Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, dan Budaya p-ISSN: 2086-6100 Vol. 12 No. 2, July-December 2022, Page 217-230 http://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/lensa e-ISSN: 2503-328X The Use of Affixed Words… Candra Ayu Dyah Khoirun Nisa’,Fida Pangesti,Hari Windu Asrini DOI: https://doi.org/10.26714/lensa.12.2.2022.217-230 217 The Use of Affixed Words in BIPA Student Writing Beginner Class Candra Ayu Dyah Khoirun Nisa’1*, Fida Pangesti2, Hari Windu Asrini3 1,2,3University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia *candraayu41@webmail.umm.ac.id Article History: Submitted on 2nd September 2022; Revised on 29th November 2022; Accepted on 12th December 2022; Published on 31st December 2022 ABSTRACT Indonesian is a second language for BIPA students and should be learned after the primary language. This leads to differences in the understanding of linguistic structures focused on the order of affixes. This research aims to describe the use of affixed words and the errors of words with affixes in the essays of beginner class BIPA students at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with a descriptive type of research. The source of the data used is a narrative text compiled by students of BIPA University of Muhammadiyah Malang for beginner class. The data used in this research are words with affixes with both appropriate and inappropriate use in BIPA students’ essays. In this research, reading and note-taking techniques were used for data collection. The technique used to analyze the data in this research is replacement technique. Based on the result of the study, it can be concluded that there are three forms of affixes in BIPA students’ essays, including 118 data prefixes, 66 data confixes, and 38 data suffixes. In this case, three types of affixation errors were also found, including the omission of affixes as much as 7 data, replacement of morphs as much as 2 data, and the use of incorrect affixes as many as 26 data. This research can be used as a reference for further research, and as information for readers, especially BIPA students and teachers, to use correct Indonesian grammar. Keywords: affixation, bipa, error analysis, use of affixes. INTRODUCTION Indonesian for Foreign Speakers (BIPA) is one of the ways to internationalize the Indonesian language. Internationally, this endeavor is witnessing a rather quick expansion. Indonesia maintains a key location with diverse interests relating to other countries, such as economic interests, http://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/lensa https://doi.org/10.26714/lensa.12.2.2022.217-230 mailto:candraayu41@webmail.umm.ac.id Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, dan Budaya p-ISSN: 2086-6100 Vol. 12 No. 2, July-December 2022, Page 217-230 http://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/lensa e-ISSN: 2503-328X The Use of Affixed Words… Candra Ayu Dyah Khoirun Nisa’,Fida Pangesti,Hari Windu Asrini DOI: https://doi.org/10.26714/lensa.12.2.2022.217-230 218 politics, education, tourism, and others. Consequently, the international community's interest in studying Indonesian is increasing. This is consistent with the fact that Indonesian is used as a second language in Vietnam, similar to the usage of English (Rohimah, 2018). This indicates that the existence of the Indonesian language on the global stage cannot be questioned. Foreign students or speakers are categorized into three categories in BIPA learning: beginner, intermediate, and advanced (Arumdyahsari et al., 2016). BIPA instruction focuses on four components of language skills: listening, reading, speaking, and writing. BIPA learning also teaches other cultures and knowledge in Indonesia in addition to these capabilities. There are variances in the subject matter presented to BIPA students of the three aptitude levels. This is consistent with Hanifah et al. (2020) assertion that the objective of differentiating the material at each level is to enable BIPA students to sequentially comprehend Indonesian based on their circumstances and level of difficulty. Thus, BIPA students are able to master correct and proper Indonesian. The position of Indonesian is the second language for BIPA students, so after learning their first language, they acquire their native tongue (Maharani & Astuti, 2018). The grammar of the native language differs significantly from that of Indonesian as a second language. This results in the formation of several language usage problems. In addition, a lack of comprehension in the production of words and a poor grasp of linguistics are additional reasons why pupils commit language issues. Both oral and written errors might frequently occur when BIPA students utilize Indonesian. The production of texts by BIPA students contains a number of faults in the area of morphology or word formation. The use of attached words is one of the errors that frequently occur. This is consistent with a remark made by (Budiawan & Rukayati, 2018) in their research, namely that the usage of improper affixes will result in meaning discrepancies. Rusminto (2022) in his research emphasized that BIPA students are often inaccurate in using Indonesian. The error that often appears in this study is the formation of affixed words. From this case, it is hoped that learning Indonesian foreign speakers will pay more attention to the accuracy of teaching materials and techniques that BIPA students have not mastered. Affixation is the process of adding an affixed form to a basic word (Herawati et al., 2019). Basic words that can be affixed with affixes can be in the form of single or complex root words. This affixed form is very important in a sentence because it can affect the meaning of a word or sentence. Classifications of errors resulting from the affixation process include (1) affix removal, (2) sounds that should undergo leaching, (3) sounds that should not undergo leaching, (4) morphe replacement, (5) morphe abbreviation, (6) inappropriate use of affixes, (7) improper http://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/lensa https://doi.org/10.26714/lensa.12.2.2022.217-230 Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, dan Budaya p-ISSN: 2086-6100 Vol. 12 No. 2, July-December 2022, Page 217-230 http://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/lensa e-ISSN: 2503-328X The Use of Affixed Words… Candra Ayu Dyah Khoirun Nisa’,Fida Pangesti,Hari Windu Asrini DOI: https://doi.org/10.26714/lensa.12.2.2022.217-230 219 determination of basic forms, (8) improper placement of affixes in word combinations, and (9) inappropriate repetition of compound words. There are numerous kinds and functions of affixation usage (Fitriyani et al., 2017). Affixation consists of prefixes, suffixes, confixes, infixes, and simulfixes. The affix that appears at the beginning of a word is known as a prefix. Suffixes are used to add the affix form to the end of words. Infixes is the type of affix that are found in the center of a word. Affixes that are fused to a fundamental word or that do not take the form of a syllable are referred to as simulfixes, while those that are placed at the start and end of a word are known as confixes. According to the performed case studies, BIPA students at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang have varying levels of Indonesian language proficiency. This proficiency can be communicated orally and in writing (Yuniar et al., 2022). The teacher can assess one of these skills through assignments and examinations. This activity is really useful for assessing the student’s ability to speak Indonesian. After completing a case study on the Writing subject, the midterm exam requires the creation of a narrative text or essay. An essay or narrative text is one method for determining the level of Indonesian language competency, particularly with regard to writing. In accordance with the assertion of Anjarwati & Sabardilla (2021), the form of writing that originates from the human mind or from communication is then poured into the shape of a written work that is widely known as an essay. There are three studies addressing the same topic, affixation. Additionally, Muchti & Oktavidianty (2021) have explored affixation research. In this study, it was determined that the narrative text created by three BIPA students at Bina Darma University Palembang had 205 types of affixation and four affixation usage faults. Yahya et al. (2018) have also examined the same object for research purposes. This research explored the written language syntax errors made by BIPA students at UPT, the language of Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. According to the results of the study, a significant number of BIPA students commit errors in the area of written language faults. Wijayanti & Siroj (2020) also analyzed affixation in their study titled Analysis of Indonesian Students' Writing Errors for Foreign Speakers (BIPA) Level 2B Wisma Bahasa Yogyakarta. According to the results of the study, based on 224 sentences in the questionnaire, students made 80 language errors in 50 sentences. The usage of particles in the area of diction choice, which was shown to account for 61.25% of all language errors, was found to be the most frequent error in this study. Students frequently choose their words incorrectly, making mistakes with verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, numbers, particles, and clitics. Up to 6.25 % of affixation errors include prefixes, suffixes, and confixes. As much as 20% of punctuation marks have mistakes, specifically periods and commas. Subject, predicate, and description errors comprise up to 12.5% of all grammatical errors. http://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/lensa https://doi.org/10.26714/lensa.12.2.2022.217-230 Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, dan Budaya p-ISSN: 2086-6100 Vol. 12 No. 2, July-December 2022, Page 217-230 http://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/lensa e-ISSN: 2503-328X The Use of Affixed Words… Candra Ayu Dyah Khoirun Nisa’,Fida Pangesti,Hari Windu Asrini DOI: https://doi.org/10.26714/lensa.12.2.2022.217-230 220 This research is the only one of the three with updated information. In the first study, research was conducted at the University of Bina Darma Palembang using only three data sources, but this research utilized seven data sources and employed affixes with greater diversity. Updates to this research are also included in the second study, which focuses on analyzing the object from a morphological perspective, particularly with regard to affixation. In the third study, morphological features and affixation were analyzed in greater depth. Based on the explanation above, research was carried out on the topic of morphology and selecting text objects written by BIPA students at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang. This research was conducted to answer two questions, namely (1) How is the use of affixed words in the essays of BIPA students at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang? and (2) What are the errors in affixed words in the essays of BIPA students at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang? METHOD This study was carried out and completed utilizing qualitative research techniques and descriptive research types. According to Muhyidin (2018), qualitative research methods are one of the methods of data analysis by outlining data from data collection techniques based on phases of analysis that are in accordance with the themes of the research. This method is used to examine the use and errors of affixed words in the essays of BIPA students at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang. In this instance, a descriptive technique is also employed to characterize the examined data regarding the kinds of affixation found in the essays of BIPA students at University of Muhammadiyah Malang. For the 2021/2022 academic year, 12 students from various countries took part in the BIPA program at UPT. BIPA University of Muhammadiyah Malang. The 12 students are divided into two, seven students in the beginner class and five students entering the middle class. This study used BIPA students at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang for the 2021-2022 academic year in the beginner class as the subject of study. The source of the data used is narrative text compiled by BIPA students at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang for beginner classes when carrying out the Mid Semester Examinations. This essay was written as a requirement for BIPA students' participation in the Mid Semester Examination (UTS). Seven BIPA beginner class students took the UTS, thus obtaining seven essays as data sources. The data used in this study are affixed words in the essays of BIPA students at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang. For data gathering in this study, reading and taking notes were employed. Acquiring essays produced by BIPA students at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang, reading essays that have been compiled, marking http://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/lensa https://doi.org/10.26714/lensa.12.2.2022.217-230 Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, dan Budaya p-ISSN: 2086-6100 Vol. 12 No. 2, July-December 2022, Page 217-230 http://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/lensa e-ISSN: 2503-328X The Use of Affixed Words… Candra Ayu Dyah Khoirun Nisa’,Fida Pangesti,Hari Windu Asrini DOI: https://doi.org/10.26714/lensa.12.2.2022.217-230 221 and noting words that contain affixation forms and have faults in their use are the stages involved in data collection. After intelligence gathering, the next stage is to analyze the data. The technique used to analyze the data in this study is the replacement technique (Wijayanti & Siroj, 2020). This approach is used to replace the morphological unit in the appended word. The initial step of this investigation is to collect the data previously highlighted in the essay content. The subsequent stage is identifying and tabulating the form of attached errors according to their type. Additionally, the attached word is described by the theory. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION The findings of the research that will be discussed in this chapter are the use of affixation and errors in the use of affixation in essays by BIPA students at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang, which are based on the case studies that have been conducted. According to the study's findings, there are 66 data confixes, 38 data suffixes, and 118 data affixes in the form of prefixes. This research's findings are consistent with those of Muchti & Oktavidianty (2021), who discovered that prefixes dominated the usage of affixation in the essays of BIPA students, then confixes, and lastly suffixes. The second finding is the incorrect use of affixation by BIPA students at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang in their essays. The faults consisted of removing 7 data affixes, replacing 2 data morphs, and using improper affixes for as much as 26 data. The following are the results of an analysis of the use of affixation and affixation errors in the essays written by BIPA students at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang. 1. The Use of Affixation in the Writings of BIPA Students Affixation is utilized to develop new meanings from a morphological perspective (Musthafa & Rahmawati, 2021). According to the conducted case studies, there are word constructions in the essays of BIPA students that undergo an affixation procedure. The types of affixation included in these essays are prefixes, suffixes, and confixes. a. Prefix The initial type of affixation is the prefix. Prefixes are affixes that come before the root of a word. Based on a study of the data, it was determined that ber-, peN-, meN-, ter-, and se-. This section provides a description of the data. (1) Saya berlibur di dalam Indonesia atau di luar Indonesia. (3/PA-Pre- Ber/Frz) http://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/lensa https://doi.org/10.26714/lensa.12.2.2022.217-230 Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, dan Budaya p-ISSN: 2086-6100 Vol. 12 No. 2, July-December 2022, Page 217-230 http://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/lensa e-ISSN: 2503-328X The Use of Affixed Words… Candra Ayu Dyah Khoirun Nisa’,Fida Pangesti,Hari Windu Asrini DOI: https://doi.org/10.26714/lensa.12.2.2022.217-230 222 [I am on holiday inside Indonesia or outside Indonesia. (3/PA-Pre- Ber/Frz)] (2) … saya bertemu banyak mahasiswa asing dan berkomunikasi… (34/PA-Pre-Ber/Idr) [… I met many international students and communicated… (34/PA-Pre-Ber/Idr)] (3) … saya menyewa sepeda motor untuk saya… (45/PA-Pre-MeN/Say) [… I rented a motorbike for myself… (45/PA-Pre-MeN/Say)] (4) Di pantai saya menikmati waktu saya karena melihat berbeda hal… (37/PA-Pre-MeN/Idr) [At the beach, I enjoy my time because I see different things… (37/PA-Pre-MeN/Idr)] The data (1), (2), (3), and (4) reflect the use of prefixes in essays written by BIPA students. There is an appended word of the kind in (1)'s data berlibur. BIPA students employ affixation in the form of the prefix in this data ber- to word of berlibur. The word has its fundamental form libur. The word's morphological process is ber- + libur. Employing prefix ber- likewise seen in data (2). There are two words in the quotation, and they are berkomunikasi and bertemu. The word berkomunikasi is composed of two forms, specifically the form of affix in the form of prefix ber- and the basic form komunikasi, while the word bertemu starts with the prefix ber- and basic form temu. These three terms contain the prefix ber- which means "to engage in an activity." This affix serves as a verb stem. This prefix may be added to verbs, adjectives, nouns, and nouns. In quotations (3) and (4), there are affixes, specifically the prefix meN-. The data is in the word menyewa on quote (3) and melihat on quote (4). There are two forms in data (3), including the basic form sewa plus suffixes meN-. The basic form of sewa then, it undergoes fusion and becomes attached. meny-, so that by morphological transformation it becomes menyewa. There is a basic structure lihat followed by the prefix meN-. The word lihat is a type of verb if the suffix is added meN- entails carrying out the action without altering the word form. Similar to the preceding form, this prefix appears at the beginning of the base form. This prefix operates as a form of the verb. (5) Ada wisatawan pemandu untuk akses fasilitas di hotel. (165/PA-Pre- PeN/Ami) [There is a tourist guide to access the facilities at the hotel. (165/PA-Pre-PeN/Ami)] (6) Pantai Bolo-Bolo terletak di wilayah Jawa Timur… (197/PA-Pre- Ter/Far) [Bolo-Bolo Beach is located in the East Java region… (197/PA- Pre-Ter/Far)] (7) … saya mengunjungi beberapa tempat wisata terindah di… (212/PA- Pre-Ter/Far) http://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/lensa https://doi.org/10.26714/lensa.12.2.2022.217-230 Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, dan Budaya p-ISSN: 2086-6100 Vol. 12 No. 2, July-December 2022, Page 217-230 http://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/lensa e-ISSN: 2503-328X The Use of Affixed Words… Candra Ayu Dyah Khoirun Nisa’,Fida Pangesti,Hari Windu Asrini DOI: https://doi.org/10.26714/lensa.12.2.2022.217-230 223 [… I visited some of the most beautiful sights in…212/PA-Pre- Ter/Far)] (8) Jadi sehari saya pergi ke karangploso… (24/PA-Pre-Se/Frz) [So one day, I went to Karangploso… (24/PA-Pre-Se/Frz)] The form of the prefix found in data (5) is peN-. This prefix appears in the works of pupils with the initials BIPA ‘Ami’. This data contains the prefix peN- contains the word pemandu. The word is made up of the prefix peN- and the basic terms pandu. The KBBI reports that the word pandu implies a guide. Consequently, given this explanation pemandu signifies a person who leads the path based on research, the prefix peN- used to describe a "becoming" somebody. Within citations (6) and (7) are examples of the use of the prefix ter-. Employing prefix ter- Data (6) contains the word terletak. Process morphological of word development terletak which is ter- + letak. According to the KBBI, the meanings of this word include 'to be,' 'there,' and 'positioned. The data is distinguished by a prefix ter- with the verb's function in mind. Utilize the word terindah included in data (7) is also the attached word ter-. Affix ter- The word 'most' within the context of the quote carries the meaning 'most,' hence the word terindah has the most profound significance. Prefix ter- passive verbs, but not all words contain the prefix ter- category of passive verbs (Ramlan, 2012). This is due to the fact that intransitive verbs can contain a variety of word constructions. Prefix ter- can also mean 'most,' can describe the circumstance, has been experienced, and so on. This prefix can create either a verb or an adjective. The aforementioned quotation (8) was discovered in a BIPA student's essay belonging to ‘Frz’. There are statistics in the citation that demonstrate the presence of the prefix. se-. The prefix form appears within the word sehari, with basic form hari. This suffix in the word carries the meaning 'one', so sehari means 'one day'. These affixes function as forming nouns and adjectives. b. Suffix Suffix is the second type of affixation. Suffix is an affix that is added to the base form. According to data analysis, the forms of suffix affixation include the following: -i, -an, and -wan. This section provides a description of the data. (9) Perasaan yang saya alami adalah ketakutkan… (12/PA-Suf-I/Frz) [The feeling I experience is fear… (12/PA-Suf-I/Frz)] (10) Ada banyak layanan pada penglaman bagus. (173/PA-Suf-An/Ami) [There are many services at a good experience. (173/PA-Suf- An/Ami)] (11) Ada bagus makanan dan minuman di sana seperti, makanan laut, daging bakar, nasi goreng, … (185/PA-Suf-An/Ami) http://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/lensa https://doi.org/10.26714/lensa.12.2.2022.217-230 Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, dan Budaya p-ISSN: 2086-6100 Vol. 12 No. 2, July-December 2022, Page 217-230 http://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/lensa e-ISSN: 2503-328X The Use of Affixed Words… Candra Ayu Dyah Khoirun Nisa’,Fida Pangesti,Hari Windu Asrini DOI: https://doi.org/10.26714/lensa.12.2.2022.217-230 224 [There is good food and drink there such as seafood, grilled meat, fried rice, … (185/PA-Suf-An/Ami)] (12) Untuk wisatawan yang tidak bisa berkomunikasi lokal bahasa… (191/PA-Suf-Wan/Ami) [For tourists who cannot communicate the local language… (191/PA-Suf-Wan/Ami)] In the citation (9), the word of alami as data with basic form alam. This could be said that the term contains the suffix –i when a term has two different forms. The two forms of the word consist of the fundamental form alam and the form of the suffix –i whose location follows the base form. In data (10) and (11), words are appended in the form of a suffix – an. There is a mention of the word layanan as data containing the suffix –an. The constituent parts of the term are the root form of service and the suffix form. –an. According to the KBBI, the word layanan means ‘regarding’ or "how to serve." Two data in the quotation (11) indicate the form of the suffix. –an. The initial mention of the word makanan. The word has two forms, including the fundamental form makan and the form of the affix is the suffix –an. As well as the word of makanan, the word of minuman Identified as the second piece of information showing the presence of the suffix –an within this sentence. This form of suffix is compatible with verbs, nouns, and adjectives. This is consistent with the remark made by (Yusuf et al., 2022) in their research, which implies that the meaning-forming suffixes fall into three categories: forming nouns, creating adjectives, and forming verbs. Suffix –an can be understood as a consequence of actions or instruments. The last form of suffix encountered in BIPA student essays is –wan. Using statistical analysis, the data that demonstrate the suffix –wan found in the essay written by 'Ami', a BIPA student, in data (12). The data is in the word wisatawan, with standard form wisata. In this situation, the usage of affixes is correct, yet there is an error in the sentence. This sentence should be untuk wisatawan yang tidak bisa berkomunikasi bahasa lokal… This suffix works as a noun form and can be applied to nouns or adjectives. Suffix – wan carries the meanings of ‘expert’ and ‘person of character’. c. Confix Confix is the final affixation type. Confixes are prefixes and suffixes that occur at the beginning and end of words. Based on the data analysis, the following forms of affix affixation were identified: ber-an, peN-an, meN- kan, dan meN-i. This section provides a description of the data. (13) … dan berkenalan dengan budaya dan tradisi mereka. (243/PA-Kon- Ber-an/Far) http://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/lensa https://doi.org/10.26714/lensa.12.2.2022.217-230 Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, dan Budaya p-ISSN: 2086-6100 Vol. 12 No. 2, July-December 2022, Page 217-230 http://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/lensa e-ISSN: 2503-328X The Use of Affixed Words… Candra Ayu Dyah Khoirun Nisa’,Fida Pangesti,Hari Windu Asrini DOI: https://doi.org/10.26714/lensa.12.2.2022.217-230 225 [… and get acquainted with their culture and traditions. (243/PA- Kon-Ber-an/Far)] (14) Saya ingin menceritakan pengalaman pribadi saya mengenai… (1/PA- Kon-MeN-an/Frz) [I would like to share my personal experience regarding… (1/PA- Kon-MeN-an/Frz)] (15) Untuk mengunjungi hotelnya, kungunji… (85/PA-Kon-MeN-i/Ami) [To visit the hotel, visitors… (85/PA-Kon-MeN-i/Ami)] The aforementioned data indicates the existence of attached words in the form of confixes. The number thirteen (13) appears on the word berkenalan. Words consisting of the base form kenal This is classified as data since it overlaps other information ber-an. According to the KBBI, the primary term is kenal has the meaning of 'know,' so if the word 'know' is added, the phrase becomes ber-an, The connotation thus becomes ‘know each other’. The only function of this confix is to construct a verb, although it has three meanings: acts (in the root word) performed by many individuals, actions (in the root word) performed repeatedly, and 'mutually'. There are indications of the existence of an affix in the form of confix in the cited passage (14) me-kan. The data is in the word menceritakan with basic form cerita. Basic shapes cerita then added a suffix me-kan So as to form words menceritakan. Data (15) also discovered attached words in the form of confix me-i. The information is in the word mengunjungi. This word has two forms, including the fundamental form kunjung and confix me-i. (16) Saya pergi ke Sudan untuk pernikahan teman saya… (89/PA-Kon-Per- an/Ibr) [I went to Sudan for my friend's wedding… (89/PA-Kon-Per- an/Ibr)] (17) Saya ingin menceritakan pengalaman pribadi saya mengenai… (14/PA- Kon-PeN-an/Frz) [I would like to share my personal experience regarding…(14/PA- Kon-PeN-an/Frz)] In the data (16) and (17), attached words in the form of confix were discovered per-an and peN-an. The quotation (16) is from an essay written by Ibr, a BIPA student. The existence of evidence for a sort of confix per-an namely in the data (16) words of pernikahan. The word of pernikahan has two forms, including the fundamental form nikah and the form of afiks per-an. Although the word's structure is correct, it does not quite fit in the context of the statement. The proper sentence structure is Saya pergi ke Sudan untuk datang ke pernikahan teman saya… Kofiks per-an serves the purpose of creating nouns that can be joined to verbs, adjectives, nouns, and numbers. Meaning of confix per-an illustrates the subject in its fundamental form, consequence, or location. The meaning of per-an can also be understood to represent a region or multiple things (Ramlan, 2012). http://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/lensa https://doi.org/10.26714/lensa.12.2.2022.217-230 Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, dan Budaya p-ISSN: 2086-6100 Vol. 12 No. 2, July-December 2022, Page 217-230 http://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/lensa e-ISSN: 2503-328X The Use of Affixed Words… Candra Ayu Dyah Khoirun Nisa’,Fida Pangesti,Hari Windu Asrini DOI: https://doi.org/10.26714/lensa.12.2.2022.217-230 226 The data shown in the BIPA student 'Frz's' quotation (17) from an essay demonstrates the existence of a form of confix peN-an. The data in question is in the word pengalaman. Words consisting of the base form alam It means ‘ever encountered’. Kofiks peN-an serves the same purpose as per- an namely as a form of nouns. Meaning of confix peN-an This illustrates the procedure, its outcome, and the location. 2. Affixed Word Errors in BIPA Student Writings Referring to the fact that beginner-level BIPA students do not speak Indonesian as their native language, as well as their lack of grasp of word structure and linguistics, which results in numerous use problems. One of the frequent errors is in the morphological aspect, particularly in the form of affixation. This is consistent with Setyawati (2013)'s assertion in her book, which identifies linguistic faults at the morphological level. In this study, affixation errors were discovered, such as the omission of affixes, the substitution of morphs, and the improper usage of affixes. a. Affix Detachment Based on data analysis of affixation errors, it was determined that BIPA students at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang committed linguistic faults in the form of affixing omissions. Along with a description, data indicating the kind of affix removal were detected in the essay of BIPA student 'Ami'. (18) Ada banyak objek wisata bisa akses. (196/KA-PA-Di/Ami) [Many tourist objects can be accessed. (196/KA-PA-Di/Ami)] (19) Ada wisatawan pemandu untuk akses fasilitas di hotel. (207/KA-PA- Di/Ami) [There is a tourist guide to access the facilities at the hotel. (207/KA-PA-Di/Ami)] In sentences (18) and (19), there is a mistake involving the omission of affixes (19). The data sentence (18) cannot be accepted due to a spelling error in a single word akses. The word should be provided with an affix di-, thus becoming diakses. Similar to the prior data, there are still sentence problems in data (19), Therefore, it must be improved so that the data can be simply studied. The sentence should read ada pemandu wisata untuk akses fasilitas di hotel. The found data is the access that must be formatted as a prefix me-, Morpheme me- inserted with access morpheme replaced with morph meng-, thus becoming mengakses. The data contains words that should be appended, but they are omitted from the essay, resulting in a sort of error. This is consistent with the assertion made by Kartika et al. (2021) in their research that the error occurs because the sound that should present in both spoken and written form is absent. http://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/lensa https://doi.org/10.26714/lensa.12.2.2022.217-230 Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, dan Budaya p-ISSN: 2086-6100 Vol. 12 No. 2, July-December 2022, Page 217-230 http://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/lensa e-ISSN: 2503-328X The Use of Affixed Words… Candra Ayu Dyah Khoirun Nisa’,Fida Pangesti,Hari Windu Asrini DOI: https://doi.org/10.26714/lensa.12.2.2022.217-230 227 b. Morph Replacement In the writings of BIPA students at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang, errors in the use of language and affixation, specifically the substitution of morphs, were identified. This case was discovered in the essays of Say and Ami, both BIPA students. The following is a description of the data set. (20) ... kopi dengan bebeda varian rasa… (188/KA-PM-Ber/Ami) [... coffee with different flavors… (188/KA-PM-Ber/Ami)] (21) ... dan kami mulai berpergian kami sekitar jam 3 pagi… (41/KA-BS- Ber/Say) [... and we started our journey around 3 am… (41/KA-BS- Ber/Say)] The word of bebeda The citation's prefix (20) is incorrect. This is due to the morphological structure ber- The affix form does not convert into an allomorphic form when coupled with the basic form beginning with the phoneme /b/ be-. The prefix is added to a separate basic version of the word ber-. Based on this rationale, the appropriate suffix is ber- not undergo a smelting process, hence the right term is not smelted berbeda. Also included in the data (21) are errors in the substitution of morphs with the basic form pergi on the word berpergian. The basic form of pergi The element is contained in the first phrase er if it is added to affixed ber-an which should be replaced by allomorph be-, such that the appropriate term becomes bepergian. This has also been examined by Kartika et al. (2021) with the replacement of morphs in the use of the word berpergian. In KBBI, bepergian means 'to go far'. c. Misapplication of Affixes Based on a case study of an essay written by a BIPA student at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang, it was determined that the usage of an improper form of the prefix was present. This discovery can be represented by affixes in the form of prefixes, suffixes, and confixes (Setyawati, 2013). The issue with this element is the improper use of affixes where affixes should be present ber-, peN-, di-, me-i, pe-an, me-kan, -nya, and terms to which affixes shouldn't be appended. In this instance, the data below were discovered. (22) … untuk berkomunikasi dan pertanya saya yang makanan kamu mau. (219/KA-PATT-Ber/Ibr) […to communicate and ask me which food you want. (219/KA- PATT-Ber/Ibr)] (23) Dia pertanyaan menggapa kami seperti itu. (21/KA-PATT-Ber/Frz) [He questions why we are like that. (21/KA-PATT-Ber/Frz)] (24) Ada wisatawan pemandu untuk akses fasilitas di hotel. (184/KA- PATT-0/Ami) http://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/lensa https://doi.org/10.26714/lensa.12.2.2022.217-230 Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, dan Budaya p-ISSN: 2086-6100 Vol. 12 No. 2, July-December 2022, Page 217-230 http://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/lensa e-ISSN: 2503-328X The Use of Affixed Words… Candra Ayu Dyah Khoirun Nisa’,Fida Pangesti,Hari Windu Asrini DOI: https://doi.org/10.26714/lensa.12.2.2022.217-230 228 [There is a tourist guide to access the facilities at the hotel. (184/KA-PATT-0/Ami)] Data (22), (23), and (24) reflect the type of affixation errors seen in the writings of BIPA students, specifically the inappropriate use of affixes. The use of the word pertanya The cited material is inaccurate. Considering the context of the quotation, The word of pertanya It would be better suitable to replace it with the word bertanya. Consequently, the right expression is … to speak with me and tell me what you want to eat. Data (23) has an additional affix mistake in the word pertanyaan. The word is classified as a noun, although in the quotation the word that bears the basic form is a verb tanya this needs to be a verb. The fundamental form of this inquiry must be combined with an affix to produce a verb ber-, thus becoming bertanya which means ‘asking’. There are affixes and inappropriate phrase structure in the data (24). The sentence should be there is a guide wisatawan in order to use the hotel's facilities. After changing the phrase structure, it became easier to identify the data containing affixation problems. Affixation error-containing data are the words wisatawan. This word contains an improper usage of affixes, specifically the -wan suffix, which should be eliminated. This form of suffix functions as a noun form, while in quotations (24) the suffix functions as an adjective form –wan should be eliminated, leaving the word pemandu wisata. According to KBBI, A tour guide is a person who accompanies tourists by organizing visits and providing information about the visited locations. CONCLUSION Based on the results and discussion of the research, it can be concluded that there is the use of affixation in the essays of BIPA students at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang. The most frequently used form of affixation is the prefix, then the confix, and finally the suffix. This research also shows affixation errors in BIPA students' essays at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang. The most frequently encountered errors are the use of inappropriate affixes, then the omission of affixes, and what is rarely encountered is the replacement of morphs. These results indicate that the Indonesian language skills of BIPA students, especially the use of affixed words, are still simple. There are also a number of affixation errors found in the narrative text written by BIPA students, so this research can provide input that learning Indonesian needs to focus on the correct use of affixation and other learning that students have not yet mastered. http://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/lensa https://doi.org/10.26714/lensa.12.2.2022.217-230 Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, dan Budaya p-ISSN: 2086-6100 Vol. 12 No. 2, July-December 2022, Page 217-230 http://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/lensa e-ISSN: 2503-328X The Use of Affixed Words… Candra Ayu Dyah Khoirun Nisa’,Fida Pangesti,Hari Windu Asrini DOI: https://doi.org/10.26714/lensa.12.2.2022.217-230 229 REFERENCES Anjarwati, L., & Sabardilla, A. (2021). Analisis Kesalahan Berbahasa pada Karangan Siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama. 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