item: #1 of 83
          id: leap-294565
      author: Smith, Michael
       title: A Constitutivist theory o reasons: its promise and parts
        date: 2013
       words: 11127
      flesch: 55
     summary: As we saw earlier, what we need in order to make this idea seem plausible is some account of the relationship between final goodness and final desire, an ac- count that explains why reasons for final desires should inherit their status as reasons in this way. What Hume says in this passage, translated into modern jargon, is that since final desires (in his terms, “original existences”) do not purport to represent things to be the way they are, they aren’t the sort of psychological state which can be true or false, and hence not the sort of state for which there can be reasons.
    keywords: account; actions; agent; argument; beliefs; capacities; capacity; certain; concept; conclusion; constitutive; constitutivist; desires; dominant; exercise; fact; final; final desires; good; goodness; hume; ideal; ideal agent; inheritance; instrumental; instrumental desires; knowledge; later; leap; moral; parfit; parts; press; promise; psychological; rational; reasons; required; requirements; smith; standard; story; subsidiary; terms; theory; thesis; things; truth; way; ways; world
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        item: #2 of 83
          id: leap-294660
      author: Firth, Joanna
       title: What's So Shameful About Shameful Revelations?
        date: 2013
       words: 10221
      flesch: 62
     summary: Of course, if forcing ideal luck egalitarian citizens to reveal that their lack of talent will embarrass them severely, this is not good news for luck egal- itarians. Further, the main idea of my paper (that in an ideal luck egalitarian society people would not be ashamed of being untalented) is not discussed in his new paper and the shameful revelations allegation is influential, important and interesting in its own right.
    keywords: allegation; argument; ashamed; beliefs; benefits; citizens; claim; cognitive; conflict; current; deep; egalitarian; egalitarian society; egalitarianism; emotions; example; fact; fairness; firth; ideal; ideal egalitarian; ideal luck; important; itp; joanna; job; justice; lack; leap; level; luck; luck egalitarian; marketable; moral; natural; norms; order; paper; people; person; point; press; principles; quality; reason; resources; respect; responsible; revelations; self; sense; shameful; shameful revelations; society; state; system; talents; theories; unconditional; university; untalented; value; view; way; welfare; wolff
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        item: #3 of 83
          id: leap-294760
      author: Hreno, Travis
       title: Jury Nullifications and the Bad Faith Juror
        date: 2013
       words: 6422
      flesch: 57
     summary: Keywords: jury, jury nullification, fully-informed juries, jurors’ rights, judi- cial instructions. However, even those who see jury nullification to be a somewhat per- nicious element of the jury system do not advocate trying to remove the abil- ity to so act from the jury.2 One of the most active controversies regarding jury nullification, how- ever, both in the courts and among legal theorists, centers on whether juries ought to be informed that they have this ability to nullify 3.
    keywords: anarchy; arguments; bad; case; community; convictions; crime; criminal; defendant; depth; discussion; dyke; element; evidence; fact; fair; faith; free; guilty; horowitz; hreno; instance; instruction; judge; judicial; juries; jurors; jury; jury nullification; justice; law; leap; legal; maryland; nullification; nullification instruction; order; rni; states; system; time; trial; united; van; verdict; way
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        item: #4 of 83
          id: leap-294761
      author: Lippert-Rasmussen, Kasper
       title: Global Injustice and Redistributive Wars
        date: 2013
       words: 10936
      flesch: 56
     summary: I do not claim (i) that Pogge’s analysis is correct; (ii) that, as a matter of fact, it is morally permissible for poor countries to wage redis- tributive wars against rich countries; (iii) that it is not the case that anything that is impermissible for poor countries to do in the latter situation involving military aggression —e. g. deliberately targeting rich civilians— is impermis- sible in redistributive wars as well. An obvious question now arises: would poor countries not similarly be engaged in a just —perhaps even morally permissible— war, were they to take up arms to force us —people living in rich countries— to 1.
    keywords: account; affairs; aggression; analysis; bellum; case; causal; certain; citizens; claim; correct; costs; countries; country; deaths; defence; defensive; difference; distinction; ethics; fact; global; global poor; global poverty; global structure; harm; human; injustice; international; kasper; killing; leap; liable; lippert; mcmahan; means; military; military aggression; moral; number; oxford; people; permissible; pogge; poor; poor countries; poor people; poverty; press; proportionality; question; rasmussen; reason; redistributive; redistributive wars; relevant; requirement; rich; rich countries; rich people; rights; second; self; situation; states; structure; unjust; unjust global; view; waging; war; wars; way; world; year
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        item: #5 of 83
          id: leap-294762
      author: Pogge, Thomas
       title: Poverty and Violence
        date: 2013
       words: 12048
      flesch: 52
     summary: Perhaps most members of rich countries are too old for military service, their electorates are extremely concerned about security and willing to sacrifice much of their wealth to restore (a less unjust) peace once the war proves not to be a walk-over, and poor countries have also acquired weap- ons of mass destruction and can draw on vast pools of young men eager to join their armies” (Lippert-Rasmussen 2013: 81-82). First, because foodstuffs are tradable commodities, their prices in poor countries are uniformly higher than the World Bank’s purchasing power parities suggest— fully 50 percent higher on average (Pogge 2010: n. 127).
    keywords: account; affluent; affluent countries; africa; analogy; analysis; arrangements; attack; attackers; bank; beings; casualties; cause; change; citizens; civilians; claim; component; condition; consequences; correct; countries; country; developed; development; domestic; economic; elites; example; fact; forfeiture; global; global poverty; government; half; harm; household; human; income; india; inequality; institutional; international; island; january; judgment; large; leap; liable; life; lippert; lippertrasmussen; making; marines; massive; military; moral; n.d; number; order; oxford; people; percent; permissible; person; pogge; political; poor; poor countries; poorer; population; poverty; power; powerful; press; rasmussen; reasons; redistributive; redistributive war; resort; responsibility; rich; rich countries; richest; right; rules; second; self; severe; share; states; supranational; theory; thomas; trade; true; united; unjust; url; view; violence; war; wars; world; world poverty; wrong
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        item: #6 of 83
          id: leap-294784
      author: Horta, Oscar
       title: Zoopolis, Interventions and the State of Nature
        date: 2013
       words: 5521
      flesch: 54
     summary: In fact, most assume that we have no reason to aid them because (a) we have no such moral obligations or (b) such animals do not really need our help. They starve to death, are killed by other animals or die in other ways.
    keywords: aid; animals; arguments; authors; autonomy; bad; challenges; claim; communities; community; death; domestic; donaldson; environment; ethics; existence; fact; flourishing; food; form; good; help; horta; humans; individuals; intervention; kymlicka; leap; life; lives; members; nature; need; new; nonhuman; oscar; political; population; predation; press; problem; significant; situation; social; sovereignty; species; state; strategists; suffering; theory; university; valuable; wild; zoopolis
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        item: #7 of 83
          id: leap-294785
      author: Alasdair, Cochrane
       title: Cosmozoopolis: the Case Against Group-Differentiated Animal Rights
        date: 2013
       words: 6750
      flesch: 49
     summary: I have argued that Donaldson and Kymlicka mistakenly fail to extend to wild animals rights they grant to domesticated animals, such as the rights to political concern, political agency, residency and protection from predation. In particular, it argues that the theory of animal rights developed in Zoopolis is vulnerable to some of the critiques that are made against theories which differentiate the rights of humans on the basis of group-based distinctions.
    keywords: agency; animal rights; animals; basis; capacities; case; citizenship; claim; cochrane; communities; community; cosmozoopolis; course; differentiated; discussion; donaldson; duties; entitlements; example; group; human; important; individuals; interests; justice; kymlicka; leap; life; liminal; non; oxford; paper; particular; point; political; position; predation; press; protection; relational; relevant; residency; rights; secure; sentient; sovereignty; theories; theory; universal; university; wild; wild animals; zoopolis
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        item: #8 of 83
          id: leap-294786
      author: Donaldson, Sue; Kymlicka, Will
       title: A Defense of Animal Citizens and Sovereigns
        date: 2013
       words: 8696
      flesch: 45
     summary: Our reply will focus on three key issues: 1) the underlying moral basis for a group-differentiated theory of animal rights; 2) the chal- lenge of defining the nature and scope of wild animal sovereignty, and 3) the problem of policing nature. LEAP, 1 (2013) A Defense of Animal Citizens and Sovereigns* SUE DONALDSON AND WILL KYMLICK A Queen’s University Abstract In their commentaries on Zoopolis, Alasdair Cochrane and Oscar Horta raise several challenges to our argument for a “political theory of animal rights”, and to the specific models of animal citizenship and animal sovereignty we offer.
    keywords: agency; animal communities; animal rights; animals; approach; basic; better; borders; care; case; certain; circumstances; citizenship; claims; clear; cochrane; collective; communities; community; cosmopolitanism; cycles; defense; dependent; different; donaldson; duties; ecological; food; forms; group; habitat; health; horta; human; humanitarian; important; individual; interests; intervention; justice; kolers; kymlicka; leap; life; lives; management; members; membership; mobility; moral; nature; need; outside; oxford; place; political; predation; press; public; purpose; relations; resources; responsibility; rights; societies; society; sovereignty; species; specific; states; sue; suffering; terrestrial; territory; theory; universal; view; ways; wild; wild animals; zoopolis
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        item: #9 of 83
          id: leap-297539
      author: Arneson, Richard J.
       title: What Do We Owe to Poor Families?
        date: 2014
       words: 12401
      flesch: 55
     summary: I want to focus on the subset of poor children and poor adult family members who are also low in the ensemble of personal traits that constitute native ability. In considering the desirability from a social justice standpoint of pronatalist and pro-marriage public policies, we need to be considering not simply what is desirable from the standpoint of an adult person who is poor, but also what is good for poor children.
    keywords: adults; arneson; arrangements; available; benefits; better; cambridge; casal; case; childrearing; children; circumstances; claim; collective; conditions; cooperative; costs; distribution; duties; duty; dworkin; earth; economic; education; efforts; egalitarian; equal; essay; ethics; example; existence; fact; fair; fairness; families; family; good; group; hart; help; income; increase; individuals; initial; justice; leap; legal; life; likely; lives; low; market; marriage; meaningful; members; moral; need; new; nonprocreators; obligations; opportunities; oxford; parenting; parents; pay; people; person; policies; policy; poor; population; practice; press; principle; prospects; public; rawls; rescue; resources; responsible; richard; right; scheme; sex; share; skills; social; society; special; stable; state; successful; term; u.s; university; view; voluntary; way; ways; williams; women; work; world; worse
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        item: #10 of 83
          id: leap-297544
      author: González-Ricoy, Iñigo
       title: Firms, States, and Democracy: A Qualified Defense of the Parallel Case Argument
        date: 2014
       words: 11545
      flesch: 56
     summary: For, even if it were, it would also apply to firms, given that certain tasks can also be insulated from workers’ control in democratic firms. The parallel-case argument does not imply that democratic firms ought to include this sort of insulation.
    keywords: affected; analogy; argument; association; business; capital; case; case argument; citizens; competition; contrast; control; costly; costs; country; decisions; democracy; democratic; democratic firms; difference; economic; effects; efficiency; employees; employment; enterprises; example; exercise; exit; expertise; features; firms; following; freedom; goals; gonzález; governance; hand; influence; interests; internal; job; journal; justification; labor; lack; leap; making; managers; market; need; new; non; number; officials; open; oxford; paper; parallel; philosophy; political; potential; power; present; press; public; purposes; reason; relevant; ricoy; rights; second; section; similarities; social; sort; states; sufficient; supply; university; voluntariness; voluntary; workers; workplace; workplace democracy; íñigo
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        item: #11 of 83
          id: leap-297557
      author: Temkin, Larry
       title: Rethinking the Good – A Small Taste
        date: 2014
       words: 15891
      flesch: 57
     summary: Many people have worried about the implausibly Rethinking the Good – A Small Taste 63 LEAP 2 (2014) The problem is that despite its great appeal, the Internal Aspects View doesn’t reflect the thinking that many people often engage in when assessing outcomes!
    keywords: alternatives; arguments; article; aspects; aspects view; average; axiom; better; case; comparative; day; different; duration; fact; factors; features; good; goodness; heaven; hell; ideals; intense; internal; leap; level; life; like; lives; living; long; month; mosquito; narrow; narrow person; number; outcome; pain; parfit; particular; people; person; plausible; practical; principle; question; reasoning; relevant; respect; rethinking; second; significant; small; spectrum; taste; temkin; terms; things; time; total; transitivity; view; worse; years
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        item: #12 of 83
          id: leap-297559
      author: Horta, Oscar
       title: In Defense of the Internal Aspects View: Person-Affecting Reasons, Spectrum Arguments and Inconsistent Intuitions
        date: 2014
       words: 9771
      flesch: 61
     summary: The paper does not defend a person-affecting view over an impersonal one, but it argues that although there are intuitive person-affecting principles that entail an Essentially Comparative View, the intuitions that support these principles can also be acommodated by other principles that are compatible with the Internal Aspects View. Keywords: betterness, Essentially Comparative View, Internal Aspects View, person-affecting reasons, Spectrum Arguments, transitivity.
    keywords: according; arguments; aspects; aspects view; best; better; betterness; case; certain; claim; comparative; comparisons; different; identity; inconsistent; individuals; internal; internal aspects; intuitions; leap; moral; narrow; normative; option; outcomes; pain; person; possible; principles; problem; reasons; spectrum; temkin; time; transitive; transitivity; view; way; worse
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        item: #13 of 83
          id: leap-297560
      author: Temkin, Larry
       title: Reply to Horta: Spectrum Arguments, the “Unhelpfulness” of Rejecting Transitivity, and Implications for Moral Realism
        date: 2014
       words: 5700
      flesch: 53
     summary: Reply to Horta 109 LEAP 2 (2014) Let me begin by acknowledging my gratitude to Oscar Horta for his thoughtful and sensitive comments in his article “In Defense of the Internal Aspects View: Person-Affecting Reasons, Spectrum Arguments and Inconsistent Intuitions” (Horta, 2014), and also for the generous spirit he displayed in presenting them. 108 ISSN 2341-1465 LEAP 2 (2014): 108-119 Reply to Horta: Spectrum Arguments, the “Unhelpfulness” of Rejecting Transitivity, and Implications for Moral Realism L ARRY TEMKIN Rutgers University Abstract This article responds to Oscar Horta’s article “In Defense of the Internal Aspects View: Person-Affecting Reasons, Spectrum Arguments and Inconsistent Intuitions”.
    keywords: alternatives; arguments; article; axioms; better; comparative; context; dependent; different; factors; good; horta; ideals; leap; moral; outcome; people; person; possible; principles; reasons; relation; relevant; second; significant; sophie; spectrum; standard; temkin; transitivity; view
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        item: #14 of 83
          id: leap-297561
      author: Persson, Ingmar
       title: Internal or External Grounds for the Nontransitivity of “Better/Worse than”
        date: 2014
       words: 9462
      flesch: 52
     summary: Likewise, according Internal or External Grounds 133 LEAP 2 (2014) to some metaethical theories, the relation between value properties and the properties they’re supposed to supervene on is entailment as in the case of the determinable properties under discussion. It’s only if value properties and secondary properties are taken as supervenient in a sense which, like mine, implies that they’re entirely distinct from their bases that my argument rules out transitive sameness with respect to them.
    keywords: argument; better; case; comparative; comparison; considered; difference; duration; external; having; intensity; internal; intrinsic; leap; ness; outcomes; pain; perfect; possible; primary; properties; property; regards; relation; respect; sense; similar; similarity; sufficient; supervenient; temkin; terms; things; transitive; transitivity; true; units; university; value; view; virtue; worse; yellow
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        item: #15 of 83
          id: leap-297562
      author: Temkin, Larry
       title: Reply to Persson: Intransitivity and the Internal Aspects View
        date: 2014
       words: 7159
      flesch: 53
     summary: The value bases for outcome X, Bx, determine X’s value, K, the value bases for outcome Y, By, determine Y’s value, L, and the value bases for outcome Z, Bz, determine Z’s value, In his article, Persson argues in favor of an account of supervenience that would be compatible with both an Internal Aspects View, and the nontransitivity of the “better or worse than” relations.
    keywords: add; arguments; aspects; aspects view; better; case; claims; comparative; different; features; good; goodness; ideals; internal; internal aspects; leap; outcomes; people; persson; principle; similar; spectrum; standard; supervenient; temkin; transitivity; value; view; way
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        item: #16 of 83
          id: leap-297563
      author: Hassoun, Nicole
       title: Globalization and Global Justice in Review
        date: 2014
       words: 5306
      flesch: 52
     summary: Coercive institutions do continue to exercise this force (insofar as they remain coercive institutions). Globalization and Global Justice starts by giving a new argument for the conclusion that coercive international institutions —whose subjects who are likely to face sanctions for violation of their rules— must ensure that everyone they coerce secures basic necessities like food, water and medicines.
    keywords: able; argument; autonomy; autonomy argument; basic; book; care; coercion; coercive; coercive institutions; conclusion; conditions; consent; countries; education; emotional; exercise; food; force; freedom; ggj; global; globalization; goods; hassoun; health; individuals; instance; institutions; international; international institutions; justice; leap; legitimacy; liberals; libertarians; necessary; need; new; nicole; obligations; people; possible; premise; review; rights; rules; sanctions; second; secure; significant; social; subjects; sufficient; sufficient autonomy; water; world
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        item: #17 of 83
          id: leap-297564
      author: Goodman, Charles
       title: Libertarian Welfare Rights: Can We Expel Them?
        date: 2014
       words: 5163
      flesch: 53
     summary: Nor would the 170 Charles Goodman LEAP 2 (2014) libertarian state arbitrarily confiscate their property. No residents will any longer be in a position to claim libertarian welfare rights against the state.
    keywords: actual; annie; argument; autonomous; autonomous persons; autonomy; basic; citizens; claim; coercive; consent; defense; global; hassoun; institutions; justice; law; leap; legitimacy; libertarian; libertarian state; locke; moral; natural; need; non; persons; pogge; poor; position; positive; premise; property; punishment; resources; result; rights; self; state; territory; theory; way; welfare
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        item: #18 of 83
          id: leap-297565
      author: Stone, Peter
       title: Social Contract Theory in the Global Context
        date: 2014
       words: 5649
      flesch: 52
     summary: This problem pushes consent theory towards counting as “consent” actions or omissions that would not count as consent in other contexts. Few who have considered consent theory have defended actual consent since John Locke” (95).
    keywords: able; actual; argument; autonomy; coercive; conception; consent; consent theory; contract; democratic; different; dissent; emphasis; global; hassoun; hypothetical; idea; institutions; justice; leap; legitimacy; liberal; libertarians; obligations; original; people; peter; political; poor; positive; press; rawls; rights; rule; social; social contract; stone; subjects; terms; theorists; theory; tradition; understanding; world
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        item: #19 of 83
          id: leap-297566
      author: Tan, Kok-Chor
       title: Sufficiency, Equality and the Consequences of Global Coercion
        date: 2014
       words: 9352
      flesch: 45
     summary: She calls this the “third wave” in global justice which she takes to be distinct on the one side from “statism” that supports only humanitarian duties, and on the other from “cosmopolitanism” that enjoins global egalitarian duties. Laura Valentini argues that the existence of global coercion triggers global distributive duties more demanding than mere humanitarianism, but not necessarily as demanding as cosmopolitan egalitarian duties.
    keywords: account; argument; autonomy; basic; blake; case; claim; coercion; coercive; commitments; consent; consequences; debate; demanding; different; distributive; domestic; duties; duty; economic; egalitarian; egalitarianism; equality; fact; form; freedom; global; global coercion; global egalitarian; global justice; global order; hassoun; humanitarian; individuals; institutional; justice; leap; libertarian; moral; nagel; needs; non; normative; obligations; order; people; persons; pogge; point; poor; poverty; principles; relevant; rights; significant; standard; state; sufficiency; systematic; tan; valentini; way; world
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        item: #20 of 83
          id: leap-297567
      author: Hassoun, Nicole
       title: Legitimate Coercion: What Consent Can and Cannot Do
        date: 2014
       words: 3882
      flesch: 58
     summary: If states can ensure their subjects secure the capacities they need to consent, the cost of doing so cannot justify riding rough-shod over basic libertarian rights. He wants to know what libertarian rights states violate if they do not ensure that people secure basic capacities.
    keywords: able; actual; annie; argument; autonomous; autonomy; basic; capacities; claim; coercion; coercive; consent; free; freedom; goodman; idea; institutions; land; leap; legitimate; libertarians; people; property; rights; rule; secure; state; stone; subjects; sufficient; tan
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        item: #21 of 83
          id: leap-297568
      author: Valentini, Laura
       title: Two Pictures of the Global-justice Debate: A Reply to Tan
        date: 2014
       words: 3267
      flesch: 49
     summary: IntroductIon Kok-chor tan’s review essay offers an internal critique of my perspective on global justice. tan grants my coercion-based account of the triggers of justice-obligations, but takes issue with my claim that, on that account, “global justice requires more than statist assistance, but less than full-blown cosmopolitan equality” (Valentini 2011: 20, quoted in tan 2014: 201).
    keywords: account; book; borders; coercion; cosmopolitanism; debate; distributive; domestic; economic; egalitarian; equality; global; goods; international; justice; leap; obligations; oxford; political; press; principles; question; recipients; relevant; socio; states; statism; statists; systemic; tan; trade; valentini; view; world
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        item: #22 of 83
          id: leap-297569
      author: Tan, Kok-Chor
       title: A Brief Rejoinder to Valentini
        date: 2014
       words: 1170
      flesch: 33
     summary: In my view, Valentini’s position as clarified in her reply is more clearly a variant of cosmopolitan egalitarianism. Valentini offers two reasons why her position is distinctive from cosmopolitan egalitarianism and occupies a middle position.
    keywords: cosmopolitan; distributive; egalitarianism; equality; global; ground; justice; obligations; point; position; recipients; states; valentini
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        item: #23 of 83
          id: leap-297570
      author: , 
       title: Whole number (2)
        date: 2014
       words: 106535
      flesch: 54
     summary: although there are many other good arguments for aiding the global poor, the book attempts to address two kinds of skeptics: libertarians and statists. But other people have different intuitions.
    keywords: able; acceptable; according; account; actual; actual consent; addition; additive; affairs; affected; aggregationist; aid; alternatives; analogy; annie; anti; appeal; approach; argument; arneson; arrangements; article; aspects view; assistance; autonomous; autonomy; autonomy argument; available; average; axiom; bad; bases; basic; benefits; best; better; betterness; bites; blake; book; business; cambridge; capacities; capital; care; casal; case; case argument; central; certain; childrearing; children; choice; chor; circumstances; citizens; claim; clear; coercion; coercive; coercive institutions; commitments; comparative; comparative view; compare; comparison; compatible; conception; concern; concerned; conclusion; conditions; consent; consent theory; consequences; considered; context; contract; contrary; control; cosmopolitan; costs; countries; course; day; debate; decisions; defense; degree; democracy; democratic; dependent; determined; diagram; differences; different; disagreement; discussion; dissent; distinct; distributive; domestic; duration; duties; duty; e.g.; economic; education; effects; egalitarian; egalitarianism; emphasis; employees; equality; ethics; example; exercise; exist; existence; extent; external; face; fact; factors; fair; families; features; firms; focus; following; follows; food; force; form; freedom; fundamental; general; generates; global; global coercion; global egalitarian; global justice; global order; globalization; goals; gonzález; good; goodman; goodness; great; greater; grounds; group; hand; hart; harvard; hassoun; having; health; heaven; hell; help; high; hold; horta; humanitarian; hypothetical; ideals; identity; iii; impersonal; implications; important; inconsistent; individuals; ingmar; initial; instance; institutions; intense; intensity; interesting; interests; internal; internal aspects; internal view; international; intrinsic; intuitions; issue; job; john; journal; judgments; justice; justification; justified; key; kind; kok; labor; lack; land; large; larry; law; leap; legal; legitimacy; level; liberals; libertarian; libertarian state; life; like; likely; limited; little; lives; living; locke; long; longer; main; making; managers; market; marriage; matter; meaningful; means; members; mere; mind; model; month; moral; mosquito; nagel; narrow; natural; nature; necessary; need; new; new people; nicole; non; nonprocreators; normative; note; notion; number; object; obligations; offer; officials; ones; open; opportunities; option; order; original; outcomes; oxford; pain; paper; parallel; parents; parfit; particular; pay; people; perfect; person; philosophical; philosophy; plausible; pogge; point; policies; policy; political; poor; population; position; positive; possibility; possible; potential; poverty; power; practical; practice; premise; present; press; principle; problem; properties; property; prospects; public; purposes; question; rawls; realm; reason; reasoning; recipients; regards; relation; relationship; relevant; reply; rescue; resources; respect; response; responsibility; result; rethinking; review; richard; ricoy; rights; rise; role; rules; second; section; secure; self; sense; set; share; significant; similar; similarities; similarity; single; situation; small; social; society; socio; sort; special; spectrum; spectrum arguments; stable; standard; standard view; state; status; stone; strong; structure; subjects; sufficient; supervenient; supply; support; system; systematic; tan; taste; temkin; temkin leap; terms; theories; theorists; theory; things; think; thought; time; torture; total; trade; transitive; transitivity; true; turn; understanding; units; university; use; utility; valentini; value; version; view; virtue; voluntary; water; way; ways; welfare; wellbeing; wide; williams; women; workers; workplace; world; worse; worth; years; york
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        item: #24 of 83
          id: leap-313495
      author: Da Silva, Michael
       title: Offsetting the harms of extinction
        date: 2015
       words: 10930
      flesch: 58
     summary: i meless perspective it is hard to identif y good reasons why it should matter that human extinction comes later rather than sooner” (2002: 253). This raises issues in moral mathematics that can be fruitfully explored in extinction cases.
    keywords: alternative; bad; badness; benefits; best; better; broome; cases; certain; choice; circumstances; claim; common; comparative; conclusion; continued; current; death; development; earlier; earth; effects; existence; extinction; future; future generations; future persons; generations; good; greater; harms; hat; high; highest; highest high; history; human; humanity; impartial; impersonal; intuitions; large; leap; level; life; likely; lives; long; longer; loss; mcmahan; michael; moral; non; number; offer; outcome; people; periods; persons; pill; place; plausible; possible; potential; potential future; potential persons; potential utility; preferable; principle; reason; relative; repugnant; result; return; salesman; scenarios; silva; similar; species; time; true; utility; value; view; world; worse; worth; years
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        item: #25 of 83
          id: leap-313497
      author: Blumenson, Eric
       title: The Limits of Moral Argument: Reason and Conviction in Tadros' Philosophy of Punishment
        date: 2015
       words: 13053
      flesch: 57
     summary: In his highly regarded 2011 book The Ends of Harm and in papers since refining some of his views,2 Tadros offers a truly original justification for state punishment, and does so with impressive dept h How does Tadros get all the way from the permissibility of defensive force to the permissibility of state punishment?
    keywords: absence; aggressor; argument; argumentative; basis; benefit; best; better; blumenson; bob; boulder; case; chain; choice; citizens; claims; compensation; compensatory; conclusion; considered; contingent; convictions; counter; crime; criminal; critique; defense; defensive; degree; desert; deterrence; different; distended; duties; duty; duty view; ends; equilibrium; eric; example; factors; force; future; general; good; greater; grounds; guilty; harm; hat; ill; individual; inf; innocent; intuitive; judgments; justice; justification; kind; law; leap; liability; liable; limits; means; methodology; moral; moral argument; necessary; negative; new; non; note; obligation; offender; particular; people; person; philosophy; point; press; principle; problem; proportionality; protective; punishing; punishment; question; rationale; rawls; reason; reasoning; remedy; required; residual; resources; response; retributive; retributivism; right; second; section; self; sentences; sentencing; specific; state; step; subject; suffering; support; system; t hat; tadros; theories; theory; threat; time; truth; university; use; utilitarian; victim; victor; view; way; work; wrongdoer; wrongful
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        item: #26 of 83
          id: leap-313504
      author: Tadros, Victor
       title: Response to Blumenson
        date: 2015
       words: 7730
      flesch: 65
     summary: 1. METHODOLOGY Blumenson thinks that the fact that there are many duties, with uncertain scope, involved in DV provides some reason to reject that view. Any system of state punishment is enormously costly.
    keywords: account; argument; blumenson; claim; compensation; criminal; desert; duties; duty; ends; example; fact; forfeiture; good; great; harm; hat; idea; law; leap; maximum; means; moral; negative; nozick; offender; oxford; particular; people; permissible; person; plausible; punishment; question; reason; response; rights; satisfied; state; steps; tadros; theory; threat; threshold; true; victim; view; virtue; way; wrongdoers; wrongdoing
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        item: #27 of 83
          id: leap-313505
      author: Casal, Paula
       title: Unjust Gender Inequalities
        date: 2015
       words: 2140
      flesch: 56
     summary: In addition, each instance of gender inequality Van Parijs describes is a lso intrig uing in its ow n right, and not only as an illustration of t he general problem just described. The va lue of discussing t hese questions, stressed by Van Parijs’ response “Real Freedom for All Women (and Men),” thus extends well beyond feminism.
    keywords: claim; concerns; discrimination; distributive; educational; example; exchange; fact; focus; gender; greater; hat; hormones; incarceration; inequalities; inequality; injustice; leap; male; men; miguel; opportunities; parijs; prostitutes; puzzle; rates; respects; second; sexual; slave; social; society; university; unjust; van; women
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        item: #28 of 83
          id: leap-313506
      author: Van Parijs, Philippe
       title: Four Puzzles on Gender Equality
        date: 2015
       words: 4971
      flesch: 56
     summary: Indeed, under the French or British system of single-member constituencies, and on the reasonable assumption that women form the majority of the voting public in every one of them, women have the power to make sure that only women get into the parliamentary assembly. LEAP 3 (2015) Four Puzzles on Gender Equality PHILIPPE VA N PA R IJS Université Catholique de Louvain Abstract There are dimensions a long which men seem to be disadvantaged, on average, relative to women.
    keywords: advantage; annual; assumption; audience; average; belgium; brussels; care; case; difference; dimensions; doubt; educational; electoral; example; expectancy; fact; favor; female; form; gap; gender; greater; group; higher; income; inequalities; inequality; injustice; leap; life; longer; majority; members; money; parijs; people; philippe; point; political; poor; power; prison; puzzles; real; significant; social; system; thought; time; unjust; vote; way; women; years
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        item: #29 of 83
          id: leap-313507
      author: Casal, Paula
       title: Distributive Justice and Female Longevity
        date: 2015
       words: 7864
      flesch: 59
     summary: If these explanations are correct, Van Parijs’ assumption that, if longevity has a biological explanation, then men’s lack of female longevity is unjust, would be a non sequitur. Van Parijs may want to reject Dworkin’s account and all forms of egalitarian liberalism that conclude men’s lack of female longevity is not unjust, and he may be able to offer good reasons for doing so.
    keywords: advantage; age; area; behavior; benefit; cambridge; care; casal; case; causes; choice; claim; compensation; condition; consequences; contrast; costs; death; difference; distributive; dworkin; egalitarian; elderly; example; expectancy; explanation; extra; factors; far; female; female longevity; fig; final; gap; gendered; greater; humans; income; individuals; inequality; injustice; justice; kekes; lack; large; leap; liability; liberal; liberalism; life; lifestyles; likely; longer; longevity; males; man; men; natural; non; offspring; oxford; parijs; paula; pay; people; plausible; press; relative; resources; scanlon; second; segall; self; sex; significant; social; society; species; trait; unfair; university; unjust; value; van; van parijs; view; violence; way; williams; women; years; young; younger
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        item: #30 of 83
          id: leap-313508
      author: Mora, Jesús
       title: Women's Greater Educational Efforts as a Consequence of Inequality
        date: 2015
       words: 4153
      flesch: 56
     summary: Therefore, the situation of women in access to leadership is hindered by the interplay of first, the assumption of their lack of competence to exercise power and, second, t he negat ive percept ion of t hose women who at tempt to put leadership-associated abilities into practice. It seems, then, that educated women are penalized for being women less than less educated women are by all those who select them as either employees or as co-parents or partners.
    keywords: access; addition; bianchi; careers; children; consequence; different; domains; domestic; economic; education; efforts; employment; explanation; exploitation; face; fact; families; female; gender; greater; group; harder; higher; home; ies; income; inequality; injustice; jesús; job; labor; leadership; leap; mora; mse; need; occupations; parenting; parijs; positions; poverty; power; protection; qualified; review; risk; school; single; social; traditional; van; women; work; workplace
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        item: #31 of 83
          id: leap-313509
      author: Vandamme, Pierre-Étienne
       title: Do Women Enjoy a Political Advantage? Majority Position and Democratic Justice
        date: 2015
       words: 3762
      flesch: 52
     summary: first, t hat women form a potential majority in all constituencies with universal suffrage where they enjoy longer life expectancy. LEAP 3 (2015) Do Women Enjoy a Political Advantage?
    keywords: active; advantage; cambridge; common; countries; democracy; democratic; domination; education; elections; electoral; expectancy; fact; favor; gender; group; higher; imbalance; inequality; injustice; interests; leap; level; life; majority; minority; norris; opportunities; parijs; participation; people; political; politics; potential; power; press; puzzles; stevens; turnout; unequal; university; unjust; use; van; van parijs; vote; women
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        item: #32 of 83
          id: leap-313510
      author: Ottonelli, Valeria
       title: A Blatant Case of Over-Accommodation
        date: 2015
       words: 5071
      flesch: 48
     summary: Men represent 93% of political leaders (heads of state or heads of government) in the world;7 88% of U.S. State Governors are men; 88% of mayors of U.S. major cities are male; 8 in Europe, 66% of members of National Supreme Courts are men;9 LEAP 3 (2015) A Blatant Case of Over-Accommodation1 VA L E R I A OT TON E L L I Genova University Abstract Van Parijs asks whether the fact that men engage in regrettable behavior at much higher rates than women could be seen as a “handicap” due to their hormonal set-up, and therefore as a dimension of gender inequality to men’s disadvantage.
    keywords: accommodation; affected; aggressive; assumptions; behavior; blatant; careless; case; causes; central; character; competitive; constitution; course; dangerous; disabilities; disability; disadvantage; discussion; equality; europe; example; fact; february; gender; handicap; hat; high; higher; hormonal; hormones; http://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/leadership-and-political-participation/facts; incarceration; injustice; ions; journal; leap; levels; likely; majority; male; medical; men; notion; order; ottonelli; parijs; people; physical; political; press; prone; puzzle; rates; resources; risk; sexual; social; society; taking; terms; testosterone; trait; unempathetic; university; unwarranted; valeria; van; van parijs; violence; welfare; western; women; world
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        item: #33 of 83
          id: leap-313511
      author: Schouten, Gina
       title: Are Unequal Incarceration Rates Unjust to Men?
        date: 2015
       words: 7442
      flesch: 58
     summary: Second, t here is ev idence t hat men increasingly do prefer gender ega l ita r ia n pa r t nersh ips a nd a la rger sha re of ca reg iv Just as many women would have been better off with more opportunities for stimulation and esteem in the world of paid work, many men would have been better off with more opportunities for the intimacy and fulfillment that caregiving 145
    keywords: ante; better; caregiving; choice; contingencies; costly; costs; crime; criminality; differences; disadvantage; division; education; effects; elevated; endowment; ethics; fact; female; gender; gendered; genetic; gina; goods; greater; harmful; harms; heir; higher; incarceration; incommensurable; inequalities; inequality; inf; injustice; intuition; labor; leap; life; likelier; likelihood; likely; male; men; natural; norms; oxford; parijs; point; press; propensity; prospects; puzzle; question; rates; reasons; reform; relevant; response; role; schouten; share; social; terms; unchosen; unequal; university; unjust; urgency; urgent; victims; violence; violent; way; women; work; worse
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        item: #34 of 83
          id: leap-313512
      author: De Miguel, Ana
       title: The Rich also Cry
        date: 2015
       words: 4651
      flesch: 63
     summary: He tries to describe some possible advantages women have compared to men and comes up with these: women outlive the men they look after; women earn less but study more; women have less political representation but vote more; women are the victims of crime rather than the perpetrators; and women tend to be those whose body is sold, rather than the client or pimp (Van Parijs 2015). Wow, men must be really envious!
    keywords: alleged; ana; audience; brothels; cause; class; desire; fact; female; feminists; focus; gender; girls; greedier; handicap; handicapped; help; ill; itch; ith; kahn; leap; libido; life; losses; maid; male; man; men; miguel; naked; need; paper; parijs; pateman; people; philippe; philosopher; pity; poor; preference; problem; prostitutes; prostitution; rape; relief; reputation; rich; sex; sexual; strauss; super; thing; thinking; thirst; understanding; van; van parijs; way; weakness; women; world; young
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        item: #35 of 83
          id: leap-313513
      author: Van Parijs, Philippe
       title: Real Freedom for all Women (and Men): A Reply
        date: 2015
       words: 7327
      flesch: 57
     summary: con st it ute i ncom men su r able for m s of injust ice, a nd if a n unjust inequa lit y develops in favor of women, t his would not reduce but further worsen gender injustice. Above all, it questions the very idea of discussing issues of gender and justice in terms of “gender justice,” i.e., of justice between two categories of human beings.
    keywords: advantage; average; basic; behavior; better; care; casal; case; categorical; categories; challenge; comments; conception; consequences; cost; demands; difference; disadvantage; discussion; distinction; dworkinian; education; example; expectancy; favor; female; form; freedom; gap; gender; gender justice; genuine; good; greater; hat; health; higher; human; incarceration; income; inequalities; inequality; ing; injustice; interests; issues; justice; leap; level; life; longer; longevity; majority; male; man; miguel; mora; need; order; parijs; particular; pattern; philippe; point; political; power; preference; pro; public; puzzles; question; real; real freedom; response; schouten; sense; social; social justice; sort; specific; terms; time; unconditional; unjust; way; women; years
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        item: #36 of 83
          id: leap-313514
      author: Williams, Andrew
       title: Family Values: An Introduction
        date: 2015
       words: 518
      flesch: 45
     summary: In recent years, some of the most notable contributions to the emerging debate have arisen v ia joint work by Harr y Brighouse and Adam Sw ift, leading eventually to the publication of their book, Family Values: The Ethics of Parent-Child Relationships (Brighouse and Swift, 2014). LEAP 3 (2016) Family Values: An Introduction ANdREw wILLIAmS ICREA & Universitat Pompeu Fabra
    keywords: account; brighouse; family; inf; institutions; interests; leap; luence; political; role; swift; values
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        item: #37 of 83
          id: leap-313515
      author: Stroud, Sarah
       title: Egalitarian Family Values?
        date: 2015
       words: 6541
      flesch: 60
     summary: Brighouse and Swift endorse the concern but think that the great value of family relationship goods is nonetheless sufficient to vindicate the existence of the family. Brighouse and Swift thus seem overly optimistic when they say early on that they will “offer an account of ‘family values properly understood’ … that mitigates—massively mitigates—the conf lict with equality” (2014: 4; added emphasis).
    keywords: action; adults; argument; bequeath; bequests; brighouse; case; certain; child; child relationship; children; consequentialist; desirable; distinctive; distribution; egalitarian; equality; ethics; existence; fair; familial; families; family; family values; goods; great; important; interests; intrinsic; issue; justification; kind; leap; life; love; moral; need; new; objection; opportunity; oxford; parental; parenting; parents; particular; people; place; possible; privileges; prohibit; putative; question; realization; reason; relationship; rights; sarah; set; significant; stroud; swift; thing; valuable; values; way; wealth; world
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        item: #38 of 83
          id: leap-313516
      author: Gheaus, Anca
       title: Is There a Right to Parent?
        date: 2015
       words: 5869
      flesch: 57
     summary: According to their dual-interest account, adults’ interest in parenting plays a role in explaining why less than optimal parents can exercise legitimate authority over children. Keywords: parents, children, right to parent One of the main questions to which Family Values offers an answer is how to just if y t he fa mi ly g iven
    keywords: account; adequate; adults; anca; appeal; arrangements; authoritative; authority; best; brighouse; case; challenge; childrearing; children; close; combination; contribution; control; defense; development; different; duty; fact; family; features; flourishing; fundamental; gheaus; good; hat; individuals; interest; intimacy; intimate; leap; legitimate; liberal; life; like; lives; moral; parent; parental; parenting; particular; people; possible; power; powerful; raising; reason; refugees; relationship; responsibility; right; swift; time; unique; value; way; willing
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        item: #39 of 83
          id: leap-313517
      author: Ferracioli, Luara
       title: Why the Family?
        date: 2015
       words: 7440
      flesch: 52
     summary: In order to explain why it is good for adults to parent children even when children could conceivably fare better under alternative arrangements, we need to say something about the interest parents have in playing their own role in the relationship. An alternative to both these views is the “dual-interest” account of child rearing.5
    keywords: account; adults; authority; autonomous; autonomy; basic; brighouse; capable; caring; child; child relationship; childhood; children; claim; competent; context; continuity; desideratum; discussion; disposition; dual; exercise; fact; family; ferracioli; fiduciary; good; ground; hat; interest; interest account; intimate; justification; leap; liberal; life; lives; love; loving; luara; mode; need; non; parent; parental; parenting; particular; paternalism; public; question; relationship; right; robust; role; section; skills; sort; special; state; swift; theory; true; university; valuable; value
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        item: #40 of 83
          id: leap-313518
      author: Brighouse, Harry; Swift, Adam
       title: Advantage, Authority, Autonomy and Continuity: A Response to Ferracioli, Gheaus and Stroud
        date: 2015
       words: 10743
      flesch: 56
     summary: According to Stroud (2016: 184), “there is no issue facing us as a society, to be settled collectively, about how to bring up children: there are only individual adults who want to parent children”. The mere fact that individual adults want to parent children is not sufficient to establish the moral propriety of their doing so.
    keywords: account; adam; adulthood; adults; advantage; approach; arrangements; authority; autonomy; best; better; brighouse; case; challenge; child relationship; childhood; childrearing; children; circumstances; claim; considerations; content; continuity; control; different; distributive; dual; equality; ethics; exercise; fact; fair; familial; family; ferracioli; fiduciary; future; game; general; gheaus; good; harry; hat; important; interactions; interests; justification; kind; leap; liberal; life; lives; moral; need; non; opportunity; parental; parented; parenting; parents; particular; people; possible; question; raising; refugees; relationship; relevant; response; right; role; second; socializing; specific; stroud; swift; terms; theory; things; valuable; value; view; way; ways; world; wrong
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        item: #41 of 83
          id: leap-313606
      author: , 
       title: Whole number (3)
        date: 2015
       words: 111175
      flesch: 56
     summary: First, t hat women form a potential majority in all constituencies with universal suffrage where they enjoy longer life expectancy. “hormona l inequa lit y” is t he claim t hat men are handicapped by possessing more hormones linked to undesirable behaviors such as those involving imprudence or aggression.
    keywords: absence; abstract; access; accommodation; account; acting; action; activities; adam; additional; adequate; adulthood; adults; advantage; affairs; aggressive; aggressor; alive; alleged; alternative; answer; appeal; appealing; approach; appropriate; argue; argument; argumentative; arrangements; aspect; assumption; attempt; attention; attractive; audience; authority; authors; autonomous; autonomy; available; average; background; bad; badness; balance; basic; behavior; beings; believe; benefit; best; better; bibliography; biological; birth; blumenson; blumenson leap; bob; body; books; brief; brighouse; calculations; cambridge; capable; capacity; care; careers; caregiving; caring; casal; case; causes; central; certain; chain; challenge; chance; character; child relationship; childhood; childrearing; children; choice; circumstances; citizens; claim; clear; close; comments; committed; common; comparative; compatible; compensation; compensatory; competent; complex; conception; concerned; concerns; conclusion; condition; confidence; consequences; consequentialist; considerations; considered; constitution; constraint; context; contingent; continued; continuity; contrary; contrast; contribution; control; controversial; core; correct; cost; costly; counter; countries; country; course; crime; criminal; criminality; critics; cultural; current; dangerous; deal; death; debate; decisions; defense; defensive; degree; demands; democracy; democratic; desert; desideratum; desirable; desire; deterrence; developed; development; differences; different; difficult; dimensions; direct; disabilities; disadvantage; discrimination; discussion; disposition; distinctive; distributive; division; domestic; domination; doubt; duties; duty; duty view; dworkin; earlier; early; earth; easy; economic; educated; education; effective; effects; efforts; egalitarian; elderly; elections; electoral; element; emphasis; empirical; endorse; ends; engage; eric; essential; ethics; european; ex t; example; exercise; existence; exit; expectancy; experience; explanation; exploitation; extent; extinction; extra; fabra; face; fact; factors; fair; false; familial; families; family; family values; far; favor; features; february; female; feminists; ferracioli; ferzan; fiduciary; final; flourishing; focus; following; force; forfeiture; form; freedom; fundamental; future; game; gap; gender; gender equality; gender inequality; gender justice; gendered; general; generations; generis; genetic; gheaus; gina; giving; good; grateful; greater; grounds; group; handicap; handicapped; hard; harder; harm; harmful; harry; harvard; health; help; hen; high; higher; highest; history; home; hope; hormonal; hormones; human; humanity; ia l; idea; iii; ill; imbalance; impact; impartial; impersonal; implications; important; incarceration; income; increase; independent; individuals; inequalities; inequality; inf; ing; injustice; innocent; instance; institutions; interactions; interesting; interests; intimacy; intimate; intrinsic; introduction; intuition; intuitive; issues; ith; jesús; job; jobs; john; journal; justice; justification; kahn; kekes; key; keywords; kind; know; l l; l ly; l t; labor; lack; large; later; law; ld t; lead; leadership; leap; legal; legitimate; level; liability; liable; liberal; lict; life; lifestyles; lifetime; like; likelier; likelihood; likely; limited; limits; little; lives; longer; longevity; look; loss; louvain; love; loving; luara; luence; main; majority; making; males; matter; maximum; mcmahan; means; medical; members; men; men women; mere; michael; miguel; mind; minority; missing; monetary; money; moral; n t; natural; nature; nd t; necessary; need; negative; new; ng t; non; normative; norms; note; nozick; number; objection; obligation; obvious; offender; offer; offspring; opportunities; opportunity; options; order; original; ottonelli; outcome; outside; overall; oxford; paper; parent; parent children; parental; parented; parenting; parijs; parijs leap; participation; particular; parties; partner; pateman; paternalism; paula; pay; people; period; permissible; person; perspective; philippe; philosophers; philosophical; philosophy; physical; picture; piece; pill; place; plausibility; plausible; play; playing; point; policies; policy; political; politics; pompeu; poor; population; position; positive; possibility; possible; potential; poverty; power; powerful; preferable; preference; present; press; previous; prima; princeton; principle; prison; privileges; problem; problematic; process; progress; propensity; prospects; prostitutes; prostitution; protection; provide; public; punishing; punishment; putative; puzzles; qualified; question; r t; r y; raising; rates; rationale; rawls; reach; real; reason; reasoning; recent; refugees; regard; relationship; relative; relevant; remedy; rents; reply; repugnant; required; resources; respect; response; responsibility; responsible; result; retributivism; return; review; rich; right; risk; robust; role; rom; s t; sake; satisfied; scanlon; scenarios; school; schouten; scope; second; section; secure; self; sense; separate; services; set; sex; sexual; shou; significant; silva; similar; simple; situation; skills; small; smaller; social; socialization; societies; society; sort; special; species; specific; standard; start; state; status; step; strauss; strong; stroud; studies; subject; substantial; successful; suffering; sufficient; suggestion; sui; support; sure; swift; swift leap; system; t hat; t heir; t hem; t hese; t ia; t icu; t ion; t t; tadros; tadros leap; task; tax; tendency; terms; testosterone; theories; theorists; theory; thing; thinking; thought; threat; threshold; time; today; total; trait; treatment; true; truth; turnout; unchosen; unconditional; understanding; unequal; unfair; unique; united; university; university press; unjust; unlikely; urgent; useful; utility; valuable; value; van; van parijs; vandamme; version; victim; victor; view; violence; violent; virtue; vote; voting; vulnerable; w ith; way; ways; weighty; welfare; williams; willing; women; words; work; workplace; world; worry; worse; worth; wou; wrong; wrongdoer; wrongdoing; wrongful; y t; years; york; young; younger
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        item: #42 of 83
          id: leap-321399
      author: Davis, Ryan W.
       title: Which Moral Requiriments Does Constituvism Support?
        date: 2016
       words: 10930
      flesch: 55
     summary: 192).5 In any case, once we grant that ideal agents finally desire to not interfere with and to help other agents, then we can quickly see that they have reasons to do the same. I acknowledge as much; it is important that the case I describe here could not arise among ideal agents.
    keywords: account; action; agent; attitudes; belief; better; cambridge; capacities; capacity; case; choice; coherence; coherent; concern; conf; constitutivist; davis; desires; dominant; drug; duties; ethics; example; exercise; final; future; helping; ideal; ideal agent; interference; interfering; judgment; kind; leap; lict; likely; moral; moral requirements; morality; non; obligated; obligations; oxford; philosophical; philosophy; possible; press; psychology; question; rational; rational capacities; reasons; relative; requirements; respect; robustly; ryan; self; set; smith; standard; story; support; university; user; version; way; world
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        item: #43 of 83
          id: leap-321400
      author: Guelke, John; Sorell, Tom
       title: Violations of privacy and law : The case of Stalking
        date: 2016
       words: 13662
      flesch: 50
     summary: If mental vulnerability is prolonged in time, as often occurs in stalking cases, the harm caused is proportionally greater. What is missing in many cases of harassment but present in nearly all cases of stalking is the wish on the part of the harassers to be permanently 23 http://w w w.cps.gov.uk/legal/s_to_u/stalking_and_harassment/#a02a 24 Sometimes in stalking cases additional people will assist the stalker —see for example Fine (1997) —but this is exceptional.
    keywords: access; account; acquaintance; activity; agent; alarm; american; associated; attempt; attention; autonomy; behavior; bodily; body; case; category; close; common; conduct; contact; control; core; course; crime; davis; deep; deliberation; different; distress; dynamics; example; exposure; family; fear; feminist; fine; following; form; gender; guelke; harassment; harm; home; home space; human; individual; information; interest; intimacy; intrusion; invasion; john; kind; law; laws; leap; legislation; life; likely; meloy; mental; mind; moral; mullen; need; new; non; obsessive; offense; people; persistent; person; personal; personality; physical; place; point; political; power; presence; press; prior; privacy; private; protection; psychological; public; pursuit; range; rape; ref; relationship; review; right; romantic; section; self; sense; set; sexual; social; sorell.indd; space; stalker; stalking; stasi; state; surveillance; target; threat; tom; university; unwanted; value; victim; violations; violence; violent; way; women; wrong; zones
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        item: #44 of 83
          id: leap-321401
      author: Ryberg, Jesper
       title: Compulsory Medication, Trial Competence, and Penal Theory
        date: 2016
       words: 10335
      flesch: 42
     summary: In this article it is argued that the reason that has constituted the main argument in favor of forcible medication of defendants —namely, that the state has an essential interest in convicting and sentencing defendants who are guilty of crime —is not as strong as has been assumed and may even, under certain conditions, speak against the use of forcible medication of trial incompetent defendants. Be that as it may, let us now start take a closer view on the arguments that have been advanced for and against forcible medication of trial incompetent defendants.
    keywords: acceptable; answer; approach; argument; bringing; case; clear; competence; compulsory; conditions; considerations; correct; court; crime; criminal; defendants; different; discussion; e.g.; effect; fact; favor; forcible; forcible medication; general; ill; incompetent; incompetent defendants; instance; interest; jesper; justice; law; leap; medical; medication; mental; moral; non; number; objection; obvious; order; overpunishment; penal; people; perspective; point; prevention; proportionate; psychotropic; punishing; punishment; question; reasons; regard; retributivist; ryberg.indd; sell; state; strong; suffering; terms; theoretical; theory; treatment; trial; trial competence; trial incompetent; use; utilitarian; view; way
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        item: #45 of 83
          id: leap-321403
      author: Blake, Michael; Brock, Gillian
       title: Justice, Fairness, and the Brain Drain
        date: 2016
       words: 1554
      flesch: 53
     summary: Such emigration also represents a regressive transfer of wealth, as those educated by an impoverished society frequently use that education to benefit the more well-off. The effects of such emigration may also undermine those institutions that are necessary for the administration of justice.
    keywords: blake; brain; brock; emigration; exit; form; global; inequality; injustice; justice; malawi; medical; particular; people; policies; professionals; question; right; states; unjust; world
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        item: #46 of 83
          id: leap-321404
      author: Oberman, Kieran
       title: Emigration in a Time of Cholera: Freedom, Brain Drain, and Human Rights
        date: 2016
       words: 9283
      flesch: 60
     summary: Rather it involves recognizing that the right is sometimes in tension with other human rights, such as the right to health. Keywords: emigration, immigration, freedom, brain drain, human rights, Michael Blake, Gillian Brock.
    keywords: absolute; article; attachments; basic; benefit; blake; brain; brock; case; cholera; coercion; compensation; compulsory; conditions; costs; countries; country; curtailment; duty; efficacy; emergency; emigration; emigration restrictions; fact; freedom; governments; group; human; human rights; important; interest; international; justification; justified; kieran; law; leap; life; necessity; need; oberman; options; party; people; person; poor; poverty; problem; programs; proportionality; relationships; restrictions; rich; right; section; service; severe; skilled; states; time; violation; workers; world
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        item: #47 of 83
          id: leap-321405
      author: Kollar, Eszter
       title: The Distinction Between Taxation and Public Service in the Debate on Emigration
        date: 2016
       words: 4343
      flesch: 53
     summary: 03 Kollar.indd The Distinction Between Taxation and Public Service in the Debate on Emigration1 E SZ T E R KOL L A R Goethe University Frankfurt AbSTRAcT Are taxation and public service requirement for prospective emigrants justifiable in a liberal state? By contrast, Blake thinks that public service is impermissible, and only justified under emergency conditions when the liberal state itself is under threat.
    keywords: account; benefits; blake; brock; conditions; cooperation; distinction; drain; emergency; emigrants; emigration; extreme; fabre; fair; idea; justice; justification; kollar; labor; leap; liberal; life; medical; moral; need; normative; obligations; persons; plans; public; public service; reciprocity; requirement; resources; right; service; skills; social; state; talents; taxation; terms; use; way
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        item: #48 of 83
          id: leap-321406
      author: Rapoport, Hillel
       title: Who is Afraid of the Brain Drain? A Development Economist's View
        date: 2016
       words: 5963
      flesch: 50
     summary: The main cross-country study is a paper I have co-authored with Michel Beine and Frederic Docquier (2008).3 We proceed in two steps: we first estimate the elasticity of human capital to skilled emigration, measuring how emigration prospects for the highly-skilled affect gross human capital formation in home countries, controlling for past human capital levels and a series of country-characteristics. I posit that there are dynamic and long-term effects of high skilled emigration that work through indirect channels to benefit the countries of origin, for instance through international trade and investment, social remittances, and incentive schemes for the ones left behind.
    keywords: afraid; brain; brain drain; british; brock; cake; capital; case; certain; countries; country; development; diffusion; docquier; economic; economist; economy; educated; education; effect; emigration; ethnic; evidence; example; experience; fact; following; formation; forthcoming; gain; global; high; higher; hillel; home; human; human capital; incentive; income; international; journal; leap; literature; losses; migrants; origin; people; percent; policy; political; prospects; rapoport; remittances; restrictions; review; skilled; stock; studies; terms; trade; university; variable; view; wage; workers; world
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        item: #49 of 83
          id: leap-321407
      author: Carens, Joseph H.
       title: Expanding the Brain Drain Debate
        date: 2016
       words: 6431
      flesch: 58
     summary: From that perspective, most people from poor states don’t have a moral claim to entry into rich states, whether they are talented and skilled or not, and rich states thus do no wrong in excluding them. So, the key question is whether, under those circumstances, restrictions on immigration by rich states would be morally permissible, or perhaps even morally obligatory, if the restrictions helped to contribute to a reduction in emigration that would be beneficial to poor states.
    keywords: acceptable; admission; blake; book; brain drain; brock; carens; citizens; debate; discussion; drain; duties; duty; emigration; entry; exit; focus; global; human; important; interests; justice; leap; legal; medical; moral; people; permissible; personnel; policies; policy; poor; poor states; problem; question; respect; restrictions; rich; rich states; right; skilled; social; states; training; use; view; way
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        item: #50 of 83
          id: leap-321408
      author: Blake, Michael
       title: Ethics, Politics, and Emigration
        date: 2016
       words: 7482
      flesch: 60
     summary: This is why, for me, Fabré’s argument 5 I would note, in passing, that the libertarian view would include both money and the body as subject to this sort of pre-political right; Robert Nozick’s vision of the minimal state is produced precisely from the conviction that people have natural rights both to the body and to what that body acquires through labor and transfer. We do not simply appeal to altruism and moral duty in the course of seeking justification for inequality.
    keywords: blake; body; brain; carens; coercion; coercive; collective; course; distinct; duties; duty; emigration; end; ethical; ethics; forms; great; instance; institutions; justice; justification; kollar; labor; law; leap; life; love; making; migrants; money; moral; oberman; particular; people; permissible; point; policy; political; politics; problem; question; rawls; reason; reference; right; self; social; society; sort; state; subject; thought; use; view; way; world; wrong
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        item: #51 of 83
          id: leap-321409
      author: Brock, Gillian
       title: Responsabilities in an Unjust World: A Reply to Carens, Kollar, Oberman, and Rapoport
        date: 2016
       words: 9369
      flesch: 53
     summary: In particular, I argue that carefully crafted compulsory service and taxation programs may permissibly be used by such states under certain conditions. In the last section I have argued why developing countries may make use of carefully crafted programs that incentivize or require such service, such as all of (CS1)-(CS5) discussed in the previous section.
    keywords: argument; basic; brain; brock; carens; case; certain; citizens; community; compulsory; conditions; contributions; core; countries; country; decent; development; docquier; duties; economic; education; effects; empirical; evidence; fair; focus; gillian; high; human; important; institutions; issues; justice; kollar; leap; liberal; liberties; liberty; losses; medical; migration; moral; needs; oberman; origin; particular; people; play; policies; political; poor; press; problems; programs; question; rapoport; rawls; relevant; reply; responsibilities; restrictions; rights; section; service; skilled; skills; social; states; sufficient; taxation; terms; training; university; unjust; use; view; ways; world; year
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        item: #52 of 83
          id: leap-321412
      author: Martí, José Luis
       title: Symposium on Thomas Christiano's Views on the Legitimacy of the International Order
        date: 2016
       words: 1183
      flesch: 35
     summary: 0 Introducción.indd Symposium on Thomas Christiano’s Views on the Legitimacy of the International Order JOSÉ LU IS M A RT Í Pompeu Fabra University Thomas Christiano, one of the more prominent democratic theorists today (Christiano 1996, 2007), is developing some of the most refined and inf luential normative views on the legitimacy of global institutions and international law (Christiano 2006, 2010, 2011a, 2011b, 2012, 2013), with contributions to more specific issues like immigration (Christiano 2008b, 2017) and climate change (Christiano 2015), among others. C. Holder and D. Reidy, 301–325, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. —2012: “The Legitimacy of International Institutions”, in Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Law, ed.
    keywords: blake; cambridge; christiano; democracy; democratic; global; immigration; institutions; international; justice; law; lef; legitimacy; order; oxford; philosophy; press; states; symposium; university
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        item: #53 of 83
          id: leap-321413
      author: Álvarez, David
       title: Democratic Legitimacy, International Institutions and Cosmopolitan Disaggregation
        date: 2016
       words: 4823
      flesch: 26
     summary: Global duties related to subsidiary responsibilities regarding basic human rights and development belong to the proto-constitutional architecture of global legitimacy. But if we agree that global duties constitute external standards of legitimacy, then representative systems that are intrinsically biased against the fulfillment of these obligations cannot be fully legitimate.
    keywords: affected; alvarez.indd; authority; case; change; christiano; citizens; claims; climate; common; conception; conditions; consent; cooperation; cosmopolitan; david; deliberation; democracy; democratic; democratic legitimacy; domestic; duties; equality; external; fair; fda; global; goals; individuals; institutions; instrumental; interests; international; international institutions; international legitimacy; intrinsic; justice; leap; legitimacy; limits; making; members; model; moral; order; political; public; public equality; realization; ref; representative; scope; self; stakes; standards; state; state consent; system; value; voluntary; way; world; álvarez
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        item: #54 of 83
          id: leap-321414
      author: Lefkowitz, David
       title: Democracy, Legitimacy, and Global Governance
        date: 2016
       words: 5680
      flesch: 39
     summary: For Christiano law is fully (and inherently) legitimate if and only if it is the product of a law- making process that satisfies the principle of public equality: specifically, a democratic decision-making process in the case of a common world, and free and fair agreement where submission to a common rule is morally optional. International law and institutions can enjoy some legitimacy on instrumental grounds, however, even if they are neither democratic nor the product of agreement in free and fair conditions.
    keywords: act; agents; argument; authority; christiano; cognitive; common; complex; conditions; democracy; democratic; duty; equal; fda; fundamental; global; global democracy; global governance; governance; greater; individuals; institutions; interests; international; international law; judgment; justice; law; leap; legal; legitimacy; likely; moral; order; political; public; question; reason; rules; set; standard; states; subjects; valentini; world
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        item: #55 of 83
          id: leap-321415
      author: Blake, Michael
       title: Migration, Legitimacy, and International Society : A Reply to Thomas Christiano
        date: 2016
       words: 3813
      flesch: 52
     summary: I think this isn’t right – or, rather, that it isn’t quite right; treaties and collective decision-making can be useful tools, and perhaps correctives to the blindness of individual states, but they are no more than that. On my view, we need not think that multilateral institutions are the rightful home for legitimate policy; individual states have more freedom, to define and pursue their goals, than that.
    keywords: agent; authority; best; bodies; christiano; club; collective; course; democracies; democratic; dialogue; duties; duty; existing; global; good; individual; institutions; international; leap; legitimacy; like; likely; means; migration; moral; particular; pre; reason; right; sierra; society; states; true; united; view; world
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        item: #56 of 83
          id: leap-321417
      author: Christiano, Thomas
       title: Replies to David Álvarez, David Lefkowitz, and Michael Blake
        date: 2016
       words: 7383
      flesch: 50
     summary: So developing states normally have a significant deficit of power relative to developed states. If we think that part of the explanation for why citizens care about other distant fellow citizens is that they are forced to deal with them in a democratic system, the same may hold between persons of wealthy states and those of developing states when developed states are required to deal with developing states in a fairer way.
    keywords: aims; alvarez; authority; basic; blake; christiano; citizens; community; consent; cooperation; cosmopolitan; countries; david; decision; democratic; development; different; disagreement; global; good; important; institutions; interests; international; international community; international political; international system; justice; kind; leap; making; mandatory; mandatory aims; members; michael; moral; order; persons; political; political community; political system; poverty; power; process; pursuit; reasonable; reasons; refusal; replies; requirement; set; significant; societies; society; states; system; trade; way; world
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        item: #57 of 83
          id: leap-338376
      author: Doucet, Mathieu
       title: Just Say No (For Now): The Ethics of Illegal Drug Use
        date: 2017
       words: 9496
      flesch: 52
     summary: Second, the unequal ways in which drug laws are enforced make drug use by many an unethical exercise of privilege. In fact, drug laws turn out to represent an interesting exception case within the broader debate about this obligation, and I argue that it is the very injustice of the law that generates the reasons not to violate it.
    keywords: african; alcohol; americans; argument; cambridge; civil; clothing; conditions; consumer; costs; crime; criminal; democratic; disobedience; doucet; drug; drug laws; drug prohibition; drug trade; drug use; enforcement; ethics; example; existence; exploitative; fact; garment; general; harms; health; illegal; illegal drug; important; incarceration; independent; injustice; institutions; laws; leap; legalization; likely; majority; marijuana; mathieu; moral; moral reasons; obligation; people; policy; privilege; production; prohibition; public; reasons; recreational; responsible; result; second; significant; social; state; strong; trade; unethical; university; unjust; url; use; users; violence; violent; war; way; ways; white; workers
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        item: #58 of 83
          id: leap-338412
      author: PARR, TOM
       title: Symposium on Julie Rose’s Free Time: An Introduction
        date: 2017
       words: 722
      flesch: 57
     summary: This Symposium brings together a series of thought-provoking papers that explore Rose’s arguments in further detail in order to advance the debate around the equitable distribution of free time, as well as a range of related issues. Jeppe von Platz attempts to expose a serious ambiguity in Rose’s arguments: either she relies on a “vacuous notion of fairness” or, contrary to what Rose claims to have established, what citizens can claim is merely an adequate share of free time.
    keywords: citizens; fair; free; introduction; julie; leap; parr; rose; share; symposium; time; tom
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        item: #59 of 83
          id: leap-338413
      author: ROSE, JULIE L.
       title: A Précis of Free Time
        date: 2017
       words: 1862
      flesch: 56
     summary: Access to shared free time may be realized by providing citizens with vast amounts of free time, greater work schedule flexibility, or a common period of free time. ROSE Dartmouth College Every citizen is entitled, as a matter of justice, to a fair share of free time.
    keywords: argument; basic; cambridge; citizens; claims; core; effective; fair; free; free time; freedoms; good; hours; justice; liberal; means; needs; press; principle; resource; theories; time; use; work
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        item: #60 of 83
          id: leap-338414
      author: GOODIN, ROBERT E.
       title: Freeing Up Time
        date: 2017
       words: 4133
      flesch: 64
     summary: Keywords: discretionary time; free time; temporal autonomy 1. In the US, people in childless dual- earner households have around 94 hours per week of discretionary time, 7 As Rose (2016: 46-7; cf. 87) acknowledges, in order for it to play a role in a public theory of justice, we need a concept of free time such that it is possible to reliably and verifiably know whether an individual possesses a given amount of it or not.
    keywords: activities; autonomy; basic; cambridge; care; child; children; choice; common; control; discretionary; equality; free; goodin; health; hours; household; important; income; labor; leap; life; measure; necessary; parents; people; policies; policy; poverty; press; public; rose; social; society; standard; tasks; temporal; time; university; use; way; welfare; work
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        item: #61 of 83
          id: leap-338415
      author: VON PLATZ, JEPPE
       title: Free Time, Freedom, and Fairness
        date: 2017
       words: 6384
      flesch: 56
     summary: Free time is a subject of justice; it has been neglected by political philosophy, and all citizens have a claim to free time. Free time is of concern to justice, both because free time is necessary for exercising basic liberties and because free time is an all-purpose means.3
    keywords: argument; basic; benefits; burdens; citizens; claim; conclusion; cooperative; cooperative fairness; distributive; economic; effective; enabling; exercise; fair; fair share; fairness; free; free time; freedoms; freedoms principle; general; justice; leap; legitimate; liberties; means; notion; principle; purpose; resources; rose; share; social; subject; time; work
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        item: #62 of 83
          id: leap-338416
      author: STANCZYK, LUCAS
       title: Free Time and Economic Class
        date: 2017
       words: 5754
      flesch: 56
     summary: , Julie Rose argues that all citizens must be understood to have a claim to a fair share of free time. In the first part of this essay, I outline Rose’s theory of free time and explain why her discussion should be regarded as an important advance on existing thinking about the requirements of liberal egalitarian justice.
    keywords: able; aff; basic; claim; class; conception; day; different; distributive; economic; fair; fair share; free; free time; harried; heiress; hours; income; justice; law; leap; liberal; long; luent; needs; number; order; overtime; people; person; policy; professionals; reason; regulations; rose; second; share; time; use; wealth; work; workers; working
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        item: #63 of 83
          id: leap-338417
      author: TERLAZZO, ROSA
       title: Entitlement and Free Time
        date: 2017
       words: 6559
      flesch: 48
     summary: But remember, my aim here is modest: I simply aim to use Rose’s framework to give an initial account of whether some other good – that is, a sense of moral entitlement – might, like free time, both prove necessary to guarantee effective freedom of basic liberties, and meet the criteria for being a resource distributable by a liberal egalitarian state. W hile fostering an early 96 Rosa Terlazzo LEAP 5 (2017) sense of moral entitlement does not then guarantee effective freedom to exercise basic liberties throughout the course of a lifetime, it both allows citizens to adopt a wide variety of comprehensive doctrines in adulthood, and makes more provisional the internal obstacles to effective freedom that those doctrines might include.
    keywords: basic; basic liberties; citizens; conceptions; count; criteria; distribution; effective; egalitarian; entitlement; exercise; feasibility; free; free time; freedom; good; harvey; inequalities; irma; justice; leap; liberal; liberties; life; lives; means; moral; moral entitlement; neutrality; obstacle; order; person; political; principle; publicity; purpose; resource; rose; second; self; sense; set; social; state; time; use; way; wealth
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        item: #64 of 83
          id: leap-338418
      author: LIM, DESIREE
       title: Domination and the (Instrumental) Case for Free Time
        date: 2017
       words: 7565
      flesch: 44
     summary: I claim that, unlike liberal egalitarians like Julie Rose, who can make a straightforward case for free time, republicans’ theoretical commitments make it more appropriate for them to throw their weight behind a portion of time specially allotted for political activity. As a consequence, setting aside a window of time specially devoted to political activities, rather than free time in itself, is more consistent with the republican project.
    keywords: activities; activity; arbitrary; argument; capacity; case; checking; citizens; civic; conditions; consuming; contestation; decisions; desiree; distribution; domination; egalitarian; employers; engagement; example; exercise; exit; fair; free time; freedom; gourevitch; important; instrumental; interests; interference; justification; labor; leap; liberal; likely; lim; making; mechanisms; necessary; need; non; order; organizations; participation; people; personal; pettit; political; power; processes; reasons; relationship; republican; republicanism; right; rose; section; shares; state; students; subjects; sufficient; time; union; university; use; view; workers; workplace
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        item: #65 of 83
          id: leap-338419
      author: ROSE, JULIE L.
       title: Justice and the Resource of Time: a Reply to Goodin, Terlazzo, von Platz, Stanczyk, and Lim
        date: 2017
       words: 8039
      flesch: 54
     summary: In addition, a society can realize a just distribution of time by ensuring that citizens have access to free time (e.g. counteracting overemployment, see Rose 2016: 60, 78–81, 138–40), and entitling citizens to a greater portion of a society’s aggregate available free time, even if at the cost of lower rates of economic growth (Rose 2016: 128–34). I am grateful for their thoughtful comments which, drawing on their own work and the book, broaden and advance the discussion of free time as a matter of justice in new and fruitful directions.
    keywords: approach; argument; basic; case; circumstances; citizens; claims; conception; conditions; conf; distributive; effective; effective use; entitlement; equal; exercise; fair; free citizens; free time; freedoms; goodin; grounds; hours; instance; julie; justice; leap; liberties; lict; lim; long; necessary; necessary time; needs; new; occupational; opportunities; people; pettit; platz; political; press; principle; professionals; protections; question; reply; republican; resource; response; rose; second; set; shares; social; society; stanczyk; terlazzo; theories; theory; university; use; von; von platz; ways; wealth; work
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        item: #66 of 83
          id: leap-338420
      author: AXELSEN, DAVID V.; NIELSEN, LASSE; VANDAMME, PIERRE-ÉTIENNE
       title: Introduction
        date: 2017
       words: 2691
      flesch: 53
     summary: As Huseby argues, there are several formulations concerning the threshold of sufficient autonomy in Shields’ book, and not all of them point in the same direction. Danielle Zwarthoed also discusses the principle of sufficient autonomy, yet in relation with Shields’ views on education.
    keywords: autonomy; axelsen; better; casal; child; equality; freedom; inequalities; interests; justice; leap; nielsen; objections; parents; people; pierre; press; principle; priority; reasons; shields; shift; sufficiency; sufficientarianism; thesis; threshold; university; upbringing; vandamme; view; étienne
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        item: #67 of 83
          id: leap-338421
      author: VANDAMME, PIERRE-ÉTIENNE
       title: Why not More Equality? Sufficientarianism and Inequalities above the Threshold
        date: 2017
       words: 5351
      flesch: 48
     summary: 15 Note that although most sufficiency principles are less demanding in terms of redistributions than their egalitarian alternatives, a responsibility insensitive principle of sufficiency (especially with a high threshold) might be very demanding as it would require frequent transfers of resources to the imprudent, for example (see Gosseries 2011: 486-487). 137 LEAP 5 (2017) Why not More Equality? I E N N E VA N DA M M E University of Louvain ABSTRACT For people starting from a presumption in favor of equality, the very idea of a sufficiency threshold where the demands of justice would stop because everyone has enough is puzzling.
    keywords: agnosticism; choice; conception; considerations; discontinuity; egalitarian; egalitarianism; equality; example; focus; gosseries; ideal; indifference; inequalities; injustice; justice; leap; luck; moral; negative; nielsen; outcome; partial; people; philosophy; political; pragmatic; press; principle; priority; reasons; residual; shields; shift; sufficiency; sufficientarianism; theory; thesis; threshold; university; vandamme; view; xelsen
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        item: #68 of 83
          id: leap-338423
      author: HUSEBY, ROBERT
       title: Sufficient Autonomy and Satiable Reasons
        date: 2017
       words: 4145
      flesch: 60
     summary: On this view, sufficient autonomy does not (necessarily) demand full autonomy, but autonomy to some degree that is deemed sufficient for some other reason. It seems then, that if the principle of sufficient autonomy is satiable (with respect to autonomy), it is likely to be so at such a high level that it is hard to detect a relevant shift.
    keywords: autonomous; autonomy; change; clear; conditions; freedom; huseby; justice; leap; level; non; options; people; person; powers; principle; reasons; relevant; satiability; satiable; shields; shift; social; sufficient; sufficient autonomy; sufficientarianism; thesis; threshold; view
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        item: #69 of 83
          id: leap-338424
      author: MILLS, CHRIS
       title: On the Limits of the Principle of Sufficient Autonomy
        date: 2017
       words: 4463
      flesch: 53
     summary: This relationship explains why it is no objection to argue that the principle of sufficient autonomy does not provide us with enough autonomy to secure freedom. He suggests that the fact that we owe sufficient autonomy to all should inform how we justify education for autonomy to groups who reject autonomy’s value, how we educate in order to facilitate the discovery and development of talents, and how we conceive of the broader requirements of fair equality of opportunity (83).
    keywords: argument; autonomous; autonomy; cambridge; capacities; coercion; conditions; constitutive; decision; defense; distributive; example; external; freedom; frustration; good; important; instrumental; interest; justice; leap; limits; non; objection; option; order; plausible; press; principle; reasons; role; shields; sufficient; sufficient autonomy; threats; true; uniform; university; value; welfarism
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        item: #70 of 83
          id: leap-338425
      author: ZWARTHOED, DANIELLE
       title: The Principle of Sufficient Autonomy and Mandatory Autonomy Education
        date: 2017
       words: 5738
      flesch: 51
     summary: This essay develops a version of the instrumental argument and argues this version can do the work of supporting mandatory autonomy education as well as the principle of sufficient autonomy, and perhaps even better (Section 2). The instrumental argument for autonomy education affirms that autonomy is good because it leads to something else, namely well-being or f lourishing.
    keywords: account; argument; autonomous; autonomy; autonomy education; capacity; case; children; communities; conception; degree; discovery; economic; education; equality; extent; fair; freedom; goals; good; implications; instrumental; justice; leap; life; mandatory; mary; members; necessary; non; opportunities; opportunity; people; person; philosophy; principle; raz; reasons; requirement; shields; social; sufficient; sufficient autonomy; sufficientarianism; talents; valid; value; version; way; zwarthoed
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        item: #71 of 83
          id: leap-338426
      author: GHEAUS, ANCA
       title: Sufficientarian Parenting Must be Child-Centered
        date: 2017
       words: 3984
      flesch: 54
     summary: I agree with Shields’ conclusion that adequate parents cannot lose custody merely because a better parent is willing to take over. This will not satisfy Shields, nor any of the dual-interest theorists who want to show that, independent of such empirical matters, adequate parents have a right to continue to parent.5 However, there is a reason why a change in custody away from adequate parents is impermissible even when the child would really be better off with extraordinarily good parents.
    keywords: account; adequate; appeal; authority; better; brighouse; cases; change; child; children; custodians; custody; dual; gheaus; good; interest; justice; leap; moral; non; opportunity; parent; parenting; relationship; right; shields; substitutable; sufficientarian; swift
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        item: #72 of 83
          id: leap-338427
      author: HARB, SIBA; AXELSEN, DAVID V.
       title: Owing Me, Owing You: Sufficiency, Demandingness, and Global Justice
        date: 2017
       words: 5334
      flesch: 51
     summary: But nothing in Sangiovanni’s account commits him to assigning higher stringency to domestic duties of justice over global duties. In this article, we f lesh out and scrutinize the main elements of Liam Shields’ considerations about global justice in his recent book, Just Enough.
    keywords: account; axelsen; basic; compatriots; considerations; content; cosmopolitan; debate; demandingness; different; dimension; distributive; domestic; duties; duty; foreigners; fulfillment; global; global justice; higher; justice; leap; miller; needs; new; obligations; positions; priority; realms; reasons; sangiovanni; shields; shift; statist; stringency; sufficiency; terms; threshold; view
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        item: #73 of 83
          id: leap-338428
      author: SHIELDS, LIAM
       title: Reply to Critics
        date: 2017
       words: 9374
      flesch: 56
     summary: This is just to say there are good reasons to be pluralist and this comes from the problems there are with monist views. D OI : 10. 310 0 9/L E A P. 2017.V 5.18 211 LEAP 5 (2017) Reply to Critics good and better than has been thought because sufficiency principles have an indispensable and extensive role in our thought.
    keywords: account; arguments; authority; autonomy; benefits; better; book; case; chapter; children; claim; compatriots; conditions; different; distributive; education; equality; example; freedom; gheaus; good; huseby; important; instrumental; interests; issue; justice; leap; moral; negative; nielsen; non; numbers; objection; opportunity; parents; particular; plausible; point; position; possible; principle; priority; reasons; reply; response; role; satiable; shields; shift; social; sufficient; sufficient autonomy; sufficientarianism; talents; thesis; threshold; vandamme; view; way
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        item: #74 of 83
          id: leap-338444
      author: , 
       title: Whole number (5)
        date: 2017
       words: 103281
      flesch: 54
     summary: In Free Time, Julie Rose argues that “justice requires that all citizens have a fair share of free time” (2016: 4; see also 1, 5, 17, 63, 68, 73, 85, 92, 128). Free time is a subject of justice; it has been neglected by political philosophy, and all citizens have a claim to free time.
    keywords: ability; able; absence; absolute; abstract; access; account; action; activities; activity; additional; adequate; advance; aff; agnostic; alcohol; alternative; americans; amounts; anderson; appeal; approach; appropriate; arbitrary; argument; authority; autonomous; autonomy; autonomy education; autonomy shields; available; axelsen; background; basic; basic liberties; basic needs; beliefs; benefits; best; better; bibliography; book; brighouse; burdens; cambridge; capacities; capacity; care; casal; case; central; certain; change; chapter; checking; children; choice; circumstances; citizens; claim; class; clear; coercion; comments; commitments; common; communities; community; compatible; compatriots; complete; conception; concern; concerned; conclusion; conditions; conf; consider; considerations; constitutive; content; contributions; control; cooperative; core; cosmopolitan; costs; course; critical; critics; custody; danielle; david; day; debate; deception; decisions; defense; degree; deliberative; demandingness; demands; democratic; development; different; dimension; discontinuity; discovery; discretionary time; discussion; distinction; distributive; distributive justice; domestic; domination; drug; drug use; duties; duty; economic; economic justice; educational; educational justice; effective; effective freedoms; effective use; egalitarian; egalitarianism; empirical; employers; enabling; ends; engagement; entitled; entitlement; equality; essay; ethics; example; exercise; existence; extent; external; fact; fair; fair equality; fair share; fairness; family; focus; following; follows; foreigners; form; formal; free citizens; free time; freedom; freedoms principle; fundamental; general; gheaus; giving; global; global justice; goals; good; goodin; gourevitch; greater; grounds; guarantee; hand; harms; harvard; harvey; help; higher; history; hours; huseby; idea; illegal; implications; important; income; indifference; individual; inequalities; informed; injustice; instance; institutions; instrumental; interest; interesting; introduction; irma; issue; job; journal; julie; justice; justification; kind; labor; lack; large; law; laws; lead; leap; leave; legitimate; level; liam; liberal; liberalism; liberties; liberty; lict; life; like; likely; limit; line; little; live; long; look; luck; luent; main; majority; making; mandatory autonomy; marijuana; mary; matter; means; measure; mechanisms; members; mills; money; moral; moral reasons; nature; necessary time; needs; negative; new; nielsen; non; norms; note; notion; number; objection; obligation; offers; open; opportunities; opportunity; options; order; oxford; paper; parenting; parents; partial; participation; particular; pay; people; person; personal; pettit; philosophical; philosophy; pierre; platz; plausible; point; policies; policy; political; position; positive; possibility; possible; potential; poverty; power; practical; practice; pragmatic; press; princeton; principle; prioritarianism; priority; problem; production; professionals; prohibition; prospects; protections; public; purpose; pursuit; question; range; rate; rawls; rawlsian; raz; reach; reading; real; reasoning; reasons; recreational; ref; related; relationship; relative; relevant; reply; republican; republicanism; requirement; residual; resources; respect; response; responsibility; result; right; risk; robert; role; rose; rules; sangiovanni; satiability; satiable; second; section; secure; self; sense; set; share; shields; shields leap; shift; significant; similar; skills; social; social conditions; social justice; societies; society; special; specific; spend; stanczyk; standard; state; statist; status; stringency; strong; stronger; subject; substitutable; sufficiency; sufficiency principle; sufficiency threshold; sufficient autonomy; sufficient free; sufficient time; sufficientarianism; suggests; support; system; talents; temporal; temporal autonomy; terlazzo; terms; theoretical; theories; theorists; theory; thesis; things; thinking; threats; threshold; time people; time use; trade; true; turn; understanding; unethical; university; university press; unjust; upper; use; users; valid; valuable; value; vandamme; version; view; violence; von; vulnerable; way; ways; wealth; weight; welfare; welfarism; words; work; work time; workers; working; workplace; world; worse; york; zwarthoed
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        item: #75 of 83
          id: leap-338445
      author: NIELSEN, LASSE
       title: Shielding Sufficientarianism from the Shift
        date: 2017
       words: 4544
      flesch: 58
     summary: Thus, for example, sufficiency views, even when very generic, are always vulnerable to objections stressing the intuitive dissatisfaction with the implication that above some threshold T, the inequality between the super-rich and those who barely have enough would not be a concern of justice (Casal 2007). Section 4 defends upper limit sufficientarianism as a more plausible version of sufficientarianism than Shields’ account.
    keywords: absolute; assumption; distributive; egalitarianism; fairness; figure; generic; goods; inequalities; journal; justice; leap; level; limit; moral; nielsen; non; numbers; paper; people; person; philosophy; plausible; prioritarianism; priority; reason; relevant; responsibility; section; shields; shift; shift thesis; sufficiency; sufficientarianism; table; thesis; threshold; upper; value; view; welfare
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        item: #76 of 83
          id: leap-348103
      author: Stark, Cynthia A.
       title: The Presumption of Equality
        date: 2018
       words: 9400
      flesch: 56
     summary: 2) Therefore, distributive equality is the “moral default”: it is the distribution from which departures must be justified. 3) Departures from equality are justified when they are expressions of agency. 4) Therefore, departures produced by choice are justified. 5) “Distributive arrangements” that ref lect luck and not choice fail to treat people as moral equals. 2) Therefore, distributive equality is the “moral default”: it is the distribution from which departures must be justified. 3) Departures from equality are justified when they are expressions of moral agency. 4) Therefore, departures produced by choice are justified. 5) Departures from equality that ref lect luck and not choice fail to 6 Tan (2012: 89-90) claims that he is not in fact arguing for the egalitarian default.
    keywords: account; arbitrary; argument; benchmark; burden; case; causes; choice; claim; cohen; default; departures; difference; distributions; distributive; division; egalitarian; egalitarianism; equality; goods; ground; hurley; idea; inequalities; justice; justification; justified; leap; luck; moral; pareto; people; persons; philosophy; point; presumption; principle; problem; proof; rawls; reason; second; shares; social; stark; status; tan; university; unjust; view; way; wealth; worth
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        item: #77 of 83
          id: leap-348104
      author: Dietrich, Frank
       title: Natural Resources, Collective Self-Determination, and Secession
        date: 2018
       words: 12842
      flesch: 43
     summary: Natural Resources, Collective Self-Determination, and Secession 33 LEAP 6 (2018) have commercially exploited the raw materials to their own advantage.6 The resolution on peoples’ permanent sovereignty over natural resources paved the way for the inclusion of resource rights in the two human rights treaties of 1966. The aim of this paper is to clarify how the doctrine of peoples’ sovereignty over natural resources is related to their right to political self-determination.
    keywords: account; actors; argument; authority; cambridge; capacity; case; claim; collective; collective self; common; concept; concerned; conf; conservation; control; control rights; country; cultural; decisions; determination; determination right; development; dietrich; different; duty; economic; entitled; entitlement; exploitation; extraction; frank; global; goals; harm; human; important; income; instance; instrumentalist; international; interpretation; journal; justice; labor; land; law; leap; locke; materials; moral; nations; natural resources; natural wealth; necessary; need; options; order; ownership; oxford; parties; peoples; permanent; permanent sovereignty; philosophy; political; political self; population; possible; press; principle; property; property rights; question; raw; reasons; relevant; resolution; resource rights; resource sovereignty; revenues; right; rump; secession; second; section; self; selfdetermination; separatist; set; share; social; sovereignty; state; territorial; territory; theory; university; use; value; view; wealth
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        item: #78 of 83
          id: leap-348105
      author: Montero, Julio
       title: The Philosophy of Social and Economic Human Rights
        date: 2018
       words: 2403
      flesch: 36
     summary: As we see, socioeconomic human rights raise a number of questions of critical import for human rights theory and practice: what concrete measures must nations undertake to fulfill the socioeconomic rights of their inhabitants? As the title suggests, the main topic the volume addresses has to do with the nature, justification and implementation of socioeconomic human rights.
    keywords: africa; available; core; courts; covenant; decisive; democratic; essential; governments; human; human rights; implementation; individuals; international; leap; measures; minimum; obligations; people; philosophy; policies; political; poverty; realization; resources; rights; satisfaction; social; socioeconomic; socioeconomic human; socioeconomic rights; south; state; view
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        item: #79 of 83
          id: leap-348106
      author: Garreta Leclercq, Mariano
       title: Socioeconomic Human Rights, Autonomy and the Cost of Error
        date: 2018
       words: 4991
      flesch: 48
     summary: If B neglects such fundamental moral right, she would be treating those involved as mere instruments for the achievement of her own goals, rather than agents whose interests and projects have a weight of their own and are irreducible to interests and projects of other individuals. This is because even though her potential victims may lack relevant technical knowledge, they have a fundamental right to veto any unilateral decisions on the part of B. To enjoy such right they just need to know that the costs of a mistake are high for themselves and that the chance that the scientist is mistaken is significant.
    keywords: authorization; autonomy; available; case; citizens; civil; control; cost; covenant; decision; democratic; error; eshr; experts; fabre; fundamental; high; human; human rights; implementation; important; individuals; knowledge; leap; life; maximum; measures; moral; normative; people; policy; political; potential; present; press; progressive; realization; research; resources; result; rights; risk; satisfaction; scientist; social; socioeconomic; socioeconomic human; status; unilateral; university; view
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        item: #80 of 83
          id: leap-348107
      author: Rivera-López, Eduardo
       title: Social Rights and Deontological Constraints
        date: 2018
       words: 7454
      flesch: 54
     summary: What I want to show instead is that, beyond terminology and political use, social rights are normatively different from classical rights and that this may have some significant institutional implications: while classical rights (or relevant aspects of them) can plausibly be conceived as “deontological constraints” (in a sense to be explained), social rights (or relevant aspects of them) cannot. I reject the traditional identification of classical rights with negative rights and of social rights with positive rights, and endorse instead the widely accepted account that both classical and social rights are bundles of negative and positive “incidents” (concrete rights).
    keywords: abstract; adequate; basic; case; certain; claim; classical; classical rights; conceptual; constraints; correlative; dc rights; deontological; different; duties; duty; example; food; fulfillment; goal; health; housing; human; human rights; important; incidents; intervention; judge; kind; leap; means; needs; negative; negative incidents; negative rights; people; point; political; positive; positive incidents; poverty; question; reason; relevant; resources; rights; satisfaction; sense; set; shue; social; social rights; specific; state; subsistence; torture; use; view; way
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        item: #81 of 83
          id: leap-348108
      author: Meckled-Garcia, Saladin
       title: Two (Different) Types of Human Rights Duty
        date: 2018
       words: 12999
      flesch: 47
     summary: In 5 I show why some key objections to this distinction between the two models and its application to human rights duties do not work. Treating human rights duties as unconditional requirements to fulfil basic interests misses this complexity.
    keywords: account; action; aims; appropriate; associated; available; basic; benefits; bilchitz; burdens; case; categorical; certain; cescr; circumstances; citizens; claim; considerations; content; contribution; core; decisive; decisive reasons; different; distinction; distributive; duties; duty; economic; ecosoc; example; fairness; focus; form; fulfilment; garcia; health; human; human rights; idea; important; interests; justice; justified; kind; leap; level; life; limits; matter; meaningful; means; model; moral; need; obligations; opportunities; outcomes; oxford; people; person; personal; point; political; press; principle; problem; projects; provision; question; reasoning; reasons; resources; rights; rights duty; saladin; satisfaction; sense; set; social; specific; state; terms; theory; types; university; way; weighing; weighing reasons; weight
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        item: #82 of 83
          id: leap-348109
      author: Morales, Leticia
       title: The Democratic Case for a Basic Income
        date: 2018
       words: 7288
      flesch: 37
     summary: On the other hand, for Pateman basic income appears to impact primarily by granting workers the opportunity to refuse employment. Keywords: democracy, political participation, material preconditions, social rights, income security, basic income.
    keywords: argument; basic; basic income; cambridge; case; citizens; citizenship; decision; democracy; democratic; democratic case; different; economic; emancipation; employment; enjoyment; equal; exit; family; focus; formal; freedom; fundamental; goodhart; government; human; ideal; impact; important; income; individual; institutions; justice; justification; leap; leticia; life; making; material; michael; money; morales; necessary; opportunities; opportunity; order; parijs; participation; pateman; pettit; policy; political; political participation; poverty; press; process; public; recent; right; role; scheme; secure; security; self; social; society; standing; unconditional; universal; university; value; van; view; vote; wispelaere; work
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        item: #83 of 83
          id: leap-348113
      author: , 
       title: Whole Number (6)
        date: 2018
       words: 58304
      flesch: 47
     summary: In this respect, Pateman (2004: 94) finds inspiration in the writings of sociologist T.H. Marshall (1950), who divides citizenship into three different components – civil rights, political rights and social rights – and maintains that social citizenship involves an equality of status which requires “a direct sense of community membership based on loyalty to a 6 In many proposals children and adults are covered by slightly different schemes (Van Parijs and Vanderborght 2017). The discussion on resource rights continued during the drafting process of the United Nations’ two major human rights covenants.
    keywords: 2015; abstract; access; account; actions; adequate; agency; aims; alternative; analysis; approach; appropriate; arbitrary; argument; article; authority; authors; autonomy; available; available resources; basic; basic income; basic rights; benchmark; benefits; best; better; bilchitz; burdens; cambridge; capacity; care; case; categorical; causes; certain; cescr; choice; circumstances; citizens; citizenship; civil; claim; classical rights; clear; cohen; collective; common; community; component; concept; conception; conceptual; concerned; conditions; conf; considerations; constraints; content; contribution; control rights; core; cost; country; course; courts; covenant; crucial; cultural rights; dc rights; debate; decision; decisive; default; demands; democracy; democratic; deontological; departures; determination; determination rights; development; dietrich; differences; different; discussion; distinction; distributions; distributive; distributive equality; division; duties; duty; dworkin; economic; ecosoc rights; education; effects; egalitarian; entitled; equality; error; eshr; essential; ethics; example; exercise; existence; exploitation; extent; extraction; fabre; fair; fairness; focus; food; form; frank; freedom; fulfillment; fundamental; fundamental rights; future; garcia; general; genuine; global; goals; goodhart; goods; government; ground; hand; harm; having; housing; human rights; idea; impact; implementation; important; incidents; income; income rights; independent; individual; inequalities; inf; innocent; instance; institutions; interests; international; interpretation; journal; justice; justification; justified; kind; knowledge; labor; lack; law; leap; legal; legitimate; level; liberal; life; limits; literature; lives; living; locke; long; luck; main; making; materials; matter; meaningful; means; measures; members; minimum; model; moral; morales; nations; natural resources; necessary; need; negative; negative rights; new; non; normative; notion; number; objection; obligations; ones; opportunities; opportunity; options; order; ownership; oxford; oxford university; paper; pareto; participation; particular; parties; pateman; people; permanent; personal; persons; perspective; philosophical; philosophy; plausible; pogge; point; policies; policy; political; political participation; political philosophy; political rights; political self; poor; population; position; positive; positive rights; possible; potential; poverty; practice; present; press; presumption; principle; problem; process; progressive; projects; proof; property rights; provision; public; question; rawls; realization; reasonable; reasoning; reasons; ref; relevant; research; resource rights; respect; responsible; result; revenues; rights duties; rights duty; rights obligations; risk; role; rule; rump; saladin; satisfaction; secession; second; section; secure; self; selfdetermination; sense; set; share; significant; similar; situation; social justice; social rights; society; socioeconomic human; socioeconomic rights; sovereignty; special; specific; standards; standing; stark; state; status; strong; subject; subsistence; sufficient; system; tax; terms; territorial rights; territories; territory; theories; theory; time; true; types; unconditional; understanding; united; universal; university; university press; unjust; use; valuable; value; view; vote; way; wealth; weighing; weight; work; world; worth; york
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