PARADIGMA BARU PENDIDIKAN MATEMATIKA DAN APLIKASI ONLINE INTERNET PEMBELAJARAN How to cite: Suparna, “Analysis of Main Components Status of Food Security at Village/Sub-District Level in Yogyakarta Special Region”, JMM, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 30-37, May 2020. Analysis of Main Components Status of Food Security at Village/Sub-District Level in Yogyakarta Special Region Suparna Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi D.I. Yogyakarta, suparna@bps.go.id doi: https://doi.org/10.15642/mantik.2020.6.1.30-37 Abstrak: Pangan merupakan aspek pokok dari kebutuhan hidup manusia untuk menjamin keberlangsungan hidup individu maupun komunitas. Perwujudan ketahanan pangan nasional dimulai dari pemenuhan pangan di wilayah terkecil yaitu desa/kelurahan. Tujuan dari analisis dengan metode komponen utama ini adalah (1) mendeskripsikan komponen utama status ketahanan pangan pada tingkat desa/kelurahan; (2) mengelompokkan desa/kelurahan berdasarkan status ketahanan pangan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Sumber data berasal dari data sekunder (Podes 2018). Dari analisis dihasilkan beberapa hal yakni: (1) komponen utama status ketahanan pangan pada tingkat desa/kelurahan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta ada lima, yaitu keterjangkauan wilayah/akses, ketersediaan pangan, kesehatan lingkungan, jaminan akses, dan pemanfaatan pangan; (2) tipologi desa/kelurahan berdasarkan status ketahanan pangan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta ada 4 yakni: (a) rawan pangan meliputi 55 desa/kelurahan (b) kurang tahan meliputi 169 desa/keluarahan; (c) tipologi 3 rentan tahan meliputi 170 desa; (d) tipologi 4 tahan pangan meliputi 44 desa. Kata kunci: Komponen utama; Ketahanan pangan; Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta; Desa Abstract: Food is a basic aspect of the needs of human life to ensure the survival of individuals and communities. The realization of national food security starts from the fulfillment of food in the smallest region, namely the village /sub-districts. The objectives of the analysis using the principal component method are (1) to describe the main components of the status of food security at the village/sub-districts level; (2) to grouping villages/sub-districts based on food security status in the Yogyakarta Special Region. The data source of analysis comes from secondary data (Podes 2018). From the analysis produced several things, namely: (1) the main components of the status of food security at the village/sub-district level in the Yogyakarta Special Region there are five, namely affordability/access, food availability, environmental health, guaranteed access, and utilization of food; (2) village/sub-districts typology based on the status of food security in the Yogyakarta Special Region, namely 4: (a) food insecurity covering 55 villages/sub-districts (b) less resistant to 169 villages/sub-districts; (c) typologies 3 are vulnerable to cover 170 villages/sub-districts; (d) food- resistant typology covering 44 villages/sub-districts. Keywords: Principal component; Food security, Yogyakarta Special Region; Village Jurnal Matematika MANTIK Vol. 6, No. 1, May 2020, pp. 30-37 ISSN: 2527-3159 (print) 2527-3167 (online) http://u.lipi.go.id/1458103791 Suparna Analysis of Main Components Status of Food Security at Village/Sub-District Level in Yogyakarta Special Region 31 1. Introduction Food insecurity is still a global issue which is the main concern to date, not only in poor and developing countries but also in developed countries [1][2][3]. The importance of the problem of food insecurity is the main point discussed at the world level meeting set forth in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG’s). In developing countries, more than half of household income is used to meet their food needs and this causes a precarious situation if there are sudden price fluctuations that can push people into poverty and impede poverty alleviation efforts [4][5]. The Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that 1.5 billion people in the world are affected by one or more forms of micronutrient deficiency[6]. Iron deficiency in women of reproductive age is a form of micronutrient deficiency that can occur also in women who are overweight or well cared for. The high prevalence of each form of deficiency or malnutrition in the form of short children is found in 73 countries; lean children in 14 countries; overweight children in 29 countries; adult obesity in 101 countries; and anemia in women of reproductive age in 35 countries. The prevalence threshold that is considered high for short children is 20 percent or more; for thin children and overweight children, the threshold is 10 percent or more. Indonesia is the only country that shows a high prevalence of these three forms of child malnutrition. Yogyakarta Special Region is the province with the highest percentage of poor population in Java, which is still 11.81 percent and still relies on the agricultural sector as the main axis of its economy. This is evident from the contribution of the agricultural sector in the order of the four major regional gross domestic product (GRDP) and the proportion reached 9.78 percent in 2018 [7]. Bearing in mind that food security as a human right and limited food production greatly affect the achievement of food security at the community level, it is necessary to further study food security at the village /sub-district level in order to give birth to efforts in achieving village/sub-district to become food self-sufficient. The embodiment of national food security starts from the fulfillment of food in the smallest region, namely villages as the basis of agricultural activities [8]. In addition, the village is also an entry point for the entry of various programs that support the realization of food security at the household level which cumulatively supports the realization of food security at the district /city, provincial, and national levels. Food security is multi- dimensional, both in terms of supply and utilization, and regional levels [9][10][11]. There are many variables that explain the number, so we need indicators that explain the main dimensions of food security. The method used is mostly in the form of principal component analysis [12][13][14]. 2. Methods 2.1. Variable and Component Analysis Achieving food security is a guarantee against the threat of hunger and malnutrition, both of which can slow down economic development [15][16]. Thus poverty and food security are interrelated [17]. Food system resilience is basically to ensure adequate and access to food for everyone. Sufficiency that is meant is sufficiency in quantity and quality with access including economic and physical access [18][19]. There are three main dimensions of food security delivered by the Food Agricultural Organization (FAO), namely the availability, access and utilization of food. Principal component analysis is a statistical analysis tool that aims to reduce the dimensions of the data by generating new variables (main components) which are linear combinations of the original variables so that the main component variances are maximum and the main components are mutually independent [20]. The principal component analysis model can be written with the following matrix. Jurnal Matematika MANTIK Volume 6, Issue. 1, May 2020, pp. 30-37 32 [ 𝑌1 𝑌… 𝑌𝑚 ] = [ 𝑎11 𝑎1.. 𝑎1𝑝 𝑎1… 𝑎… 𝑎…𝑝 𝑎𝑚1 𝑎𝑚… 𝑎𝑚𝑝 ] ⌈ 𝑋1 𝑋… 𝑋𝑝 ⌉ (1) In equation (1): Y1 = the first major component, the component that has the largest variance Y .. = the second main component and so on, the component that has the second largest variance and so on Ym = the m-th main component, the component that has the m-th largest variance X1 = first origin variable X .. = second origin variable and so on Xp = p-origin variable m = number of main components p = number of original variables. The main components do not correlate and have the same variation with the root characteristic of Σ. The root characteristic of the diversity matrix Σ is a variant of the main component Y, so the diversity matrix of Y is: ∑ = [ 1 0 0 0 … 0 0 0 𝑝 ] (2) The total diversity of origin variables will be the same as the total diversity explained by the main components, namely: ∑ 𝑣𝑎𝑟(𝑋𝑖) = 𝑝 𝑖=1 1 + … + 𝑝 = ∑ 𝑣𝑎𝑟(𝑌𝑖) 𝑚 𝑖=1 (3) Depreciation of the dimensions of the original variables is done by taking a small number of components that are able to explain the largest part of the diversity of data. If the main component is taken as many as q component, where q