Linguistic, English Education and Art (LEEA) Journal Volume 5 Nomor 2, Januari-Juni 2022 e-ISSN : 2597-3819 p-ISSN : 2597-9248 DOI : https://doi.org/10.31539/leea.v5i2.3405 231 HOW THEY CLAIM THE VICTORY: A RHETORICAL ANALYSIS ON INDONESIAN PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES’ VICTORY SPEECHES WITHIN PRAGMA-STYLISTIC FRAMEWORK Hilarius Raditya Priambada Purba Universitas Internasional Batam hilarius@uib.ac.id Submit, 19-01-2022 Accepted, 29-06-2022 Publish, 30-06-2022 ABSTRACT This study is a rhetorical analysis of the victory speech of Indonesian presidential candidates in a national election held on April 17th, 2019. This study aims to know the features of the pragma-stylistic mainly on speech act analysis as presented in the speeches related to winning claims by the candidates of the presidential election after the general election. This study attempts to identify and analyze the manifested speech within the pragma-stylistics framework, which is the speech act. This study assessed both presidential candidates’ victory speeches after the general election in Indonesia year 2019. The victory speeches were the speeches of Mr Joko “Jokowi” Widodo from Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Pembangunan (Indonesia Democratic Party of Struggle) and Mr Prabowo Subianto from Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya (Great Indonesia Movement). The speech acts theory was employed to analyze the presented data in this study. The data were obtained from the great news platforms in Indonesia. The result showed that assertive appeared as the most frequent type used in the speeches. The result was reasonable due to the goal of the speech, which was to address the data obtained by both candidates and assure people that they deserved the place as the next Indonesian president. Keywords: Rhetorical analysis, Pragma-Stylistic Framework, Indonesian Presidential Candidates’ Victory Speeches INTRODUCTION The means of communication can be performed through language to facilitate the accomplishment of communication purposes. Moreover, the meaning behind the message is not value-free, which requires a stimulus to perform the message and the https://doi.org/10.31539/leea.v5i2.3405 mailto:hilarius@uib.ac.id 2022. Linguistics, English Education and Art (LEEA) Journal 5 (2):231-246 232 response as the feedback of the uttered message (Glaser & Strauss, 2017; Griffin, 2012). Not regardless of the political field, the language is performed to drive the messages intended to gain the vote and support for the candidates in the political contest. Language is coined with power as language allows people to maintain their interactions and the responses they are willing to gain (Lakoff, 1990; Thornborrow, 2002). Thus, the language used in a political contestation allows the users of the language to achieve their goal through performing speech and other rhetorical acts facilitating their movement in the political contest. Rhetoric studies are on how to use language to achieve communication goals (Crick, 2017; Herrick, 2008; Jasinski, 2011). Rhetoric is an art of speaking demanding structured compositions of symbols and ideas as the meaning relies upon the symbol through careful maintenance of the structures, which results in the achievement of the clarity of the speech (Crick, 2017; Herrick, 2008). The purpose of public speaking is to maintain performance in order to make the argument given in the process of public speaking to perform its persuasive function through the organized and valid idea so that it is perceived as a worth-listening speech (Crick, 2017). The use of language as a political tool is also found in the latest presidential election in Indonesia. Indonesia is a democratic country (Indonesia, 1945) that conducts a presidential election directly by all of the citizens in Indonesia every five years to choose the country's leader. This issue is in line with Beard (2000), suggesting that the power of the language can be used for political affairs to gain power and challenge, as well as keeping the power of the performed language they used within the remarkable speech intended for the public. The election in Indonesia was held on April 17th, 2019. Moreover, two candidates represented their party and the supported parties to be the next president from 2019-2024. Both of the candidates came from different remarkable parties. The first candidate, the incumbent, Mr Joko “Jokowi” Widodo from Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Pembangunan (Indonesia Democratic Party of Struggle) supported by other parties: Partai Golongan Karya (Party of Functional Groups), Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (National Awakening Party), Partai Nasional Demokrat (National Democratic Party), Partai Persatuan dan Pembangunan (United Development Party), Partai Hati Nurani Rakyat (People’s Conscience Party), and Partai Keadilan dan Persatuan Indonesia (Indonesian Justice and Unity Party) and the other candidate, the contender, is Mr Prabowo Subianto from Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya (Great Indonesia Movement) supported by Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (Prosperous Justice Party), Partai Amanat Nasional (National Mandate Party) and Partai Demokrat (Democratic Party) (Komisi Pemilihan Umum Republik Indonesia, 2019) This article is a rhetorical analysis of the victory speech of Indonesian presidential candidates in a national election held on April 17th, 2019. This study aims to know the features of the pragma-stylistic mainly on speech act analysis as presented in the speeches related to winning claims by the candidates of the presidential election after the general election. Being broadcasted on national and international news 2022. Linguistics, English Education and Art (LEEA) Journal 5 (2):231-246 233 platforms, both candidates presented their speeches in front of the public, claiming that they were elected and, thus, the next president governing in 2019 until 2024. This study attempts to identify and analyze the manifested speech within the pragma-stylistics framework, which is the speech act. Hence, the analysis is proposed in order to present how the language of the speech is maintained to perform communication regarding the political intention of both presidential candidates in Indonesia year 2019, Mr. Joko “Jokowi” Widodo from Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Pembangunan (Indonesia Democratic Party of Struggle) and Mr. Prabowo Subianto from Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya (Great Indonesia Movement). The previous studies related the presidential speeches were done in order to know the features of pragma-stylistic presented in the manifested speeches (Abuya, 2012; Akinwotu, 2013; Biria & Mohammadi, 2012; Josiah & Johnson; Johnson, 2012; Liu & Lei, 2018; Noermanzah et al., 2018; Nyarwi, 2021). However, all of the presented studies mainly attempted to analyze the speech in the inaugural ceremony after being declared the winner of the political contest. Thus, this study offers a new topic related to the speech on victory claims by the candidates of presidential in Indonesia year 2019 presented concerning the pragma-stylistic frameworks. The presented study attempts to find the speech act types manifested by both Indonesian presidential candidates period 2019-2024 and the intention of the manifested speeches based on the pragma-stylistic frameworks LITERATURE REVIEW The speech act is the term employed to describe the acts the speaker shows through speech delivery. In today's context, the meaning of a message is considered unstable and, therefore, the role of the listener is no longer as a passive recipient but also encouraging them to be interpreters of the message (Crick, 2017; Griffin, 2012). When people are performing speech with other people, they are not only paying attention to the grammatical structures as well as the linguistic meaning of their utterances but also conveying the acts which allow the hearer to obtain the speaker’s meaning (Crick, 2017; Mehl, 2017; Yule, 1996). Furthermore, speech acts are performed to obtain the meaning carried out in the speech so that the listener can know the attitudes and implications toward the uttered speeches someone is about to convey (Austin, 1975; Fish, 1976; Searle & Searle, 1969). According to Searle & Searle (1969), the types of speech acts are able distinguished into three different acts. They are an act of saying something, an act of doing something, and an act of affecting something. Those three acts can be found within the utterances about which words carry out the meaning prediction in the speech and the intended message (Searle & Searle, 1969). Nonetheless, Austin (1975) classifies three kinds of speech acts in the theory of speech acts. Those three speech acts are different from one another and are named locutionary acts or the production, illocutionary acts or the meaning, and perlocutionary acts or the effect. The further explanations of these three acts are presented as follows. 2022. Linguistics, English Education and Art (LEEA) Journal 5 (2):231-246 234 Locutionary acts perform the production of utterances in whatever language one is saying. Also, it is defined as the act of saying something. It is defined as the act of production, later containing the actual meaning of utterances (Searle & Searle, 1969). Moreover, locutionary acts will likely present the actual meaning of an utterance contains (Austin, 1975). These acts present what the speaker uttered in the communication process, which contains a well-formed utterance (Cutting, 2005). As the example is when the speaker says, "Cold, isn’t it?”. The actual meaning of the presented example is to confirm whether the weather is cold, and so there is no other interpretation regarding the example. In the presented example, the speaker attempts to say the literal meaning of the "cold, isn’t it?”-utterance (Searle & Searle, 1969). Illocutionary acts are referred to the meaning that someone wishes to communicate. In addition, the illocutionary acts present the acts of doing something (Searle & Searle, 1969). This issue is in line with the purpose of communication which is to do something as a response. This is also coherent in every act of communication that carries out motive (Griffin, 2012; Herrick, 2008). The motive is said to be underlying the means of communication so that the need or the message is completed through acting (Griffin, 2012; Herrick, 2008; Mehl, 2017). Nevertheless, the goal is performed by making the meaning (Osborn et al., 2012). Likewise, Cutting (2005) proposes that illocutionary acts carry out the specific function and goals to achieve regarding the words performed in the utterance. Searle & Searle (1969) classifies illocutionary acts based on specific measures. Below is the explanation of the categorization by Searle & Searle (1969). Declarative Declarative is an act of performing a declaration allowing a critical thing to change. This act is typically remarked by the statement I resign; I bet, I declare. In addition, this act is somehow performed by institutional registers, judges, and ministers (Searle & Searle, 1969). In addition, the act of declaration includes the act of dismissing, christening, ex-communication, naming, sentencing, and so on. Assertive or Representative Assertive is an act containing a statement or description about which the speaker attempts to offer his or her point of view. The speaker is about to reveal his or her belief in the actual case or something based on what he or she understands or how something is perceived (Cutting, 2005). The utterance is, therefore, merely the act of reporting (Austin, 1975). There are several signals indicating the act of asserting or representing, which are stating, suggesting, complaining, claiming, reporting, and so on (Leech, 2016) as the example is what is presented in the utterance “I am feeling well.” which presents that he or she is a good condition. Directive A directive is an act of performing commands. This contains the message that the hearers are to take a particular action or get something done. In performing the directive speech act, the effect of the action is expected as the response to the act. According to Searle & Searle (1969), the directive includes the act of commanding, ordering, requesting, advising, recommending, and so on. As the example is when the speaker 2022. Linguistics, English Education and Art (LEEA) Journal 5 (2):231-246 235 says, “Please pass the salt.” Which means someone is asking for help to pass the salt (Searle & Searle, 1969). Commissive Commissive is an act about which speakers are committed to future action. The act is done in the future through the act of commissive in the manifested speech. Including the commissive is the act of promising, offering, vowing, and so on. As an example of the act, the utterance of “I shall do my best.” is the kind of commissive that is intended to present that the speaker performs the act of promising (Austin, 1975). Expressive Expression is actively functioning to perform the speaker's expression or feeling. The act is indicated through the expression of attitudes or emotions toward something. Including the category is the act of gratitude, thanking, congratulating, apologizing, blaming, pardoning, praising, and condoling. Austin (1975) presents the example of apologizing as “I am willing to apologize.” Perlocutionary acts perform the effect of the uttered words. Besides, this is also the action of affecting people (Austin, 1975). As what is presented beforehand, this act will likely affect someone to respond or do something corresponding to the speech or utterance. According to Searle & Searle (1969), persuading, embarrassing, intimidating, amusing, imitating, boring, and inspiring the hearers belong to this group. Communication has something to do with motive (Griffin, 2012; Herrick, 2008). The communication process will require linguistic acts so that communication is no longer about its structures, words, or symbols underpinning the communication. Further, it requires the production of the sentence in the performance of the presented speech acts (Searle & Searle, 1969). METHOD The victory speeches from both presidential candidates in Indonesia, Mr. Joko “Jokowi” Widodo and Mr. Prabowo Subianto, were action after the national election tally in May 2019. The speech was downloaded from the news platforms on the Internet and translated to the target language. In analyzing the speeches, Speech Act theory was performed. The discussion is based on the percentage of speech acts presented in the presented speeches, calculated on the number of sentences. In order to perform this, the researcher conducted a calculation as follows. Total Number of Speech Acts X 100 Total Number of Sentences The speeches were all in Indonesian, so the researcher attempted to translate the transcription of the text without any attempt to reduce or excess the message. There were four speeches; every candidate conducted two times of speeches in front of the public related to their claims to winning the political contestation. The speeches 2022. Linguistics, English Education and Art (LEEA) Journal 5 (2):231-246 236 proposed by the two candidates were broadcast nationally on acknowledged news platforms. FINDINGS Victory Speech of Mr. Prabowo Subianto on April 18th, 2019 A1 Locution: My brothers and sisters, brother and sister of one nation and homeland, today, April 18th, I am Prabowo Subianto, stating that Sandiaga Salahudin Uno and I declared victory as president and vice president of the Republic of Indonesia in 2019, based on the tally of more than 62 percents and C-1 that we have recapitulated Illocutionary acts: Direct: assertive (claiming) Indirect: declarative (confirming) Expected Perlocutionary Effect: trustworthiness A2 Locution: Once again, today, I am Prabowo Subianto, stating that I, and Mr. Sandiaga Salahudin Uno, proclaim winning as a president and vice president of the Republic of Indonesia, 2019, 2024, based on the tally of more than 62 percent, our real count and C-1 calculations recapitulation. Illocutionary acts: Direct: assertive (claiming) Indirect: declarative (confirming) Expected Perlocutionary Effect: trustworthiness A3 Locution: We declare this victory more quickly because we have evidence that there have been efforts with various types of fraud, which continue to occur in various villages, sub-districts, districts, and cities throughout Indonesia. Illocutionary acts: Direct: assertive (claiming and reporting) Indirect: declarative (accusing) Expected Perlocutionary Effect: suspicious A4 Locution: To all of the supporters of the candidate number two, Prabowo-Sandi, who came from various groups of people, from the coalition of Indonesia Adil Makmur (Fair and Prosperous Indonesia), Islamic religious leaders, volunteers, other religious leaders, people from all religions, youths, all the of militant mothers and fathers. Illocutionary acts: Direct: assertive (stating) Indirect: - Expected Perlocutionary Effect: excitement 2022. Linguistics, English Education and Art (LEEA) Journal 5 (2):231-246 237 A5 Locution: We invite to thank God Almighty, the most profound and highest gratitude to Him. We believe that it is only by His guidance and blessing that our long struggle to win the political struggle has succeeded with the support of the people. Illocutionary acts: Direct: directive (inviting, requesting) Indirect: assertive (claiming) declarative (convincing) Expected Perlocutionary Effect: trustworthiness A6 Locution: We ask you not to be arrogant and behave excessively for the victory we obtained by the permission of the Lord Almighty. Illocutionary acts: Direct: directive (requesting) Indirect: - Expected Perlocutionary Effect: peace A7 Locution: This is the right time for us children of the same homeland to immediately strengthen our brotherhood, as Mr. Jokowi said, so that the "broken chain" can immediately be reconnected. Illocutionary acts: Direct: assertive (suggesting) Indirect: directive (requesting) Expected Perlocutionary Effect: peace and unity A8 Locution: Mr. Sandiaga Uno and I, for sure, will remain friends with Mr. Jokowi and Kiayi Maruf Amin and all of the supporters of candidate number one. Illocutionary acts: Direct: assertive (stating) Indirect: commissive (promising) Expected Perlocutionary Effect: peace and unity A9 Locution: All are our brothers. Illocutionary acts: Direct: assertive (stating) Indirect: expressive (expressing) Expected Perlocutionary Effect: unity A10 Locution: We will become president and vice president for all Indonesian people for the sake of the glory and sustainability of all the Indonesian people and the NKRI that we love, based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. 2022. Linguistics, English Education and Art (LEEA) Journal 5 (2):231-246 238 Illocutionary acts: Direct: assertive (stating) Indirect: declarative (confirming) Expected Perlocutionary Effect: trustworthiness A11 Locution: Finally, let us work hand in hand, whatever our party, whatever our variety, whatever our tribe is, whatever our ethnic and racial groups and our different cultural backgrounds, so that we can immediately rise to build our nation and country together with Pancasila as an ideology and a shared view of life. Illocutionary acts: Direct: assertive (stating) Indirect: directive (inviting) Expected Perlocutionary Effect: unity A12 Locution: Insya Allah, we will build a government that consists of the best and the brightness of our young generation, the smartest, brightest, and noble, so that we can accelerate our national development quickly, with full vigilance so that Indonesia becomes a sovereign, just and prosperous, and respected country in the international relations. Illocutionary acts: Direct: declarative (stating) Indirect: commissive (promising) Expected Perlocutionary Effect: hopefulness Table 1. Data A (Victory Speech by Mr. Prabowo Subianto on April 18th, 2019) Speech Acts (Direct and Indirect) Frequencies Percentages Assertive 10 43,4% Declarative 6 26% Directive 4 17,3% Commissive 2 9% Expressive 1 4,3% Total 23 100% Victory Speech of Mr Joko “Jokowi” Widodo on April 17th, 2019 B1 Locution: First of all, we thank you profusely to the KPU, Bawaslu, and DKPP so that the process of the democratic party of the legislative election and the presidential election this morning has been running honestly and fairly. Illocutionary acts: Direct: assertive (stating) 2022. Linguistics, English Education and Art (LEEA) Journal 5 (2):231-246 239 Indirect: commission (appreciating) Expected Perlocutionary Effect: cheers B2 Locution: We also express our gratitude to the TNI and Polri for securing security and order so that everything can go well. Illocutionary acts: Direct: assertive (stating) Indirect: commission (appreciating) Expected Perlocutionary Effect: cheers B3 Locution: The second, from the indication of the exit poll and also the quick count, we have seen it all, but we must be patient, we must be patient to wait for the official KPU calculations. Illocutionary acts: Direct: assertive (stating) Indirect: directive (requesting) Expected Perlocutionary Effect: peace B4 Locution: Third, let us reunite as brothers and sisters of our country and people after the legislative election and the presidential election. Illocutionary: Direct: assertive (suggesting) Indirect: directive (requesting) Expected Perlocutionary Effect: peace and unity B5 Locution: We will establish and maintain our unity, harmony, and brotherhood as brothers and sisters of the same country. Illocutionary acts: Direct: declarative (appointing) Indirect: commissive (promising) Expected Perlocutionary Effect: hopefulness Table 2. Data B (Victory Speech by Mr Joko “Jokowi” Widodo on April 17th, 2019) Speech Acts (Direct and Indirect) Frequencies Percentages Assertive 4 44% Declarative 1 12% Directive 2 22% Commissive 2 22% Expressive 0 0 Total 9 100% 2022. Linguistics, English Education and Art (LEEA) Journal 5 (2):231-246 240 Victory Speech of Mr. Prabowo on April 17th, 2019 C1 Locution: "The results of our exit poll at 5,000 polling stations showed that we won 55.4%, and our quick count results won 52.2%. Illocutionary acts: Direct: assertive (stating, claiming) Indirect: declarative (convincing) Expected Perlocutionary Effect: trustworthiness C2 Locution: Request all volunteers to guard our victory in all polling stations and sub-districts. Illocutionary acts: Direct: assertive (stating) Indirect: directive (requesting) commisive (instructing) Expected Perlocutionary Effect: movement C3 Locution: I also emphasize here to the people of Indonesia that there are efforts from certain survey institutions that we know have indeed worked for one party to lead opinions as if we were defeated. Illocutionary acts: Direct: assertive (stating) Indirect: declarative (claiming, accusing) Expected Perlocutionary Effect: movement, reflective C4 Locution: Ladies and gentlemen, don't be provoked. Keep an eye on TPS, secure C1, and also in the sub-district. Do not be careless! Illocutionary acts: Direct: directive (inviting) Indirect: commission (instructing) Expected Perlocutionary Effect: reflective C5 Locution: Ladies and Gentlemen, I urge all of my supporters to remain calm and not provoked to carry out anarchic acts. Illocutionary acts: Direct: directive (inviting) Indirect: commission (instructing) Expected Perlocutionary Effect: unity and peace C6 Locution: Stay focused on guarding the ballot box because the boxes are the key to our victory so that the lies that have been done can be resisted. Illocutionary acts: Direct: directive (inviting) 2022. Linguistics, English Education and Art (LEEA) Journal 5 (2):231-246 241 Indirect: commission (instructing) Expected Perlocutionary Effect: movement C7 Locution: I emphasize here to my supporters not to be provoked at all and to avoid all forms of excessive action, extrajudicial acts, and acts of violence. Illocutionary acts: Direct: directive (inviting) Indirect: commission (instructing) Expected Perlocutionary Effect: unity and peace C8 Locution: For our supporters, please take care of the TPS. Illocutionary acts: Direct: directive (inviting) Indirect: commission (instructing) Expected Perlocutionary Effect: unity and peace Table 3. Data C (Victory Speech by Mr. Prabowo on April 17 th , 2019) Speech Acts (Direct and Indirect) Frequencies Percentages Assertive 3 18% Declarative 2 12% Directive 6 35% Commissive 6 35% Expressive 0 0 Total 17 100% Victory Speech of Mr Joko “Jokowi” Widodo May 21st, 2019 D1 Locution: We, the Indonesian people, should be proud, happy, and grateful that we have proven to be a mature nation. We are mature in democracy, nation, and state, mature in the ideology of Pancasila. Illocutionary acts: Direct: assertive (stating) Indirect: commissive (appreciating) Expected Perlocutionary Effect: cheers D2 Locution: We are grateful and proud that in the midst of diversity, we have grown up in maintaining peace, maturity in managing differences, and maturity in maintaining and strengthening unity. Illocutionary acts: Direct: assertive (stating) Indirect: commissive (appreciating) expressive (thanking) 2022. Linguistics, English Education and Art (LEEA) Journal 5 (2):231-246 242 Expected Perlocutionary Effect: cheers D3 Locution: The real evidence is our maturity in democracy, our ability to completely honest and fair elections, and elections that are full of peace and joy. Illocutionary acts: Direct: assertive (stating) Indirect: commissive (appreciating) Expected Perlocutionary Effect: cheers D4 Locution: We have passed elections with full of maturity and excitement Illocutionary acts: Direct: assertive (stating) Indirect: commissive (appreciating) Expected Perlocutionary Effect: cheers D5 Locution: We have undergone every election with maturity, and I am sure that in the recent election, we will be able to undergo it peacefully and in line with the mandate of our constitution. Illocutionary acts: Direct: assertive (stating) Indirect: commissive (appreciating, instructing) Expected Perlocutionary Effect: cheers and peace D6 Locution: Alhamdulillah, thank be to Allah SWT for the national recapitulation of the 2019 Concurrent Elections. In the early hours of this day, the Indonesian people have made their choice in the legislative election and the presidential election. Illocutionary acts: Direct: assertive (stating) Indirect: commissive (appreciating) Expected Perlocutionary Effect: cheers D7 Locution: This is the essential meaning of sovereign people. Direct: assertive (stating) Indirect: commissive (appreciating) Expected Perlocutionary Effect: cheers D8 Locution: Kiai Ma'ruf Amin and I would like to thank all the people of Indonesia, wherever they are, for the trust given to us. Illocutionary acts: Direct: assertive (stating) Indirect: commissive (appreciating) Expected Perlocutionary Effect: cheers 2022. Linguistics, English Education and Art (LEEA) Journal 5 (2):231-246 243 D9 Locution: We will realize the trust given to us in our development programs that are fair and equitable for all groups and strata of society in all corners of Indonesia. Illocutionary acts: Direct: declarative (appointing) Indirect: commissive (promising) Expected Perlocutionary Effect: hopefulness D10 Locution: After being installed in October, we are the President and Vice President of all Indonesian people. We are leaders and protectors of 100% of the Indonesian people. Illocutionary acts: Direct: declarative (appointing) Indirect: commissive (promising) Expected Perlocutionary Effect: hopefulness D11 Locution: We will fight hard for the realization of social justice for all people, for 100% of the Indonesian people. Illocutionary acts: Direct: declarative (appointing) Indirect: commissive (promising) Expected Perlocutionary Effect: hopefulness D12 Locution: Let us unite in building our beloved nation and homeland for the sake of the peace and prosperity of our generation and future generations of our grandchildren. Illocutionary acts: Direct: directive (inviting) Indirect: commission (instructing) Expected Perlocutionary Effect: unity and peace D13 Locution: Finally, I appreciate the highest performance of the election organizers and supervisors, community leaders, and also election participants to the security forces and all parties, including witnesses who worked day and night sincerely for fair and fair elections. Illocutionary acts: Direct: assertive (stating) Indirect: commission (appreciating) Expected Perlocutionary Effect: cheers 2022. Linguistics, English Education and Art (LEEA) Journal 5 (2):231-246 244 Table 4. Data D (Victory Speech by Mr Joko “Jokowi” Widodo on May 21st, 2019) Speech Acts (Direct and Indirect) Frequencies Percentages Assertive 9 33% Declarative 3 11% Directive 1 4% Commissive 13 48% Expressive 1 4% Total 27 100% Table 5. Summary of Data A-D (ORFPs) Speech Acts (Direct and Indirect) Frequencies Percentages Assertive 26 34% Declarative 12 16% Directive 13 17% Commissive 23 30% Expressive 2 3% Total 76 100% DISCUSSION People may encourage the use of language to achieve their goal of communication. Likewise, in the political field, politician will maintain their language in order to achieve their political agenda. This study is a rhetorical analysis of Indonesian presidential candidates' victory speeches after the general election in April 2019. Thus, the speech act theory was employed to analyze and interpret the message in the speeches (Austin, 1975; Searle & Searle, 1969). The interpretation from the table showed that mostly assertive was the illocutionary act type that appeared most frequently. This type appeared the most, which were 34% of the total frequencies, as both candidates attempted to show the data in the field and acknowledged people contributing to the process of the general election in Indonesia. The next type was the commissive which was 30% of the total frequencies. Both candidates presented this type as they did planning following the process of the national tally. They also promised to govern the nation in such a way after being declared the next president of Indonesia. In the victory speech, there must be a declarative type to proclaiming the win of the political contest. The directive type was placed the next with 17% of the total frequency. Both candidates attempted to create a good condition after the general election. They asked their supporters to remain calm and to keep the unity between people who didn't share the same political decision. Nonetheless, 16% of the total frequencies represented that both candidates attempted to show that they deserved the place to be the next president. Mainly, the type was employed by Mr. Prabowo to such a verdict about the process of the general election that he and his team perceived to be unfair. The last was the expressive type which was 3% of the total frequencies. Both candidates employed this type to generally 2022. Linguistics, English Education and Art (LEEA) Journal 5 (2):231-246 245 acknowledge their team and the institutions responsible for running the process of the general election. CONCLUSION In conclusion, in the victory speeches generated by both presidential candidates of Indonesia, primarily assertive appeared as the most frequent type employed the speeches. 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