Tira Nur Fitria LET: Linguistics, Literature and Language Teaching Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 2020 LET: Linguistics, Literature and English Teaching Journal ||Volume||10||Issue||1||Pages||111-132||2020|| |P-ISSN: 20869606; E-ISSN: 25492454| Available online at: http://jurnal.uin-antasari.ac.id/index.php ANALYSIS OF DEIXIS IN THE MOVIE SUBTITLE OF “FIRST KISS” Tira Nur Fitria tiranurfitria@gmail.com STIE AAS of Surakarta, Indonesia Article History: Received: 26th April 2020 Accepted: 29 June 2020 The objective of this research is to analyze type and its examples of deixis found in the movie subtitle of “First Kiss”. This research method of this method is qualitative method. In data collection technique, the researcher uses document analysis. The result of this research shows that three types of deixis found in the movie subtitle of “First Kiss” movie such as a person, time, and place deixis. In-person deixis, the deictic expressions are the personal pronoun “I” as a singular subject pronoun, ‘Me” as singular object pronoun, “My” as a possessive adjective, “We” as a plural subject pronoun, “Us” as object pronoun, “Our” as a possessive adjective. In the second person, they are “You” as a subject and object pronoun, and “Your” as an object pronoun. The third person “He” as a subject pronoun, “Him” as object pronoun, and “His” as a possessive adjective, ‘She” as a subject pronoun, “Her” as object pronoun and as possessive adjective, “It” as subject and object pronoun. In space/spatial/place deixis, the deictic expressions are “here” and “there”. While in the temporal/time deixis, the deictic expressions are “now” and “tomorrow”. Corresponding Author: Tel.: Keywords: Deixis; deictic expression; subtitle; movie INTRODUCTION Language plays an important role in our daily lives. Language is one of the results of human culture that is very high value because with language, humans can communicate and interact with the surrounding community. With language as well, humans can also grow, develop and abstract various symptoms that appear http://jurnal.uin-antasari.ac.id/index.php mailto:tiranurfitria@gmail.com P a g e | 112 Tira Nur Fitria LET: Linguistics, Literature and Language Teaching Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 2020 in their environment. It is clear that language has a very important role in social life. Communication will run smoothly if the target language used correctly. This means, the language is used according to the situation and condition of the speaker and the nature of the narrative is implemented. It really depends on the determining factor in the act of language or act of communication, namely the other person, the purpose of the speaker, the problem being discussed, and the situation. The use of language like this is called pragmatics. Pragmatics is a branch of language that is increasingly recognized today. This was based on the awareness of the linguists that efforts to uncover the nature of language would not bring the expected results without being based on an understanding of pragmatics, namely how the language was used in communication (Leech, 1996: 1). There are several things that are studied in pragmatic studies. Deixis as a construction in pragmatics. Deixis is a universal phenomenon in the language (Lenz, 2003, p. 187). Deixis has been associated with the gestural dimension of the language (Duchan et al., 2012, p. 22). In linguistics, deixis refers to words and phrases that cannot be fully understood without additional contextual information (Wikipedia, 2020). Deixis enables the addressee to refer to entities in the context in the utterances (West, 2013, p. 3). The word “deixis” has its origins from the Greek word which means “to show” or “to point” (Nguyen, 2017). An utterance, “I told her yesterday, when she was here” (Weissenborn & Klein, 1982, p. 3). This sentence is fully understandable if we can identify that, 1) The speaker says the word “I”. It does not tell us who performed the action, 2) The time of utterance. We do not know when “yesterday” was. 3) Where this sentence was uttered, because ‘here’ can be everywhere. 4) Whom the speakers speaking to. The utterance says of it is a female person ‘she’ as object pronoun into ‘her’. According to (Blake, 2008), deixis refers to the distinctions of space relative to the speakers (such as here, there), time relative to the speech event (then, now, right now), and the personal/participants in the speech event (subject and object pronoun). P a g e | 113 Tira Nur Fitria LET: Linguistics, Literature and Language Teaching Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 2020 Bublitz & Norrick (2011) states that the study of deixis is important in studying pragmatic. It is because the deictic system refers to the point of intersection between linguistic structure and the social setting where speech or utterance takes place. In the standard contemporary English, language sources are distinguished by spatial (here and there), temporal (now, then, and tense), person (pronominal), discourse (a reference to the prior talk), and social (indicators of social identity/status social relations with the participants and context). Deixis can be used deictically and non-deictically. For example personal deixis, and demonstrative (both pronoun and determiners), adverbs of space and time. (Allott, 2010, p. 57) there are several kinds of deixis as the basis of the context are encoded, they are person deixis, spatial, temporal deixis, discourse deixis, and social deixis. To classify something as deictic, it means that the expression derives part of its meaning from the context. (Deictics allow the interlocutor to point something in the context then enabling them to orientate themselves in a variety of ways which can be personally, spatially and temporally (O’Keeffe et al., 2011). There are examples of deictic and non-deictic expression. First, in personal (pronoun). The non-deictic expression in personal “you”. First, the sentence “I give you some money”. The personal pronoun ‘you’ is deictic expression. The speaker identifies a particular person (an addressee) as the referent. The deictic ‘you’ also shows by the gesture such as eye contact. Second, the sentence “There is a library there that you borrow a book for a week and you can restore it. The personal pronoun ‘you’ here is non-deictic expression. In this examples, it implies that anyone can borrow the book in this library. Second, in demonstrative. Demonstrative, like English ‘this, that, here, and there’ occur in all known human languages. They are typically used to individuate objects in the immediate context in which they are uttered, by pointing at them to direct attention to them (Hanks, 2017). The non-deictic expression in demonstrative “this”. First, the sentence “Will I give him this bottle?”. The demonstrative pronoun ‘this’ is deictic expression. The speaker points a thing P a g e | 114 Tira Nur Fitria LET: Linguistics, Literature and Language Teaching Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 2020 ‘bottle’ to the addressee. Second, the sentence “I mean the post office in one of our meeting places where the people would go along and inquiry about this and another thing”. The demonstrative pronoun ‘this’ is non-deictic expression. The speaker here refers to various meanings, unspecified things, or trivial matters. Third, in space and time. The non-deictic expression in time and space “there”. First, the sentence “There was a crowd there”. The adverbial place “there” is a deictic expression. The speakers perhaps show something to the addressee in an unknown place. Second, the sentence “There was a crowd there”. The adverbial place “there” is non-deictic expression. The usage “there” has functioned as a dummy subject. Dummy subject is considered to have no semantic content and fill the necessary subject slot. There are some previous studies related to this research. First, is research written by Luthfia (2015) entitled “An Analysis of Deixis Types in the Novel “Everything About Him” By Rita Clay Estrada”. The purposes of this study were to find out the types of deixis and the frequency of each deixis type in the novel. Second, is research written by Fatimah (2017) entitled “An Analysis of Deixis Used by English Teacher of the Eleventh Grade Students of MAN Sukoharjo”. The aims of this research is to classify the types of deixis, the types of reference and the referents meaning are used by English teacher. Third, is research written by Purba (2015) entitled “Deixis In Inauguration Speech Of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono”. The objectives of this research are to find out the dominant types of deixis, to know the process of deixis and to know the reason of using deixis in the speech. Third, is research written by Nasution et al., (2018) entitled “Deixis Analysis In The Song Lyrics Of Ed Sheeran’s Divide Album”. This research aims to analyze types, to interpret the reference meaning and find out the most dominant type of deixis in the song lyrics. Those studies have same focus with this research about deixis. For example the first research focuses on novel, the second research focuses on English teacher’s utterances, the third research focuses on speech, and the fourth research focuses on song lyrics. But this research focuses the other subjects, especially on P a g e | 115 Tira Nur Fitria LET: Linguistics, Literature and Language Teaching Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 2020 the movie subtitle. Those studies also has the same objectives about to find the type of deixis and the most dominant type of deixis. This research have similiraties with those objective’s studies. Here, the research is interested in conduct a research about deixis (deictic expression) and takes the title “Deixis Analysis in Movie subtitle of “First Kiss”. The objective of the research here is to analyze the type and function of aach deixis in the movie subtitle of “First Kiss”. RESEARCH METHOD This research method was qualitative method. It referred to the broadest sense of research that produces descriptive data based on people’s own both written and spoken words and observable behaviour (Taylor et al., 2015, p. 7). There was certain data collection methods in qualitative research such as observational, in-depth interviews, group discussions, narratives and documentary analysis (Maruster, 2013, p. 5). As stated by that was important to use the document and the outcome, so it could keep an analytic trail of the data exploration. (Hennink et al., 2020, p. 238). Here, the research used document analysis in this research. This researcher used a documentary study because the data was in the form of a document or written text (Fitria, 2019). In this research, the researcher analyzed the deixis of the movie subtitle entitled “First Kiss”. “First Kiss” was Thai movie which was released at 2012. It was a romantic comedy which tells about a 25 year old women who accidentally kisses a high school boy on a city bus. The data of this study was movie subtitle that consist of types of deixis which was categorized three types of deixis based on Levinson’s theory. After obtaining the data, procedure of analyzing data consist of several steps, such as, 1) The researcher looked for the movies, 2) The researcher decides to choose a ‘First Kiss’ movie. 3) The researcher downloaded the movie. 4) The researcher watched a movie. 5) The researcher looked for its movie subtitle in the form of srt. 6). The researcher identified the utterances in movie subtitle based on three types of deixis. 7) The researcher categorized deixis. 8) The researcher P a g e | 116 Tira Nur Fitria LET: Linguistics, Literature and Language Teaching Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 2020 analyzed the deixis based on the context of the movie. 8) The researcher described it and made a conclusion of the research. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS Deixis or deictic expressions can be one of several types, referring to who, where, and when (Nordquist, 2018). The three categories of deixis are related to person, place and time (Levinson et al., 1983, p. 62). In person/personal deixis, it is divided into three parts, such as the first-person, second-person, and third- person deixis. The description and examples are can be found in the movie subtitle “First Kiss” as follow: Personal Deixis Personal deixis is a word referred to as the person being uttered. There are three main kinds of this type, such as a first, second, and third person. There are some examples of person deixis in movie subtitle “First Kiss” as follows: First Person First person deixis refers to the speaker’s himself. Subject “I” is the singular pronoun and as a subject pronoun, while “me” as an objective pronoun. Subject “we” is the plural pronoun and as a subject pronoun. While the subject “us” as the object. Below the example of personal deixis found in the movie subtitle as follow: Datum 19 (00:03:00,600 --> 00:03:02,040) I'm still waiting for Ohm. Datum 42 (00:05:10,680 --> 00:05:12,800) After I finished BA from Harvard. Datum 43 (00:05:12,800 --> 00:05:15,800) I went for MA at Oxford. P a g e | 117 Tira Nur Fitria LET: Linguistics, Literature and Language Teaching Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 2020 Datum 44 (00:05:15,960 --> 00:05:18,480) Then I came back to Thailand Datum 104 (00:10:57,200 --> 00:10:58,960) Do I really look psycho to you? The utterance in datum 19 above is said by Ohm as a speaker. There is found the first-person deixis of I. It refers to the speaker himself. The pronoun “I” in this conversation shows as the singular pronoun. The function of deixis “I” is the subject pronoun. Based on the context, the speaker named Ohm, he tells to the addressee that he has finished BA at Harvard, he continued MA at Oxford, then came back to her country, Thailand. The utterances in datum 42, 43, and 44 above are said by Sa as a speaker. There is found the first-person deixis of I. It refers to the speaker herself. The pronoun “I” in this conversation shows as the singular pronoun. The function of deixis “I” is the subject pronoun. Based on the context, the speaker named Sa, she wants the addressee to know that she is still waiting for Ohm. While in an utterance in datum 104. The speaker is Ohm. Ohm says to addressee “you’ as Sa. He asks Sa is he look like a psycho. Datum 103 (00:10:52,440 --> 00:10:56,960) What did you call me? A psycho? Datum 242 (00:22:41,920 --> 00:22:44,840) Tomorrow, meet me here at ten and dress beautifully. The utterance above datum 103 is said by Bass as a speaker. There is found first-person deixis of “me”. It refers to the speaker himself. The pronoun “me” in P a g e | 118 Tira Nur Fitria LET: Linguistics, Literature and Language Teaching Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 2020 this conversation shows as the singular pronoun. The function of deixis “me” is the object pronoun. He wants the ask to the addressee Sa, about what is the call to him. While the utterance in datum 242 is said by Bass while the addressee refers to Sa. Based on the context, Bass ask s Sa to meet hit at ten o’clock with a beautiful dress. Datum 142 (00:13:55,000 --> 00:13:57,640) I'll meet you at you school and we'll see! The utterance in datum 142 above is said by Sa as a speaker. There is found the first-person deixis of “We”. It refers to the speaker herself. The pronoun “We” in this conversation shows as the plural pronoun. The function of deixis “We” is the subject plural pronoun. Sa says to “you” which refers to Bass. She will meet Bass at school. So, “We” here refers to two persons named Sa and Bass. The personal pronoun ‘we’ is usually to encode the speaker’s role and possibly the addressee as entities in space (Marmaridou, 2000, p. 110). Datum 757 (01:12:15,520 --> 01:12:17,800) If you don't have any plan, join us. The utterance in datum 757 above is said by Ohm as a speaker. There is found the first-person deixis of “Us”. The pronoun “Us” in this conversation shows as the plural pronoun. The function of deixis “Us” is the object plural pronoun. Ohm invites the addressee “you” which refers to Sa’s friends to join with Ohm and Sa’s family. Based on the context before, Ohm talks with Sa and her family about going vacations. P a g e | 119 Tira Nur Fitria LET: Linguistics, Literature and Language Teaching Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 2020 Datum 11 – (00:02:24,320 --> 00:02:26,920) However, our story finally ended, because Ohm went out with Pam. The utterance in datum 11 above is said by Sa as a speaker. There is found the first-person deixis of “Our”. It refers to the speaker and other herself. The pronoun “Our” in this conversation shows as the plural pronoun. The function of deixis “I” is the possessive pronoun. She wants the addressee to know that “Our” refers to the Sa (herself) as a speaker and other person named Ohm. She tells that her and Ohm’s story is finally ended because Ohm is dating with another girl named Pam. Second Person Deixis Second person deixis is the encoding of the speaker‟s reference to one or more addresses. In second person deixis, included words are: “you” and “your”. Subject “You” is the singular pronoun and as a subject pronoun, while “Your” as an objective pronoun. Below the example of personal deixis found in the movie subtitle as follow: Datum 41 (00:05:06,400 --> 00:05:09,680) I thought you still live in London. Datum 109 (00:11:07,400 --> 00:11:10,880) I didn't intend to kiss you. I'm sorry. Datum 123 (00:12:49,840 --> 00:12:51,160 Why did you kiss me? P a g e | 120 Tira Nur Fitria LET: Linguistics, Literature and Language Teaching Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 2020 In the utterances above, the datum 41 is said by Sa as a speaker. There is found second person deixis of “You”. It refers to the addressee. The pronoun “You” in this conversation shows as the singular pronoun. The function of deixis “You” is the subject pronoun. Here, the addressee is Ohm. Sa thinks that Om still lives in London because she does not meet Ohm for a long time. Based on the previous conversation, that Om lives in London. He studies BA at Harvard, then continued MA at Oxford. In datum 109, the speaker is Bass. He said to the addressee named Sa that he does not intend to kiss Sa on the bus when the bus stopped suddenly. While in datum 123 shows that the pronoun “you” is Bass as the speaker. “Me” here is Sa. Sa asks the reason for Bass why he kisses her. Datum 299 (00:27:36,960 --> 00:27:39,240) Why don't you introduce your friends? Datum 442 (00:40:32,040 --> 00:40:35,920) Please open your heart for me The utterance above is said by Bass as a speaker. There is found second person deixis of “Your”. The pronoun “Your” in this conversation shows as the plural pronoun. “Your” here refers to Sa’s friends, while “you” refers to Sa. Based on the context, Sa and Bass have lunch at the restaurant then meet with Sa’s friends, then Bass asks Sa to introduce hum in front of Sa’s friends. While in the utterance in datum 442 is said by Bass. The addressee is Sa. Based on the context, Bass asks Sa to open her heart. In the previous conversation, Bass says his feeling to Sa at school when she meets him. Third Person Deixis Third-person deixis is the word that referred to a person that the speakers and addressees in the utterance. Third-person deixis is deictic is a word that P a g e | 121 Tira Nur Fitria LET: Linguistics, Literature and Language Teaching Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 2020 referred to a referent that is not identified as the speaker or addressee. In third- person deixis, included words as subjects like “he, she, it” are singular personal pronoun. The functions are as a subject pronoun. While, pronoun “him, her, it” as the object pronoun. The pronoun “they” as the plural personal pronoun. The function is a subject pronoun. While the pronoun “them” as the object pronoun. Below the example of personal deixis found in the movie subtitle as follow: Datum 252 (00:23:56,840 --> 00:23:59,000) No way. They don't look alike. Datum 253 (00:23:59,520 --> 00:24:00,880) I don't think they're relative. The utterance in datum 252 above is said by Sa as a speaker. The addressee is Bass. There is found third person deixis of “They”. It refers to the Sa’s twin brother named Tie and Tik. The pronoun “They” in this conversation shows as the plural pronoun. The function of deixis “They” is the subject pronoun. Based on the context, Sa asks Bass to her apartment, then he finds a photo of Sa’s twin brother. Bass says that the twin brothers are not similar. Datum 959 (01:33:51,800 --> 01:33:53,360) You don't have to send them over here. Datum 966 (01:35:55,880 --> 01:35:58,480) Yes, I send them to check you out last night. P a g e | 122 Tira Nur Fitria LET: Linguistics, Literature and Language Teaching Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 2020 The utterance in datum 959 above is said by Sa as a speaker. There is found third person deixis of “Them”. The pronoun “Them” in this conversation shows as the plural pronoun. The function of deixis “Them” is the object pronoun. “Them” here refers to two people, Sa’s twin brothers. The addressee is Sa’s mother. Based on the context, Sa says to her mother to do not send her brothers in the apartment. The utterance datum 966 also said by Sa’s mother as a speaker. And the addressee is Sa. Based on the context, Sa’s said to Sa that she send Sa’s twin brothers for checking the Sa’s condition because in the previous conversation Sa is sick. Datum 37 (00:04:28,040 --> 00:04:31,400) Now, he comes back to my life again. Datum 177 (00:16:57,800 --> 00:17:00,720) He should be punished for what he has done Datum 178 (00:17:01,480 --> 00:17:03,040) So he won't do it again. The utterance in datum 37 is said by Sa as a speaker. The addresses refer to Ohm. There is found third person deixis of “He”. The pronoun “He” in this conversation shows as the singular pronoun. The function of deixis “He” is the subject pronoun. Based on the context, Sa said to herself that Ohm comes back to her life again. In precious conversation, Ohm lives London for studying. While in utterances in datum 177 and 178 is said by the headmistress. The addressee is Sa. The pronoun “he” refers to the singular third person. Here, “He” refers to Bass. Based on the context in the previous conversation, Bass saves Sa’s cellphone, then Sa meets him at the headmistress’s office. The headmistress says to Sa that Bass should be punished for he has done, and she will ask Bass do no-repeat it again. P a g e | 123 Tira Nur Fitria LET: Linguistics, Literature and Language Teaching Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 2020 Datum 448 (00:42:06,320 --> 00:42:08,160) I just want you to forget him. Datum 635 (01:03:08,200 --> 01:03:09,400) You invite him to stay with you? The utterance in datum 448 above is said by Bass as a speaker, and the addressee is Sa. The third person is Ohm. There is found third person deixis of “Him”. The pronoun “Him” in this conversation shows as the singular pronoun. The function of deixis “Him” is the object pronoun. Based on the context, Bass wants Sa to forget Ohm because in the previous conversation, Bass declares his felling but Sa is still loving Ohm, her first love. In utterance datum 635, the speaker is Sa’s friends. While the addressee is Sa. Based on the context, Sa’s friends ask Sa whether she invites Bass to stay with her in the apartment. In the previous conversation, Bass is gotten rid of his father because Bass brings Sa in his home. Datum 344 (00:30:13,720 --> 00:30:16,080) She resembles my mom. That's my type. Datum 351 (00:31:09,440 --> 00:31:10,560) She doesn't look familiar. Datum 352 (00:31:11,160 --> 00:31:12,480) She looks too old. P a g e | 124 Tira Nur Fitria LET: Linguistics, Literature and Language Teaching Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 2020 Datum 358 (00:31:25,840 --> 00:31:27,640) She's not studying in our school. Datum 361 (00:31:35,960 --> 00:31:38,720) That's why she follows me here. The utterance in datum 344 and 354 above is said by Bass’s friends as a speaker. There is found third person deixis of “She”. It refers to Sa as the third person. The pronoun “She” in this conversation shows as the singular pronoun. The function of deixis “She” is the subject pronoun. The speakers (Bass’s friends) say that Sa is similar to his mom, Sa is nor familiar in school, and she looks too old than other students. Based on the context, Sa poses a student to meet Bass at his school for taking her cellphone. While the utterance datum 258 and 361 is said by Bass. The addressee is Bass’s friends. Bass says to his friends about Sa. He says that Sa is not studying at this school because she already works. He also says that Sa admired Bass then follow him until at school. Datum 162 (00:15:42,560 --> 00:15:44,440) Do you steal her cellphone? Datum 168 (00:16:01,160 --> 00:16:02,880) You must give her phone back now. Datum 756 (01:12:11,760 --> 01:12:15,280) I'm taking Sa and her family on a vacation. P a g e | 125 Tira Nur Fitria LET: Linguistics, Literature and Language Teaching Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 2020 The utterances above, both in datum 162 and 168 above as said by a headmistress as a speaker. There is found third person deixis of “Her”. It refers to the headmistress. The pronoun “Her” in this conversation shows as the singular pronoun, while the function of deixis “Her” refers to the possessive pronoun. “Her” here refers to Sa. The headmistress asks “you” which refers to Bass whether he has stolen Sa’s cellphone or not. Then, based on the context, Sa’s cellphone is taken by Bass in the previous meeting. Then, the speaker asks Bass to give the phone to Sa as the owner. While, in an utterance in datum 756, the speaker here is Bass. The addressee is Sa’s friend. The pronoun “her” refers to the possessive pronoun. So, “her” refers to Sa’s family. Datum 164 (00:15:48,480 --> 00:15:51,600) I caught him but he refused to give it back. The utterance above, in datum 164 is said by Sa as a speaker. There is found third person deixis of “It”. The pronoun “It” in this conversation shows as the singular pronoun. The function of deixis “It” is the object pronoun. The speaker here talks with the headmistress that she caught him (Bass) but he (Bass) refused to give the phone back. “It” here refers to the phone. Based on the context, Sa’s cellphone is lost, so that she came to a school to meet Bass, the last boy she met on the bus. 218 (00:20:16,920 --> 00:20:19,480) Sorry. It was my customer calling. The utterance in datum 218 above is said by Ohm as a speaker. The addressee is Sa. There is found third person deixis of “It”. The pronoun “It” in this P a g e | 126 Tira Nur Fitria LET: Linguistics, Literature and Language Teaching Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 2020 conversation shows as the singular pronoun. The function of deixis “It” here refers to the subject pronoun. Based on the context, when Ohm and Sa are having dinner in a traditional Chinese restaurant, suddenly Ohm’s phone is ringing, then he says to Sa that the rang call is from his customer’s calling. Space/Spatial/Place Deixis Place deixis is the encoding of spatial location relative to the location of the participants in the speech event. The place deictic term “here” and “there” can refer to the location of the speaker or to locations at various distances from the speaker (Cummings, 2013, p. 26). The adverbial expression such as here, there, where, when, up, down, etc. indicate location whose reference can only be determined related to the location of the utterances where they occur (Grundy, 2013, p. 28). There are some examples of place deixis in movie subtitle “First Kiss” as follows: Datum 210 (00:19:35,240 --> 00:19:36,160) What are you doing here? Datum 242 (00:22:41,920 --> 00:22:44,840) Tomorrow, meet me here at ten and dress beautifully. The utterance in datum 218 above is said by Sa. In this utterance, there is found place deixis of “here”. Based on the context, the conversation is taking place in a restaurant. In the previous conversations, when Sa and Ohm have dinner together in The Chinese restaurant on Sukhumvit, Sa meets with Bass which follows her. While in an utterance in datum 242 is said by Bass. The addressee is Sa. Based on the context, the conversation takes place on the terrace of Sa’s apartment. Bass slept on the chair of the terrace in Sa’s apartment, the in P a g e | 127 Tira Nur Fitria LET: Linguistics, Literature and Language Teaching Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 2020 the morning he meets with Sa. Then, he asks Sa to meet him at that place and asks Sa to dress beautifully because he will go to the cinema with her. Datum 144 (00:13:59,400 --> 00:14:03,640) If you can find out where I study, then, see me there. Datum 964 (01:35:45,520 --> 01:35:47,200) Have Tle and Tik arrived there yet? The utterance in datum 144 above is said by Bass. In this utterance, there is found place deixis of “there”. Based on the context, the conversation via phone and it take place in a school. In the previous conversations, Sa and Bass in the same bus and sit side by side. Then, Sa’s cellphone is lost. Sa tries to find a cellphone, then remember it. Then, she calls her cellphone's number and the cellphone is taken by Bass. Bass says to Sa, if she can find the school, he will give her cellphone to her. While in utterance datum 964 is said by Sa. Based on the context, the conversation is via phone and it takes place in Sa’s apartment. The addressee is Sa’s mother. In the previous conversation, Sa says to her mother that she is an unwell condition, then her mother wants to ask her twin sons to visit Sa’s. She asks her whether her brothers have arrived in the apartment or not. Time/Temporal Deixis Time deixis is the encoding of temporal points and spanning relative to the time where the utterance is spoken. Time deictic expressions like the conjunction ‘yesterday’ and ‘tomorrow’ etc (Rauh, 1983, p. 14). A temporal adverbial is used to specify the reference time or the situation time of a given utterance (Chung, 2012, p. 80). There are some examples of time deixis in movie subtitle “First Kiss” as follows: P a g e | 128 Tira Nur Fitria LET: Linguistics, Literature and Language Teaching Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 2020 Datum 38 (00:04:33,200 --> 00:04:36,040) I've never imagined this moment before, but now it's real. Datum 130 (00:13:18,840 --> 00:13:21,000) You better give it back to me now. Datum 497 (00:47:39,760 --> 00:47:42,840) Now my friends know that you are high school boy. Datum 242 (00:22:41,920 --> 00:22:44,840) Tomorrow, meet me here at ten. Datum 603 (00:59:59,240 --> 01:00:02,160) You have to go to school tomorrow. Datum 679 (01:06:00,360 --> 01:06:03,080) Yes, meeting is set at 10 o'clock tomorrow. In the utterances above, in datum 38, 130, and 497 shows a deictic expression of “now”. The deictic expression “now” is related to the tense of the present and the present continous tense. While, in the utterances in datum 242, 603, and 679 shows a deictic expression of “tomorrow”. The deictic expression “tomorrow” is related to the tense of the future tense. Time deixis refers to the current time when the utterance is spoken. (Josh, 2019). P a g e | 129 Tira Nur Fitria LET: Linguistics, Literature and Language Teaching Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 2020 DISCUSSION In traditional categories of deixis are related to person, place and time (Levinson et al., 1983, p. 62). Person deixis is related to encoding of the participants’ role in the speech event where the utterance is delivered. Perkins (1992, p. 101), the personal pronoun in English consist of the numbers (singular and plural), the genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter), and three-person of view (first, second, and third). The category of the first person is grammaticalization of the speaker’s reference to himself. The second person is encoding of reference to persons and entities where the speakers and addressees of the utterances. Place deixis is the encoding of spatial location relative to the location of the participants in the speech event. Time deixis is the encoding of temporal points and spanning relative to the time where the utterance is spoken. There are three main kinds of deixis: person, time, and place deixis. In- person deixis, it consists of three parts: first, second, and third-person deixis. Each type of deixis has the function that can be found in the movie subtitle “First Kiss”. The function of the first person deixis used to change the function of a person who is speaking about themselves. The function of second person deixis used to change the function of describing another person who he or she is told with him. The function of third-person deixis used to change the function of describing another person. In-person deixis, there is a deictic expression found in the movie subtitle “First Kiss” in the first, second and third person. In the first person ”I” as a singular subject pronoun, “Me” as a singular object pronoun, “My” as a possessive adjective pronoun, “We” as a plural subject pronoun. “Us” as the plural object pronoun. The second person, such as “You” as singular/plural subject and object pronoun, and “your” as singular/plural object pronoun. And third person such as “We” as a plural subject pronoun, “Us” as plural object pronoun, “Our” as a possessive adjective pronoun, “They” as a plural subject pronoun, “Them” as the plural object pronoun. “He” as a singular subject pronoun, “Him” as singular object pronoun, and “His” as a possessive pronoun, “She” as a P a g e | 130 Tira Nur Fitria LET: Linguistics, Literature and Language Teaching Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 2020 singular subject pronoun, “Her” as singular object pronoun, “Hers” as a possessive adjective pronoun. In space/spatial/place deixis which is found in the movie subtitle “First Kiss” are “here” and “there”. The adverb of place indicates the location whose reference can be determined related to the location of the utterances where they happened. In this deixis, it relates to the specification of the location in space relative to the participants at utterances time in a speech event. In place deixis is usually expressed by using adverbs of space (Huang, 2012, p. 288). While in the temporal/time deixis in the movie subtitle “First Kiss” are the use of adverb of time such as “now” and “tomorrow”. Time deixis is the encoding of temporal points and spans relative to the time that the utterances are produced in a speech event (Huang, 2012, p. 304). Time deixis is commonly expressed by adverbs of time and tense. CONCLUSION The result of the analysis, it shows that there are three types of deixis found in the movie subtitle of “First Kiss” movie such as a person, time, and place deixis. In-person deixis, there are some deictic expressions such as the personal pronoun “I” as a singular subject pronoun, ‘Me” as singular object pronoun, “My” as a possessive adjective pronoun, “We” as a plural subject pronoun, “Us” as object pronoun, “Our” as a possessive adjective pronoun. In the second person, they are “You” as subject and object pronoun, and “Your” as object pronoun. The third person, they are “He” a subject pronoun, “Him” as object pronoun, and “His” as a possessive pronoun, ‘She” as a subject pronoun, “Her” as object pronoun and as possessive adjective pronoun, “It” as subject and object pronoun. The adverb of the place indicates location whose reference can be determined related to the location of the utterances where they happened. While in the temporal/time deixis in the movie subtitle “First Kiss” are the use of adverb of time such as “now” and “tomorrow”. P a g e | 131 Tira Nur Fitria LET: Linguistics, Literature and Language Teaching Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 2020 REFERENCES Allott, N. (2010). Key Terms in Pragmatics. A&C Black. Blake, B. J. (2008). All About Language: A Guide. OUP Oxford. Bublitz, W., & Norrick, N. R. (2011). Foundations of Pragmatics. Walter de Gruyter. Chung, K.-S. (2012). Space in Tense: The Interaction of Tense, Aspect, Evidentiality and Speech Acts in Korean. John Benjamins Publishing. Cummings, L. (2013). Pragmatics: A Multidisciplinary Perspective. Routledge. Duchan, J. F., Bruder, G. A., & Hewitt, L. E. (2012). Deixis in Narrative: A Cognitive Science Perspective. Psychology Press. Fatimah, A. I. (2017). An Analysis of Deixis Used by English Teacher of the Eleventh Grade Students of MAN Sukoharjo in Academic Year of 2016/2017 [Skripsi, IAIN Surakarta]. http://eprints.iain- surakarta.ac.id/1316/ Fitria, T. N. (2019). An Analysis Of Directive Speech Act Found In “Koi Mil Gaya” Movie. Journal of Pragmatics Research, 01(02), 11. Grundy, P. (2013). Doing Pragmatics. Routledge. Hennink, M., Hutter, I., & Bailey, A. (2020). Qualitative Research Methods. SAGE. Huang, Y. (2012). The Oxford Dictionary of Pragmatics. OUP Oxford. Lenz, F. (2003). Deictic Conceptualisation of Space, Time, and Person. John Benjamins Publishing. Luthfia, U. (2015, December 2). An Analysis of Deixis Types in the Novel “Everything About Him” By Rita Clay Estrada [Skripsi]. IAIN Tulungagung. http://repo.iain-tulungagung.ac.id/2868/ Maruster, L. (2013). Qualitative Research Methods. SAGE. Nasution, D. R. A., Setiadi, G., & Ilza, S. S. (2018). Deixis Analysis In The Song Lyrics Of Ed Sheeran’s Divide Album. 2, 7. Nguyen, H. M. (2017). Deixis Types with focus on Time Deixis and Deictic Circle. Grin. https://www.grin.com/document/436399 Nordquist, R. (2018, September 10). Deictic Expression (Deixis). ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/deictic-expression-deixis-1690428 O’Keeffe, A., Clancy, B., & Adolphs, S. (2011). Introducing Pragmatics in Use. Routledge. Perkins, R. D. (1992). Deixis, Grammar, and Culture. John Benjamins Publishing. Purba, R. (2015). Deixis In Inauguration Speech Of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. 17(1), 11. P a g e | 132 Tira Nur Fitria LET: Linguistics, Literature and Language Teaching Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 2020 Rauh, G. (1983). Essays on Deixis. Gunter Narr Verlag. Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., & DeVault, M. (2015). Introduction to Qualitative Research Methods: A Guidebook and Resource. John Wiley & Sons. Weissenborn, J., & Klein, W. (1982). Here and There: Cross-linguistic Studies on Deixis and Demonstration. John Benjamins Publishing. West, D. E. (2013). Deictic Imaginings: Semiosis at Work and at Play. Springer Science & Business Media. Wikipedia. (2020). Deixis. In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deixis&oldid=945420901