        item: #1 of 48
          id: cord-009476-4emc4o6n
      author: Madani, Tariq A
       title: Case definition and management of patients with MERS coronavirus in Saudi Arabia
        date: 2014-09-22
       words: 1014
      flesch: 20
     summary: More eff ective and wider partnerships based on equity and best ethical practice, across governments, health care, academia, industry, and with the public, are essential to eff ectively galvanise economic, political and scientifi c measures required to develop core capacities, including legislation, national focal points, and pandemic planning to reduce risk of global spread and reduce the burden of respiratory tract infectious diseases. 15 An important priority for control of infectious disease is to ensure that scientifi c and technological advances in molecular diagnostics and bioinformatics are well integrated into public health.
    keywords: case; cov; health; mers
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        item: #2 of 48
          id: cord-011468-1ienwzy8
      author: Durrheim, David N
       title: When does a major outbreak become a Public Health Emergency of International Concern?
        date: 2020-05-19
       words: 953
      flesch: 42
     summary: The Democratic Republic of the Congo, now experiencing the second largest Ebola outbreak in recorded history, notified WHO of the outbreak on Aug 1, 2018, but WHO required four Emergency Committee meetings, including on Oct 17, 2018 (216 confirmed cases, 139 deaths, and 64% case fatality ratio), and April 12 and June 14, 2019 (four confirmed cases in Uganda). A PHEIC was finally declared at the fourth Emergency Committee meeting on July 17, 2019 (2501 cases and 1668 deaths), almost a year after initial notification.
    keywords: emergency; health; pheic
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        item: #3 of 48
          id: cord-254478-scc9wee0
      author: To, Kelvin Kai-Wang
       title: Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2: an observational cohort study
        date: 2020-03-23
       words: 5195
      flesch: 46
     summary: A patient's reluctance to provide a sample can account for the paucity of timepoints in viral load studies of respiratory virus infections. Older age was correlated with higher viral load (Spearman's ρ=0·48, 95% CI 0·074–0·75; p=0·020).
    keywords: antibody; coronavirus; cov-2; load; onset; patients; saliva; samples; sars; specimens; study; symptom
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        item: #4 of 48
          id: cord-261133-m00gcci4
      author: Eccles, Ron
       title: Understanding the symptoms of the common cold and influenza
        date: 2005-10-25
       words: 5306
      flesch: 42
     summary: In a study of common cold symptoms induced by challenge with infected nasal secretions, URTI symptoms were classified as either early or later symptoms. The common cold as a clinical entity Signs and symptoms in common colds Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of the common cold The host response, not the virus, causes the symptoms of the common cold: comment Histopathologic examination and enumeration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the nasal mucosa during experimental rhinovirus colds Science review: key inflammatory and stress pathways in critical illness-the central role of the Toll-like receptors Infection-induced anorexia: active host defence strategy Pathophysiology of nasal symptoms Search strategy and selection criteria Data for this review were identified by searches of PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and references from relevant articles; articles were also identified through searches of the files of the author.
    keywords: airway; cold; cough; cytokines; fever; infection; nasal; response; symptoms; urtis
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        item: #5 of 48
          id: cord-261533-73721b24
      author: Mok, Chris Ka Pun
       title: T-cell responses to MERS coronavirus infection in people with occupational exposure to dromedary camels in Nigeria: an observational cohort study
        date: 2020-10-06
       words: 4834
      flesch: 45
     summary: Our findings suggest that the incidence of MERS infections taking place in Africa is underestimated. key: cord-261533-73721b24 authors: Mok, Chris Ka Pun; Zhu, Airu; Zhao, Jingxian; Lau, Eric H Y; Wang, Junxiang; Chen, Zhao; Zhuang, Zhen; Wang, Yanqun; Alshukairi, Abeer N; Baharoon, Salim A; Wang, Wenling; Tan, Wenjie; Liang, Weiwen; Oladipo, Jamiu O; Perera, Ranawaka A P M; Kuranga, Sulyman A; Peiris, Malik; Zhao, Jincun title: T-cell responses to MERS coronavirus infection in people with occupational exposure to dromedary camels in Nigeria: an observational cohort study date: 2020-10-06 journal: Lancet Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30599-5 sha: doc_id: 261533 cord_uid: 73721b24 BACKGROUND:
    keywords: abattoir; cell; cov; dromedary; exposure; mers; responses; workers
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        item: #6 of 48
          id: cord-265769-96p07nyz
      author: Perlman, Stanley
       title: MERS-CoV in Africa—an enigma with relevance to COVID-19
        date: 2020-10-06
       words: 1064
      flesch: 36
     summary: Thus, zoonotic MERS-CoV infections of dromedary-exposed individuals are probably taking place in Nigeria, and, by extrapolation, the incidence of human MERS infections in all regions of Africa with dromedaries has probably been underestimated. World Health Organization From easing lockdowns to scaling-up community-based COVID-19 screening, testing, and contact tracing in Africa-shared approaches, innovations, and challenges to minimize morbidity and mortality Enzootic patterns of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in imported African and local Arabian dromedary camels: a prospective genomic study MERS-CoV in camels but not camel handlers T-cell responses to MERS coronavirus infection in people with occupational exposure to dromedary camels in Nigeria: an observational cohort study Recovery from the Middle East respiratory syndrome is associated with antibody and T-cell responses Targets of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in humans with COVID-19 disease and unexposed individuals Confronting the persisting threat of the Middle East respiratory syndrome to global health security We have a special interest in coronaviruses and infectious diseases with epidemic potential.
    keywords: africa; cov; mers
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        item: #7 of 48
          id: cord-267436-mivxm8oh
      author: Groneberg, David A
       title: Treatment and vaccines for severe acute respiratory syndrome
        date: 2005-03-10
       words: 5918
      flesch: 36
     summary: The broad-spectrum antiviral ribonucleoside ribavirin is an RNA virus mutagen A cluster of cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong A major outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong Clinical progression and viral load in a community outbreak of coronavirus-associated SARS pneumonia: a prospective study Description and clinical treatment of an early outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Guangzhou, PR China Severe acute respiratory syndromerelated coronavirus is inhibited by interferon-alpha Glycyrrhizin, an active component of liquorice roots, and replication of SARS-associated coronavirus Severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus in lung tissue Common adverse events associated with the use of ribavirin for severe acute respiratory syndrome in Canada Role of lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of SARS: initial virological and clinical findings Treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome with lopinavir/ritonavir: a multicentre retrospective matched cohort study HIV protease inhibitor nelfinavir inhibits replication of SARS-associated coronavirus Inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARSCoV) by calpain inhibitors and beta-D-N4-hydroxycytidine Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus Novel peptide inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 Substrate-based design of the first class of angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase (ACE2) inhibitors Potent neutralization of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus by a human mAb to S1 protein that blocks receptor association Interaction between heptad repeat 1 and 2 regions in spike protein of SARS-associated coronavirus: implications for virus fusogenic mechanism and identification of fusion inhibitors Cloaked similarity between HIV-1 and SARS-CoV suggests an anti-SARS strategy Inhibiting severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus by small interfering RNA Modulation of HIV-1 replication by RNA interference Interference of hepatitis C virus RNA replication by short interfering RNAs Short interfering RNA-directed inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication Silencing SARS-CoV spike protein expression in cultured cells by RNA interference Inhibition of SARS-associated coronavirus infection and replication by RNA interference Effect of glycyrrhizin, an active component of licorice roots, on HIV replication in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-seropositive patients Long-term treatment of chronic hepatitis C with glycyrrhizin [stronger neo-minophagen C (SNMC)] for preventing liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma Lamivudine and glycyrrhizin for treatment of chemotherapy-induced hepatitis B virus (HBV) hepatitis in a chronic HBV carrier with non-Hodgkin lymphoma Induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase and proinflammatory cytokines expression by o,pЈ-DDT in macrophages Inhibition of SARS-CoV infection in vitro by S-nitroso-Nacetylpenicillamine, a nitric oxide donor compound Role of nitric oxide in allergic inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness Role of nitric oxide in chronic allergen-induced airway cell proliferation and inflammation Inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication by niclosamide Small molecules targeting severe acute respiratory syndrome human coronavirus Pro/con clinical debate: steroids are a key component in the treatment of SARS Lung pathology of fatal severe acute respiratory syndrome Clinical features and short-term outcomes of 144 patients with SARS in the greater Toronto area Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Singapore: clinical features of index patient and initial contacts High-dose pulse versus nonpulse corticosteroid regimens in severe acute respiratory syndrome Fatal aspergillosis in a patient with SARS who was treated with corticosteroids SARS: prognosis, outcome and sequelae Avascular necrosis of bone in severe acute respiratory syndrome Role of interferons in the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome Inhibition of SARS coronavirus infection in vitro with clinically approved antiviral drugs Interferon-beta 1a and SARS coronavirus replication Interferon alfacon-1 plus corticosteroids in severe acute respiratory syndrome: a preliminary study Pegylated interferon-alpha protects type 1 pneumocytes against SARS coronavirus infection in macaques How the SARS vaccine effort can learn from HIVspeeding towards the future, learning from the past Treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome with convalescent plasma Prior infection and passive transfer of neutralizing antibody prevent replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the respiratory tract of mice An efficient method to make human monoclonal antibodies from memory B cells: potent neutralization of SARS coronavirus Human monoclonal antibody as prophylaxis for SARS coronavirus infection in ferrets Caution urged on SARS vaccines A review of feline infectious peritonitis virus: molecular biology, immunopathogenesis, clinical aspects, and vaccination Effects of a SARS-associated coronavirus vaccine in monkeys Mucosal immunisation of African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) with an attenuated parainfluenza virus expressing the SARS coronavirus spike protein for the prevention of SARS Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein expressed by attenuated vaccinia virus protectively immunizes mice Nucleic acid vaccines: an overview A DNA vaccine induces SARS coronavirus neutralization and protective immunity in mice Generation and characterization of DNA vaccines targeting the nucleocapsid protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Induction of SARS-nucleoproteinspecific immune response by use of DNA vaccine SARS-one year later Seasonality of infectious diseases and severe acute respiratory syndrome-what we don't know can hurt us Clinical trials and novel pathogens: lessons learned from SARS Preparing to prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome and other respiratory infections Collateral damage: the unforeseen effects of emergency outbreak policies Support from the Deutsche Atemwegsliga and the German Research Foundation (DFG GR2014/2-1) to DAG is gratefully acknowledged. 13, 14 Evidence suggests that SARS coronavirus originated from SARS-like viruses in animals in the southern Chinese province of Guangdong; the most frequently implicated animal is the Himalayan palm civet, an animal found in food markets and eaten as a delicacy.
    keywords: coronavirus; outbreak; protein; replication; ribavirin; sars; severe; spike; steroids; syndrome; treatment; vaccines
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        item: #8 of 48
          id: cord-267476-j59tm40d
      author: Yong, Sarah Ee Fang
       title: Connecting clusters of COVID-19: an epidemiological and serological investigation
        date: 2020-04-21
       words: 3569
      flesch: 44
     summary: We have highlighted the importance of serological testing for epidemiological investigation of COVID-19 cases, and we urge further development of serological testing capabilities. We present findings of investigations from Jan 29 to Feb 24, 2020, that linked two people with COVID-19 from Wuhan, China, to three clusters of COVID-19 cases in Singapore.
    keywords: cases; church; clusters; cov-2; covid-19; sars; singapore; testing
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        item: #9 of 48
          id: cord-268074-9mact9br
      author: Bi, Qifang
       title: Epidemiology and transmission of COVID-19 in 391 cases and 1286 of their close contacts in Shenzhen, China: a retrospective cohort study
        date: 2020-04-27
       words: 5311
      flesch: 47
     summary: We characterise differences in demographics and severity between cases identified through symptom-based surveillance and monitoring of close case contacts, and estimate the time to key events, such as confirmation, isolation, and recovery. Estimates of the distribution of time between symptom onset and case isolation by surveillance type reveal that heightened surveillance combined with case isolation could plausibly account for these low rates of transmission.
    keywords: cases; contacts; days; onset; surveillance; symptom; time
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        item: #10 of 48
          id: cord-269264-ebqq8x8a
      author: Winter, Amy K
       title: The important role of serology for COVID-19 control
        date: 2020-04-21
       words: 842
      flesch: 25
     summary: Beyond the immediate use of serological data to identify and contain cases, these data can also be used to set control policies. By providing estimates of who is and is not immune to SARSCoV2, serological data can be used in at least four ways.
    keywords: cases; clusters; covid19
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        item: #11 of 48
          id: cord-269838-1943g1ha
      author: Haffizulla, Jason
       title: Effect of nitazoxanide in adults and adolescents with acute uncomplicated influenza: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2b/3 trial
        date: 2014-05-19
       words: 5943
      flesch: 45
     summary: Naso pharyngeal swabs at baseline and on day 7 were cultured for infl uenza viruses and analysed by RT-PCR with the ProdesseProfl u+ (Gen-Probe Prodesse, Waukesha, WI, USA) for infl uenza A and B and the Luminex xTag RVP v1 assay (Luminex Corporation, Austin, TX, USA) to detect infl uenza A (non-specifi c for subtype), infl uenza A subtypes seasonal H1 and H3, infl uenza B, respiratory syncytial virus A, respiratory syncytial virus B, adenovirus, human meta-pneumovirus, enterovirus or rhinovirus, parainfl uenza viruses 1, 2, 3, and 4, and coronaviruses 229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1. In the USA, seasonal infl uenza aff ects-on average-5-20% of the population per year leading to roughly 200 000 hospital admissions and 3000-49 000 deaths.
    keywords: group; infl; nitazoxanide; participants; placebo; study; symptoms; treatment; uenza
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        item: #12 of 48
          id: cord-270602-599vweqe
      author: Donia, Marwa
       title: Marine natural products and their potential applications as anti-infective agents
        date: 2003-05-22
       words: 5970
      flesch: 32
     summary: key: cord-270602-599vweqe authors: Donia, Marwa; Hamann, Mark T title: Marine natural products and their potential applications as anti-infective agents date: 2003-05-22 journal: Lancet Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(03)00655-8 sha: doc_id: 270602 cord_uid: 599vweqe The oceans are a unique resource that provide a diverse array of natural products, primarily from invertebrates such as sponges, tunicates, bryozoans, and molluscs, and from marine bacteria and cyanobacteria. Furthermore, there are some excellent general and extensive reviews focusing on marine natural products, such as those by Capon, 12 Newman and colleagues, 13 and Faulkner.
    keywords: activity; agents; antifungal; antiviral; clinical; diseases; drug; effects; leads; manzamine; marine; mic; products; sponge
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        item: #13 of 48
          id: cord-272135-a09bf50o
      author: Brouqui, Philippe
       title: Infection control in the management of highly pathogenic infectious diseases: consensus of the European Network of Infectious Disease
        date: 2009-04-22
       words: 6631
      flesch: 39
     summary: The examination should be kept as short as possible to answer the clinical questions • For HLIU-admitted patients, bedside radiography should be provided to avoid transport of patients; radiographic equipment should then be kept in the HLIU • Radiographs should be interpreted only by a designated radiologist who is aware of infection-control procedures, and by use of a picture-archiving and communication system, if available 84 • For ultrasound scanning, a sonographic scanner should be designated as a portable radiograph to be used only for HID patients • For CT or MRI, we strongly recommend that the department appoints a staff member to monitor and ensure that all department staff fully comply with the infection-control measures according to the guidelines • Designated sessions or hours, either out of offi ce hours or at the end of a session, should be assigned for such patients • Treat HID patients who require dialysis at their bedside with either peritoneal dialysis or haemodialysis • Designate dedicated haemodialysis machines • Decontaminate dialysate as infectious waste Post-mortem examination • Risks and benefi ts must be carefully considered • Limited autopsy or post-mortem collection of blood and percutaneous biopsy are preferred • The topics selected were as follows: patient's criteria for admission to the HLIU, admission to the emergency department, safe sampling for laboratory investigation, isolation of suspected HID patient in HLIU, intensive-care management of HID patients, HID in paediatric patients, practice of invasive procedures such as bronchoscopy and gastroscopy, radio imaging, renal dialysis, and post-mortem examination of HID patients.
    keywords: care; control; health; hid; hliu; infection; isolation; laboratory; patients; respiratory; risk; sars; syndrome; transmission
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        item: #14 of 48
          id: cord-272274-p3oulo34
      author: Teboh-Ewungkem, Miranda I
       title: COVID-19 in malaria-endemic regions: potential consequences for malaria intervention coverage, morbidity, and mortality
        date: 2020-09-21
       words: 1075
      flesch: 27
     summary: Given that this deceleration could be compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic, there is an urgent need to quantify and analyse the potential impact of the pandemic on malaria control and intervention strategies. In The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Daniel Weiss and colleagues 12 quantified the indirect effects of COVID-19 on the distribution of ITNs and on access to effective antimalarial drugs-two key components of malaria control in Africa.
    keywords: control; covid-19; malaria
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        item: #15 of 48
          id: cord-273910-fna7s9te
      author: Bochud, Pierre-Yves
       title: Innate immunogenetics: a tool for exploring new frontiers of host defence
        date: 2007-07-20
       words: 7069
      flesch: 27
     summary: Similarly, polymorphism of cytokines and cytokine receptor genes, which are key eff ector molecules, have also been associated with altered susceptibility to invasive pathogens. The development of the Human Genome Project in 1990 propelled the scientifi c community into a new era, allowing genetic mapping and the development of large-scale gene identifi cation that has greatly facilitated the study of gene polymorphisms.
    keywords: association; diff; disease; domain; gene; host; human; infection; infl; innate; mutations; polymorphisms; proteins; receptor; specifi; studies; susceptibility; tlrs; toll
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        item: #16 of 48
          id: cord-275521-dlp055z8
      author: Goldman, Emanuel
       title: Exaggerated risk of transmission of COVID-19 by fomites
        date: 2020-07-03
       words: 738
      flesch: 44
     summary: I declare no competing interests. Professor of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School -Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA Stability and inactivation of SARS coronavirus Stability of SARS coronavirus in human specimens and environment and its sensitivity to heating and UV irradiation Aerosol and surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 as compared with SARS-CoV-1 Human coronavirus 229E remains infectious on common touch surface materials Measurements of airborne influenza virus in aerosol particles from human coughs Survival of human coronaviruses 229E and OC43 in suspension and after drying on surfaces: a possible source of hospital-acquired infections Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus on hospital surfaces Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and their inactivation with biocidal agents key: cord-275521-dlp055z8 authors: Goldman, Emanuel title: Exaggerated risk of transmission of COVID-19 by fomites date: 2020-07-03 journal: Lancet Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30561-2 sha: doc_id: 275521 cord_uid: dlp055z8 nan A clinically significant risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission by fomites (inanimate surfaces or objects) has been assumed on the basis of studies that have little resemblance to real-life scenarios.
    keywords: surfaces; virus
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        item: #17 of 48
          id: cord-277342-40d24mvm
      author: Chen, Yu
       title: SARS-CoV-2: virus dynamics and host response
        date: 2020-03-23
       words: 804
      flesch: 44
     summary: For example, immunocompromised patients might have higher viral load, prolonged viral shedding, and impaired antibody response. Viral load was also shown to correlate with age.
    keywords: cov-2; patients; sars
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        item: #18 of 48
          id: cord-278256-dmrtsxik
      author: Qiu, Haiyan
       title: Clinical and epidemiological features of 36 children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Zhejiang, China: an observational cohort study
        date: 2020-03-25
       words: 3460
      flesch: 47
     summary: Fewer children with COVID-19 had obvious symptoms compared with adult patients with COVID-19 and paediatric patients with H1N1 influenza described in previous studies. The comparison of paediatric patients with COVID-19 with adult patients with COVID-19 in the same city (table 3) showed that paediatric patients had a significantly lower prevalence of abnormal values of several variables indicating disease severity, such as fever (36% for children and 86% for adults), cough (19% and 62%), pneumonia (53% and 95%), elevated C-reactive protein (3% and 49%), and severe disease type (0% and 23%; p<0·0001 for all features).
    keywords: children; coronavirus; covid-19; fever; patients; pneumonia; sars
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        item: #19 of 48
          id: cord-279001-l5ogbl5p
      author: Wilder-Smith, Annelies
       title: Can we contain the COVID-19 outbreak with the same measures as for SARS?
        date: 2020-03-05
       words: 4388
      flesch: 47
     summary: Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel humanpathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan ACE2 receptor expression and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection depend on differentiation of human airway epithelia A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirusinfected pneumonia Transmission dynamics and control of severe acute respiratory syndrome Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States Time course of lung changes on chest CT during recovery from 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID19) pneumonia Isolation, quarantine, social distancing and community containment: pivotal role for oldstyle public health measures in the novel coronavirus (2019nCoV) outbreak Battling 21stcentury scourges with a 14thcentury toolbox Viral shedding patterns of coronavirus in patients with probable severe acute respiratory syndrome Predicting super spreading events during the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemics in Hong Kong and Singapore Modelling strategies for controlling SARS outbreaks Household transmission of SARS Epidemiology and control of SARS in Singapore Hospitalized patients with bacterial infections: a potential focus of SARS transmission during an outbreak Public health and ethical considerations in planning for quarantine Public health measures to control the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome during the outbreak in Toronto SARS: public health measures in Hong Kong Controlling SARS: a review on China's response compared with other SARSaffected countries The impact of public health control measures during the SARS epidemic in mainland China A tale of two cities: community psychobehavioral surveillance and related impact on outbreak control in Hong Kong and Singapore during the severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic The epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome in the 2003 Hong Kong epidemic: an analysis of all 1755 patients SARS in healthcare facilities SARS in Singapore-key lessons from an epidemic Experience of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Singapore: importation of cases, and defense strategies at the airport The severe acute respiratory syndrome: impact on travel and tourism SARS to novel coronavirus-old lessons and new lessons A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern China's response to a novel coronavirus stands in stark contrast to the 2002 SARS outbreak response Travelers give wings to novel coronavirus (2019nCoV) Potential for global spread of a novel coronavirus from China Pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China: potential for international spread via commercial air travel Asymptomatic SARS coronavirus infection among healthcare workers Transmission of 2019nCoV infection from an asymptomatic contact in Germany Importation and humantohuman transmission of a novel coronavirus in Vietnam Effectiveness of airport screening at detecting travellers infected with novel coronavirus The reproductive number of COVID19 is higher compared to SARS coronavirus COVID19 outbreak on the Diamond Princess cruise ship: estimating the epidemic potential and effectiveness of public health countermeasures The Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology Team. To accommodate the large number of patients with SARS (both probable and suspect), Beijing rapidly constructed the 1000bed Xiaotangshan hospital within a week, which admitted a seventh of SARS patients in the country within 2 months.
    keywords: china; community; covid19; measures; outbreak; patients; quarantine; sars; transmission
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        item: #20 of 48
          id: cord-279557-hk77e3pp
      author: Drosten, Christian
       title: Clinical features and virological analysis of a case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection
        date: 2013-06-17
       words: 4220
      flesch: 51
     summary: The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an emerging virus involved in cases and case clusters of severe acute respiratory infection in the Arabian Peninsula, Tunisia, Morocco, France, Italy, Germany, and the UK. We report data for a patient who was admitted to the Klinikum Schwabing (Munich, Germany) for severe acute respiratory infection.
    keywords: coronavirus; cov; data; day; infection; mers; patient; respiratory; samples; virus
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        item: #21 of 48
          id: cord-279765-sb1ifyfx
      author: Isakova-Sivak, Irina
       title: A promising inactivated whole-virion SARS-CoV-2 vaccine
        date: 2020-10-15
       words: 1089
      flesch: 28
     summary: As has been shown for other inactivated vaccines, improper inactivation processes can alter the antigenic properties of epitopes, resulting in the induction of non-neutralising antibodies, which can lead to the disease enhancement rather than protection. It is generally accepted that only vaccines can halt the spread of the pandemic virus; thus, several groups have already published interim results of phase 1/2 clinical trials of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines generated on various vaccine platforms.
    keywords: sars; vaccine; years
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        item: #22 of 48
          id: cord-281529-2rec51xg
      author: Haagmans, Bart L
       title: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in dromedary camels: an outbreak investigation
        date: 2013-12-17
       words: 4037
      flesch: 51
     summary: Global Alert and Response (GAR): novel coronavirus infection-update Ecology, evolution and classifi cation of bat coronaviruses in the aftermath of SARS Close relative of human Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in bat Human betacoronavirus 2c EMC/2012-related viruses in bats, Ghana and Europe Genetic characterization of betacoronavirus lineage C viruses in bats revealed marked sequence divergence in the spike protein of pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKU5 in Japanese pipistrelle: implications on the origin of the novel Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Human coronavirus EMC does not require the SARS-coronavirus receptor and maintains broad replicative capability in mammalian cell lines Transmission and evolution of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in Saudi Arabia: a descriptive genomic study Clinical features and virological analysis of a case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection Transmission scenarios for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and how to tell them apart Recovery from severe novel coronavirus infection Family cluster of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus neutralising serum antibodies in dromedary camels: a comparative serological study Seroepidemiology for MERS coronavirus using microneutralisation and pseudoparticle virus neutralisation assays reveal a high prevalence of antibody in dromedary camels in Egypt Alert and Response (GAR): novel coronavirus infection-update Alert and Response (GAR): novel coronavirus infection-update Detection of a novel human coronavirus by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction Assays for laboratory confi rmation of novel human coronavirus (hCoV-EMC) infections SeaView version 4: a multiplatform graphical user interface for sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree building Specifi c serology for emerging human coronaviruses by protein microarray Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in bats, Saudi Arabia MERS coronavirus: data gaps for laboratory preparedness We thank WHO and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations for their generous help in organisation of the study, Theo Bestebroer for providing Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus specifi c primer sets, Berend Jan Bosch for providing antigens for the microarray, and Jeroen Cremer for technical support. Viral sequences from the two human cases were isolated (with the same techniques as for camel cases) in the Reference Department, Public Health England, London, UK.
    keywords: camels; cases; coronavirus; cov; data; farm; human; infection; mers; pcr; samples
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        item: #23 of 48
          id: cord-282530-55lhjfm8
      author: Carsana, Luca
       title: Pulmonary post-mortem findings in a series of COVID-19 cases from northern Italy: a two-centre descriptive study
        date: 2020-06-08
       words: 3436
      flesch: 34
     summary: The predominant pattern of lung lesions in patients with COVID-19 patients is diffuse alveolar damage, as described in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronaviruses. Baseline characteristics and outcomes of 1591 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy region Overlapping and discrete aspects of the pathology and pathogenesis of the emerging human pathogenic coronaviruses SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and 2019-nCoV Pulmonary pathology of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Toronto Histopathology of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection-clinicopathological and ultrastructural study Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China COVID-19 autopsies Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome Histopathologic changes and SARS-CoV-2 immunostaining in the lung of a patient with COVID-19 Pulmonary pathology of early-phase 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia in two patients with lung cancer Management of the corpse with suspect, probable or confirmed COVID-19 respiratory infection-Italian interim recommendations for personnel potentially exposed to material from corpses, including body fluids, in morgue structures and during autopsy practice Lung pathology of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): a study of 8 autopsy cases from Singapore Megakaryocytes and platelet homeostasis in diffuse alveolar damage The intracellular sites of early replication and budding of SARS-coronavirus Immunohistochemical, in situ hybridization, and ultrastructural localization of SARS-associated coronavirus in lung of a fatal case of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Taiwan Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19 Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy Anticoagulant therapy in acute respiratory distress syndrome Thromboembolic risk and anticoagulant therapy in COVID-19 patients: emerging evidence and call for action SARScoronavirus-2 replication in Vero E6 cells: replication kinetics, rapid adaptation and cytopathology
    keywords: cases; covid-19; damage; diffuse; features; lung; patients; sars
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        item: #24 of 48
          id: cord-288807-sw6teq1n
      author: Cook, Marion
       title: Potential factors linked to high COVID-19 death rates in British minority ethnic groups
        date: 2020-07-17
       words: 193
      flesch: 59
     summary: 5 *Predicted COVID-19 fatalities based on geography and demographics and actual hospital deaths, relative to white British, by ethnic group. COVID-19 fatalities and prevalence of haemolytic disorders and anaemia among UK ethnic groups Mapping the presence of sickle cell and beta-thalassaemia in England: estimating and validating ethnic-specific rates European Association for the Study of the Liver.
    keywords: ethnic
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        item: #25 of 48
          id: cord-288867-iicfe7il
      author: Bauch, Chris T
       title: COVID-19: when should quarantine be enforced?
        date: 2020-05-20
       words: 926
      flesch: 44
     summary: And even if contact tracing fails to contain an outbreak, the combined effect of physical distancing and contact tracing is greater than the effect of either intervention on its own. Contact tracing represents a race to trace.
    keywords: contacts; covid-19; quarantine
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        item: #26 of 48
          id: cord-289744-suiqh3gv
      author: Lafolie, Jérémy
       title: Assessment of blood enterovirus PCR testing in paediatric populations with fever without source, sepsis-like disease, or suspected meningitis: a prospective, multicentre, observational cohort study
        date: 2018-10-30
       words: 4728
      flesch: 42
     summary: 27, 28 Accordingly, the concentrations of circulating mono nuclear cells at different ages and the ability of entero virus genotypes to replicate in these cells can affect the sensitivity of blood enterovirus detection. This finding substantiates those of previous single-centre studies [7] [8] [9] and lends support to use of blood enterovirus testing as a diagnostic adjunct to rapidly identify newborn babies and infants admitted with fever without source, sepsislike disease, or suspected meningitis whose antibiotic treatment can be discontinued and who are eligible for discharge.
    keywords: blood; csf; enterovirus; infants; meningitis; patients; pcr; samples; sepsis; study
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        item: #27 of 48
          id: cord-291821-ovfqfurf
      author: Memish, Ziad A
       title: Emergence of medicine for mass gatherings: lessons from the Hajj
        date: 2011-12-19
       words: 6622
      flesch: 54
     summary: The ruling empires focused on health issues and justifi ed inspections of Hajj sites for compliance with contemporary public health directives, often focusing on quarantine as a means of protection at a time when many international arrivals, including maritime travellers, were reaching Mecca. Pilgrims who are not well are provided transport by the Ministry of Health ambulance to Hajj sites as needed so they can complete their pilgrimage.
    keywords: arabia; cholera; disease; hajj; health; international; mecca; medicine; mgs; people; pilgrimage; pilgrims; saudi; security; time; travel; world
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        item: #28 of 48
          id: cord-292749-f15h3315
      author: Azman, Andrew S
       title: From China: hope and lessons for COVID-19 control
        date: 2020-04-03
       words: 709
      flesch: 46
     summary: CDC deletes coronavirus testing numbers from website. Although this study has a number of limitations, it illustrates the power of rapid openly available data for providing important insights to guide complex policy decisions in the coming months.
    keywords: china; data; transmission
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        item: #29 of 48
          id: cord-293540-45awgabp
      author: Drancourt, Michel
       title: Point-of-care testing for community-acquired pneumonia
        date: 2013-07-23
       words: 1698
      flesch: 43
     summary: However, it should be noted that not all pathogens that can cause community-acquired pneumonia can be detected by POC tests, and molecular tests for Staphylococus aureus have not been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or the European Conformity (CE). These samples can be used for the entire panel of POC tests.
    keywords: pneumonia; poc; sex; tests; uenza
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        item: #30 of 48
          id: cord-296573-4c9gch5b
      author: To, Kelvin KW
       title: The emergence of influenza A H7N9 in human beings 16 years after influenza A H5N1: a tale of two cities
        date: 2013-08-19
       words: 7387
      flesch: 47
     summary: A H7N9 viruses causing human infection: phylogenetic, structural, and coalescent analyses Evolutionary characteristics of A/Hangzhou/1/2013 and source of avian infl uenza virus H7N9 subtype in China Genetic characterization of H7N2 infl uenza virus isolated from pigs Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China Environmental connections of novel avianorigin H7N9 infl uenza virus infection and virus adaptation to the human Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-like virus in Chinese horseshoe bats No H7N9 virus found in poultry farms: MOA Characterization of avian H5N1 infl uenza viruses from poultry in Hong Kong Avian infl uenza. On the basis of available sequences in the public domain, the 2013 H7N9 virus is also a reassortant of avian infl uenza viruses consisting of haemagglutinin and neuraminidase most closely related to H7N3 viruses isolated from ducks in Zhejiang and H7N9 viruses from wild birds in Korea, respectively.
    keywords: avian; china; h5n1; h7n9; hong; human; infection; infl; kong; outbreak; patients; poultry; transmission; uenza; virus; viruses
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        item: #31 of 48
          id: cord-303272-1w8epdht
      author: Reusken, Chantal BEM
       title: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus neutralising serum antibodies in dromedary camels: a comparative serological study
        date: 2013-08-09
       words: 4493
      flesch: 49
     summary: Cattle (n=80), sheep (n=40), goats (n=40), dromedary camels (n=155), and various other camelid species (n=34) were tested for specific serum IgG by protein microarray using the receptor-binding S1 subunits of spike proteins of MERS-CoV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and human coronavirus OC43. The receptor-binding domains, which contain the S1 subunit of spike proteins of MERS-CoV (residues 1-747), SARS-CoV (residues 1-676), and human coronavirus OC43 (residues 1-760) were expressed, purifi ed, and spotted on glass slides.
    keywords: antibodies; antigen; bovine; camels; coronavirus; cov; east; human; mers; middle; oc43; sera
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        item: #32 of 48
          id: cord-305193-hbn69kmi
      author: Lang, Min
       title: Hypoxaemia related to COVID-19: vascular and perfusion abnormalities on dual-energy CT
        date: 2020-04-30
       words: 717
      flesch: 29
     summary: Three major findings from dual energy CT were observed on the images of pulmonary blood volume perfusion: preferentially increased perfusion of the lungs proximal to areas of lung opacity, decreased areas of peripheral perfusion corresponding to peripheral lung opacities, and a halo of increased perfusion surrounding peripheral areas of consolidation. 3, 4 Dualenergy CT imaging can be used to characterise lung perfusion and is done as part of the standard protocol for imaging pulmonary embolism at our institution.
    keywords: covid19; perfusion
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        item: #33 of 48
          id: cord-313615-cts45n3j
      author: Tam, John S
       title: Research agenda for mass gatherings: a call to action
        date: 2012-01-15
       words: 5489
      flesch: 33
     summary: The principal objectives of this research agenda are to identify topics for research and underpin and prioritise their importance in achieving interventions for the control of public health; provide a research framework to gather evidence to address health issues associated with MGs and global security risks to public health; ensure focus on less well addressed issues such as operational and implementation research, particularly for under-resourced regions; provide a platform to enable co ordination, discussion, and interaction among organisers of MGs, public health professionals, and researchers; and encourage a multidisciplinary approach to address gaps in knowledge about health risks associated with MGs and their control. Communicable disease alert and response for mass gatherings The Hajj: communicable and non-communicable health hazards and current guidance for pilgrims Public health surveillance for mass gatherings A literature review of the health and safety risks associated with major sporting events: learning lessons for the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic games Health risks at the Hajj Global perspectives for prevention of infectious diseases associated with mass gatherings Crowd and environmental management during mass gatherings Non-communicable health risks during mass gatherings Public health legacy: experiences from Vancouver 2010 and Sydney 2000 Olympic and Paralympic Games Mass gatherings and public health: the experience of the Athens 2004 Olympic Games WHO Western Pacifi c Region.
    keywords: communicable; diseases; eff; global; health; mass; mgs; non; planning; public; research; risks
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        item: #34 of 48
          id: cord-314734-ai0hz4uq
      author: Hung, Ivan Fan-Ngai
       title: SARS-CoV-2 shedding and seroconversion among passengers quarantined after disembarking a cruise ship: a case series
        date: 2020-06-12
       words: 4603
      flesch: 50
     summary: The nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR median viral load was higher in symptomatic patients than in asymptomatic patients (7·62 log 10 copies per mL vs 3·86 log 10 copies per mL). Despite the positive clinical findings, six of the nine patients remained asymptomatic throughout the 14-day quarantine after leaving the ship (ratio of symptomatic to asymptomatic patients 1:2).
    keywords: asymptomatic; cov-2; cruise; infection; passengers; patients; sars; ship
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        item: #35 of 48
          id: cord-315130-8g2ih8zl
      author: Bax, Adriaan
       title: SARS-CoV-2 transmission via speech-generated respiratory droplets
        date: 2020-09-11
       words: 1838
      flesch: 46
     summary: Surfing the COVID-19 scientific wave The size and the duration of air-carriage of respiratory droplets and dropletnuclei On air-borne infection -Study II Droplets and droplet nuclei Guidelines for Environmental Infection Control in Health-Care Facilities Indoor air humidity, air quality, and health -An overview Mechanisms of airborne infection via evaporating and sedimenting droplets produced by speaking The airborne lifetime of small speech droplets and their potential importance in SARS-CoV-2 transmission What Noises Cause Hearing Loss Visualizing Speech-Generated Oral Fluid Droplets with Laser Light Scattering Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019 Investigation of a COVID-19 outbreak in Germany resulting from a single travel-associated primary case: a case series A schlieren optical study of the human cough with and without wearing masks for aerosol infection control Substantial undocumented infection facilitates the rapid dissemination of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) WHO confirms there's 'emerging evidence' of airborne transmission of The role of particle size in aerosolised pathogen transmission: A review SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Upper Respiratory Specimens of Infected Patients Viral RNA Load in Mildly Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Children with COVID-19 Temporal dynamics in viral shedding and transmissibility of COVID-19 Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2: an observational cohort study Physiology of airway mucus clearance Modality of human expired aerosol size distributions Size distribution and sites of origin of droplets expelled from the human respiratory tract during expiratory activities For example, we could have stated an average of 17 virions per second over a period of 25 seconds but such a number would suggest a precision higher than warranted, considering the wide variation in viral load and the fractional uncertainty in the diameter of the fully hydrated particles.
    keywords: droplets; load; patients; speech; transmission
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        item: #36 of 48
          id: cord-316201-08pyx98r
      author: Grout, Andrea
       title: Guidelines, law, and governance: disconnects in the global control of airline-associated infectious diseases
        date: 2017-02-01
       words: 3438
      flesch: 35
     summary: 4 Management of these risks requires knowledge of the dynamics of infectious disease transmission and the potential effectiveness of control measures, suggesting that frontline employees (eg, airline staff) would need appropriate training to handle suspected disease cases. 8 Current measures, such as entry and exit screening, isolation, quarantine, and travel health information might not be feasible or sufficient to control infectious disease transmission.
    keywords: air; aircraft; control; disease; flight; health; international; transmission; travel
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        item: #37 of 48
          id: cord-317795-689at1qx
      author: Bielicki, Julia A
       title: Monitoring approaches for health-care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic
        date: 2020-07-23
       words: 4878
      flesch: 31
     summary: The art of war in the era of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Intensive care during the coronavirus epidemic Intensive care management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): challenges and recommendations Escalating infection control response to the rapidly evolving epidemiology of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2 in Hong Kong Contact tracing: public health management of persons, including healthcare workers, having had contact with COVID-19 cases in the European Union COVID-19) pandemic: increased transmission in the EU/EEA and the UK-sixth update Health workers exposure risk assessment and management in the context of COVID-19 virus Interim US guidance for risk assessment and public health management of healthcare personnel with potential exposure in a healthcare setting to patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Health workforce development in the European Union: a matrix for comparing trajectories of change in the professions Risks to healthcare workers with emerging diseases: lessons from MERS-CoV, Ebola, SARS, and avian flu Unique epidemiological and clinical features of the emerging 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) implicate special control measures Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalised patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China Characteristics of health care personnel with COVID-19-United States Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Death from COVID-19 of 23 health care workers in China Epidemia COVID-19-aggiornamento nazionale Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed Protecting health care workers during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak: lessons from Taiwan's severe acute respiratory syndrome response Personal protective equipment for preventing highly infectious diseases due to exposure to contaminated body fluids in healthcare staff Protecting Chinese healthcare workers while combating the 2019 novel coronavirus Protecting health-care workers from subclinical coronavirus infection Temporal dynamics in viral shedding and transmissibility of COVID-19 Epidemiology of COVID-19 in a long-term care facility in King County, Washington Beyond the assistance: additional exposure situations to COVID-19 for healthcare workers COVID-19 in Australian healthcare workers: early experience of the Royal Melbourne Hospital emphasises the importance of community acquisition Epidemiological, clinical characteristics and outcome of medical staff infected with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective case series analysis Epidemiology of and risk factors for coronavirus infection in health care workers: a living rapid review COVID-19 in healthcare workers in three hospitals in the south of the Netherlands Rapid assessment of regional SARS-CoV-2 community transmission through a convenience sample of healthcare workers, the Netherlands Kontaktpersonennachverfolgung bei respiratorischen Erkrankungen durch das Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Risk assessment of healthcare workers with potential workplace exposure to COVID-19 case (V8.1) Public health management of cases and contacts associated with coronavirus disease Medical masks vs N95 respirators for preventing COVID-19 in health care workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials A systematic risk-based strategy to select personal protective equipment for infectious diseases Risk of nosocomial transmission of coronavirus disease 2019: an experience in a general ward setting in Hong Kong Asymptomatic and presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections in residents of a longterm care skilled nursing facility Diagnosis and clinical management of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: an operational recommendation of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (V2.0) Community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is targeted by public health measures, whereas infection by patient or health-care worker contact is primarily addressed by facility-based infection prevention and control (IPC) measures.
    keywords: care; cov-2; covid-19; health; infection; risk; sars; testing; workers
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        item: #38 of 48
          id: cord-318683-1yxurnev
      author: Green, Manfred S
       title: Confronting the threat of bioterrorism: realities, challenges, and defensive strategies
        date: 2018-10-16
       words: 8027
      flesch: 32
     summary: Since the west African Ebola virus epidemic, new Ebola virus vaccines that have been long under development are being used successfully in the 2018 epidemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Currently, the vaccines that would most likely be used for pre-exposure or post-exposure prophylaxis are the smallpox and anthrax vaccines.
    keywords: agents; anthrax; bioterrorism; disease; ebola; exposure; health; outbreak; preparedness; public; response; risk; smallpox; surveillance; treatment; vaccination; vaccine; virus
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        item: #39 of 48
          id: cord-320548-oigyut2k
      author: Zumla, Alimuddin
       title: Emerging novel and antimicrobial-resistant respiratory tract infections: new drug development and therapeutic options
        date: 2014-09-01
       words: 8128
      flesch: 22
     summary: A antibodies Antiviral combinations for severe infl uenza infections: a review Triple combination of amantadine, ribavirin, and oseltamivir is highly active and synergistic against drug resistant infl uenza virus strains in vitro Effi cacy of oseltamivirzanamivir combination compared to each monotherapy for seasonal infl uenza: a randomized placebo-controlled trial Triple-combination antiviral drug for pandemic H1N1 infl uenza virus infection in critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation Adjuvant treatment with a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, sirolimus, and steroids improves outcomes in patients with severe H1N1 pneumonia and acute respiratory failure Anti-malaria drug chloroquine is highly eff ective in treating avian infl uenza A H5N1 virus infection in an animal model Eff ectiveness of chloroquine against infl uenza Chloroquine for infl uenza prevention: a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled trial International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infections Consortium Treatment of MERS-CoV: information for clinicians. Romark announces clinical trial results for new infl uenza drug presented at IDSA meeting Eff ect of nitazoxanide in adults and adolescents with acute uncomplicated infl uenza: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2b/3 trial Adjunctive therapies and immunomodulatory agents in the management of severe infl uenza The eff ectiveness of convalescent plasma and hyperimmune immunoglobulin for the treatment of severe acute respiratory infections of viral aetiology: a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis Convalescent plasma treatment reduced mortality in patients with severe pandemic infl uenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus infection Hyperimmune IV immunoglobulin treatment: a multicenter double-blind randomized controlled trial for patients with severe 2009 infl uenza A(H1N1) infection An in vivo human-plasmablast enrichment technique allows rapid identifi cation of therapeutic infl uenza
    keywords: antiviral; cells; clinical; drug; eff; infections; infl; infl uenza; oseltamivir; patients; resistance; respiratory; therapy; treatment; trial; tuberculosis; uenza; use; viral; virus
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        item: #40 of 48
          id: cord-320970-ru2iw0py
      author: Peeling, Rosanna W
       title: Serology testing in the COVID-19 pandemic response
        date: 2020-07-17
       words: 3672
      flesch: 43
     summary: Yet the scarcity of knowledge on the dynamics of the immune response to infection has led to hesitation on recommending the use of rapid immunodiagnostic tests, even though rapid serology tests are commercially available and scalable. This research should inform control programmes of the required performance and utility of rapid serology tests, which, when applied specifically for appropriate public health measures to then be put in place, can make a huge difference.
    keywords: antibody; covid-19; patients; serology; testing; tests; use
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        item: #41 of 48
          id: cord-321949-s1qu3odd
      author: Anderson, Evan J
       title: Rotavirus infection in adults
        date: 2004-01-28
       words: 6944
      flesch: 31
     summary: Rotavirus infection and pathogenicity Acute diarrhoea in adults: a prospective study Enteropathogens associated with acute diarrhea in community and hospital patients in Jakarta, Indonesia Acute gastroenteritis associated with rotavirus in adults Seroepidemiology of human group C rotavirus in the UK Rotavirus infections in adults in association with acute gastroenteritis Gastroenteritis due to rotavirus in an isolated Pacific island group: an epidemic of 3,439 cases Rotavirus epidemic in adults Two sequential outbreaks of rotavirus gastroenteritis: evidence for symptomatic and asymptomatic reinfections An outbreak of rotavirus diarrhea among a nonimmune, isolated South American Indian community Rotavirus infection in a geriatric population An outbreak of rotavirus infection in a long-stay ward of a geriatric hospital Epidemic of viral gastroenteritis in an elderly community An outbreak of rotavirus infection in a geriatric hospital Outbreaks of astrovirus type 1 and rotavirus gastroenteritis in a geriatric inpatient population An epidemic of rotavirusassociated gastroenteritis in a nursing home for the elderly Outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease in residential institutions in England and Wales 1992-1994 A community waterborne gastroenteritis outbreak: evidence for rotavirus as the agent Outbreaks of adult gastroenteritis traced to a single genotype of rotavirus Investigation of an outbreak of adult diarrhea rotavirus in China Emergence of adult diarrhoea rotavirus in Calcutta, India Epidemiology, etiology, and impact of traveler's diarrhea in Jamaica Rotavirus in travelers' diarrhea: study of an adult student population in Mexico Human rotavirus in an adult population with travelers' diarrhea and its relationship to the location of food consumption Norwalk virus and rotavirus in travellers' diarrhoea in Mexico Travelers' diarrhea in panamanian tourists in Mexico Traveler's diarrhea associated with rotavirus infection: analysis of virus-specific immunoglobulin classes Human reovirus-like agent infection: occurrence in adult contacts of pediatric patients with gastroenteritis Common exposure outbreak of gastroenteritis due to type 2 rotavirus with high secondary attack rate within families Rotavirus associated with acute gastroenteritis in adults Rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis in two adults probably caused by virus reinfection Viral infections of the gastrointestinal tract Improved detection of rotavirus shedding by polymerase chain reaction Control of outbreaks of viral diarrhoea in hospitals: a practical approach Extended excretion of rotavirus after severe diarrhoea in young children Oral bacterial therapy reduces the duration of symptoms and of viral excretion in children with mild diarrhea Bacteriotherapy with Lactobacillus reuteri in rotavirus gastroenteritis Rotavirus infections: guidelines for treatment and prevention Bismuth subsalicylate in the treatment of acute diarrhea in children: a clinical study Oral immunoglobulins for treatment of acute rotaviral gastroenteritis Oral administration of human serum immunoglobulin in immunodeficient patients with viral gastroenteritis: a pharmacokinetic and functional analysis Severe rotavirus-associated diarrhoea following bone marrow transplantation: treatment with oral immunoglobulin Rotavirus survival on human hands and transfer of infectious virus to animate and nonporous inanimate surfaces Red book: 2003 report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases Infection control for hospitalized children Institutional outbreaks of rotavirus diarrhoea: potential role of fomites and environmental surfaces as vehicles for virus transmission Prevention of surface-to-human transmission of rotaviruses by treatment with disinfectant spray Randomised placebo-controlled trial of rhesushuman reassortant rotavirus vaccine for prevention of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis Efficacy of the rhesus rotavirus-based quadrivalent vaccine in infants and young children in Venezuela Reappraisal of the association of intussusception with the licensed live rotavirus vaccine challenges initial conclusions The first rotavirus vaccine and intussusception: epidemiological studies and policy decisions For personal use. key: cord-321949-s1qu3odd authors: Anderson, Evan J; Weber, Stephen G title: Rotavirus infection in adults date: 2004-01-28 journal: Lancet Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(04)00928-4 sha: doc_id: 321949 cord_uid: s1qu3odd Rotavirus has been recognised for 30 years as the most common cause of infectious gastroenteritis in infants and young children.
    keywords: acute; adults; antibody; children; colleagues; diarrhoea; disease; gastroenteritis; human; infection; patients; rotavirus; studies; study; symptoms
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        item: #42 of 48
          id: cord-322290-zx3i8mpo
      author: Yelin, Dana
       title: Long-term consequences of COVID-19: research needs
        date: 2020-09-01
       words: 928
      flesch: 46
     summary: key: cord-322290-zx3i8mpo authors: Yelin, Dana; Wirtheim, Eytan; Vetter, Pauline; Kalil, Andre C; Bruchfeld, Judith; Runold, Michael; Guaraldi, Giovanni; Mussini, Cristina; Gudiol, Carlota; Pujol, Miquel; Bandera, Alessandra; Scudeller, Luigia; Paul, Mical; Kaiser, Laurent; Leibovici, Leonard title: Long-term consequences of COVID-19: research needs date: 2020-09-01 journal: Lancet Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30701-5 sha: doc_id: 322290 cord_uid: zx3i8mpo nan Weeks and months after the onset of acute COVID-19, people continue to suffer. For efficient research and for research that our patients (and we) can trust, some common problems in the description and research of acute COVID-19 should be avoided.
    keywords: acute; covid-19; patients
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        item: #43 of 48
          id: cord-329200-o5hxpl8f
      author: Houlihan, Catherine F
       title: The complexities of SARS-CoV-2 serology
        date: 2020-09-23
       words: 1013
      flesch: 30
     summary: The expectation is that the best predictor of antibodymediated protection will come from neutralisation assays, in which the ability of patient serum to prevent live virus infecting cell cultures is measured. The Abbott, Roche, and Siemens assays were the most specific.
    keywords: antibody; assays; sars
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        item: #44 of 48
          id: cord-331244-zaguyxm5
      author: Stephenson, Iain
       title: Confronting the avian influenza threat: vaccine development for a potential pandemic
        date: 2004-07-30
       words: 8206
      flesch: 29
     summary: Current facilities may not be suitable for rapid bulk manufacture of avian influenza virus vaccines in response to a world threat. A virus (H7N7) associated with human conjunctivitis and a fatal case of acute respiratory respiratory distress syndrome Transmission of H7N7 avian influenza A virus to human beings during a large outbreak in commercial poultry farms in the Netherlands Influenza A (H9N2) in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China Avian influenza H5N1 infection in humans: urgent need to eliminate the animal reservoir-update 5 Cases of influenza A (H5N1)-Thailand Avian influenza virus A (H10N7) circulating among humans in Egypt An update on avian influenza in Hong Kong in 2002 H5N1 influenza viruses isolated from geese in Southeastern China: evidence for genetic reassortment and interspecies transmission to ducks Discovery of man infected by avian influenza virus Seroprevalence of antibody to H9N2 viruses in poultry workers of Hong Kong Molecular characterization of H9N2 influenza viruses: were they the donors of the internal genes of H5N1 viruses in Hong Kong Influenza A viruses: relationship between H9N2 relationship between H9N2 and H5N1 human isolates Emergence and control of zoonotic ortho-and paramyxovirus diseases Cocirculation of avian H9N2 and human H3N2 viruses in pigs in southern China Seropidemiological evidence of avian H4, H5 and H9 influenza viruses transmission to pigs in south eastern China Characterisation of a human H9N2 influenza virus isolated in Hong Kong Molecular evolution of H6 influenza viruses from poultry in south eastern China: prevalence of H6N1 influenza viruses possessing seven A/HongKong/156/97 H5N1-like genes in poultry Transmission of Eurasian avian H2 influenza virus to shorebirds in North America Enhancement of the infectivity of influenza A and B viruses by proteolytic cleavage of the haemagglutinin polypeptide Proteolytic cleavage of influenza virus haemagglutinins: primary structure of the connecting peptide between HA1 and HA2 determines proteolytic cleavability and pathogenicity of avian influenza viruses Inhibition of interferon-mediated antiviral responses by influenza A viruses and other negative-strand RNA viruses A novel mechanism for the acquisition of virulence by a human influenza A virus A mouse model for the evaluation of pathogenesis and immunity to influenza A (H5N1) viruses isolated from humans Molecular correlates of influenza A H5N1 virus pathogenesis Biological heterogeneity, including systemic replication in mice, of H5N1 influenza A virus isolates from humans in Hong Kong Pathogenesis of avian influenza A H5N1 viruses in ferrets Molecular basis for high virulence of Hong Kong H5N1 influenza A viruses Pathogenicity and antigenicity of a new influenza A (H5N1) virus isolated from duck meat Induction of proinflammatory cytokines in human macrophages by influenza A H5N1 viruses: a mechanism for the unusual severity of human disease? Lethal H5N1 influenza viruses escape host anti-viral cytokine responses Origin and evolution of the 1918 Spanish influenza virus heamagglutinin gene Characterisation of the 1918 Spanish influenza virus neuraminidase gene Vaccine production Antigenic drift and efficacy of influenza virus vaccines Efficacy/clinical effectiveness of inactivated influenza virus vaccines in adults Determinants of immunity to influenza infection in man Correlation between rate of infection and pre-existing titer of serum antibody as determined by single radial haemolysis during an epidemic of influenza A/Victoria/3/75 Note for guidance on harmonisation of requirements for influenza vaccines, CPMP/BWP/214/96.
    keywords: antibody; avian; h5n1; h9n2; haemagglutinin; hong; human; infection; influenza; pandemic; responses; strains; vaccine; viruses
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        item: #45 of 48
          id: cord-332237-8oykgp0h
      author: Omrani, Ali S
       title: Ribavirin and interferon alfa-2a for severe Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a retrospective cohort study
        date: 2014-09-29
       words: 3323
      flesch: 44
     summary: Severe respiratory disease associated with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)-11th update Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical characteristics of 47 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease from Saudi Arabia: a descriptive study A family cluster of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections related to a likely unrecognized asymptomatic or mild case Hospital outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infections when novel coronavirus is suspected: what to do and what not to do International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) key: cord-332237-8oykgp0h authors: Omrani, Ali S; Saad, Mustafa M; Baig, Kamran; Bahloul, Abdelkarim; Abdul-Matin, Mohammed; Alaidaroos, Amal Y; Almakhlafi, Ghaleb A; Albarrak, Mohammed M; Memish, Ziad A; Albarrak, Ali M title: Ribavirin and interferon alfa-2a for severe Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a retrospective cohort study date: 2014-09-29 journal: Lancet Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(14)70920-x sha: doc_id: 332237 cord_uid: 8oykgp0h BACKGROUND: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection is associated with high mortality and has no approved antiviral therapy.
    keywords: cov; infection; interferon; mers; patients; ribavirin; treatment
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        item: #46 of 48
          id: cord-332238-qw2ual51
      author: Meyer, Jaimie P
       title: COVID-19 and the coming epidemic in US immigration detention centres
        date: 2020-04-15
       words: 908
      flesch: 26
     summary: Because of the existing barriers to adequate mitigation, containment, and provision of medical care in detention facilities, the policy response to this crisis must involve the release of individuals in ICE detention and a halt of ICE enforcement action in the community. 6 Clinical deterioration, often rapid with COVID-19, will require the rapid transfer of individuals with COVID-19 to local medical facilities for specialised care that might exceed the capacity of local health-care systems, particularly in the rural and semi-rural settings where many ICE detention facilities are located.
    keywords: detention; ice; individuals
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        item: #47 of 48
          id: cord-337491-ztco6guw
      author: Kucharski, Adam J
       title: Using serological data to understand unobserved SARS-CoV-2 risk in health-care settings
        date: 2020-08-03
       words: 933
      flesch: 33
     summary: Transmission characteristics of MERS and SARS in the healthcare setting: a comparative study Screening of healthcare workers for SARS-CoV-2 highlights the role of asymptomatic carriage in COVID-19 transmission Risk of COVID-19 in health-care workers in Denmark: an observational cohort study SARS-CoV-2 exposure, symptoms and seroprevalence in health care workers Antibody testing for COVID-19: a report from the National COVID Scientific Advisory Panel Report into a nosocomial outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at Netcare St. Augustine's Hospital Real-time tracking of self-reported symptoms to predict potential COVID-19 Targets of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in humans with COVID-19 disease and unexposed individuals Clinical and immunological assessment of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections Coronavirus protective immunity is short-lasting Serological surveillance can help investigate the dynamics of infections that often go unobserved in the early stages of epidemics or when a large fraction of cases is asymptomatic or with mild symptoms.
    keywords: cov-2; covid-19; sars
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        item: #48 of 48
          id: cord-354881-7o20cn1x
      author: Brown, Rebecca C H
       title: The scientific and ethical feasibility of immunity passports
        date: 2020-10-16
       words: 4135
      flesch: 38
     summary: key: cord-354881-7o20cn1x authors: Brown, Rebecca C H; Kelly, Dominic; Wilkinson, Dominic; Savulescu, Julian title: The scientific and ethical feasibility of immunity passports date: 2020-10-16 journal: Lancet Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30766-0 sha: doc_id: 354881 cord_uid: 7o20cn1x There is much debate about the use of immunity passports in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Some have argued that immunity passports are unethical and impractical, pointing to uncertainties relating to COVID-19 immunity, issues with testing, perverse incentives, doubtful economic benefits, privacy concerns, and the risk of discriminatory effects.
    keywords: antibody; cov-2; covid-19; immunity; individuals; infection; passports; risk; sars
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