDIACEAE Rhus dregeana Sond. ANACARDIACEAE Rhus erosa Thunb. ANACARDIACEAE Rhus gracillima Engl. ANACARDIACEAE Rhus lancea L.f. Koedoe 45/1 (2002) 48 ISSN 0075-6458 pond.qxd 2005/12/09 11:34 Page 48 ANACARDIACEAE Rhus lucida L. ANACARDIACEAE Rhus pyroides Burch var. pyroides. ANACARDIACEAE Rhus undulata Jacq. ANACARDIACEAE Schinus molle L. * APIACEAE Ammis majus L. var. glaucifolium (L.) Godron * APIACEAE Berula erecta (Huds.) Coville subsp. thunbergii (DC.) B.L.Burtt APIACEAE Bupleurum mundii Cham. & Schlechtd. APIACEAE Ciclospermum leptophyllum (Pers.) Sprague * APIACEAE Deverra burchellii (DC.) Eckl. & Zeyh. APIACEAE Heteromorpha arborescens (Spreng.) Cham. & Schltdl. APOCYNACEAE Asclepias compressidens (N.E.Br.) A.Nicholas I APOCYNACEAE Brachystelma circinatum E.Mey. APOCYNACEAE Carissa haematocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. APOCYNACEAE Duvalia caespitosa (Masson) Haw. var. caespitosa APOCYNACEAE Duvalia modesta N.E.Br. APOCYNACEAE Gomphocarpus fruticosa L. APOCYNACEAE Gomphocarpus tomentosus Burch. APOCYNACEAE Huernia brevirostris N.E.Br. subsp. intermedia N.E.Br. APOCYNACEAE Microloma armatum (Thunb.) Schltr. ex Gilg var. armatum APOCYNACEAE Pachycymbium miscellum (N.E.Br.) M.Gilbert Us APOCYNACEAE Pachypodium succulentum (L.f.) A.DC. APOCYNACEAE Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R.Br. subsp. viminale APOCYNACEAE Schizoglossum aschersonianum Schltr. var. aschersonianum APOCYNACEAE Stenostelma capense Schltr. ARALIACEAE Cussonia paniculata Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. paniculata ASTERACEAE Amellus strigosus (Thunb.) Less. ASTERACEAE Anthemis cotula L. * ASTERACEAE Arctotheca calendula (L.) Levyns ASTERACEAE Arctotis arctotoides (L.f.) O.Hoffm. ASTERACEAE Arctotis microcephala (DC.) P.Beauv. ASTERACEAE Berkheya armata (Vahl) Druce ASTERACEAE Berkheya decurrens (Thunb.) Willd. ASTERACEAE Bidens pilosa L. * ASTERACEAE Chrysanthemoides monilifera (L.) Norl. subsp. subcanescens (DC.) Norl. ASTERACEAE Chrysocoma ciliata L. ASTERACEAE Cineraria aspera Thunb. ASTERACEAE Cineraria geraniifolia DC. ASTERACEAE Cineraria lobata L’Her. ASTERACEAE Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. * ASTERACEAE Conyza podocephala DC. ASTERACEAE Conyza scabrida DC. ASTERACEAE Cotula heterocarpa DC. ASTERACEAE Cotula nigellifolia (DC.) Bremer & Humphries ASTERACEAE Cotula zeyheri Fenzl ASTERACEAE Cuspidia cernua (L.f.) B.L.Burtt ASTERACEAE Dimorphotheca cuneata (Thunb.) Less. ASTERACEAE Dimorphotheca zeyheri Sond. ASTERACEAE Elytropappus rhinocerotis (L.f.) Less. ASTERACEAE Eriocephalus africanus L. ASTERACEAE Eriocephalus ericoides (L.f.) Druce ASTERACEAE Eriocephalus eximius DC. ASTERACEAE Eriocephalus punctulatus DC. ASTERACEAE Euryops annae E.Phillips ASTERACEAE Euryops annuus Compton ASTERACEAE Euryops anthemoides B.Nord. subsp. anthemoides ASTERACEAE Euryops dentatus B.Nord. R ISSN 0075-6458 49 Koedoe 45/1 (2002) pond.qxd 2005/12/09 11:34 Page 49 ASTERACEAE Euryops floribundus N.E.Br. ASTERACEAE Euryops lateriflorus (L.f.) DC. ASTERACEAE Euryops oligoglossus DC. subsp. oligoglossus ASTERACEAE Euryops spathaceus DC. ASTERACEAE Euryops tenuissimus (L.) DC. ASTERACEAE Felicia fascicularis DC. ASTERACEAE Felicia filifolia (Vent.) Burtt Davy subsp. filifolia ASTERACEAE Felicia muricata (Thunb.) Nees subsp. muricata ASTERACEAE Felicia ovata (Thunb.) Compton ASTERACEAE Felicia zeyheri (Less.) Nees subsp. linifolia (Harv.) Grau ASTERACEAE Foveolina albida (DC.) Kallersjo ASTERACEAE Garuleum bipinnatum (Thunb.) Less. ASTERACEAE Garuleum pinnatifidum (Thunb.) DC. ASTERACEAE Gazania krebsiana Less. subsp. arctotoides (Less.) Roessler ASTERACEAE Gazania krebsiana Less. subsp. krebsiana ASTERACEAE Gazania linearis (Thunb.) Druce ASTERACEAE Geigeria ornativa O.Hoffm. ASTERACEAE Gymnostephium papposum Nesom ASTERACEAE Helichrysum anomalum Less. ASTERACEAE Helichrysum asperum (Thunb.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt var. asperum ASTERACEAE Helichrysum cerastioides DC. var. cerastioides ASTERACEAE Helichrysum dasycephalum O.Hoffm. ASTERACEAE Helichrysum dregeanum Sond. & Harv. ASTERACEAE Helichrysum epapposum Bolus ASTERACEAE Helichrysum hamulosum E.Mey. ex DC. ASTERACEAE Helichrysum lineatum Bolus ASTERACEAE Helichrysum lucilioides Less. ASTERACEAE Helichrysum montanum DC. ASTERACEAE Helichrysum nudifolium (L.) Less. ASTERACEAE Helichrysum odoratissimum (L.) Sweet ASTERACEAE Helichrysum petiolare Hilliard & B.L.Burtt ASTERACEAE Helichrysum rosum (Berg.) Less. var. rosum ASTERACEAE Helichrysum rugulosum Less. ASTERACEAE Helichrysum rutilans (L.) D.Don Us ASTERACEAE Helichrysum splendidum (Thunb.) Less. ASTERACEAE Helichrysum trilineatum DC. ASTERACEAE Helichrysum umbraculigerum Less. ASTERACEAE Helichrysum zeyheri Less. ASTERACEAE Hertia pallens (DC.) Kuntze ASTERACEAE Ifloga glomerata (Harv.) Schltr. ASTERACEAE Kleinia longiflora DC. ASTERACEAE Lactuca inermis Forssk. * ASTERACEAE Lasiopogon muscoides (Desf.) DC. ASTERACEAE Lasiospermum bipinnatum (Thunb.) Druce ASTERACEAE Lasiospermum pedunculare Lag. ASTERACEAE Marasmodes polycephalus DC. ASTERACEAE Mikania cordata (Burm.f.) B.L.Rob. ASTERACEAE Oldenburgia paradoxa Less. ASTERACEAE Oligocarpus calendulaceus (L.f.) Less. ASTERACEAE Oncosiphon piluliferum (L.f.) Kallersjo ASTERACEAE Othonna auriculifolia Licht. ex Less. ASTERACEAE Othonna cylindrica (Lam.) DC. ASTERACEAE Othonna pavonia E.Mey. ASTERACEAE Pegolettia retrofracta (Thunb.) Kies ASTERACEAE Pentzia cooperi Harv. ASTERACEAE Pentzia globosa Less. Koedoe 45/1 (2002) 50 ISSN 0075-6458 pond.qxd 2005/12/09 11:34 Page 50 ASTERACEAE Pentzia incana (Thunb.) Kuntze Us ASTERACEAE Pentzia punctata Harv. ASTERACEAE Pentzia sphaerocephala DC. ASTERACEAE Phymaspermum aciculare (E.Mey. ex Harv.) Benth. & Hook. ex Jackson ASTERACEAE Phymaspermum parvifolium (DC.) Benth. & Hook. ex Jackson ASTERACEAE Pseudognaphalium luteo-album (L.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt ASTERACEAE Pseudognaphalium undulatum (L.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt ASTERACEAE Pteronia adenocarpa Harv. ASTERACEAE Pteronia erythrochaeta DC. ASTERACEAE Pteronia glauca Thunb. ASTERACEAE Pteronia incana (Burm.) DC. ASTERACEAE Pteronia staehelinoides DC. ASTERACEAE Pulicaria scabra (Thunb.) Druce ASTERACEAE Rosenia humilis (Less.) Bremer ASTERACEAE Schkuhria pinnata (Lam.) Cabr. * ASTERACEAE Senecio achilleifolius DC. ASTERACEAE Senecio acutifolius DC. ASTERACEAE Senecio agapetes C.Jeffrey ASTERACEAE Senecio asperulus DC. ASTERACEAE Senecio burchellii DC. ASTERACEAE Senecio erysimoides DC. K ASTERACEAE Senecio incomptus DC. ASTERACEAE Senecio juniperinus L.f. var. juniperinus ASTERACEAE Senecio lanifer Mart. ex C.Jeffrey ASTERACEAE Senecio leptophyllus DC. ASTERACEAE Senecio linifolius L. ASTERACEAE Senecio oxyodontus DC. ASTERACEAE Senecio radicans (L.f.) Sch.Bip. ASTERACEAE Senecio ruwenzoriensis S.Moore ASTERACEAE Senecio speciosus Willd. ASTERACEAE Senecio striatifolius DC. ASTERACEAE Senecio vimineus DC. ASTERACEAE Sonchus dregeanus DC. ASTERACEAE Tarchonanthus camphoratus L. ASTERACEAE Tolpis capensis (L.) Sch.Bip. ASTERACEAE Tripteris aghillana DC. var. aghillana ASTERACEAE Troglophyton capillaceum (Thunb.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt ASTERACEAE Ursinia montana DC. subsp. apiculata (DC.) Prassler ASTERACEAE Ursinia nana DC. subsp. nana ASTERACEAE Ursinia paleacea (L.) Moench ASTERACEAE Ursinia trifida (Thunb.) N.E.Br. forma trifida ASTERACEAE Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) Benth. & Hook. * BIGNONIACEAE Rhigozum obovatum Burch. BORAGINACEAE Anchusa capensis Thunb. BORAGINACEAE Ehretia rigida (Thunb.) Druce BORAGINACEAE Lithospermum cinereum DC. BORAGINACEAE Lithospermum diversifolium DC. BRASSICACEAE Boscia oleoides (Burch. ex DC.) Toelken BRASSICACEAE Cadaba aphylla (Thunb.) Wild BRASSICACEAE Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. * BRASSICACEAE Cardaria draba (L.) Desv. * BRASSICACEAE Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl * BRASSICACEAE Erucastrum strigosum (Thunb.) O.E.Schulz BRASSICACEAE Heliophila cornuta Sond. var. squamata (Schltr.) Marais BRASSICACEAE Heliophila suavissima Burch. ex DC. BRASSICACEAE Lepidium africanum (Burm. f.) DC. subsp. divaricatum (Aiton) Jonsell ISSN 0075-6458 51 Koedoe 45/1 (2002) pond.qxd 2005/12/09 11:34 Page 51 BRASSICACEAE Rorippa fluviatilis (E.Mey. ex Sond.) Thell. BRASSICACEAE Sisymbrium burchellii DC. var. burchellii BRASSICACEAE Sisymbrium capense Thunb. BRASSICACEAE Sisymbrium orientale L. * BUDDLEJACEAE Buddleja glomerata H.L.Wendl. BUDDLEJACEAE Buddleja salviifolia (L.) Lam. BUDDLEJACEAE Gomphostigma virgatum (L.f.) Baill. CAMPANULACEAE Cyphia digitata (Thunb.) Willd. CAMPANULACEAE Cyphia sylvatica var. sylvatica Eckl. CAMPANULACEAE Lobelia flaccida subsp. flaccida (C.Presl) A.DC. CAMPANULACEAE Lobelia neglecta Roem. & Schult. CAMPANULACEAE Wahlenbergia albens (Spreng. ex A.DC.) Lammers CAMPANULACEAE Wahlenbergia androsacea A.DC. Us CAMPANULACEAE Wahlenbergia galpiniae Schltr. CAMPANULACEAE Wahlenbergia neorigida Lammers CAMPANULACEAE Wahlenbergia nodosa (H.Buek) Lammers CAMPANULACEAE Wahlenbergia pyrophila Lammers CAMPANULACEAE Wahlenbergia uitenhagensis (H.Buek) Lammers CAMPANULACEAE Wahlenbergia undulata (L.f.) A.DC. CARYOPHYLLACEAE Dianthus thunbergii Hooper CARYOPHYLLACEAE Silene undulata Aiton CARYOPHYLLACEAE Stellaria media (L.) Vill. * CARYOPHYLLACEAE Stellaria pallida (Dumort.) Piré CELASTRACEAE Gymnosporia buxifolia (L.) Szyszyl. CELASTRACEAE Gymnosporia linearis (L.f.) Loes. subsp. linearis CELASTRACEAE Maytenus polyacantha (Sond.) Marais CELASTRACEAE Maytenus undata (Thunb.) Blakelock COMMELINACEAE Commelina africana L. COMMELINACEAE Cyanotis speciosa (L.f.) Hassk. CONVOLVULACEAE Convolvulus sagittatus Thunb. CONVOLVULACEAE Cuscuta campestris Yunck. * CONVOLVULACEAE Ipomoea oenotheroides (L.f.) Raf. ex Hallier f. CRASSULACEAE Cotyledon campanulata Marloth CRASSULACEAE Cotyledon orbiculata L. var. oblonga (Haw.) DC. Us CRASSULACEAE Cotyledon orbiculata L. var. orbiculata CRASSULACEAE Cotyledon velutina Hook.f. Us CRASSULACEAE Crassula capitella Thunb. subsp. capitella CRASSULACEAE Crassula capitella Thunb. subsp. thyrsiflora (Thunb.) Toelken CRASSULACEAE Crassula corallina Thunb. CRASSULACEAE Crassula dependens Bolus CRASSULACEAE Crassula exilis Harv. subsp. cooperi (Regel) Toelken CRASSULACEAE Crassula lanuginosa var. pachystemon Harv. Us CRASSULACEAE Crassula mesembryanthoides (Haw.) Dietr. CRASSULACEAE Crassula muscosa L. var. muscosa CRASSULACEAE Crassula obovata Haw. CRASSULACEAE Crassula perforata Thunb. CRASSULACEAE Crassula pubescens Thunb. subsp. rattrayi (Schönland & Baker f.) Toelken CRASSULACEAE Crassula sarcocaulis Eckl. & Zeyh. CRASSULACEAE Crassula tetragona L. subsp. acutifolia (Lam.) Toelken CRASSULACEAE Crassula vaillantii (Willd.) Roth CUCURBITACEAE Cucumis zeyheri Sond. CUCURBITACEAE Kedrostis africana (L.) Cogn. CUCURBITACEAE Kedrostis capensis (Sond.) A.Meeuse DIPSACACEAE Scabiosa columbaria L. DIPSACACEAE Scabiosa incisa Mill. EBENACEAE Diospyros austro-africana De Winter EBENACEAE Diospyros lycioides Desf. subsp. lycioides Koedoe 45/1 (2002) 52 ISSN 0075-6458 pond.qxd 2005/12/09 11:34 Page 52 EBENACEAE Diospyros scabrida (Harv. ex Hiern) De Winter EBENACEAE Diospyros whyteana (Hiern) F.White EBENACEAE Euclea crispa (Thunb.) Guerke subsp. ovata (Burch.) F.White ERICACEAE Erica albens L. var. albens ERICACEAE Erica fuscescens (Klotzsch) E.G.H.Oliv. ERICACEAE Erica lanata Andrews ERICACEAE Erica lehmannii Klotzsch K ERICACEAE Erica leucopelta Tausch EUPHORBIACEAE Clutia pulchella L. var. pulchella EUPHORBIACEAE Euphorbia aggregata A.Berger var. aggregata EUPHORBIACEAE Euphorbia arceuthobioides Boiss. EUPHORBIACEAE Euphorbia caterviflora N.E.Br. EUPHORBIACEAE Euphorbia clavarioides Boiss. var. clavarioides EUPHORBIACEAE Euphorbia mauritanica L. var. mauritanica EUPHORBIACEAE Euphorbia micracantha Boiss. EUPHORBIACEAE Euphorbia ornithopus Jacq. K EUPHORBIACEAE Euphorbia polycephala Marloth V EUPHORBIACEAE Euphorbia tridentata Lam. FABACEAE Acacia caffra (Thunb.) Willd. FABACEAE Acacia fleckii Schinz FABACEAE Acacia karroo Hayne FABACEAE Argyrolobium collinum Eckl. & Zeyh. FABACEAE Argyrolobium pauciflorum Eckl. & Zeyh. var. pauciflorum FABACEAE Aspalathus acicularis E.Mey. subsp. acicularis FABACEAE Dichilus gracilis Eckl. & Zeyh. FABACEAE Dolichos angustifolius Eckl. & Zeyh. FABACEAE Indigofera alpina Eckl. & Zeyh. FABACEAE Indigofera alternans DC. var. alternans FABACEAE Indigofera disticha Eckl. & Zeyh. FABACEAE Indigofera mauritanica (L.) Thunb. FABACEAE Indigofera procumbens L. FABACEAE Indigofera rhytidocarpa Benth. ex Harv. subsp. rhytidocarpa FABACEAE Indigofera sessilifolia DC. FABACEAE Lebeckia macrantha Harv. FABACEAE Lebeckia spinescens Harv. FABACEAE Lessertia carnosa Eckl. & Zeyh. K FABACEAE Lessertia depressa Harv. FABACEAE Lessertia frutescens (L.) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning FABACEAE Lessertia humilis (E.Phillips & R.A.Dyer) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning FABACEAE Lessertia microphylla (Burch. ex DC.) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning FABACEAE Lotononis caerulescens E.Mey. FABACEAE Lotononis divaricata (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Benth. FABACEAE Lotononis laxa Eckl. & Zeyh. FABACEAE Lotononis pulchella (E.Mey.) B.-E.van Wyk FABACEAE Lotononis pumila Eckl. & Zeyh. FABACEAE Lotononis pungens Eckl. & Zeyh. FABACEAE Medicago laciniata (L.) Mill. var. laciniata FABACEAE Melolobium candicans (E. Mey.) Eckl. & Zeyh. FABACEAE Melolobium microphyllum (L.f.) Eckl. & Zeyh. FABACEAE Melolobium obcordatum Harv. FABACEAE Tephrosia angulata E. Mey. FABACEAE Tephrosia capensis (Jacq.) Pers. FABACEAE Trifolium burchellianum Ser. subsp. burchellianum GENTIANACEAE Chironia jasminoides L. GENTIANACEAE Sebaea elongata E.Mey. GERANIACEAE Geranium harveyi Briq. GERANIACEAE Geranium incanum Burm.f. ISSN 0075-6458 53 Koedoe 45/1 (2002) pond.qxd 2005/12/09 11:34 Page 53 GERANIACEAE Monsonia emarginata (L.f.) L’Her. GERANIACEAE Pelargonium abrotanifolium (L.f.) Jacq. GERANIACEAE Pelargonium alchemilloides (L.) L’Her. GERANIACEAE Pelargonium aridum R.A.Dyer GERANIACEAE Pelargonium cordifolium (Cav.) Curtis GERANIACEAE Pelargonium dichondrifolium DC. GERANIACEAE Pelargonium glutinosum (Jacq.) L’Her. GERANIACEAE Pelargonium grossularioides (L.) L’Her. GERANIACEAE Pelargonium minimum (Cav.) Willd. GERANIACEAE Pelargonium odoratissimum (L.) L’Her. GERANIACEAE Pelargonium quercifolium (L.f.) L’Her. GERANIACEAE Pelargonium ramosissimum (Cav.) Willd. GERANIACEAE Pelargonium reniforme Curtis GERANIACEAE Pelargonium scabrum (L.) L’Her. GERANIACEAE Pelargonium sidoides DC. GERANIACEAE Pelargonium tragacanthoides Burch. GERANIACEAE Pelargonium vitifolium (L.) L’Her. GERANIACEAE Pelargonium zonale (L.) L’Hér. GERANIACEAE Sarcocaulon camdeboense Moffett GRUBBIACEAE Grubbia rosmarinifolia P.J.Bergius subsp. rosmarinifolia HALORAGACEAE Gunnera perpensa L. KIGGELARIACEAE Kiggelaria africana L. LAMIACEAE Ballota africana (L.) Benth. LAMIACEAE Becium burchellianum (Benth.) N.E.Br. LAMIACEAE Leonotis ocymifolia (Burm.f.) Iwarsson var. ocymifolia LAMIACEAE Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds. subsp. capensis (Thunb.) Briq. LAMIACEAE Salvia repens Burch. ex Benth. var. repens LAMIACEAE Salvia stenophylla Burch. ex Benth. LAMIACEAE Salvia verbenaca L. LAMIACEAE Stachys aethiopica L. LAMIACEAE Stachys cymbalaria Briq. LAMIACEAE Stachys dregeana Benth. LAMIACEAE Stachys linearis Burch. ex Benth. LAMIACEAE Stachys rugosa Aiton LAMIACEAE Teucrium africanum Thunb. LINACEAE Linum thunbergii Eckl. & Zeyh. LORANTHACEAE Moquiniella rubra (A.Spreng.) Balle MALVACEAE Abutilon sonneratianum (Cav.) Sweet MALVACEAE Grewia occidentalis L. subsp. occidentalis MALVACEAE Grewia robusta Burch. MALVACEAE Hermannia coccocarpa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze MALVACEAE Hermannia cuneifolia Jacq. var. cuneifolia MALVACEAE Hermannia cuneifolia Jacq. var. glabrescens (Harv.) I.Verd. MALVACEAE Hermannia filifolia L.f. var. filifolia MALVACEAE Hermannia glabrata L.f. MALVACEAE Hermannia linearifolia Harv. MALVACEAE Hermannia vestita Thunb. MALVACEAE Hibiscus aethiopicus L. MALVACEAE Hibiscus pusillus Thunb. MALVACEAE Hibiscus trionum L. MALVACEAE Malva neglecta Wallr. * MALVACEAE Malva parviflora var. parviflora L. * MELIANTHACEAE Melianthus comosus Vahl MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Chasmatophyllum musculinum Haw.) Dinter & Schwantes MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Delosperma brevisepalum L.Bolus var. brevisepalum MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Delosperma congestum L.Bolus Koedoe 45/1 (2002) 54 ISSN 0075-6458 pond.qxd 2005/12/09 11:34 Page 54 MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Delosperma floribundum L.Bolus MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Delosperma frutescens L. Bolus MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Delosperma gramineum L.Bolus MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Delosperma subincanum (Haw.) Schwantes MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Drosanthemum hispidum (L.) Schwantes MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Drosanthemum jamesii L.Bolus MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Eberlanzia cradockensis (Kuntze) Schwantes MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Eberlanzia ferox (L.Bolus) L.Bolus MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Malephora crocea (Jacq.) Schwantes var. crocea MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Mestoklema elatum N.E.Br. ex Glen MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Phyllobolus splendens (L.) Gerbaulet subsp. splendens MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Psilocaulon coriarium (Burch. ex N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Psilocaulon junceum (Haw.) Schwantes MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Psilocaulon liebenbergii L.Bolus MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Ruschia unidens (Haw.) Schwantes MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Ruschia utilis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. giftbergensis L.Bolus MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Trichodiadema barbatum (L.) Schwantes MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Trichodiadema pygmaeum L.Bolus R MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Trichodiadema strumosum (Haw.) L.Bolus MOLLUGINACEAE Hypertelis salsoloides (Burch.) Adamson var. salsoloides MOLLUGINACEAE Limeum aethiopicum Burm. subsp. aethiopicum MOLLUGINACEAE Pharnaceum trigonum Eckl. & Zeyh. MYRSINACEAE Myrsine africana L. MYRSINACEAE Rapanea melanophloeos (L.) Mez NYCTAGINACEAE Boerhavia erecta L. OLEACEAE Olea europaea (L.) subsp. africana (Mill.) P.S.Green OROBANCHACEAE Hyobanche sanguinea L. OXALIDACEAE Oxalis bifurca Sond. var. angustiloba Lodd. OXALIDACEAE Oxalis bifurca Lodd. var. bifurca OXALIDACEAE Oxalis depressa Eckl. & Zeyh. OXALIDACEAE Oxalis stellata Eckl. & Zeyh. var. stellata OXALIDACEAE Oxalis stenopetala T.M.Salter PAPAVERACEAE Argemone ochroleuca Sweet subsp. ochroleuca * PAPAVERACEAE Papaver aculeatum Thunb. PEDALIACEAE Pterodiscus luridus Hook.f. PEDALIACEAE Sesamum capense Burm.f. PENAEACEAE Penaea acutifolia A.Juss. PENAEACEAE Penaea cneorum Meerb. subsp. gigantea R.Dahlgren PLANTAGINACEAE Plantago lanceolata L. * POLYGALACEAE Muraltia macrocarpa Eckl. & Zeyh. POLYGALACEAE Polygala ericaefolia DC. POLYGALACEAE Polygala garcinii DC. POLYGALACEAE Polygala leptophylla Burch. var. leptophylla POLYGALACEAE Polygala uncinata E.Mey. ex Meisn. POLYGALACEAE Polygala virgata Thunb. var. virgata POLYGONACEAE Polygonum aviculare L. * POLYGONACEAE Rumex lanceolatus Thunb. PORTULACACEAE Anacampseros arachnoides (Haw.) Sims RANUNCULACEAE Clematis brachiata Thunb. RANUNCULACEAE Ranunculus multifidus Forssk. RANUNCULACEAE Thalictrum minus L. RHAMNACEAE Rhamnus prinoides L’Her. ROSACEAE Leucosidea sericea Eckl. & Zeyh. RUBIACEAE Anthospermum rigidum Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. rigidum RUBIACEAE Galium capense Thunb. subsp. capense RUBIACEAE Galium tomentosum Thunb. ISSN 0075-6458 55 Koedoe 45/1 (2002) pond.qxd 2005/12/09 11:34 Page 55 RUBIACEAE Nenax microphylla (Sond.) T.M.Salter RUBIACEAE Rubia petiolaris DC. SALICACEAE Populus alba L. var. alba * SALICACEAE Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. capensis (Thunb.) Immelman SANTALACEAE Thesium galioides A.DC. SAPINDACEAE Dodonaea angustifolia L.f. SCROPHULARIACEAE Aptosimum procumbens (Lehm.) Steud. var. elongatum (Hiern) Codd SCROPHULARIACEAE Aptosimum procumbens (Lehm.) Steud. var. procumbens SCROPHULARIACEAE Diascia capsularis Benth. SCROPHULARIACEAE Diascia integerrima Benth. Us SCROPHULARIACEAE Hebenstretia dura Choisy SCROPHULARIACEAE Jamesbrittenia atropurpurea (Benth.) Hilliard SCROPHULARIACEAE Jamesbrittenia aurantiaca (Burch.) Hilliard SCROPHULARIACEAE Jamesbrittenia crassicaulis (Benth.) Hilliard SCROPHULARIACEAE Jamesbrittenia filicaulis (Benth.) Hilliard SCROPHULARIACEAE Jamesbrittenia fruticosa (Benth.) Hilliard SCROPHULARIACEAE Jamesbrittenia pinnatifida (L.f.) Hilliard SCROPHULARIACEAE Jamesbrittenia tysonii (Hiern) Hilliard SCROPHULARIACEAE Limosella grandiflora Benth. SCROPHULARIACEAE Manulea crassifolia Benth. subsp. crassifolia SCROPHULARIACEAE Nemesia affinis Benth. SCROPHULARIACEAE Nemesia albiflora N.E.Br. SCROPHULARIACEAE Nemesia fruticans (Thunb.) Benth. Us SCROPHULARIACEAE Selago albida Choisy SCROPHULARIACEAE Selago corymbosa L. SCROPHULARIACEAE Selago divaricata L.f. SCROPHULARIACEAE Selago dolosa Hilliard SCROPHULARIACEAE Selago geniculata L.f. SCROPHULARIACEAE Selago paniculata Thunb. SCROPHULARIACEAE Selago saxatilis E.Mey. SCROPHULARIACEAE Selago speciosa Rolfe SCROPHULARIACEAE Selago zeyheri Rolfe SCROPHULARIACEAE Sutera halimifolia (Benth.) Kuntze SCROPHULARIACEAE Sutera laxiflora (Benth.) Kuntze SCROPHULARIACEAE Sutera mollis (Benth.) Hiern SCROPHULARIACEAE Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. SOLANACEAE Datura stramonium L. * SOLANACEAE Lycium cinereum Thunb. SOLANACEAE Lycium ferocissimum Miers SOLANACEAE Lycium oxycarpum Dunal SOLANACEAE Lycium prunus-spinosa Dunal SOLANACEAE Lycium schizocalyx C.H.Wright SOLANACEAE Nicotiana glauca Graham * SOLANACEAE Solanum capense L. SOLANACEAE Solanum nigrum L. SOLANACEAE Solanum retroflexum Dunal SOLANACEAE Solanum tomentosum L. SOLANACEAE Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal THYMELAEACEAE Gnidia microphylla Meisn. THYMELAEACEAE Gnidia polycephala (C.A.Mey.) Gilg THYMELAEACEAE Passerina obtusifolia Thoday URTICACEAE Urtica dioica L. * URTICACEAE Urtica urens L. * VERBENACEAE Chascanum pinnatifidum (L.f.) E.Mey var. pinnatifidum. VERBENACEAE Lantana rugosa Thunb. VERBENACEAE Lippia javanica (Burm.f.) Spreng. Koedoe 45/1 (2002) 56 ISSN 0075-6458 pond.qxd 2005/12/09 11:34 Page 56 VERBENACEAE Verbena tenuisecta Briq. * VISCACEAE Viscum continuum E.Mey. ex Sprague VISCACEAE Viscum rotundifolium L.f. VITACEAE Cyphostemma quinatum (Dryand.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm. VITACEAE Rhoicissus tridentata (L.f.) Wild & R.B.Drumm. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Tribulus terrestris L. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Zygophyllum incrustatum E.Mey. ex Sond. Complete list Selective list Total species: 680 Total species: 479 Total genera: 333 Total genera: 227 Total families: 87 Total families: 62 Total red data species: 13 Total red data species: 8 ISSN 0075-6458 57 Koedoe 45/1 (2002) pond.qxd 2005/12/09 11:34 Page 57 Koedoe 45/1 (2002) 58 ISSN 0075-6458 pond.qxd 2005/12/09 11:34 Page 58 << /ASCII85EncodePages false /AllowTransparency false /AutoPositionEPSFiles true /AutoRotatePages /None /Binding /Left /CalGrayProfile (Dot Gain 20%) /CalRGBProfile (sRGB IEC61966-2.1) /CalCMYKProfile (U.S. Web Coated \050SWOP\051 v2) /sRGBProfile (sRGB IEC61966-2.1) /CannotEmbedFontPolicy /Error /CompatibilityLevel 1.4 /CompressObjects /Tags /CompressPages true /ConvertImagesToIndexed true /PassThroughJPEGImages true /CreateJDFFile false /CreateJobTicket false /DefaultRenderingIntent /Default /DetectBlends true /ColorConversionStrategy /LeaveColorUnchanged /DoThumbnails false /EmbedAllFonts true /EmbedJobOptions true /DSCReportingLevel 0 /EmitDSCWarnings false /EndPage -1 /ImageMemory 1048576 /LockDistillerParams false /MaxSubsetPct 100 /Optimize true /OPM 1 /ParseDSCComments true /ParseDSCCommentsForDocInfo true /PreserveCopyPage true /PreserveEPSInfo true /PreserveHalftoneInfo false /PreserveOPIComments false /PreserveOverprintSettings true /StartPage 1 /SubsetFonts true /TransferFunctionInfo /Apply /UCRandBGInfo /Preserve /UsePrologue false /ColorSettingsFile () /AlwaysEmbed [ true ] /NeverEmbed [ true ] /AntiAliasColorImages false /DownsampleColorImages true /ColorImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /ColorImageResolution 300 /ColorImageDepth -1 /ColorImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeColorImages true /ColorImageFilter /DCTEncode /AutoFilterColorImages true /ColorImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG /ColorACSImageDict << /QFactor 0.15 /HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1] >> /ColorImageDict << /QFactor 0.15 /HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1] >> /JPEG2000ColorACSImageDict << /TileWidth 256 /TileHeight 256 /Quality 30 >> /JPEG2000ColorImageDict << /TileWidth 256 /TileHeight 256 /Quality 30 >> /AntiAliasGrayImages false /DownsampleGrayImages true /GrayImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /GrayImageResolution 300 /GrayImageDepth -1 /GrayImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeGrayImages true /GrayImageFilter /DCTEncode /AutoFilterGrayImages true /GrayImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG /GrayACSImageDict << /QFactor 0.15 /HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1] >> /GrayImageDict << /QFactor 0.15 /HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1] >> /JPEG2000GrayACSImageDict << /TileWidth 256 /TileHeight 256 /Quality 30 >> /JPEG2000GrayImageDict << /TileWidth 256 /TileHeight 256 /Quality 30 >> /AntiAliasMonoImages false /DownsampleMonoImages true /MonoImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /MonoImageResolution 1200 /MonoImageDepth -1 /MonoImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeMonoImages true /MonoImageFilter /CCITTFaxEncode /MonoImageDict << /K -1 >> /AllowPSXObjects false /PDFX1aCheck false /PDFX3Check false /PDFXCompliantPDFOnly false /PDFXNoTrimBoxError true /PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXSetBleedBoxToMediaBox true /PDFXBleedBoxToTrimBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfile () /PDFXOutputCondition () /PDFXRegistryName (http://www.color.org) /PDFXTrapped /Unknown /Description << /ENU (Use these settings to create PDF documents with higher image resolution for high quality pre-press printing. 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