IDENTIFICATION OF STUDENTS’ DIFFICULTIES IN MASTERING PASSIVE VOICE Nur Laila Kadariyah Ida Liani A lecturer of English Department at Tarbiyah faculty of IAIN Antasari Banjarmasin Alumni of English Department at Tarbiyah faculty of IAIN Antasari Banjarmasin ABSTRACT The research is conducted to find out of students’ difficulties in mastering passive voice of the eleventh grade students at Islamic Senior High School Riadhusshalihi at Sinar Bulan cademic Year 2011/2012 The subject of the research is 35 students at the eleventh grade students of Islamic Senior High School Riadhusshalihin at Sinar Bulan academic year 2011/2012. The object of this research is identification of students’ difficulties in mastering passive voice.The writer uses some techniques to collect data such as test, questionnaire, observation, interview and documentary. Data processing in this research is divided into five phases: editing, classification, scoring, tabulating and data interpretation. Then, all the data are analyzed by using descriptive qualitative and conclude by inductive method.The result of this research indicates that identification of students’ difficulties in mastering passive voice of the eleventh grade Students at Islamic Senior High School Riadhusshalihin at Sinar Bulan Academic Year 2011/2012 is in fair category. The most of students’ difficulty in mastering passive voice is identifying tenses whose 32 students or 91.43 % are wrong in answering the questions. Key Words: Identification, Students’ difficulties, mastering, Passive Voice Language is a very important in our life. The function of language is not only just a lesson, but also it is studied and used to express the idea, mind, opinion, and feeling either orally and written to others. A language can make a harmony among individuals, societies, ethnics and nations. Besides that through language people can know each other, understand more about something around them. In learning English, it means that someone not only has to learn all the skills namely listening, speaking, reading and writing, but also learn language components in English is grammar. Without learning grammar, English cannot be mastered, with a good grammar; the language will be easy to understand. Grammatical structure in English language is very important to be mastered. It is because when they are using four skills (listening, speaking, reading and writing), grammar is needed for organize the sentence and can influence the meaning of the sentence of text. Larsen and Freeman State, “Frequency of structure introduction has high relation to ability of students, they find the more a student listens or see a structure (pattern); they will be faster to master that ability” (Diane Larsen-Freeman, 1976). It is not easy in learning grammar, there are many problems in learning it. One of the most difficult topics is mastering of Passive Voice. Before Passive Voice can be mastered, students must understand and master tenses previously, if we master them, we will be easy in mastering Passive Voice. There are many difficulties in mastering of Passive Voice, namely in changing active to passive sentence, mistake in putting the correct verbs in particular Passive form, and forget putting to be before the verb in passive form etc. Passive Voice is one of problem faced by students in mastering English. Based on the writers’s observation at Islamic Senior High School Riadhusshalihin at Sinar Bulan, learning grammar especially Passive voice becomes a serious problem to students. Many students are still confused in mastering of passive voice. Some of them still do not understand how to make Passive voice sentences correctly, such as mistake in putting the correct verbs and forget putting to be, mistake in identifying subject and object. Statement of problems The problems which are represented in this research are: What are the students’ difficulties in mastering passive voice of the eleventh grade students on Islamic Senior High School Riadhushshalihin at Sinar Bulan Tanah Bumbu Regency academic year 2011/2012? METHOD OF RESEARCH Subject Subject of this research is 35 students and the object of this research is identification of students’ difficulties in mastering passive voice. Data, source of data and Technique of Data Collecting The primary data in this research is students’ difficulties in mastering passive voice of the eleventh grade students at Islamic Senior High School Riadhusshalihin at Sinar Bulan Academic Year 2011/2012, they are: Students’ difficulties in mastering passive voice. Technique of Data Collecting The techniques that are applied in this research, they are: written test, observation, Questionnaire, interview, and, documentary. Design of Measurement In this research, the students will answer 35 items of written test, the questions for combination in mastering of Passive voice, Present tense, Present Continuous Tense, Present Perfect Tense, Past Tense, Past Continuous Tense, Past Perfect Tense, Future present Tense, Future Past Tense and Modal. Every correct answer will be marked 2 per item for multiple choice, and 5 per item for essay test (change Active sentence to Passive voice) form The Maximum Expected Score (MES) for the test is 100. To know students’ difficulties in mastering passive voice, the writers use the formula of mean: M = ∑X N M = Mean ∑ X = Total score N = Total number of respondent To know the level of the eleventh grade students’ difficulties in mastering of passive voice, so the writer then interprets the scores according to students’ right answer, as follows: (Arikunto,1998: 76) 90 – <100 : Excellent 80 - <90 : Very Good 70 - <80 : Good 60 - <70 : Fair 50 - <60 : Poor 0 - <50 : Very Poor Data Analysis After all the data was collected and processed, then the data analyzed by using descriptive qualitative. The conclusion is taken by inductive way that is to synthesize the fact form specific into general conclusion. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION Findings To present the data, the writer uses tables which are completed by explanations. The description of identification of students’ difficulties in mastering of Passive Voice. Based on the test result, it is known that the students’ mastery of passive voice can be seen in the table below. Table 4.1 The Test Result of passive voice of the eleventh grade students at Islamic Senior High School Riadhusshalihin at Sinar Bulan. No Name of Type of Written Test Students Multiple Choice Essay Total Score T F T F T F 1 Ahmad Fauzi 8 17 1 9 21 79 2 Ahmad Rifani 18 7 6 4 66 34 3 Akhmad Syaufi 13 12 3 7 41 59 4 Arif Wahyu Ramadhan 11 14 1 9 27 73 5 Devianti 11 14 2 8 32 68 6 Dewi Hikmah 9 16 5 5 43 57 7 Emelia Fitriani 15 10 3 7 45 55 8 Erniawati 9 16 2 8 28 72 9 Fatmasari 9 16 3 7 33 67 10 Fatmini 8 17 4 6 36 64 11 Fitriani 14 11 4 6 48 52 12 Hairullah 9 16 0 10 18 82 13 Hairunnisa A 14 11 1 9 33 67 14 Hairunnisa B 10 15 5 5 45 55 15 Haris Fadillah 8 17 4 6 36 64 16 Lukman 7 18 1 9 19 81 17 M. Arsyad A 13 12 2 8 36 64 18 M. Arsyad B 11 14 4 6 42 58 19 M. Ervan 10 15 3 7 35 65 20 M. Hablillah 13 12 4 6 46 54 21 M. Husain 12 13 4 6 44 56 22 M. Ruspandi 5 20 2 8 20 80 23 Mei Santi 9 16 5 5 43 57 24 Noor Khalida Wati 19 6 3 7 53 47 25 Nur Hikmah Rahmawati 14 11 3 7 43 57 26 Nur Jannah 12 13 5 5 49 51 27 Nurul Ekhsan 5 20 5 5 35 65 28 Reandy Ar-Rahman 8 17 1 9 21 79 29 Said Muhammad Noor 12 13 5 5 49 51 30 Salasiah 10 15 3 7 35 65 31 Samsudin 8 17 1 9 21 79 32 Saubah 12 13 3 7 39 61 33 Sulaiman 7 18 4 6 34 66 34 Wahyuni 14 11 4 6 48 52 35 Yuli Putra Kurniawan 12 13 1 9 29 71 TOTAL 379 496 107 243 1293 2207 MEAN 10.83 14.17 3.06 6.94 36.94 63.05 Based on the students’ correct answer in written test, from the table 4.1 it is known that the highest score is 66, the lowest is 18. The accumulative score of two test forms (Multiple Choice and Essay) are 1293 with mean 36.94 (Very Poor Category). To find out the score of students’ difficulties in mastering passive voice at Islamic Senior High School at Sinar Bulan academic year 2011/2012, the writer divided the total score with the number of students. Mean of score is gotten by the pattern below: M = ∑ X N M = 2207 35 M = 63.05 Description: M = mean ∑ X = total score N = total number of respondent It means that the students’ difficulties in mastering passive voice at Islamic Senior High School at Sinar Bulan are fair category. And from the data it is known that the students’ highest score in wrong answers is 82 and the lowest score is 34. By analyzing the items test of the two types of the written test above, the writer has found that there are five problems are faced by students in mastering passive voice. They are: Students’ difficulties in identifying tenses From the table above, it can be seen that the highest wrong answer in identifying tenses (multiple choice item) is no. 25 that is 32 students (91.43%) and the second highest level is in no. 19 and 24 that are 30 students (85.71%). Table 4. 2 The students’ difficulties in identifying tense in Essay test form of the eleventh grade students at Islamic Senior High School Riadhusshalihin at Sinar Bulan. No Name of Students Essay Test (students’ difficulties in identifying tenses) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 Ahmad Fauzi 2 Ahmad Rifani √ 3 Akhmad Syaufi √ 4 Arif Wahyu Ramadhan √ 5 Devianti 6 Dewi Hikmah √ √ 7 Emelia Fitriani √ √ 8 Erniawati 9 Fatmasari √ 10 Fatmini √ 11 Fitriani 12 Hairullah 13 Hairunnisa A 14 Hairunnisa B √ √ √ 15 Haris Fadillah √ √ 16 Lukman 17 M. Arsyad A 18 M. Arsyad B √ 19 M. Ervan √ 20 M. Hablillah √ √ 21 M. Husain 22 M. Ruspandi 23 Mei Santi 24 Noor Khalida Wati 25 Nur Hikmah rahmawati √ √ √ √ 26 Nur Jannah √ √ 27 Nurul Ekhsan √ 28 Reandy Ar- Rahman 29 Said Muhammad Noor √ √ 30 Salasiah 31 Samsudin 32 Saubah √ 33 Sulaiman 34 Wahyuni √ 35 Yuli Putra Kurniawan √ Total 11 3 5 - 5 2 - 4 - - From the table above, it can be seen that the highest wrong in identifying tenses is in no. 1 that is 11 students (31.43%). Second, no. 3 and 5 that is 5 students (14.28%), third no. 8 that is 4 students (11.43), forth is in no.2 that is 3 students (8.57%), fifth is in no. 6 that is 2 students (5.71%). The students’ difficulties in mastering of passive voice (Essay items) data can be seen in appendix 5. Students’ Difficulties in Changing verb Table 4. 3 The students’ difficulties in changing verb in Essay test form of the eleventh grade students at Islamic Senior High School Riadhusshalihin at Sinar Bulan. No Name of Students Essay Test (students’ difficulties in changing verb) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 Ahmad Fauzi √ √ √ √ 2 Ahmad Rifani 3 Akhmad Syaufi √ 4 Arif Wahyu Ramadhan √ √ √ √ √ 5 Devianti 6 Dewi Hikmah √ √ √ 7 Emelia Fitriani √ √ √ 8 Erniawati √ 9 Fatmasari √ 10 Fatmini √ √ √ √ 11 Fitriani √ √ 12 Hairullah √ √ √ √ √ 13 Hairunnisa A √ √ √ √ 14 Hairunnisa B 15 Haris Fadillah √ √ √ 16 Lukman √ √ 17 M. Arsyad A √ √ √ 18 M. Arsyad B √ √ √ 19 M. Ervan √ √ √ 20 M. Hablillah √ √ 21 M. Husain √ √ √ √ √ 22 M. Ruspandi √ √ √ 23 Mei Santi √ √ 24 Noor Khalida Wati √ 25 Nur Hikmah rahmawati √ √ 26 Nur Jannah 27 Nurul Ekhsan √ 28 Reandy Ar- Rahman √ √ √ 29 Said Muhammad Noor √ 30 Salasiah √ √ 31 Samsudin √ √ √ √ √ 32 Saubah √ √ √ √ 33 Sulaiman √ √ √ √ 34 Wahyuni √ √ 35 Yuli Putra Kurniawan √ √ √ √ √ Total 11 1 2 18 11 1 3 20 8 14 From the table above, it can be seen that the highest wrong in changing verb is in no. 8 that is 20 students (57.14%). Second, no. 4 that is 18 students (51.43%), third no. 10 that is 14 students (40%), forth is in no.1 and 5 that is 11 students (31.43%), fifth is in no. 9 that is 8 students (22.86%), sixth is in no. 7 that is 3 students (8.57%), seventh is in no. 3 that is 2 students (5.71%) and the last is in no 2 and 6 that is 1 student (2.86%). Students’ Difficulties in Using To be Table 4.4. The students’ difficulties in using To be in Essay test form of the eleventh grade students at Islamic Senior High School Riadhusshalihin at Sinar Bulan. No Name of Students Essay Test (students’ difficulties in using To be) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 Ahmad Fauzi √ 2 Ahmad Rifani √ 3 Akhmad Syaufi √ √ 4 Arif Wahyu Ramadhan 5 Devianti √ √ 6 Dewi Hikmah 7 Emelia Fitriani √ 8 Erniawati √ √ 9 Fatmasari √ √ 10 Fatmini 11 Fitriani √ √ √ 12 Hairullah 13 Hairunnisa A √