Linguistic, English Education and Art (LEEA) Journal Volume 3 Nomor 2, Juni 2020 e-ISSN :2597-3819 p-ISSN:2597-9248 DOI : https://doi.org/10.31539/leea.v3i2.1177 364 THE EMOTIONAL LEXICON USED BY MALE AND FEMALE COMMUNICATION: STUDY OF BALINESE LANGUAGE USED IN SOUTH KUTA-BALI I Gusti Ayu Vina Widiadnya Putri 1 Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar I Dewa Ayu Devi Maharani Santika 2 Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar vina.ayu422@gmail.com 1 Submit, 23-04-2020 Accepted, 13-06-2020 Publish, 14-06-2020 ABSTRACT The aims of this research is to analyse about the differences of emotional lexicon used by male and female communication in South Kuta-Bali when they used Balinese language in their daily interaction. The scope of male and female is closely related to the social behavior which includes the social identity of male and female in society and this becomes the basis of how the language is used in this context of social. This research is interested to uncover more how people use language in terms of expressing their emotional in social interaction. This study is a sociolinguistic approach used the theory from Hickey, Raymon (2010). The data source in this study is the south Kuta community who use Balinese language in social interactions. The Data collection is done by observation, interview, recording and note taking and descriptive qualitative method is applied to analyze the data. The result of the analysis found that the emotional lexical is used by the male and female in their social interaction, it could mention that both Augmentatives and Euphemisms is used by male and female in their social interaction however the augmentative is mostly used by female in informal occasion. Balinese female often used prohibition instead of imperative in expressing her idea about ordering someone to do something. In the other hand, the male directly used imperative sentence in ordering something. He usually does not use many awkwardness to say his point in a conversation. This may be considered that the male often go to the straight point when expressing his idea. Keywords: Emotional Lexicon, Male and Female INTRODUCTION Indonesian has thousand local languages that really interesting to be disused. In Indonesian there are a lot of lexicons that are used both in oral and written communication. Different Lexicon used have different functions from mailto:vina.ayu422@gmail.com 2020. Linguistics, English Education and Art (LEEA) Journal 3 (2):364-372 365 each other based on context of situation. The differences in the words Perempuan and Wanita are also analyzed that Perempuan tend to show women in relation to their role in the public domain, whereas Wanita tend to show women in relation to their roles in the domestic domain (Yuliawati, 2018). Although in general the word woman is only to indicate a person's gender,but it can be different in meaning based on context of situation. In Oral communication like Advertisment Lexicon choices also used to influence the reader or hearer. One is to use the emotional appeal uses in its advertising film. In addition, it displays the expression of sadness. (Limbong & Winarni, 2017) Lexicon research has become interesting when talking about the arts. Art in music can increase the ability to remember the English lexicon both delivered by conventional methods and through music with children's songs. (Sudirma et al., 2019). The Children will absorb language according to their age. Language lexicon given by parents from birth will develop continuously until they are adults. Acquisition of words in kindergarten children are based on the environment. The words mastered by kindergarten children Tarakanita Bumijo based on research that has been done. It can be conluded that words that are mastered are nouns, verbs, adverbs, pronouns, numbers, and verbs and variations in the meaning of Indonesian words mastered by Tarakanita Bumijo Kindergarten students are synonyms, antonyms, hyponyms, straightforward, and idioms. Third, the Indonesian style is mastered by Tarakanita Bumijo Kindergarten students. (Windiarti et al., 2017) There are several different indigenous Balinese languages, and there are different ways how to communicate between the casts and clan members. Balinese society has deep feudal roots and in many ways it's even today still "quasi-feudal" and some social protocols and customs of the times of the kings are still in effect. Most Balinese belong to the Sudra caste (anak jaba, outsiders) and speak the common Balinese lexicon among themselves. Outsiders, because they live outside the palace. The high or halus Balinese, is essentially the "language of the court" and derived from Javanese. Generally, one speaks to strangers, and social superiors in high Balinese. And there is KAWI, the lexicon used in priestly rituals and in the ancient stories and dramas around the deities. And there sanskrits, the lexicon of Hindu prayers and scriptures. But most Balinese will these days use the most widely spoken option: "modern Balinese"; some rules of how to communicate between the casts are ignored or altered. Kawi and particularly Sanskrit are also commonly used by some Hindu priests. It different from the strength of the phoneme layout in Semarangan language that had a strength in building a new meaning. Therefore, the lexicon that appeared, became variants of lexicon and a new lexicon. The new lexicon could be categorized as socio-cultural lexicon that had a unique and emotive power. (Suryadi & Astuti, 2020. Linguistics, English Education and Art (LEEA) Journal 3 (2):364-372 366 2017). Analysis of the Javanese lexicon which was also analyzed by Suryadi stated that the form of the inheritance lexicon is a lexicon originating directly from the ancient Javanese language without the slightest change, both in form and meaning. The original form of the lexicon is the lexicon that changes at the time of inheritance. Changes that occur in the lexicon can be explained through linguistic rules. (Suryadi, 2018) Male and female language uses different style in language. Difference gender in using language are closely related to a person's culture. As already researched by Setiyaningsih, it can be seen that gender differences can be seen in activities that can only be carried out by a certain gender and activities that have a negative or significant meaning in certain gender. Therefore, to see what happens in a culture, it can be seen from the structure of language (both grammatical structure and lexicon). (Setiyaningsih et al., 2015). The language used by men and women may be different according to their use in daily life. Men tend to be more directive. Besides, they use more simple words. On the other hand, women are more expressive and polite in using language. In addition, they use more gestures and words signifying the feeling, emotional and psychological states. (Sri Wahyuningsih, 2018) Balinese male and female used local language in social interactions. Balinese female used polite lexicon to the male. South kuta is the area where tourism is the most important. Many tourist come to this place to enjoy the beaches and some tourist destinations. The local people actually used many languages in their communication. They learn many basic languages that commonly used by tourist. Balinese people are obliged to master Indonesian and foreign languages, particularly English. By those languages they can communicate intensively with domestic and foreign tourists coming to Bali. This situation sometimes makes people worried about the position of the local language- Balinese language. However, in fact, in the globalization era Balinese language still has strong position in Balinese society life. It is still used as the first language for daily communication among Balinese and it is also particularly used for various formal tradition and custom activities. This research discussed about Balinese language related to emotional lexicon used by both male and female in their interaction. They have different kinds of emotional when they make the interaction. Many research have analysed about different kinds of lexicon used, however this research tend to analyse regarding male and female in Balinese. It can be interesting when Balinese used emotional lexicon to show their real emotion. Both male and female Balinese take some interactions by talkative expression with many lexicon used. Based on some arguments by the experts of Balinese language 2020. Linguistics, English Education and Art (LEEA) Journal 3 (2):364-372 367 that relates to language and gender above, this research conducted to analyse the difference emotional lexicon both male and female in social interaction. LITERATURE REVIEW The researches on language related to emotional lexicon in used has been studied by several researchers namely Gawda, Barbara (2013). His study investigated the specific emotional lexicons in narratives created by persons diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) to test the hypothesis that individuals with ASPD exhibit deficiencies in emotional language. The lexical choices made in the narratives were analyzed, and a comparison of the three groups revealed differences between the emotional narratives of inmates with ASPD, inmates without ASPD, and the control group (Gawda, 2013). Other research is Emotions affect social relationships, memories and even decision making. This study is investigated about Detection of Emotional Conditions on Social Media Using the Lexicon Approach and Natural Language Processing. The data of his research is social media Facebook. The test results show that the emotional lexicon is able to detect words obtained from Facebook user status updates. Natural Language Processing can be used to improve text originating from status updates. The improvement results from Natural Language Processing are matched with the lexicon that has been made to find out the emotional label of a status update. A total of 26 status updates can be detected emotional labels. (Rohman et al., 2019) RESEARCH METHOD The Theories used in analyzing data is the theory from (Hickey, 2010) in his book Language and Society also mentions that the Emotional, „genteel‟ language are; the use of augmentatives „I’m /delighted you’re going to help. They’re /so kind!’, the use of euphemisms „Peter’s gone to wash his hands.’ Related to description above, this study aims at describing and conveying Balinese phenomenon, especially deals with the differences of emotional lexicon by male and female. The description and explanation of the phenomenon emotional lexicon by male and female by natural data taken from some speakers of Balinese living in the south Kuta-Bali. Thus, this study is a descriptive, qualitative research. Data was taken by applying observation method to the conversation among speakers of Balinese in their daily activities. Data collected was analyzed grammatically according to morphological syntactic analysis. FINDINGS This field research done in South Kuta Bali. The data of this research were taken from Balinese interactions in using Balinese language. The emotional 2020. Linguistics, English Education and Art (LEEA) Journal 3 (2):364-372 368 lexicon that used by male and female interaction in South Kuta Bali was divide into Augmentative and Euphimism. The data finding can be shown on the table below. Tabel 1. Emotional Lexicon used by Male and Female. Emotional Lexicon Male Female Augmentative Prohibition (informal) Ordering (informal) Ordering (semiformal) Suggestion (semiformal) Euphimism Suggest something unpleasant. Based on the table, it can be shown that emotional lexicon that used by male and female in their interaction have different purposes. In Augmentative emotional lexicon, male mostly used prohibition in informal occasion, however, female in their interaction used asking ordering to the hearer. Opposite in semiformal occasion, male used mostly used ordering to ask someone to do something and giving suggestion was mostly used by female. In euphemism both male and female interaction mostly give suggestion something unpleasant, although female do it more often than male. DISCUSSION Emotional, „genteel‟ language are; the use of augmentatives „I’m /delighted you’re going to help. They’re /so kind!’, the use of euphemisms „Peter’s gone to wash his hands.’ Related to description above, this study aims at describing and conveying Balinese phenomenon, especially deals with the differences of emotional lexicon by male and female. In this discussion section, emotional lexicon used was divided into Augmentative and Euphemism (Hickey, 2010). Augmentative Augmentative includes all of forms of communications (other than oral) that are used to express thoughts, needs, wants, and ideas. That length sentences was indicating the large size and tell something awkwardness or unattractiveness sentences. (Hickey, 2010) Data 1 : Female (Prohibition) Male (Ordering) To jange di beten, kan mekejang buyunge ngencegin. Jani musim buyung. Buyunge bek ape buin ujan-ujan. Yen ngejang ape ape, ape buin ajeng-ajengan, jang diduur mejane. Apang sing malunan buyunge nyicipin. Pang nyidang ajeng buin ajeng ajengane ane jang tuni. De ngejang ajeng-ajengan di beten meja! Because you put the meals down, the flies will perch on them. At this season, flies often come Jemak piringe! Jang diduur, tekepin lantas. Buyunge bek. Take the plate, put it on the table, and then cover it. There are a lot of flies. 2020. Linguistics, English Education and Art (LEEA) Journal 3 (2):364-372 369 around, especially because of the rain. If you put some food, please put it on the table. So the flies will not taste the food first. So, you can eat the food that was placed earlier. Don‟t put the food under the table. In the informal occasion female used length spoken and told something to the hearer. In these data the male and female actually used augmentative in their conversations because the male and female used unimportant sentences that made the sentences were unattractive. Augmentative includes all of forms of communications (other than oral) that are used to express thoughts, needs, wants, and ideas. That length sentences was indicate the large size of utterance and tell something awkwardness or unattractiveness sentences. Hickey in (Ayu et al., 2017) Female used length utterance to express her emotional. She was more talkative than the male.The point of her utterances were to prohibit the hearer to do something. The prohibition point in this utterance is „De ngejang ajeng – ajengan di beten meja’ (don‟t put the meals under the table). Female used the unattractiveness utterance to introduce her point. She explained first about rainy season and flies season then many flies will taste the meal. Female actually waste her utterance to express her idea. Female used length spoken to give understanding to the hearer about her point. It can be seen that, when female wanted to prohibit someone, she needed lengths utterance and tell awkwardness utterance before she took the point. This condition would contrast with the male utterance. Those utterances were taken in the same condition. Male ordered the hearer „Jemak piringe! Jang diduur, tekepin lantas. Buyunge bek.’ (to take the plate, put it on top, and then cover it. There are a lot of flies). There were not many unattractivenesess in his utterances. Male gave the hearer understanding by ordering the hearer to do something. He used imperative sentences to ask someone to do something. In informal occasion, Balinese female were more unattractiveness to ask something to the hearer. To ask someone to do something, Balinese female usually often used prohibition than ordering. It was opposite with male. To ask someone to do something, the male usually directly used imperative sentence in ordering something. He could not use many awkwardness to express his idea. Data 2 : Female (Ordering) Male (Suggestion) Mekejang ajak keme, apang ramean ajak! We will go there together! More people to go are better. Engken carane apang mekejang nyidang teke sik nak ngelah gae? … Dugas pidan irage baange ngidih megenep pas ngelah gae. Jani patut rage malas sane baange pidan. Ape buin pas rage ngelah gae, mekejang keluargane nengokin uling semengan nganti peteng. Sinah jani irage ane ngoopin keme. 2020. Linguistics, English Education and Art (LEEA) Journal 3 (2):364-372 370 How is the way so that all of us can go to the ceremony? In the past, we were given everything by them when we had an event. Now we have to replay all those things. Moreover, during our event, all his family came from morning to evening. So now we must come and help him. The words and expressions of a language form its lexicon or vocabulary, with the emotional lexicon consists of the words or expressions used to describe emotions (Gawda, 2013). Data 2 is semiformal occasion, when the family took the meeting and discussed about Balinese invitation event from other family. In formal occasion, male used length utterance to explain his idea. That length sentences indicate the large size of utterance and tell something awkwardness or unattractiveness sentences. Male used length sentence to give all family member understanding about the discussion point. The point of that meeting is to ask all family member came to that event. The utterance „Engken carane apang mekejang nyidang teke sik nak ngelah gae nah?‟ (How is the way so that all of us can go to the ceremony?) was the point of this utterance. However the male explained this point by using some sentences that implied some reasons to support this point. The unattractiveness sentences by male indicated some suggestions. The utterance „Dugas pidan irage baange ngidih megenep pas ngelah gae. Jani patut rage mala sane baange pidan. Ape buin pas rage ngelah gae, mekejang keluargane nengokin uling semengan nganti peteng. Sinah jani irage ane ngoopin keme‟ (In the past, we were given everything by them when we had an event. Now we have to replay all those things. Moreover, during our event, all his family came from morning to evening. So now we must come and help him) was to suggest the hearer to do something. In some occasion, female used the less sentence to indicate agreement. Female only said „Mekejang ajak keme‟ (We will go there together!). This utterance was opposite with male. Female did not use the large size of utterance to express her idea. She agreed to his explanation by saying in small words. It can be concluded that, different occasion would make different kinds of utterance. In semiformal occasion male is usually more attractive than female. It was opposite when in informal occasion. Balinese female usually used more unattractiveness to ask something to the hearer than male. Euphemisms The euphemism is a generally innocuous word or expression used in place of one that may be found offensive or suggest something unpleasant. Some 2020. Linguistics, English Education and Art (LEEA) Journal 3 (2):364-372 371 euphemisms are intended to amuse; while others use bland, inoffensive terms for things the users wishes to downplay. Rickey in (Ayu et al., 2017) Data 3 Female :Wee.. be tawang nak sing dadi ngejot celeng, ngujang ngejot celeng masih. Mule sing ngelah keneh?.. (We have known that we can‟t share pork meals to others. Why do you still give the meals?.. Have you lost your mind?) Data 4 Female : Mekejang baang ye pang sing ngerubeda. (Give everything to him, so he will not get uncontrolled) Data 5 Female: Kemu ajak ke mel yen biin ngeling. (take him to mel. If he cries again) Data 6 Male: Suud ngeling, yen ngeling buin, kalin dini nah…(Stop crying, if you cry again, we will leave you here) Emotions affect daily human life such as social relationships, memory, and even decision making Hamdi in (Rohman et al., 2019). Data 3 explained offensive something unpleasant. Female said You don’t have any heart!. This utterance was the common language that used by some people in communication but the utterance itself has unpleasant meaning. The utterance you don’t have any heart is same meaning with you don‟t have a brain. In data 4, she wanted to offend something unpleasantly. Female said Give anything to him, so he will not cry (ngerubeda) anymore. The word ngerubeda in Balinese is something unpleasant. Ngerubeda means bad attitude from butakala (ghost). In Bali butakala has bad character. They are usually portrayed as monstrous, with missing or excessive body parts, animal features and the usual fangs, bulging eyes and potbellies. Buta- kala are also considered as the angry forms of divinities when they feel neglected or forgotten. They may also serve the gods and carry out their orders. Data 5, she wanted to offend something unpleasantly by the utterance take him to mel. In Bali the word mel means the house in the middle of field. It is less attractive place. Someone will be uncomfortable if they live in that place. It was opposite by the male utterance. The male utterance in data 6 „don’t you cry anymore, if you cry we will leave you here‟ is better than the female‟s. He did not use many unpleasant words in his utterance even that is unfavorable condition. The utterance spoken was only to threaten the hearer. CONCLUSION The different occasion would make different kinds of utterance. In formal occasion male is usually more attractive than female. Male is considered to use 2020. Linguistics, English Education and Art (LEEA) Journal 3 (2):364-372 372 Augmentative type of emotional lexicon in his communication. 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