Lentera Hukum, Volume 6 Issue 1 (2019), pp. v-vi 
ISSN 2355-4673 (Print) 2621-3710 (Online) 
https://doi.org/10.19184/ ejlh.v6i1.10766 
Published by the University of Jember, Indonesia 
Available online 28 April 2019 
 
 
 

Preface 
 

Since the advent of the Industrial Revolution 4.0, the development of legal studies in 

Indonesia has entered a new pathway. The debate over digital technology adds new 

emphasize to which legal studies are driven to critically examine with multitude 

viewpoints. This development has forced an arduous task on the government to 

respond to technological advancement and cater to the needs of sustainable 

development; therefore, the current regulatory debate is encouraged to conform to 

these trends. For example, emerging online transportation applications like Go-Jek and 

Grab have challenged the government; they demonstrate that the current regulatory 

regime is not sufficient to respond to this fast-changing world. Following this 

technological innovation, crime becomes linked to the development of online systems. 

For instance, there are numerous examples in which fraud is present in online shop 

systems and these crimes need to be addressed by the government for the security of 

customers.  

Apart from this advancement of technological systems, there are other serious 

concerns: environmental protection, terrorism, and narcotics. Firstly, environmental 

protection can aid in the fulfillment of sustainable development. In fact, in the 

aftermath of Indonesia’s Reformation Era, environmental protection in Indonesia has 

been questioned. In particular, the amount of deforestation has significantly increased 

just after the introduction of decentralization.
1
 This trajectory highlights the extent to 

which the assessment of the regulatory regime in the decentralized period needs to be 

analyzed in tandem with the criminalization of corporation against environmental 

protection. Secondly, the combat against terrorism has become a difficult effort for 

nations’ governments. Since the 9/11 terrorist attack in the United States, the 

widespread war against terrorism has been addressed globally. However, terrorism is a 

multifaceted issue and needs preventative alternatives. For the United States, this 

attack was seen as a global attack on security and created combatting terrorism as one 

of the nation’s top priorities.
2
 In Indonesia, the Bali suicide bomb blast was the initial 

episode in which the nation’s security was seriously attacked.
3
 As a result, terrorism in 

Indonesia has been debated, in which religious extremism and security concerns are 

uneasy intersections to address. There has been a number of alternatives taken by the 

government and the new model of preventative measures such as immigration control is 

rigorously discussed by Indonesia’s scholars and policymakers. Thirdly, the 

distribution of narcotics in Indonesia results in a complex legal enforcement problem. 

                                                           
1
  Luke Lazarus Arnold, “Deforestation in Decentralised Indonesia: What’s Law Got to Do With It?” 31 

at 77. 
2
  Brian Michael Jenkins, John Godges & James Dobbins, The Long Shadow of 9/11: America’s Response to 

Terrorism (Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2011) at 61. 
3
  N C Asthana & Anjali Nirmal, Urban Terrorism: Myths and Realities (Pointer Publishers, 2009) at 265. 



vi | LENTERA HUKUM 

 

On the one hand, the distribution of narcotics brings adverse impacts because of 

misuse, so the youth generations are endangered. On the other hand, this complexity is 

responded by the government through a number of strict measures, including the 

introduction of the death penalty. Amidst the poor legal regime in Indonesia, including 

its enforcement, these facts result in pros and cons to which human rights are 

rigorously debated and the national interest is justified. 

Those major developments relentlessly drive the establishment of the regulatory 

regime in Indonesia. The debate over such issues is explored by the authors in our latest 

issue. We are grateful to our authors for submitting their manuscripts in which their 

contributions enrich the legal conversation in response to such legal developments. The 

publication of this issue, however, would not have been possible without the skill, 

teamwork, and dedication of the editorial board (Dr. Al Khanif Universitas Jember, Dr. 

Mirza Satria Buana Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Dr. Amira Paripurna Universitas 

Airlangga and Dina Tsalist Wildana, LL.M. Universitas Jember), including anonymous 

reviewers and assistant editors. 

 

 

Dr. Al Khanif 

Editor-in-Chief, Lentera Hukum 

Director, the Centre for Human Rights,  

Multiculturalism, and Migration (CHRM2) 

Universitas Jember, Indonesia 

 

Muhammad Bahrul Ulum 

Editor, Lentera Hukum 

Researcher, the Centre for Human Rights 

Multiculturalism and Migration (CHRM2) 

Universitas Jember, Indonesia