Bibliography

This is an automatically generated bibliography describing the content of this study carrel.

1. cord-253312-bf35afpj
   • author: Unal, Gokhan
   • title: Immunopharmacological management of COVID-19: Potential therapeutic role of valproic acid
   • date: 2020-05-27
   • words: 1096
   • flesch: 36
   • summary: Regarding the given immunomodulatory effects of valproic acid, it has been suggested that the drug might provide benefits for ARDS due to the exaggerated immune response related to COVID-19. This study consolidates the findings showing the antiviral activity of valproic acid and gives hope for its potential usage in the COVID-19 pandemic.
   • keywords: acid; acute; antiviral; ards; authors; clinical; covid-19; current; drug; effects; immunomodulatory; inhibits; interaction; novel; potential; related; research; respiratory; rna; syndrome; treatment; valproic
   • versions: original; plain text
2. cord-253468-pf0xubii
   • author: Emara, Mohamed H
   • title: Ketonuria with or without ketoacidosis as the presenting manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) among uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetic patients
   • date: 2020-09-02
   • words: 990
   • flesch: 50
   • summary: The value of urine biochemical parameters in the prediction of the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 COVID-19 in diabetic patients: Related risks and specifics of management The SARS-COV2 (COVID-19) Pandemic: What Clinicians should Know Caring for patients with diabetes during COVID-19 pandemic: Important considerations for pharmacists. The trials to predict the severity of COVID-19 patients from different urine parameters has been studied among patients from the SARS-CoV-2 first focus in Wuhan, China.
   • keywords: cases; chest; compliant; cov-2; covid-19; day; diabetes; diabetic; dka; fever; infection; ketonuria; manifestations; patients; positive; sars; urine
   • versions: original; plain text
3. cord-254094-ed1epul1
   • author: Mayoral, Eduardo Pérez-Campos
   • title: Factors related to asymptomatic or severe COVID-19 infection
   • date: 2020-09-24
   • words: 1670
   • flesch: 37
   • summary: A higher 2D:4D ratio is associated with COVID-19 severity in men [14] , this means that sex hormones play a role in protection, thus, causing women to develop less serious complications or an asymptomatic COVID-19 Infection and NS8 are likely to be phylogenetically associated with evolution of 2019-nCoV Amino acid catabolism: a pivotal regulator of innate and adaptive immunity Nutritional modulation of age-related changes in the immune system and risk of infection COVID-19 and the creation of a new disease The Emerging Threat of (Micro)Thrombosis in COVID-19 and Its Therapeutic Implications Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19: Radiologic and clinical overview Immune-epidemiological parameters of the novel coronavirus -a perspective SARS-CoV-2 entry factors are highly expressed in nasal epithelial cells together with innate immune genes Microthrombosis Associated with Gastrointestinal Bleeding in COVID-19 Neurological associations of COVID-19 Classification of the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19: a rapid prospective nationwide consensus study in Spain with 375 cases Ocular manifestations and clinical characteristics of 535 cases of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a cross-sectional study ACE2 and TMPRSS2 variants and expression as candidates to sex and country differences in COVID-19 severity in Italy Relationship between ABO blood group distribution and clinical characteristics in patients with COVID-19 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations Are Lower in Patients with Positive PCR for SARS-CoV-2 The authors thank Charlotte Grundy and Eli Cruz Parada for their assistance.
   • keywords: ace2; anti; antibodies; asymptomatic; authors; blood; campos; cases; cells; clinical; coronavirus; covid-19; disease; estrogen; expression; factors; glands; group; immune; infection; mayoral; new; pérez; risk; salivary; sars; severe; sex; spike; study; subjects; susceptibility; tmprss2; viral
   • versions: original; plain text
4. cord-254162-tu81j66h
   • author: Bai, Xiyuan
   • title: Hypothesis: alpha-1-antitrypsin is a promising treatment option for COVID-19
   • date: 2020-11-12
   • words: 5552
   • flesch: 25
   • summary: AAT inhibition of ADAM17 also prevents shedding of ACE2 and hence may preserve ACE2 inhibition of bradykinin, reducing the ability of bradykinin to cause a capillary leak in COVID-19. Sixth, AAT inhibition of elastase can antagonize the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), a complex extracellular structure comprised of neutrophil-derived DNA, histones, and proteases, and implicated in the immunothrombosis of COVID-19; indeed, AAT has been shown to change the shape and adherence of non-COVID-19-related NETs.
   • keywords: aat; ace2; activity; acute; adam17; alpha-1; angiotensin; anti; antitrypsin; autophagy; bradykinin; cases; cell; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cytokine; deficiency; eclampsia; elastase; endothelial; entry; extracellular; factor; figure; formation; hiv; host; ill; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; influenza; inhibition; inhibits; injury; known; lung; mechanisms; mers; mortality; nets; neutrophil; non; pathophysiologic; patients; pre; production; promising; protease; protein; pulmonary; receptor; related; replication; respiratory; response; role; sars; serine; serpin; severe; shedding; study; surface; syndrome; thrombin; tmprss-2; traps; treatment; trial; vaccine; viral
   • versions: original; plain text
5. cord-254411-e9vvjv8w
   • author: Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farzad
   • title: The Powerful Immune System Against Powerful COVID-19: A Hypothesis
   • date: 2020-04-22
   • words: 1882
   • flesch: 45
   • summary: Immune cells are not an exception. Moreover, aging can wane the ability of immune cells to secrete IFN following viral infection (13) .
   • keywords: apoptosis; atp; cells; cellular; coronavirus; covid-19; cytokine; depletion; disease; effect; energy; factors; following; hypothesis; ifn; immune; increase; infection; initial; innate; mitochondrial; mortality; process; receptor; respiratory; response; results; risk; sars; signaling; system; virus
   • versions: original; plain text
6. cord-256092-bph9ys72
   • author: Hussain, Aneela N.
   • title: Role of testosterone in COVID-19 patients - a double-edged sword?
   • date: 2020-09-17
   • words: 1576
   • flesch: 33
   • summary: Low testosterone levels in males have a direct correlation with the high probability of ICU admission and the worse disease outcome (ARDS, duration of ICU stay, mortality). Low testosterone levels in males have a direct correlation with the high probability of ICU admission and the worse disease outcome (ARDS, duration of ICU stay, mortality).
   • keywords: angiotensin; cell; coronavirus; correlation; cov-2; covid-19; direct; disease; entry; enzyme; females; high; icu; levels; low; lower; males; mortality; outcome; patients; pulmonary; risk; sars; serum; severity; testosterone; thrombosis; tmprss2
   • versions: original; plain text
7. cord-258272-uu6t6tnh
   • author: Dabaghian, Farid
   • title: Bioactive compounds with possible inhibitory activity of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-II; a gate to manage and prevent COVID-19
   • date: 2020-05-16
   • words: 305
   • flesch: 35
   • summary: The averting impact of Naringin on pro-inhibitory cytokines (increased in COVID-19 infection) including Cyclooxygenase-II, Interleukin-6 and -1β, and Nitric oxide synthase is considerable (5) . Accordingly, agents with potential inhibition or regulation of ACE-II receptors might be effective in COVID-19 management (3) .
   • keywords: ace; angiotensin; converting; covid-19; emodin; enzyme; protein
   • versions: original; plain text
8. cord-258670-dphg8ukj
   • author: Karaahmet, Fatih
   • title: Endothelial progenitor cells and mesenchymal stem cells to overcome vascular deterioration and cytokine storm in critical patients with COVID-19
   • date: 2020-06-10
   • words: 600
   • flesch: 20
   • summary: key: cord-258670-dphg8ukj authors: Karaahmet, Fatih; Altan Kocaman, Sinan title: Endothelial progenitor cells and mesenchymal stem cells to overcome vascular deterioration and cytokine storm in critical patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-10 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109973 sha: doc_id: 258670 cord_uid: dphg8ukj nan Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-2019) is an emerging global health threatening viral infection pathogen, originating from Wuhan, Autoimmunity and infectious agents seems potential immunologic triggers in COVİD-19. In light of this information, the sufficient repair of the endothelial lining of blood vessels with Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) treatment may have a crucial role to overcome the vascular collapse driving forces in COVID-19 patients, as well as to modulate human immune system.
   • keywords: cells; collapse; covid-19; critical; cytokine; endothelial; epcs; immune; mesenchymal; mscs; patients; potential; progenitor; repair; system; vascular
   • versions: original; plain text
9. cord-261370-jp5sqqwc
   • author: Bollag, Wendy B.
   • title: Phosphatidylglycerol and Surfactant: A Potential Treatment for COVID-19?
   • date: 2020-09-16
   • words: 4105
   • flesch: 27
   • summary: Journal of leukocyte biology Phosphatidylglycerol inhibits toll-like receptor-mediated inflammation by danger-associated molecular patterns Soy phosphatidylglycerol reduces inflammation in a contact irritant ear edema mouse model in vivo Pathogen-associated molecular patterninduced TLR2 and TLR4 activation increases keratinocyte production of inflammatory mediators and is inhibited by phosphatidylglycerol 18:1/18:1-Dioleoyl-phosphatidylglycerol prevents alveolar epithelial apoptosis and profibrotic stimulus in a neonatal piglet model of acute respiratory distress syndrome Phosphatidylglycerol provides short-term prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus infection COVID-19: towards understanding of pathogenesis SARS-CoV replicates in primary human alveolar type II cell cultures but not in type I-like cells Innate immune response of human alveolar type II cells infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus Pathogenesis of COVID-19 from a cell biology perspective Role of lung surfactant in respiratory disease: current knowledge in large animal medicine Understanding the principle biophysics concepts of pulmonary surfactant in health and disease. A key role of pulmonary surfactant is to reduce surface tension and prevent alveolar atelectasis at end expiration.
   • keywords: ability; activation; activity; acute; addition; administration; alveolar; ards; cells; clinical; compliance; cov-2; covid-19; damage; disease; distress; edema; exogenous; function; high; immune; increase; infants; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; inhibit; injury; innate; known; levels; like; low; lung; mechanical; mediators; neonatal; patients; phosphatidylglycerol; phospholipid; proteins; pulmonary; respiratory; response; results; role; sars; severe; surface; surfactant; syndrome; system; tension; tlr2; tlr4; treatment; type; ventilation; viral; virus
   • versions: original; plain text
10. cord-261574-zcazhkad
    • author: García, Néstor H.
    • title: Ibuprofen, a traditional drug that may impact the course of COVID-19 New effective formulation in nebulizable solution
    • date: 2020-07-07
    • words: 2571
    • flesch: 32
    • summary: Solubility of ibuprofen, phytosterol, salicylic acid, and naproxen in aqueous solutions Ibuprofen extrudate, a novel, rapidly dissolving ibuprofen formulation: relative bioavailability compared to ibuprofen lysinate and regular ibuprofen, and food effect on all formulations Solubility of ibuprofen in some ethanolþwater cosolvent mixtures at several temperatures Formulation and delivery strategies of ibuprofen: challenges and opportunities High Concentrations of Sodium Chloride Improve Microbicidal Activity of Ibuprofen against Common Cystic Fibrosis Pathogens Pharmaceuticals In Considering the characteristics of available ibuprofen formulations, a solution with hypertonic ibuprofeno solution to be nebulized (NIH) was developed with great relevant characteristics: it is bactericidal, virucidal, mucolytic and has a known anti-inflammatory property.
    • keywords: actin; anti; bacteria; bactericidal; bioavailability; characteristics; coronavirus; cystic; development; dose; effect; fibrosis; findings; formulation; high; hypertonic; ibuprofen; importance; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; inhaled; interaction; investigators; key; lung; ncov; nih; oxygen; patients; presence; properties; pulmonary; solution; strategies; systemic; therapeutic; times; traditional; treatment; virucidal; virus
    • versions: original; plain text
11. cord-264916-c4n0kyog
    • author: Zimmerman, Keith
    • title: Natural protection of ocular surface from viral infections – a hypothesis
    • date: 2020-07-09
    • words: 4674
    • flesch: 39
    • summary: Coronavirus Contamination in Air and Surrounding Environment in MERS Isolation Wards Evidence of airborne transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus Viral infections in workers in hospital and research laboratory settings: a comparative review of infection modes and respective biosafety aspects Airborne transmission of communicable infection--the elusive pathway Influenza virus RNA recovered from droplets and droplet nuclei emitted by adults in an acute care setting Respiratory virus shedding in exhaled breath and efficacy of face masks Recognition of aerosol transmission of infectious agents: a commentary Origin of exhaled breath particles from healthy and human rhinovirus-infected subjects Properties of Coronavirus and SARS-CoV-2 Viral Architecture of SARS-CoV-2 with Post-Fusion Spike Revealed by Characterizations of particle size distribution of the droplets exhaled by sneeze Cough aerosol in healthy participants: fundamental knowledge to optimize droplet-spread infectious respiratory disease management Airborne spread of infectious agents in the indoor environment Measurements of airborne influenza virus in aerosol particles from human coughs Exposure to influenza virus aerosols during routine patient care Physiology Humidification: Basic Concepts In: Esquinas AM (ed) Humidification in the Intensive Care Unit Thermal mapping of the airways in humans Temperature profile in the nasal cavity Simultaneous in vivo measurements of intranasal air and mucosal temperature Nasal mucosal temperature after exposure to cold, dry air and hot, humid air Kinetics and evaporation of water drops in air Interaction of Water Droplets in Air Flow at Different Degrees of Flow Turbulence Evaporation and Movement of Fine Water Droplets Influenced by Initial Diameter and Relative Humidity Exhaled breath condensate: methodological recommendations and unresolved questions Exhaled breath condensate: an overview Lipid phenotyping of lung epithelial lining fluid in healthy human volunteers Somewhat surprisingly, the majority of the viruses responsible for respiratory viral infections are not a major cause of infectious conjunctivitis [6] .
    • keywords: acute; aerosol; air; airborne; airflow; analysis; bioaerosol; breath; breathing; cases; cause; charge; condensate; conjunctivitis; cornea; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; deposition; diameter; different; disease; droplet; electrical; eye; factors; healthy; high; human; humidity; hypothesis; infection; influenza; large; likely; low; lower; microdroplets; ocular; ocular surface; particles; patients; possible; potential; range; rate; recent; relative; respiratory; sars; severe; similar; size; spread; standing; studies; study; subjects; surface; syndrome; tears; temperature; tmprss2; tract; transmission; types; viral; virus; viruses; water
    • versions: original; plain text
12. cord-265322-3854ddb9
    • author: Vavougios, George D.
    • title: A data-driven hypothesis on the epigenetic dysregulation of host metabolism by SARS coronaviral infection: potential implications for the SARS-CoV-2 modus operandi
    • date: 2020-04-23
    • words: 1254
    • flesch: 24
    • summary: key: cord-265322-3854ddb9 authors: Vavougios, George D. title: A data-driven hypothesis on the epigenetic dysregulation of host metabolism by SARS coronaviral infection: potential implications for the SARS-CoV-2 modus operandi date: 2020-04-23 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109759 sha: doc_id: 265322 cord_uid: 3854ddb9 COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2, a betacoronavirus structurally similar to SARS-CoV. Based on both structural and syndromic similarities with SARS-CoV, a hypothesis is formed on SARS-CoV-2 potential to affect the host’s metabolism as part of its lifecycle. Would a rose by another name smell as sweet? Receptor recognition by novel coronavirus from Wuhan: An analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection STRING v11: protein-protein association networks with increased coverage, supporting functional discovery in genome-wide experimental datasets Plasma glucose levels and diabetes are independent predictors for mortality and morbidity in patients with SARS Binding of SARS coronavirus to its receptor damages islets and causes acute diabetes Activation of the ACE2/angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis enhances the reparative function of dysfunctional diabetic endothelial progenitors Host Lipids in Positive-Strand RNA Virus Genome Replication Dengue virus-induced autophagy regulates lipid metabolism Modulation of Lipid Droplet Metabolism-A Potential Target for Therapeutic Intervention in Infections Altered Lipid Metabolism in Recovered SARS Patients Twelve Years after Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease Epidemiological, clinical characteristics of cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection with abnormal imaging findings Prevalence of comorbidities in the novel Wuhan coronavirus (COVID-19) infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis Natural small molecules as inhibitors of coronavirus lipid-dependent attachment to host cells: a possible strategy for reducing SARS-COV-2 infectivity?
    • keywords: ace2; analyses; cells; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; dependent; diabetes; enrichment; host; human; hypothesis; infection; interaction; lipid; metabolism; novel; patients; potential; protein; sars; severe; similarities; studies; study; viruses
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13. cord-265724-fdt00qw1
    • author: Varadarajan, Saranya
    • title: EMMPRIN/BASIGIN as a biological modulator of oral cancer and COVID-19 interaction: novel propositions
    • date: 2020-07-09
    • words: 1766
    • flesch: 31
    • summary: Perspective on comorbidity Perspective on oral exfoliative cytology and COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 invades host cells via a novel route: CD147-spike protein Structural basis for the recognition of SARS-CoV-2 by full-length human ACE2 Emmprin (basigin/CD147): matrix metalloproteinase modulator and multifunctional cell recognition molecule that plays a critical role in cancer progression CD147/EMMPRIN overexpression and prognosis in cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis Prognostic Indications of Elevated MCT4 and CD147 across Cancer Types: A Meta-Analysis RNA interference targeting CD147 inhibits the proliferation, invasiveness, and metastatic activity of thyroid carcinoma cells by downregulating glycolysis Reprogramming energy metabolism and inducing angiogenesis: co-expression of monocarboxylate transporters with VEGF family members in cervical adenocarcinomas CD147 required for corneal endothelial lactate transport Association of increased ligand cyclophilin A and receptor CD147 with hypoxia, angiogenesis, metastasis and prognosis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma Increased EMMPRIN (CD 147) expression during oral carcinogenesis EMMPRIN expression in oral squamous cell carcinomas: correlation with tumor proliferation and patient survival Biological behavior of oral squamous cell carcinoma in the background of novel corona virus infection Prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor Resveratrol inhibits macrophage expression of EMMPRIN by activating PPARgamma Figure caption: Figure 1: Proposed role of EMMPRIN/BASIGIN as a biological modulator of oral cancer and SARS-CoV-2 interaction Moreover, differential expression of ACE-2 expression in various pathologies prompt researcher to draw many speculative conclusion in pathologies such as oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), periodontitis, etc.
    • keywords: ace2; analysis; basigin; cancer; carcinogenesis; cd147; cell; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; disease; emmprin; entry; epithelial; expression; grape; host; matrix; meta; opmds; oral; oscc; patients; potential; protein; receptor; role; sars; significant; squamous; survival; tumor
    • versions: original; plain text
14. cord-267612-1h7xpkbe
    • author: Lipsker, Dan
    • title: A chilblain epidemic during the COVID-19 pandemic. A sign of natural resistance to SARS-CoV-2?
    • date: 2020-06-06
    • words: 516
    • flesch: 24
    • summary: A sign of natural resistance to SARS-CoV-2? Dan Lipsker 1,2 , MD, PhD Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, epidemics of chilblains or chilblain-like acral lesions have been reported in the social media, the general press and the medical literature in Italy, Spain, the UK and France (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) . The great majority of the cases we observed and those reported in the literature share the following common features: -lesions were of sudden onset in young patients without a previous history of chilblains in most of them and they were not necessarily triggered by exposure to cold; -those young patients were otherwise asymptomatic or pauci-symptomatic and only a few had mild clinical signs compatible with COVID-19; -none of them had pneumonia or severe manifestations of COVID-19; -clinical signs of COVID-19 or contact with infected persons occurred a few days to one month before chilblains; -SARS-CoV-2 infection could be demonstrated by nasopharyngeal swab or by serology only in very limited number of patients.
    • keywords: chilblains; cov-2; covid-19; interferon; lesions; pandemic; patients; resistance; sars; type
    • versions: original; plain text
15. cord-268425-xg8xnjf9
    • author: DiNicolantonio, James J.
    • title: Harnessing Adenosine A2A Receptors as a Strategy for Suppressing the Lung Inflammation and Thrombotic Complications of COVID-19: Potential of Pentoxifylline and Dipyridamole
    • date: 2020-07-02
    • words: 3896
    • flesch: 30
    • summary: 79 Supplemental glucosamine may likewise up-regulate the type 1 interferon responses to viruses, while exerting anti-inflammatory effects that render it protective in rodent models of sepsis and lung inflammation induced by LPS or cigarette smoke. Although PTX is known to have broad anti-inflammatory activity, it is employed primarily in the treatment of intermittent claudication; by lessening neutrophil activation, PTX renders these cells more distensible, so that they can more readily pass through narrow capillaries in affected legs.
    • keywords: a2a; activation; activity; acute; adenosine; adhesion; advanced; agent; anti; antiviral; ards; azithromycin; beta; camp; cells; clinical; concentrations; covid-19; dip; dipyridamole; drug; early; effects; endothelial; factor; glucan; hcq; human; hydroxychloroquine; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; injury; interval; ivermectin; levels; lps; lung; magnesium; neutrophils; patients; pentoxifylline; platelet; potential; protective; ptx; receptor; replication; respiratory; response; risk; sars; sepsis; signaling; stage; studies; syndrome; therapy; thrombotic; treatment; type; viruses; vitamin
    • versions: original; plain text
16. cord-269563-2979u47a
    • author: Caetano Silva-Filho, José
    • title: The influence of ABO blood groups on COVID-19 susceptibility and severity: a molecular hypothesis based on carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions
    • date: 2020-08-02
    • words: 4621
    • flesch: 29
    • summary: Supported by an extensive bibliographic review highlighting (i) the mode of binding of SARS-CoV-2 to cell receptors, as well as (ii) the biochemical aspects of ABO blood group system and its association to infection and some circulatory conditions, we hypothesize that the influence of blood type on COVID-19 severity relies on the differential clustering of glycoproteins receptors to SARS-CoV-2 on host cell surface, induced by ABH antigens through carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions with the glycan portions of these receptors, which could modulate virus binding to the target cell. In summary, this work proposes that the molecular mechanism underlying the influence of ABO blood groups on COVID-19 susceptibility and severity relies on carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions between ABH antigens and sialoside glycans present on host cell receptors.
    • keywords: abh; abo; abo blood; ace2; acid; angiotensin; antibodies; antigens; association; attachment; basis; binding; blood; carbohydrate; cardiovascular; ccis; cd147; cell; conditions; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; disease; domain; entry; factor; formation; function; glycans; glycoprotein; group; host; human; important; individuals; infection; influence; interaction; malaria; mechanisms; membrane; mers; molecular; new; novel; ntd; pandemic; present; protein; rbd; recent; receptor; recognition; reported; respiratory; review; sars; severe; sialic; sialoside; spike; structural; studies; study; surface; susceptibility; system; terminal; tmprss2; transmembrane; treatment; type; understand; viral; zinc
    • versions: original; plain text
17. cord-270740-3su8pc3f
    • author: Sultan, Sherif
    • title: COVID-19 Cytokine Storm and Novel Truth
    • date: 2020-05-22
    • words: 2383
    • flesch: 50
    • summary: Recurrent admission for post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy strengthens the findings of the Italians, Spanish and Americans(4) that COVID-19 patients are suffering from metabolic hypoxia due to blood capacity failure. In COVID-19 patients, unlike with CO poisoning in which eventually the CO can break off, the affected hemoglobin is permanently stripped of its ability to carry oxygen.
    • keywords: blood; cells; china; chinese; chloroquine; clinical; coronavirus; covid-19; cytokine; damage; diabetes; doctors; failure; free; hemoglobin; high; hyperbaric; insulin; iron; italy; journal; lung; management; maximum; medicine; mortality; new; novel; organ; oxidative; oxygen; pandemic; patients; pneumonia; protocol; pulmonary; red; severity; storm; stress; time; use; ventilators; world; wuhan
    • versions: original; plain text
18. cord-270805-o6rbfmie
    • author: Hussein, Osama
    • title: Second wave of of Covid-19 is determined by immune mechanism
    • date: 2020-09-02
    • words: 624
    • flesch: 44
    • summary: This theory claims that a double-peaked pattern of new cases in a new viral epidemic is intrinsically determined by the pattern of pathogen interaction with the host. The notion of epidemics that normally have two peaks of new cases over time is widely accepted(3); although epidemiologists have not characterized this pattern as an established model.
    • keywords: cases; community; covid-19; curve; epidemic; hypothesis; measures; new; relaxation; resurgence; second; viral
    • versions: original; plain text
19. cord-271785-vmnc8yg6
    • author: Minetti, Giampaolo
    • title: Mevalonate pathway, selenoproteins, redox balance, immune system, Covid-19: Reasoning about connections
    • date: 2020-07-21
    • words: 2555
    • flesch: 30
    • summary: 8, 9 Prolonged infection with hepatitis B virus has been show to correlate with low blood cholesterol levels and cancer, 10 and hypocholesterolemic men have significantly fewer circulating lymphocytes, total T cells and CD8 + cells compared with hypercholesterolemic subjects. A couple of studies have indeed been published that exclude a statistically significant correlation between Covid-19 outcome and statin routine treatment of patients, but no data on compliance, or cholesterol levels were provided.
    • keywords: activity; anti; association; blood; cardiovascular; cells; cholesterol; coenzyme; consequences; cov-2; covid-19; disease; drugs; effects; essential; fatal; function; immune; induced; infection; inflammatory; innate; key; ldl; levels; low; mechanism; mevalonate; mortality; muscle; myopathy; pathway; patients; reductase; sars; selenoproteins; serum; statins; study; subjects; system; therapy; treatment; vitamin
    • versions: original; plain text
20. cord-274510-fo7p98np
    • author: Spadera, Lucrezia
    • title: Potential Role of GcMAF in suppressing the severity of COVID-19-induced immune responses: lesson learned from HIV
    • date: 2020-09-24
    • words: 4060
    • flesch: 35
    • summary: Meanwhile, in COVID-19 patients, in addition to the reduced peripheral lymphocyte counts, mainly CD4 + T and CD8 + T cells, there were found significant high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] . What we postulated could also explain hypercoagulability with elevated concentrations of D-dimer, fibrin degradation products increase, PT and aPTT prolongation, observed in COVID-19 patients [37]
    • keywords: acetylgalactosaminidase; actin; activation; activity; acute; alpha; anti; associated; binding; blood; cancer; cases; cells; clinical; coagulation; colostrum; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; damage; data; dbp; disease; dysfunction; effects; endothelial; factor; findings; gcmaf; generation; globulin; high; hiv; human; hypothesis; immune; immunotherapy; infected; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; injury; key; levels; like; lung; macrophage; mechanisms; novel; organ; pathogenic; patients; plasma; pneumonia; potential; protein; respiratory; risk; role; sars; serum; severe; superoxide; syndrome; systemic; therapeutic; tissue; tocilizumab; treatment; use; vascular; vitamin
    • versions: original; plain text
21. cord-274698-i3mzzxwq
    • author: Stief, Thomas W
    • title: The physiology and pharmacology of singlet oxygen
    • date: 2003-02-19
    • words: 3346
    • flesch: 19
    • summary: Chloramines at blood concentrations between 1 and 2 mmol/L inactivate lipid enveloped virus and chloramines at blood concentrations below 0.5 mmol/L, i.e. at oxidant concentrations that do not affect thrombocytes or hemostasis factors, act antithrombotically by activation of the physiologic PMN mediated fibrinolysis; this thrombolysis is of selective nature, i.e. it does not impair the hemostasis system of the patient allowing the antithrombotic treatment in patients where the current risky thrombolytic treatment is contraindicated. 1 O 2 Þ-generating chloramines at concentrations that are tolerable for normal hemostasis function inactivate the lipid enveloped vesicular stomatitis virus in human blood Efficacy of tumoricidal agents in vitro and in vivo Jr Photodynamic therapy: a review Evidence for an important role of neutrophils in the efficacy of photodynamic therapy in vivo Attenuation by methionine of monocloramine-enhanced gastric carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N 0 -nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in Wistar rats Results of long-term carcinogenicity studies of chlorine in rats Assessment of the carcinogenic potential of chlorinated water: experimental studies of chlorine, chloramine, and trihalomethanes Monochloramine induced DNA fragmentation in gastric cell line MKN45 Singlet molecular oxygen evolution upon simple acidification of aqueous hypochlorite: application to studies on the deleterious health effects of chlorinated drinking water Neutrophil-derived oxidants promote leukocyte adherence in postcapillary venules MPO) may mediate neutrophil adherence to the endothelium through upregulation of CD 11b expression -an effect downregulated by taurine Oxidants generated by the myeloperoxidase-halide system activate the fifth component of human complement, C5 Neutrophil adhesion to human endothelial cells is induced by the membrane attack complex: the roles for P-selectin and platelet activating activating factor Complement and atherogenesis: the unknown connection Molecular chlorine generated by the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system of phagocytes converts low density lipoprotein cholesterol into a family of chlorinated sterols Severe lung injury after exposure to chloramine gas from household cleaners Natural antioxidant, chlorogenic acid, protects against DNA breakage caused by monochloramine Human methionine sulfoxide-peptide reductase, an enzyme capable of reactivating oxidized a-1-proteinase inhibitor in vitro Mechanisms of hypochlorite injury of target cells Myeloperoxidase, hydrogen peroxide, chloride antimicrobial system: nitrogen-chlorine derivatives of bacterial components in bactericidal action against Escherichia coli Tissue destruction by neutrophils Oxidative regulation of neutrophil elastase-a-1-proteinase inhibitor interactions Evidence of oxidant-induced injury to epithelial cells during inflammatory bowel disease Hypochlorite-induced oxidation of proteins in plasma: formation of chloramines and nitrogen-centred radicals and their role in protein fragmentation Hypochlorous acid and chloramines increase endothelial permeability: possible involvement of cellular zinc Taurine modulation of hypchlorous acid-induced lung epithelial cell injury in vitro.
    • keywords: 1o2; acid; activity; agents; blood; cells; channel; chemical; chloramine; chlorotaurine; concentrations; current; disease; disinfectants; effect; efficacy; excited; expression; factor; gastric; human; hypochlorite; inactivation; inflammatory; injury; light; methionine; mmol; modification; monochloramine; myeloperoxidase; nadph; naocl; neutrophil; nitric; nonradicalic; normal; oxidant; oxidative; oxygen; pmn; poliovirus; production; reaction; results; role; ros; signal; signaling; singlet; sodium; species; state; studies; superoxide; system; t â; taurine; therapeutic; toxic; treatment; virus; viruses; vivo; water
    • versions: original; plain text
22. cord-274715-dcs1rgd0
    • author: Mani Mishra, Pushpendra
    • title: Serum albumin-mediated strategy for the effective targeting of SARS-CoV-2
    • date: 2020-04-24
    • words: 2151
    • flesch: 34
    • summary: Although some people infected with SARS CoV-2 have no symptoms, the spectrum of symptomatic infection ranges from mild to critical, with most COVID-19 infections being not severe. Although some people infected with SARS CoV-2 have no symptoms, the spectrum of symptomatic infection ranges from mild to critical, with most COVID-19 infections being not severe.
    • keywords: activity; albumin; animal; antiviral; cells; cellular; combination; components; conditions; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; curcumin; different; drugs; effective; egcg; extracellular; gallate; human; infected; infection; inhibits; patients; people; potential; protein; range; research; respiratory; rna; sars; serum; severe; strategy; symptoms; treatment; viral; virus
    • versions: original; plain text
23. cord-275353-ezrmuw48
    • author: Donma, Mustafa Metin
    • title: The Effects of Allium Sativum on Immunity within the Scope of COVID-19 Infection
    • date: 2020-06-02
    • words: 2512
    • flesch: 38
    • summary: In conclusion, Allium sativum may be an acceptable preventive measure against COVID-19 infection to boost immune system cells and to repress the production and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines as well as an adipose tissue derived hormone leptin having the proinflammatory nature. Decreased immune system cells such as suppressed regulatory T cells, cytotoxic and helper T cells, natural killer cells, monocytes/macrophages and increased proinflammatory cytokines are the characteristic features.
    • keywords: acute; adipose; aged; allium; ampk; appetite; beneficial; cases; cd4; cd8; cells; clinical; coronavirus; covid-19; cytokines; decrease; disease; effects; extract; food; garlic; immune; infection; leptin; levels; novel; obesity; patients; ppar; preventive; proinflammatory; protein; receptor; respiratory; sars; sativum; severe; system; treatment; treg; tumor
    • versions: original; plain text
24. cord-275569-i5y23mmz
    • author: de Bernardis, E.
    • title: A putative role for the tobacco mosaic virus in smokers’ resistance to COVID-19
    • date: 2020-07-31
    • words: 1501
    • flesch: 31
    • summary: Though it is intuitively tempting, on the basis of physiopathological common knowledge, to predict a greater risk of contracting the SARS-CoV-2 infection in tobacco smokers, an analysis of studies from various countries shows that hospitalized COVID-19 patients have a lower, and apparently inversely proportional, rate of current tobacco smoking, in comparison with the respective general population, although once the disease has developed meta-analyses suggest that smoking is associated with a worse prognosis Apart from nicotine or other chemicals contained in tobacco smoke, we propose that a single-stranded RNA virus that infects tobacco leaves, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), might be implicated in this effect.
    • keywords: cov-2; covid-19; disease; effects; general; humans; infection; initial; interferon; mosaic; nicotine; non; patients; plant; protective; rna; sars; smokers; smoking; tmv; tobacco; type; use; virus
    • versions: original; plain text
25. cord-276564-o21ncldx
    • author: Miller, R.
    • title: COVID-19: NAD(+) deficiency may predispose the aged, obese and type2 diabetics to mortality through its effect on SIRT1 activity
    • date: 2020-06-29
    • words: 3232
    • flesch: 31
    • summary: (39) COVID-19 replication and SIRT1 SIRT1 not only controls and modifies the inflammatory response, but along with the Sirtuin family (SIRT1-7) is also a primary defence against DNA and RNA viral pathogens. COVID-19: NAD + deficiency may predispose the aged, obese and type2 diabetics to mortality through its effect on SIRT1 activity We hypothesize that reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD + ) levels with consequent deficient activity of the NAD + dependent molecule SIRT1, which modulates cytokine production, may be the factor that predisposes the aged, obese, type 2 diabetics and other vulnerable groups to an increased mortality.
    • keywords: activation; activity; adam17; adenine; age; associated; cell; cellular; conditions; cov-2; covid-19; cytokine; decline; deficiency; dependent; diabetes; disease; endothelial; expression; factor; groups; high; human; hyperinflammatory; il-6; increase; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; levels; metabolic; molecule; mortality; nad; nutritional; obesity; oxidative; production; receptor; respiratory; response; risk; sars; severe; sirt1; sirtuins; state; stress; tissue; tnf; vascular; viral
    • versions: original; plain text
26. cord-276715-d1nh2dvb
    • author: Raha, Syamal
    • title: Is Copper beneficial for COVID-19 patients?
    • date: 2020-05-05
    • words: 1612
    • flesch: 43
    • summary: Cu deficiency and its excess levels can result in abnormal cellular function or damages that given its central role in host-pathogen interaction. Cu deficiency is not always about a lack of Cu but also could be the result of an imbalance of Cu and other minerals in the diet that may often occur in an older population.
    • keywords: blood; cells; copper; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; deficiency; dna; function; human; immune; inactivation; infection; influenza; ions; killing; levels; low; microbes; older; particles; people; plasma; replication; response; rna; sars; surface; viral; virus; viruses
    • versions: original; plain text
27. cord-277931-3hxhsmw8
    • author: Khitan, Zeid J.
    • title: SCan Charcoal Improve Outcomes in COVID-19 Infections?
    • date: 2020-08-10
    • words: 1090
    • flesch: 23
    • summary: Coronavirus infection in acute lower respiratory tract disease of infants Lifestyle risk factors, inflammatory mechanisms, and COVID-19 hospitalization: A community-based cohort study of 387,109 adults in UK Risk factors influencing the prognosis of elderly patients infected with COVID-19: a clinical retrospective study in Wuhan The COVID-19 Cytokine Storm; What We Know So Far Central Role for Adipocyte Na,K-ATPase Oxidant Amplification Loop in the Pathogenesis of Experimental Uremic Cardiomyopathy The Adipocyte Na/K-ATPase Oxidant Amplification Loop is the Central Regulator of Western Diet-Induced Obesity and Associated Comorbidities Oxidized HDL, Adipokines, and Endothelial Dysfunction: A Potential Biomarker Profile for Cardiovascular Risk in Women with Obesity pNaKtide inhibits Na/K-ATPase reactive oxygen species amplification and attenuates adipogenesis Uremic Toxins Activates Na/K-ATPase Oxidant Amplification Loop Causing Phenotypic Changes in Adipocytes in In Vitro Models Protein-bound uremic toxins, inflammation and oxidative stress: a cross-sectional study in stage 3-4 chronic kidney disease Altered microbiome in chronic kidney disease: systemic effects of gut-derived uremic toxins Oral activated charcoal adsorbent ameliorates chronic kidney disease-induced intestinal epithelial barrier disruption The Role of Adipocytes and Adipocyte-Like Cells in the Severity of COVID-19 Infections Relationship between changes in body fat and a decline of renal function in the elderly Enterovirus 71 3C Promotes Apoptosis through Cleavage of PinX1, a Telomere Binding Protein ACE2 is expressed in mouse adipocytes and regulated by a high-fat diet Relief of idiopathic generalized pruritus in dialysis patients treated with activated oral charcoal Oral activated charcoal in patients with uremic pruritus Use of activated charcoal for adsorption and elution of ribooligonucleotides Investigating the effect of carbon shape on virus adsorption Infection of bat and human intestinal organoids by SARS-CoV-2 This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants HL109015, HL071556 and HL105649 (to JIS), HL55601 and HL34300 (to NGA), COBRE ACCORD grant (1P20GM121299) (US), and the BrickStreet Foundation and the Huntington Foundation, Inc. (to JIS). We propose to examine the potential utility of oral activated charcoal with the hypothesis that such treatment would lower absorption of microbiome derived toxins and ameliorate systemic oxidant stress and inflammation.
    • keywords: adipocytes; charcoal; covid-19; disease; function; hypothesis; infection; inflammation; lower; microbiome; oral; oxidant; patients; potential; renal; risk; stress; study; sulfate; systemic; toxins; uremic
    • versions: original; plain text
28. cord-278271-rpq62xhl
    • author: Lyu, Jinglu
    • title: Reflection on lower rates of COVID-19 in children: does childhood immunizations offer unexpected protection?
    • date: 2020-05-15
    • words: 4649
    • flesch: 38
    • summary: Eleven T and B lymphocyte tests were used to analyze the changes of specific immune cells. Immune cells are able to clear the pathogen without causing a severe inflammatory response, resulting in covert infection or mild to moderate symptoms with short course, which is called immune fitness (41) .The severity of the infection is not necessarily related to the load of infection, but rather to host fitness, the balance between killing the pathogen and tolerance.
    • keywords: ace2; acute; adults; antibodies; antibody; basic; bcg; blood; cases; cd8+t; cells; characteristics; childhood; children; china; clinical; control; coronavirus; cov-2; covert; covid-19; critical; cross; cytotoxic; disease; epidemic; epidemiological; fever; fitness; function; health; high; host; immune; immunity; immunization; incidence; infected; infection; influenza; innate; lymphocytes; memory; mild; novel; number; outbreak; pathogens; patients; pneumonia; positive; potential; prevention; proportion; protection; reduced; respiratory; response; sars; severe; single; specific; study; susceptible; symptoms; syndrome; system; treatment; vaccination; vaccines; viral; years
    • versions: original; plain text
29. cord-279084-bbae1qyx
    • author: Liu, Bin
    • title: Free DNA, a reason for severe COVID-19 infection?
    • date: 2020-05-05
    • words: 800
    • flesch: 44
    • summary: I hypothesized that the damage induced by free DNA is a reason for severe COVID-19, which can explain many symptoms of this disease, such as cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and muscus plug, acute injuries of heart, liver and kidney, and some special symptoms of COVID-19. key: cord-279084-bbae1qyx authors: Liu, Bin title: Free DNA, a reason for severe COVID-19 infection? date: 2020-05-05 journal:
    • keywords: bat; clinical; coronavirus; covid-19; cytokine; damage; dna; free; infection; novel; patients; sars; severe; storm; symptoms
    • versions: original; plain text
30. cord-279138-dmhphgp5
    • author: Deek, Sarah A.
    • title: Chronic Exposure to Air Pollution Implications on COVID-19 Severity
    • date: 2020-09-28
    • words: 1545
    • flesch: 26
    • summary: There is a need for a valid basis for the proactive identification of indicators of COVID-19 severity in air quality that allow for the implementation of systematic environmental improvements aimed at preventing COVID-19 mortality. There is a need for a valid basis for the proactive identification of indicators of COVID-19 severity in air quality that allow for the implementation of systematic environmental improvements aimed at preventing COVID-19 mortality.
    • keywords: activation; adrenal; air; axis; chronic; covid-19; cytokines; disrupted; exposure; fine; hpa; immune; infected; levels; matter; mortality; particulate; pollution; populations; quality; response; risk; severity; system
    • versions: original; plain text
31. cord-281354-sa27k8o3
    • author: Takahashi, Harutaka
    • title: Role of Latent Tuberculosis Infections in Reduced COVID-19 Mortality: Evidence from an Instrumental Variable Method Analysis
    • date: 2020-08-26
    • words: 1441
    • flesch: 43
    • summary: A survey of key unpublished and published data regarding the association between BCG vaccination and COVID-19 mortality was conducted, and concluded that there was a lack of evidence to support a protective effect of BCG against COVID-19 This effect has been attributed to innate immune responses induced by BCG vaccination.
    • keywords: bcg; countries; covid-19; evidence; explanatory; immune; immunity; infections; innate; ivs; ltbi; method; mortality; number; test; tuberculosis; vaccination; variable
    • versions: original; plain text
32. cord-282853-l0c69uul
    • author: Massad, Eduardo
    • title: Forecasting versus projection models in epidemiology: The case of the SARS epidemics
    • date: 2005-03-30
    • words: 3086
    • flesch: 49
    • summary: key: cord-282853-l0c69uul authors: Massad, Eduardo; Burattini, Marcelo N.; Lopez, Luis F.; Coutinho, Francisco A.B. title: Forecasting versus projection models in epidemiology: The case of the SARS epidemics date: 2005-03-30 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2004.09.029 sha: doc_id: 282853 cord_uid: l0c69uul In this work we propose a simple mathematical model for the analysis of the impact of control measures against an emerging infection, namely, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Projection models should be seen in a counterfactual way, that is, their projections cannot be tested because they will never happen.
    • keywords: absence; acute; canada; cases; contact; control; control measures; course; days; days à1; epidemics; evolution; health; hong; impact; infection; initial; kong; measures; model; natural; number; outbreak; parameter; projection; public; rate; respiratory; sars; second; severe; syndrome; time; toronto; value
    • versions: original; plain text
33. cord-282899-kp114q7n
    • author: Biswas, Saurav
    • title: Blood clots in COVID-19 patients: Simplifying the curious mystery
    • date: 2020-11-06
    • words: 2503
    • flesch: 26
    • summary: key: cord-282899-kp114q7n authors: Biswas, Saurav; Thakur, Vikram; Kaur, Parneet; Khan, Azhar; Kulshrestha, Saurabh; Kumar, Pradeep title: Blood clots in COVID-19 patients: Simplifying the curious mystery date: 2020-11-06 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110371 sha: doc_id: 282899 cord_uid: kp114q7n The universal phenomenon of blood clotting is well known to be protective in external cellular/ tissue injury. The mechanism of blood clotting is like a two-edged sword, wherein the case of severe external injury, clotting is very crucial for preventing the blood loss, whereas, in the case of internal blood vessels injury, it, unfortunately, leads to the formation of blood clots, causing vascular blockades and thrombosis, expanding to every organ leading to severe and fatal outcomes.
    • keywords: ace2; activation; associated; binding; blood; blood vessels; cases; cells; clinical; clots; clotting; coagulation; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; endothelial; et al; expression; fibrin; formation; high; infection; inflammation; injury; pathogenesis; patients; plasminogen; platelets; protein; pulmonary; receptor; sars; severe; spike; stroke; thrombosis; tissue; vascular; vasoconstriction; vessels; viral; virus
    • versions: original; plain text
34. cord-286038-a62k3lma
    • author: Klimke, A.
    • title: Hydroxychloroquine as an aerosol might markedly reduce and even prevent severe clinical symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection
    • date: 2020-04-27
    • words: 2339
    • flesch: 36
    • summary: From a pharmacological standpoint, however, the major problems of oral treatment with these drugs are possible severe side effects and toxicity. Finally, HCQ as aerosol could be tested preferentially as co-medication in more severely ill patients where an indication for oral HCQ treatment is given.
    • keywords: ace2; acute; aerosol; alveolar; application; cases; cells; chloroquine; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; disease; drugs; effects; hcq; high; infection; lung; major; oral; patients; pharmacological; pneumonia; potent; receptor; respiratory; sars; severe; surface; symptoms; treatment; vitro
    • versions: original; plain text
35. cord-287824-zg5akivn
    • author: Chan, Yinghan
    • title: Advanced drug delivery systems can assist in managing influenza virus infection: A hypothesis
    • date: 2020-09-24
    • words: 1159
    • flesch: -1
    • summary: Vaccine Anti-455 bacterial activity of inorganic nanomaterials and their antimicrobial peptide conjugates 456 against resistant and non-resistant pathogens Perspectives and 459 advancements in the design of nanomaterials for targeted cancer theranostics Microparticles as Vaccine Adjuvants and Delivery Systems Investigation of 465 tunable acetalated dextran microparticle platform to optimize M2e-based influenza 466 vaccine efficacy Molecular assembly and application of biomimetic microcapsules Hybrid inorganic-organic capsules for eficient intracellular delivery of novel siRNAs 472 against influenza A (H1N1) virus infection Biodegradable Polyelectrolyte/Silica Composite Microcapsules as Carriers for Small 476 Application of dendrimers for the treatment of 479 infectious diseases Nanoparticle vaccines against infectious diseases Delivery Vehicles for Active Phytoconstituents Emerging Trends 492 in Nanomedicine for Topical Delivery in Skin Disorders: Current and Translational 493 Oligonucleotide 495 therapy: An emerging focus area for drug delivery in chronic inflammatory respiratory 496 diseases Emerging trends in 498 the novel drug delivery approaches for the treatment of lung cancer Interactions 501 with the macrophages: An emerging targeted approach using novel drug delivery 502 systems in respiratory diseases Gene Delivery by PAMAM Dendrimer 505 Conjugated with the Nuclear Localization Signal Peptide Derived from Influenza B 506 Identification of biomarkers and genetic approaches toward chronic obstructive 510 pulmonary disease Inhibition of influenza A virus infection in vitro by saliphenylhalamide-loaded 513 porous silicon nanoparticles Enhanced inhibition of influenza virus infection 516 by peptide-noble-metal nanoparticle conjugates Development of an adjuvanted nanoparticle vaccine against influenza virus, an 520 in vitro study Pulmonary surfactant-biomimetic 523 nanoparticles potentiate heterosubtypic influenza immunity Protein Nanoparticle Immunization Induces Broad Cross-Protection against 527 Different Influenza Viruses in Mice Virus-mimetic polymer 530 nanoparticles displaying hemagglutinin as an adjuvant-free influenza vaccine Porous gold nanoparticles for 533 attenuating infectivity of influenza A virus Inhibition of H1N1 influenza virus infection by zinc oxide nanoparticles: 537 Another emerging application of nanomedicine Phase 3 Pivotal Trial of NanoFlu TM in Older Adults Editorial: Advances and challenges in nanomedicine Nanoethics: From utopian dreams and apocalyptic nightmares towards a 543 more balanced view The authors declare no conflict of interest, financial or otherwise. Single-371 dose mucosal immunization with a candidate universal influenza vaccine provides 372 rapid protection from virulent H5N1, H3N2 and H1N1 viruses Exploiting Nanotechnology to Target Viruses Universal influenza vaccines: from viruses to 378 nanoparticles Nanotherapeutic Anti-influenza Solutions: Current Knowledge and Future Challenges Influenza antivirals and resistance: The next 10 384 years?
    • keywords: anti; authors; chronic; delivery; development; diseases; drug; h1n1; high; hypothesis; infection; influenza; inhibition; medical; nanomedicine; nanoparticles; need; novel; outbreaks; resistance; respiratory; systems; treatment; vaccine; virus; viruses; years; zg5akivn
    • versions: original; plain text
36. cord-288009-8i3gsq9p
    • author: Javor, S.
    • title: Why not consider an endothelin receptor antagonist against SARS‐CoV‐2?
    • date: 2020-04-25
    • words: 672
    • flesch: 39
    • summary: In patients with HIV infection, PAH is a life-threatening complication [14] . New therapeutic opportunities for COVID-19 patients with Tocilizumab: Possible correlation of interleukin-6 receptor inhibitors with osteonecrosis of the jaws Evaluation of the effect of bosentan treatment on proinflammatory cytokine serum levels in patients affected by systemic sclerosis Pulmonary arterial hypertension related to HIV: is inflammation related to IL-6 the cornerstone?
    • keywords: antagonist; bosentan; coronavirus; covid-19; endothelin; hiv; il-6; infection; ncov; new; pah; patients; receptor; respiratory; sars; syndrome; treatment
    • versions: original; plain text
37. cord-288733-c51lfwd6
    • author: Kavanagh, Oisín
    • title: Inhaled Hydroxychloroquine to Improve Efficacy and Reduce Harm in the Treatment of COVID-19
    • date: 2020-07-15
    • words: 774
    • flesch: 30
    • summary: Concerns associated with severe side effects 41 are such that the FDA and EMA now formally recommend against taking HCQ for COVID- Effects of chloroquine on 178 viral infections: An old drug against today's diseases? New insights into the 181 antiviral effects of chloroquine Hydroxychloroquine in SLE: Old drug, new perspectives. Further, almost all of the trials registered do not consider dosage adjustment in the elderly, a patient population most likely to require HCQ treatment.
    • keywords: clinical; coronavirus; covid-19; drug; effects; hcq; hydroxychloroquine; interval; patients; risk; safety; sars; studies; treatment; trials
    • versions: original; plain text
38. cord-289049-4ozwhcyi
    • author: Roncati, Luca
    • title: Renin-angiotensin system: The unexpected flaw inside the human immune system revealed by SARS-CoV-2
    • date: 2020-03-21
    • words: 384
    • flesch: 20
    • summary: Therefore, a hypothesis arises: could a chronic therapeutic assumption of ACE inhibitors or AII receptor antagonists have induced several elderly and middle-aged patients to be more vulnerable to the virus by upregulating ACE2 receptors? None. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-a new cardiac regulator Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic target Upregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 in hepatic fibrosis by ACE inhibitors Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin II receptor blockers on cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 No conflict of interest.
    • keywords: ace; aii; angiotensin; converting; cov-2; enzyme; inhibitors; receptor; sars; system
    • versions: original; plain text
39. cord-289332-hvakv08t
    • author: Chen, Guoqian
    • title: Pathogenic role of HMGB1 in SARS?
    • date: 2004-04-30
    • words: 1672
    • flesch: 29
    • summary: The kinetics of HMGB1 release from activated macrophages/monocytes is significantly delayed, with HMGB1 accumulation first detectable at 8 h after stimulation For instance, if immunoassays using anti-HMGB1 antibodies indicate a potential elevation of pulmonary HMGB1 levels in SARS patients, it will support the above hypothesis.
    • keywords: acute; administration; anti; antibodies; box; cells; chinese; endotoxin; group; herbal; high; hmgb1; inflammation; inflammatory; injury; lung; macrophages; mediator; mobility; protein; pulmonary; release; remedies; response; role; sars; sepsis
    • versions: original; plain text
40. cord-289905-dvl2pud2
    • author: Gan, Rosemary
    • title: COVID-19 as a Viral Functional ACE2 Deficiency Disorder with ACE2 Related Multi-organ Disease
    • date: 2020-06-23
    • words: 4360
    • flesch: 29
    • summary: This group of patients may well carry higher risk for COVID-19 renal disease. The viral destruction of ACE2 expressing cells may lead to the profound loss of the protective AT(1-7) effects in an environment of ATII effect dominance (Fig. 1) .
    • keywords: aberrant; ace2; activity; acute; alveolar; angiotensin; anti; anticoagulation; atii; autopsy; cardiac; cells; clinical; converting; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cytokine; deficiency; disease; early; effects; endothelial; enzyme; expression; global; group; heart; hypertension; hypothesis; hypoxia; il-6; individuals; infection; injury; loss; lung; mechanism; microvascular; model; organ; pathology; patients; possible; protocols; pulmonary; ras; receptor; reduction; related; renal; respiratory; revision; risk; sars; severe; system; thrombosis; tissue; treatment; vascular; vasoconstriction; ventilation; viral
    • versions: original; plain text
41. cord-290803-v5ndlk9c
    • author: Khan, Imran
    • title: Can COVID-19 induce glioma tumorogenesis through binding cell receptors?
    • date: 2020-06-19
    • words: 910
    • flesch: 36
    • summary: Our results from Hex docking showed that COVID-19 S protein has binding affinity towards EGFR, VEGFR and c-MET receptor proteins, which was comparable to the binding affinity between ACE2 and S protein (Figure 1) . Since Wan et al. 4 already analyzed the binding of the human ACE2 protein with RBD of COVID-19 S protein, we used this binding as reference for protein-protein interaction in our analysis.
    • keywords: ace2; binding; cells; covid-19; docking; egfr; factor; glioma; growth; interaction; oncogenic; protein; receptors; viral
    • versions: original; plain text
42. cord-291037-19csqq89
    • author: Janssen, Rob
    • title: Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) gene polymorphism as determinant of differences in Covid-19-related disease severity
    • date: 2020-08-25
    • words: 2205
    • flesch: 33
    • summary: key: cord-291037-19csqq89 authors: Janssen, Rob; Walk, Jona title: Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) gene polymorphism as determinant of differences in Covid-19-related disease severity date: 2020-08-25 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110218 sha: doc_id: 291037 cord_uid: 19csqq89 Covid-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has major world-wide health-related and socio-economic consequences. Activation of procoagulant factor II by vitamin K in the liver, however, was hardly affected and not different between Covid-19 patients with good and poor outcomes
    • keywords: -1639a; activation; allele; anticoagulant; asia; black; covid-19; death; dependent; differences; disease; dose; east; endothelial; extrahepatic; factors; frequency; high; low; mortality; patients; polymorphism; populations; procoagulant; protein; rates; recycling; sars; severe; thrombotic; vitamin; vka; vkorc1
    • versions: original; plain text
43. cord-291722-xnfdjriz
    • author: Meenakshisundaram, Ramachandran
    • title: Protective effects of vaccinations and endemic infections on COVID-19: A Hypothesis
    • date: 2020-05-26
    • words: 840
    • flesch: 27
    • summary: Considering BCG vaccination to reduce the impact of COVID-19 Connecting BCG Vaccination and COVID-19: Based on the above, we believe that the above principles may apply for the less occurrence of COVID-19 in regions where other viral infections are prevalent.
    • keywords: antibodies; bcg; coronavirus; covid-19; cross; effects; immune; immunity; infections; interference; low; occurrence; organisms; sars; vaccination; vaccine; viral
    • versions: original; plain text
44. cord-291781-gs81g1db
    • author: Caruso, Arturo Armone
    • title: Hydrogen peroxide and viral infections: a literature review with research hypothesis definition in relation to the current covid-19 pandemic
    • date: 2020-06-01
    • words: 1380
    • flesch: 26
    • summary: key: cord-291781-gs81g1db authors: Caruso, Arturo Armone; Prete, Antonio Del; Lazzarino, Antonio Ivan title: Hydrogen peroxide and viral infections: a literature review with research hypothesis definition in relation to the current covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-01 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109910 sha: doc_id: 291781 cord_uid: gs81g1db We reviewed the literature concerning the innate response from nasal and oral epithelial cells and their reaction to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). The detection of hydrogen peroxide involved in plant virus infection by fluorescence spectroscopy Hydrogen peroxide induces La cytoplasmic shuttling and increases hepatitis C virus internal ribosome entry site-dependent translation Virucidal Efficacy of a Hydrogen Peroxide Nebulization Against Murine Norovirus and Feline Calicivirus, Two Surrogates of Human Norovirus Efficacy of accelerated hydrogen peroxide® disinfectant on foot-and-mouth disease virus, swine vesicular disease virus and Senecavirus A Efficacy of an accelerated hydrogen peroxide disinfectant to inactivate porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in swine feces on metal surfaces Roles of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide during replication of two unrelated plant RNA viruses in Nicotiana benthamiana Evaluation of an accelerated hydrogen peroxide disinfectant to inactivate porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in swine feces on aluminum surfaces under freezing conditions Evaluation of hospital-grade disinfectants on viral deposition on surfaces after toilet flushing PCR Prevalence of Murine Opportunistic Microbes and their Mitigation by Using Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide Hydrogen peroxide vapour is an effective replacement for Formaldehyde in a BSL4 Foot and mouth disease vaccine manufacturing facility Sensitivity of African swine fever virus (ASFV) to heat, alkalinity and peroxide treatment in presence or absence of porcine plasma Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and their inactivation with biocidal agents Hydrogen peroxide: a review of its use in dentistry Treatment of pharyngitis and laryngitis with an improved hydrogen peroxide Glycerite of hydrogen peroxide; a correlative review of laboratory and clinical data Glycerite of hydrogen peroxide; its use in various inflammatory aural conditions Hydrogen peroxide in the human body The authors received no funding from any source.
    • keywords: authors; cells; clinical; current; disease; epithelial; hydrogen; important; induced; infections; innate; literature; local; mouth; nasal; oral; oxidative; peroxide; response; role; stress; studies; surfaces; swine; transmission; viral; virus
    • versions: original; plain text
45. cord-293059-2iwzieqm
    • author: Tao, Huaqiang
    • title: Dysimmunity and inflammatory storm: Watch out for bone lesions in COVID-19 infection
    • date: 2020-10-06
    • words: 1818
    • flesch: 29
    • summary: However, studies on the correlation between pro-inflammatory cytokine responses and bone metabolism in COVID-19 patients are still lacking. In this special background, will inflammatory disorder and immune imbalance affect bone metabolism after COVID-19 infection?
    • keywords: activation; bone; cells; cov-2; covid-19; cytokines; destruction; differentiation; diseases; expression; factor; free; hypoxia; immune; induced; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; metabolism; nfatc1; osteoclast; osteoclastogenesis; oxidative; oxygen; patients; pro; rankl; resorption; responses; sars; signaling; storm; stress; system; tnf
    • versions: original; plain text
46. cord-293860-6kz0iws6
    • author: Qutayba Almerie, Muhammad
    • title: The Association between Obesity and Poor Outcome after COVID-19 Indicates a Potential Therapeutic Role for Montelukast
    • date: 2020-05-27
    • words: 2804
    • flesch: 31
    • summary: Evidence supporting montelukast as a candidate COVID-19 therapy in individuals with obesity: Patients affected by severe obesity share a common physiological response with patients with COVID-19 as both have raised concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-a, IL1 and IL6) and T-helper-2 cytokines (IL4, IL10) Regulation of adipose tissue inflammation by interleukin 6 Circulating levels of MCP-1 and IL-8 are elevated in human obese subjects and associated with obesity-related parameters Inflammatory cytokines in general and central obesity and modulating effects of physical activity Features of 16,749 hospitalised UK patients with COVID-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol Are more black, Asian and minority ethnic people dying with Covid-19 than might be expected?
    • keywords: affinity; anti; binding; cells; central; clinical; cov-2; cov2; covid-19; cysteinyl; cytokine; damage; disease; drugs; effect; effective; enzyme; expensive; heightened; il8; immune; infections; inflammation; inflammatory; leukotriene; main; montelukast; obesity; patients; potential; protease; pulmonary; receptor; release; replication; response; rna; sars; site; studies; therapeutic; tissue; viral; virus
    • versions: original; plain text
47. cord-296253-bxyzhsfs
    • author: Elham, Elzat
    • title: Anatomic evidence shows that lymphatic drainage exists in the pituitary to loop the cerebral lymphatic circulation
    • date: 2020-05-30
    • words: 1688
    • flesch: 33
    • summary: Surprisingly, we found that (1) the pituitary (adenohypophysis) is involved and is rich in lymphatic vessels and (2) perinasal tissue could communicate with central pituitary lymphatic vessels in a specific and unidirectional manner. Surprisingly, we found that (1) the pituitary (adenohypophysis) is involved and is rich in lymphatic vessels and (2) perinasal tissue could communicate with central pituitary lymphatic vessels in a specific and unidirectional manner.
    • keywords: analysis; anatomic; blue; brain; cells; central; cerebral; circulation; cns; defence; drainage; evans; immune; infections; intracranial; lymphatic; lymphatic system; meningeal; microscope; nervous; neurological; perinasal; peripheral; pituitary; respiratory; role; study; system; unknown; vessels
    • versions: original; plain text
48. cord-297178-moxhk2e0
    • author: Novaes Rocha, Vinicius
    • title: Viral replication of SARS-CoV-2 could be self-limitative - the role of the renin-angiotensin system on COVID-19 pathophysiology
    • date: 2020-10-01
    • words: 3277
    • flesch: 35
    • summary: Therefore individuals with greater expression of tissue ACE, and consequently, greater production of Ang II, will present a decrease in tissue ACE2 and an increase in soluble ACE2 (systemic), due to greater activation of ADAM17 and ACE2 cleavage. Thus, due to higher levels of circulating ACE2, men may present a lower level of tissue ACE2, becoming more vulnerable to local SARS imbalance after SARS-Cov-2 infection.
    • keywords: ace2; activation; activity; acute; adam17; ang; ang ii; angiotensin; at1; cell; converting; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cytokine; different; disease; enzyme; expression; factor; higher; human; hypoxia; immune; increase; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; interaction; levels; local; lung; new; pathophysiology; pathway; patients; production; protective; protein; ras; receptor; related; renin; replication; respiratory; role; sars; severe; soluble; storm; study; syndrome; system; tissue; viral
    • versions: original; plain text
49. cord-299911-v95pf3eg
    • author: El-Ghiaty, Mahmoud A.
    • title: Cytochrome P450-mediated drug interactions in COVID-19 patients: current findings and possible mechanisms
    • date: 2020-06-26
    • words: 5332
    • flesch: 31
    • summary: IL-1 beta counteracts clofibric acid induction of CYP4A in cultured fetal rat hepatocytes Suppression of CYP2C11 gene transcription by interleukin-1 mediated by NF-kappaB binding at the transcription start site Effects of interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) and IL-1beta/interleukin 6 (IL-6) combinations on drug metabolizing enzymes in human hepatocyte culture Pretranslational down-regulation of cytochromes P450 2C11 and 3A2 in male rat liver by tumor necrosis factor alpha Nitric oxidemediated inhibition of cytochrome P450 by interferon-gamma in human hepatocytes inactivation by serum from humans with a viral infection and serum from rabbits with a turpentine-induced inflammation: the role of cytokines The interleukin-2 receptor downregulates the expression of cytochrome P450 in cultured rat hepatocytes Decrease in hepatic cytochrome P450 after interleukin-2 immunotherapy In vivo effects of interleukin-10 on human cytochrome P450 activity Down-regulation of the hepatic cytochrome P450 by an acute inflammatory reaction: implication of mediators in human and animal serum and in the liver Cytochrome P450 down-regulation by serum from humans with a viral infection and from rabbits with an inflammatory reaction Effect of interleukin 6 on phenobarbital induction of cytochrome P-450IIB in cultured rat hepatocytes Chauvelot-Moachon L. Effects of interleukin-6 on cytochrome P450-dependent mixed-function oxidases in the rat Interleukin-6 down regulates the expression of transcripts encoding cytochrome P450 IA1, IA2 and IIIA3 in human hepatoma cells Suppression of constitutive cytochrome P-450 gene expression in livers of rats undergoing an acute phase response to endotoxin Selective suppression of cytochrome P-450 gene expression by interleukins 1 and 6 in rat liver Suppression of the constitutive expression of cytochrome P-450 2C11 by cytokines and interferons in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes: comparison with induction of acute-phase genes and demonstration that CYP2C11 promoter sequences are involved in the suppressive response to interleukins 1 and 6 Hepatic cytochrome P450 down-regulation during aseptic inflammation in the mouse is interleukin 6 dependent Involvement of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha in CYP3A11 and 2C29 down-regulation by Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and lipopolysaccharide in mouse liver Modulation of hepatic cytochrome P450s by Citrobacter rodentium infection in interleukin-6-and interferon-{gamma}-null mice Cytochrome P450 and antioxidant activity in interleukin-6 knockout mice after induction of the acute-phase response Transgenic mouse models of human CYP3A4 gene regulation Transcriptional repression of hepatic cytochrome P450 3A4 gene in the presence of cancer Downregulation of drug transport and metabolism in mice bearing extra-hepatic malignancies Extrahepatic cancer represses hepatic drug metabolism via interleukin (IL)-6 signalling Effects of cytokines on CYP3A4 expression and reversal of the effects by anti-cytokine agents in the three-dimensionally cultured human hepatoma cell line FLC-4 Effects of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and an anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody on drug-metabolizing enzymes in human hepatocyte culture Gene transcription in hepatocytes during the acute phase of a systemic inflammation: from transcription factors to target genes Regulation of cytochrome p450 by inflammatory mediators: why and how? NF-kappaB and the immune response Role of NF-kappaB in the regulation of cytochrome P450 enzymes Mechanism of suppression of cytochrome P-450 1A1 expression by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and lipopolysaccharide Ah receptor and NF-kappaB interactions: mechanisms and physiological implications Modulation of CYP1A2 and CYP3A6 catalytic activities by serum from rabbits with a turpentine-induced inflammatory reaction and interleukin 6 Inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB signal by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury Mutual repression between steroid and xenobiotic receptor and NF-kappaB signaling pathways links xenobiotic metabolism and inflammation Role of NF-kappaB in regulation of PXR-mediated gene expression: a mechanism for the suppression of cytochrome P-450 3A4 by proinflammatory agents Pregnane X receptor is required for interleukin-6-mediated down-regulation of cytochrome P450 3A4 in human hepatocytes Is nuclear factor kappa-B the missing link between inflammation, cancer and alteration in hepatic drug metabolism in patients with cancer? = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology Specific ACE2 Expression in Cholangiocytes May Cause Liver Damage After 2019-nCoV Infection Liver injury in COVID-19: management and challenges COVID-19 and Liver Dysfunction: Current Insights and Emergent Therapeutic Strategies COVID-19 and liver disease Systemic viral infections and collateral damage in the liver Kupffer cell-dependent hepatitis occurs during influenza infection Liver involvement during influenza infection: perspective on the 2009 influenza pandemic Complex Drug-Drug Interactions Involving Cytochromes P450: Systematic Review of Published Case Reports and Clinical Perspectives Trends in new drug interactions for pharmaceutical products in Japan Infection and inflammation leading to clozapine toxicity and intensive care: a case series Decreased dromotropic response to verapamil despite pronounced increased drug concentration in rheumatoid arthritis Influence of chronic hepatitis C infection on cytochrome P450 3A4 activity using midazolam as an in vivo probe substrate Drug-disease interaction: Crohn's disease elevates verapamil plasma concentrations but reduces response to the drug proportional to disease activity Variability in drug metabolizing enzyme activity in HIV-infected patients Altered theophylline clearance during an influenza B outbreak The use of imipramine in depressed patients with congestive heart failure Understanding Disease-Drug Interactions in Cancer Patients: Implications for Dosing Within the Therapeutic Window Disease-drug-drug interaction involving tocilizumab and simvastatin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis Disease-Drug Interaction of Sarilumab and Simvastatin in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Evaluation of disease-mediated therapeutic protein-drug interactions between an anti-lnterleukin-6 monoclonal antibody (Sirukumab) and cytochrome P450 activities in a phase I study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using a cocktail approach A physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling approach to predict disease-drug interactions: suppression of CYP3A by IL-6 Development of a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model to Predict Disease-Mediated Therapeutic Protein-Drug Interactions: Modulation of Multiple Cytochrome Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model to Assess the Influence of Blinatumomab-Mediated Cytokine Elevations on Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Activity Summary on compassionate use of Remdesivir Gilead Breakthrough: Chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies The Greek study in the effects of colchicine in COvid-19 complications prevention (GRECCO-19 study): Rationale and study design In vitro metabolism of chloroquine: identification of CYP2C8, CYP3A4, and CYP2D6 as the main isoforms catalyzing Ndesethylchloroquine formation Colchicine--Update on mechanisms of action and therapeutic uses Critical Care Utilization for the COVID-19 Early Experience and Forecast During an Emergency Response Forecasting COVID-19 impact on hospital bed-days, ICU-days, ventilator-days and deaths by US state in the next 4 months Drug-associated disease: cytochrome P450 interactions Baseline Characteristics and Outcomes of 1591 Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 Admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region Clinical implications from drug-drug and drug-disease interactions in older people An update on the clinical consequences of polypharmacy in older adults: a narrative review
    • keywords: activity; acute; agents; anti; antibody; arthritis; associated; cancer; cases; clearance; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cyp1a2; cyp3a11; cyp3a4; cyps; cytochrome; cytokines; different; disease; drug; effect; enzymes; expression; factor; failure; gene; hepatic; hepatocytes; human; il-6; immune; induction; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; interactions; interleukin; kappab; levels; liver; lung; major; mediators; metabolism; metabolizing; mice; model; monoclonal; multiple; novel; p450; patients; pharmacokinetic; phase; pneumonia; potential; rats; reaction; receptor; regulation; reported; respiratory; response; rheumatoid; role; sars; serum; severe; significant; studies; study; suppression; syndrome; system; systemic; therapeutic; tocilizumab; treatment; tumor; viral
    • versions: original; plain text
50. cord-301619-0ojayw16
    • author: Adamowicz, Jan
    • title: May patients receiving 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors be in higher risk of COVID-19 complications ?
    • date: 2020-04-22
    • words: 1217
    • flesch: 28
    • summary: The role of dihydrotestosterone in benign prostatic hyperplasia The 5 alpha-reductase isozyme family: A review of basic biology and their role in human diseases A link between lung androgen metabolism and the emergence of mature epithelial type II cells Alveolar type II cellfibroblast interactions, synthesis and secretion of surfactant and type I collagen Gene expression profile of androgen modulated genes in the murine fetal developing lung Transdifferentiation of alveolar epithelial type II cells to type I cells involves autocrine signaling by transforming growth factor β1 through the Smad pathway Hormonal influences on lung function and response to environmental agents: Lessons from animal models of respiratory disease Androgen inactivation in human lung fibroblasts: Variations in levels of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 and 5α-reductase activity compatible with androgen inactivation Epithelial Regeneration and Lung Stem Cells COVID-19 infection: the perspectives on immune responses May patients receiving 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors be in higher risk of COVID-19 complications This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. During alveolar fetal development and alveolar repair after inflammatory lung disease close contacts needs to be established between fibroblasts and lung epithelial cells through gaps in the basement membrane (7).
    • keywords: alpha; alveolar; androgen; cells; covid-19; disease; epithelial; females; higher; infection; inhibitors; lung; major; males; number; patients; prognosis; recovery; reductase; regeneration; respiratory; studies; treatment; type
    • versions: original; plain text
51. cord-302212-zt4lv5g4
    • author: Patruno, Cataldo
    • title: COVID-19, QUARANTINE, AND ATOPIC DERMATITIS
    • date: 2020-05-19
    • words: 419
    • flesch: 27
    • summary: The exposome in atopic dermatitis Effects of climate change on skin diseases The role of occupational dermatology in the COVID-19 outbreak Mass quarantine measures of COVID-19 pandemic: psychosocial implications for chronic skin conditions and a call for qualitative studies All authors have no interests to report On the other hand, a paradoxical positive consequence of lockdown is the significant reduction of outdoor air pollution subsequent to the reduction of urban traffic; AD has been associated with traffic-related air pollution, probably for oxidative damage of skin barrier (1).
    • keywords: activity; atopic; covid-19; dermatitis; disease; pollution; quarantine; reduction; skin
    • versions: original; plain text
52. cord-303022-9hqoq7tf
    • author: Madapusi Balaji, Thodur
    • title: Oral cancer and periodontal disease increase the risk of COVID 19? A mechanism mediated through furin and cathepsin overexpression
    • date: 2020-06-01
    • words: 893
    • flesch: 40
    • summary: Via Fibroblasts Significant expression of FURIN and ACE2 on oral epithelial cells may facilitate the efficiency of 2019-nCov entry SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 (previously 2019-nCoV) infection by a highly potent pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitor targeting its spike protein that harbors a high capacity to mediate membrane fusion Salivary and gingival crevicular fluid melatonin in periodontal health and disease Clinical significance of serum melatonin in predicting the severity of oral squamous cell carcinoma Effect of melatonin administration on activities of some lysosomal enzymes in the mouse key: cord-303022-9hqoq7tf authors: Madapusi Balaji, Thodur; Varadarajan, Saranya; Vishal Rao, U.S.; Thirumal Raj, A.; Patil, Shankaragouda; Arakeri, Gururaj; Brennan, Peter A title: Oral cancer and periodontal disease increase the risk of COVID 19?
    • keywords: ace2; cancer; cathepsin; cell; chronic; corona; disease; expression; furin; fusion; host; human; infection; melatonin; mucosa; oral; protease; sars; virus-2
    • versions: original; plain text
53. cord-304658-vxu33v7i
    • author: Brenner, Steven R.
    • title: Covid-19, TMPRSS2, and whether android regulation affects pandemic virus gender incidence and age distribution of disease
    • date: 2020-04-22
    • words: 366
    • flesch: 38
    • summary: key: cord-304658-vxu33v7i authors: Brenner, Steven R. title: Covid-19, TMPRSS2, and whether android regulation affects pandemic virus gender incidence and age distribution of disease date: 2020-04-22 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109773 sha: doc_id: 304658 cord_uid: vxu33v7i nan Medical Hypotheses journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/mehy Covid-19, TMPRSS2, and whether android regulation affects pandemic virus gender incidence and age distribution of disease The likely reason that Covid19 has male predominance is that it appears to be an androgen driven pathogen.
    • keywords: age; androgen; cell; covid19; pandemic; protease; regulation; tmprss2; virus
    • versions: original; plain text
54. cord-306146-i4a74j3r
    • author: Fitzgerald, Paul J.
    • title: Noradrenergic and serotonergic drugs may have opposing effects on COVID-19 cytokine storm and associated psychological effects
    • date: 2020-06-09
    • words: 574
    • flesch: 12
    • summary: key: cord-306146-i4a74j3r authors: Fitzgerald, Paul J. title: Noradrenergic and serotonergic drugs may have opposing effects on COVID-19 cytokine storm and associated psychological effects date: 2020-06-09 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109985 sha: doc_id: 306146 cord_uid: i4a74j3r nan Funding sources: None that directly supported this letter. I suggest here that this cytokine storm may be counteracted by a range of clinically used drugs that reduce NE transmission (but that may not act through direct effects on viral replication or viral entry into cells) 5 : alpha2 agonists such as clonidine, guanfacine, dexmedetomidine; various beta blockers such as propranolol, nebivolol, carvedilol, atenolol; and various alpha1 antagonists such as prazosin 4 .
    • keywords: 5ht; clinical; covid-19; cytokine; drugs; effects; infection; psychological; role; signaling; storm; transmission
    • versions: original; plain text
55. cord-308279-gsk4qel5
    • author: Suzuki, Yuichiro J.
    • title: The viral protein fragment theory of COVID-19 pathogenesis
    • date: 2020-09-11
    • words: 1399
    • flesch: 31
    • summary: Thus, COVID-19 deaths of patients with cardiovascular co-comorbidity are due to the death of host cells as a consequence of the viral infection and replication as well as the spike protein fragment-mediated cell signaling in human host cardiovascular cells. Thus, the first experiments that are needed to test this hypothesis is to identify the regions of SARS CoV-2 spike protein that are responsible for activating cell signaling, perhaps by using cultured human cells.
    • keywords: cardiovascular; cells; cov-2; covid-19; disease; fragment; host; infected; patients; protein; replication; sars; signaling; spike; viral; virus
    • versions: original; plain text
56. cord-310217-p9nqcz5d
    • author: Nikolina, Basic-Jukic
    • title: Can hyperimmune anti-CMV globuline substitute for convalescent plasma for treatment of COVID-19?
    • date: 2020-05-31
    • words: 649
    • flesch: 29
    • summary: Data on file The effectiveness of convalescent plasma and hyperimmune immunoglobulin for the treatment of severe acute respiratory infections of viral etiology: a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis Convalescent plasma as a potential therapy for COVID-19 Effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID-19 patients Convalescent plasma therapy, has been used in treatment of numerous infectious diseases including SARS and MERS pandemic (3) .
    • keywords: anti; cmv; convalescent; covid-19; hyperimmune; infection; patients; plasma; recipients; renal; transplant; treatment
    • versions: original; plain text
57. cord-310928-g553afo9
    • author: Murch, Simon H
    • title: Common determinants of severe Covid-19 infection are explicable by SARS-CoV-2 secreted glycoprotein interaction with the CD33-related Siglecs, Siglec-3 and Siglec-5/14
    • date: 2020-08-07
    • words: 3739
    • flesch: 37
    • summary: Viral SGP ligation of CD33, potentially in conjunction with Siglec-5, would promote expansion of CD33 MDSC cells, as occurs in cancers but at much greater scale. Thus, a significant comorbidity in children may be an increase in MDSC cells due to overweight.
    • keywords: activation; allele; antiviral; associated; binding; cause; cd33; cells; children; clinical; cov-2; covid-19; critical; disease; early; evidence; expression; figure; glycan; glycoprotein; hla; immune; increase; infection; inflammasome; inhibition; interaction; likely; marrow; mdsc; mechanism; myeloid; nlrp3; numbers; patients; persons; populations; production; proinflammatory; release; respiratory; responses; risk; rs3865444; sars; severe; sgp; sialyl; siglec-14; siglec-5; siglecs; significant; suppressor; syndrome; th17; type; viral; virus
    • versions: original; plain text
58. cord-311673-z4hkw17g
    • author: Uzzan, Mathieu
    • title: Why is SARS-CoV-2 infection more severe in obese men? The gut lymphatics - lung axis hypothesis
    • date: 2020-06-23
    • words: 2975
    • flesch: 32
    • summary: Higher risk of death was further reported for males with cardiovascular comorbidities within COVID-19 ICU patients [3, 4] . Further investigations demonstrated that peripheral inflammatory monocytes and T cells through their production of GM-CSF may incite cytokine storm in severe COVID-19 patients [15, 16] .
    • keywords: adipose; blood; cardiovascular; cells; circulation; clinical; coronavirus; covid-19; cytokines; day; disease; endothelial; factors; fat; forms; gut; high; icu; il-6; ill; immune; increase; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; intestinal; key; level; lung; lymph; macrophages; major; mesenteric; microbial; monocytes; patients; permeability; phase; portal; pro; respiratory; response; role; sars; severe; syndrome; systemic; tissue; tnf; translocation; visceral
    • versions: original; plain text
59. cord-312912-i1yyz5lg
    • author: Bou Khalil, Rami
    • title: Lithium chloride combination with rapamycin for the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia
    • date: 2020-05-01
    • words: 756
    • flesch: 26
    • summary: the-media-briefing-on-covid Oldie but Goodie: lithium in the treatment of bipolar disorder through neuroprotective and neurotrophic mechanisms Lithium chloride inhibits the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in cell culture Comparative analysis of the effect of glycyrrhizin diammonium and lithium chloride on infectious bronchitis virus infection in vitro Antiviral effect of lithium chloride on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in vitro Antibiotics produced by streptomyces mTOR inhibitors lower an intrinsic barrier to virus infection mediated by IFITM3 Biosynthesis of rapamycin and its regulation: past achievements and recent progress Convergence of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1-and glycogen synthase kinase 3-β-signaling pathways regulates the innate inflammatory response Autophagy negatively regulates transmissible gastroenteritis virus replication Dysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China Since lithium chloride has been demonstrated efficient in the treatment of human herpes simplex virus via its role in inhibiting viral DNA synthesis, it has been essayed as an antiviral agent especially for coronaviruses infections in many studies.
    • keywords: cell; chloride; coronavirus; covid-19; effect; glycogen; inhibition; kinase; lithium; mtor; rapamycin; response; synthase; treatment; viral; virus
    • versions: original; plain text
60. cord-313382-prxc0lue
    • author: Hossein Norooznezhad, Amir
    • title: Empiric Antibiotics in Management of Inpatient Pregnant Women Infected with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Focusing on Inflammation and Preterm Labor
    • date: 2020-09-12
    • words: 870
    • flesch: 32
    • summary: However, we have highlighted that the use of antibiotics in the absence of bacterial infection might result in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokine and therefore, an inflammatory storm. During this endotoxemia, the activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) cause the release/expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)), chemokines, prostaglandins, and proteases which are involved in preterm labor.
    • keywords: antibiotics; bacterial; coronavirus; covid-19; disease; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; labor; patients; pregnant; preterm; pro; study; women
    • versions: original; plain text
61. cord-314679-lmfalzni
    • author: Sangith, Nikhil
    • title: Unique Fibrinogen-binding motifs in the Nucleocapsid Phosphoprotein of SARS CoV-2: Potential Implications in Host-Pathogen Interactions
    • date: 2020-06-24
    • words: 586
    • flesch: 21
    • summary: It is hypothesized that having protein interaction motifs that are homologous to these S. aureus proteins, the N-protein of this virus can mimic their functions, which may in turn play a crucial role in formation of blood clots in the host and help the virus evade host immune response. key: cord-314679-lmfalzni authors: Sangith, Nikhil; Diagnotek, Xact title: Unique Fibrinogen-binding motifs in the Nucleocapsid Phosphoprotein of SARS CoV-2: Potential Implications in Host-Pathogen Interactions date: 2020-06-24 journal:
    • keywords: aureus; binding; coagulation; fibrinogen; functions; host; immune; protein; response; role; sars; staphylococcus; virus
    • versions: original; plain text
62. cord-315576-bgcqkz0p
    • author: Yamamoto, Naoki
    • title: Apparent difference in fatalities between Central Europe and East Asia due to SARS-COV-2 and COVID-19: Four hypotheses for possible explanation
    • date: 2020-08-05
    • words: 6125
    • flesch: 47
    • summary: Although the weight of this habit in preventing virus infection is not clear at this moment, this difference indicates that Asians very clearly distinguish between outdoor and indoor in daily life. However, 21 our hypothesis suffers from the lack of analogous data available in other viral infections.
    • keywords: ace1; ace2; analysis; angiotensin; antibodies; antibody; asia; asians; cases; cell; central; china; clinical; coronavirus; countries; cov-2; covid-19; data; deaths; difference; disease; east; east asia; effects; essential; europe; european; evolution; gene; genetic; genotype; germany; high; higher; hla; human; hypotheses; impact; important; infected; infection; influenza; italy; lower; medical; mortality; multiple; new; number; pandemic; pathogenicity; patients; people; population; possible; rate; relationship; resistance; risk; sars; social; south; specific; spread; states; strains; strong; susceptibility; symptoms; type; vaccination; viral; virulent; virus; viruses; western; world
    • versions: original; plain text
63. cord-317238-uszhwugw
    • author: Parodi, Aurora
    • title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) and Malaria. Have anti glycoprotein antibodies a role?
    • date: 2020-06-25
    • words: 869
    • flesch: 48
    • summary: So we think that are not underestimation of the number of asymptomatic people of black people affected by COVID-19. In the northern Italian regions the presence of African people, usually employed in iron-steel factories and agricultural works, is high.
    • keywords: african; antibodies; black; blood; coronavirus; covid-19; data; disease; gpi; gps; infection; italian; low; malaria; people; plasmodium; role; severe
    • versions: original; plain text
64. cord-318114-q29zax2j
    • author: Bara, Gregor A.
    • title: Can neuromodulation support the fight against the COVID19 pandemic? Transcutaneous non-invasive vagal nerve stimulation as a potential targeted treatment of fulminant acute respiratory distress syndrome
    • date: 2020-07-18
    • words: 562
    • flesch: 43
    • summary: As the nervous system has shown to be a strong modulator of respiratory function and the immune response, we want to highlight pathways involved in regulation of respiratory function, the neuro-immune axis as well as the rationale for a potential targeted treatment of fulminant acute respiratory distress syndrome via transcutaneous non-invasive vagal nerve stimulation in critically-ill COVID-19 patients. Transcutaneous non-invasive vagal nerve stimulation as a potential targeted treatment of fulminant acute respiratory distress syndrome
    • keywords: fight; invasive; nerve; non; pandemic; potential; respiratory; stimulation; targeted; treatment
    • versions: original; plain text
65. cord-319822-h1zm94p4
    • author: Carelli, Pasquale
    • title: A physicist's approach to COVID-19 transmission via expiratory droplets
    • date: 2020-06-17
    • words: 1414
    • flesch: 54
    • summary: Droplets and Droplet nuclei How far droplets can move in indoor environments--revisiting the Wells evaporation-falling curve Zdenek Jezek, and others, Smallpox and its eradication A cough aerosol simulator for the study of disease transmission by human cough-generated aerosols Violent expiratory events: on coughing and sneezing Kin-Hang Kokn and others, A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster Xingwang Li and others, A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China Guangfu Jin, and others, Clinical characteristics of 24 asymptomatic infections with COVID-19 screened among close contacts in Nanjing, China Gisela Bretzel and others, Transmission of 2019-nCoV infection from an asymptomatic contact in Germany The size and the duration of air-carriage of respiratory droplets and droplets-nuclei The size distribution of droplets in the exhaled breath of healthy human subjects Holbrook and others, Aerosol and surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 as compared with SARS-CoV-1 On air-borne infection: Study II.
    • keywords: aerosol; air; countries; covid-19; date; droplets; expiratory; ffp3; infected; initial; large; load; masks; particles; people; physicist; radius; smaller; surgical; transmission; viral; virus
    • versions: original; plain text
66. cord-320508-egw7bvzf
    • author: Kennedy, James R.
    • title: Phosphatidylserine’s role in Ebola’s inflammatory cytokine storm and hemorrhagic consumptive coagulopathy and the therapeutic potential of annexin V
    • date: 2019-10-28
    • words: 2480
    • flesch: 37
    • summary: In Ebola PS is not only exposed by inflammatory cell damage it is also on every virus. These are physiologic responses to PS but the Ebola virus displays PS molecules on its membrane’s surface and the huge numbers of viruses cause a pathologic inflammatory cytokine storm and a hemorrhagic consumptive coagulopathy.
    • keywords: activated; annexin; blood; cascade; cells; coagulation; coagulopathy; consumptive; cytokine; ebola; factor; generation; hemorrhagic; immune; inflammation; inflammatory; innate; membrane; molecules; phosphatidylserine; possible; present; secretion; storm; surface; th1; thrombin
    • versions: original; plain text
67. cord-320959-sgdqhtns
    • author: Lee, Hanjun
    • title: Vitamin E Acetate as Linactant in the Pathophysiology of EVALI
    • date: 2020-08-12
    • words: 6726
    • flesch: 25
    • summary: Update: Characteristics of a Nationwide Outbreak of E-cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use-Associated Lung Injury -United States Pulmonary Illness Related to E-Cigarette Use in Illinois and Wisconsin -Final Report Update: Interim Guidance for Health Care Providers Evaluating and Caring for Patients with Suspected E-cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use Associated Lung Injury -United States Imaging of vaping-associated lung disease Syndromic surveillance for e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury Tolerance to hypothermic and antinoceptive effects of ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) vapor inhalation in rats Lasting effects of repeated ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol vapour inhalation during adolescence in male and female rats tree-in-bloom: Severe acute lung injury induced by vaping cannabis oil Pathology of vaping-associated lung injury More on the Pathology of Vaping-Associated Lung Injury Pulmonary lipid-laden macrophages and 5 vaping Vitamin E acetate in bronchoalveolarlavage fluid associated with EVALI A history of vitamin e Vitamin E, antioxidant and nothing more Affinity for α-tocopherol transfer protein as a determinant of the biological activities of vitamin E analogs The molecular basis of vitamin E retention: Structure of human α-tocopherol transfer protein α-Tocopherol transfer protein stimulates the secretion of α-tocopherol from a cultured liver cell line through a brefeldin A-insensitive pathway α-Tocopherol transfer protein mediates 20 protective hypercapnia in murine ventilator-induced lung injury Safety assessment of the substance α-tocopherol acetate for use in food contact materials All-rac-α-Tocopherol Acetate Is a Better Vitamin E Source than all-rac-α-Tocopherol Succinate for Broilers The distribution and relative hydrolysis of tocopheryl acetate in the different matrices coexisting in the lumen of the 5 small intestine during digestion could explain its low bioavailability Supercritical fluid-aerosolized vitamin E pretreatment decreases leak in isolated oxidant-perfused rat lungs Aerosol-administered α-tocopherol attenuates lung inflammation in rats given lipopolysaccharide intratracheally Hydrolysis of RRR-αtocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate) in the skin and its UV protecting activity (an in vivo 15 study with the rat) Characterization of antioxidant activities of pulmonary surfactant mixtures Type II pneumocytes secrete vitamin E 20 together with surfactant lipids Oxidative stress and antioxidants at biosurfaces: plants, skin, and respiratory tract surfaces Vitamin E: Non-antioxidant roles The rise, the fall and the renaissance of Vitamin E Vitamin E: Emerging aspects and new directions Potential for release of pulmonary toxic ketene from vaping pyrolysis of Vitamin E acetate Hydrogen Bonding between Tetrahydrocannabinol and Vitamin E Acetate in Unvaped, Aerosolized, and Condensed 10 Aerosol e-Liquids Interaction of vitamin E with saturated phospholipid bilayers Modulated phases of phospholipid bilayers induced by tocopherols Targeting cholesterol homeostasis in lung diseases A Unique Case of Secondary Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis Following E-Cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI) Studies on lecithin-cholesterol-water interactions by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction Calorimetric evidence for the liquid-crystalline state of lipids in a biomembrane Lipid droplet functions beyond energy storage Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease impairs the cytochrome P-450-dependent metabolism of α-tocopherol (vitamin E) Vaping-Associated Acute 10 Respiratory Failure Due to Acute Lipoid Pneumonia However, Vitamin E acetate, given the additional ester moiety, is deprived of the antioxidative property and is markedly more thermostable.
    • keywords: acetate; activation; active; activity; acute; antioxidant; antioxidative; area; bilayers; biological; boundaries; cell; cholesterol; cigarette; colleagues; consequence; crystalline; crystalline phase; cycling; cytochrome; dependent; derivative; dimensional; disease; distress; drug; e acetate; effect; evali; extensive; force; free; gel; human; hydrolysis; hypothesis; increase; induced; inhalation; injury; intraalveolar; kinase; laden; lateral; level; linactant; lipid; liquid; lung; macrophages; membrane; model; murine; non; observed; p450; pathogenesis; pathophysiology; patients; phase; phospholipid; pkcα; potent; pregnane; product; properties; property; protein; pulmonary; pulmonary surfactants; pxr; receptor; respiratory; role; separation; signaling; surface; surfactants; system; tension; thc; tocopherol; transition; use; vaping; viscosity; vitamin; vitamin e
    • versions: original; plain text
68. cord-322880-zfc9w5y6
    • author: Rohit, Anusha
    • title: Respiratory droplets get suspended longer and spread wider in temperate environments compared to tropics and implications for SARS-CoV-2 transmission
    • date: 2020-06-09
    • words: 1853
    • flesch: 51
    • summary: Owing to their size, larger particles settle down at a much faster speed than smaller particles. Thus smaller particles will stay airborne for a longer time, while larger particles will settle down on surfaces more quickly.
    • keywords: airborne; cases; conditions; countries; cov-2; deaths; density; differences; droplets; environments; humidity; number; particle; relative; respiratory; sars; size; smaller; spread; temperature; transmission; virus
    • versions: original; plain text
69. cord-323310-tq9muytr
    • author: Ozdemir, Burak
    • title: Could the decrease in the endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production and NO bioavailability be the crucial cause of COVID-19 related deaths?
    • date: 2020-06-07
    • words: 1137
    • flesch: 29
    • summary: A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis Acute ingestion of beetroot juice increases exhaled nitric oxide in healthy individuals Dietary nitrate supplementation increases functional exhaled nitric oxide: implications for the assessment of airway health in athletes Nitric oxide metabolites and cardiovascular disease, markers, mediators, or both Dual effect of nitric oxide on S5RS-CoV: Viral RNA production and palmitation of the S protein are affected Aging is associated with endothelial dysfunction in healthy men years before the age-related decline in women Figure 1: Hypothetical representation of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production based on sex Table 1 Case fatality rate in Covid-19 in China according The novel coronavirus 2019(2019-nCoV) uses the SARS-coronavirus receptor ACE2 and the cellular protease TMPRS S2 for entry into target cells Genetic deletion of ACE2 induces vascular dysfunction in C57BL/6 mice: role of nitric oxide imbalance and oxidative stress The role of nitric oxide and its clinical applications Nitric oxide and oxidative stress in vascular disease Endothelial dysfunction and inflammation: immunity in rheumatoid arthritis Aging progressively impairs endotheliumdependent vasodilatation in forearm resistance vessels of humans Effects of age on endothelium-dependent vasodilatation of resistance coronary artery by acetylcholine in humans Age related reduction of NO availability and oxidative stress in humans Nitric oxide and geriatrics: implications in diagnostics and treatment of the elderly Estrogen Induces Nitric Oxide Production via Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation in Endothelial Cells Sex influences immune responses to viruses, and efficacy of prophylaxis and therapeutic treatments for viral diseases Targeting nitric oxide with naturally derived compounds as a therapeutic strategy in vascular diseases NO generation from nitrite and its role in vascular control Acute supplementation with nitrate rich beetroot juice causes a greater increase in plasma nitrite and reduction in blood pressure of older compared to younger adults Acute effects of nitrate rich beetroot juice on blood pressure, hemostasis and vascular inflammation markers in healthy older adults: a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study Therapeutic value of stimulating the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway to attenuate oxidative stress and restore nitric oxide bioavailability in cardiorenal disease Dietary inorganic nitrate: From villain to hero in metabolic disease Tissue distribution of ACE 2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus.
    • keywords: age; aging; bioavailability; cardiovascular; cells; covid-19; disease; dysfunction; effect; endothelial; healthy; higher; increase; metabolic; mortality; nitrate; nitric; older; oxidative; oxide; production; receptor; sars; stress; studies; therapeutic; vascular; viral
    • versions: original; plain text
70. cord-323749-lvtfv7ny
    • author: Sai Suresh Chalichem, Nehru
    • title: Aminoglycosides can be a better choice over Macrolides in COVID-19 regimen: Plausible Mechanism for repurposing strategy
    • date: 2020-06-10
    • words: 939
    • flesch: 35
    • summary: None to declare Andrographolide prevents EV-D68 replication by inhibiting the acidification of virus-containing endocytic vesicles Dehydroandrographolide enhances innate immunity of intestinal tract through up-regulation the expression of hBD-2 Defensins and cathelicidins in lung immunity Airway epithelial versus immune cell Stat1 function for innate defense against respiratory viral infection Plant defensins Human defensins Defensins: natural component of human innate immunity The chemistry and biology of theta defensins Humanized θ-defensins (retrocyclins) enhance Hapivirins and diprovirins: novel θ-defensin analogs with potent activity against influenza A virus βdefensin inhibits influenza virus replication by cell-mediated mechanism (s) Human neutrophil defensins increase neutrophil uptake of influenza A virus and bacteria and modify virus-induced respiratory burst responses Selsted ME. However, aminoglycosides (AGs) were proved to produce functional peptides from theta defensins (called as retrocyclins) that are active against HIV 10 .
    • keywords: ags; aminoglycosides; covid-19; current; defensins; etc; immune; immunity; infection; influenza; innate; macrolides; pandemic; proved; regimen; respiratory; situation; strategy; theta; virus
    • versions: original; plain text
71. cord-324949-sqy03dks
    • author: Poe, Francis L.
    • title: N-Acetylcysteine: a potential therapeutic agent for SARS-CoV-2
    • date: 2020-05-30
    • words: 3488
    • flesch: 44
    • summary: In patients with HIV, oral NAC increased both whole blood glutathione levels and lymphocyte count (CD4+ and CD8+) In a randomized clinical trial, oral NAC demonstrated decreases in TNF-ɑ and no adverse reactions at 1200 mg daily, however there were no changes in computed tomography scores between those treated with NAC and the control group
    • keywords: ace2; acetylcysteine; acute; angiotensin; ards; cases; cd8; cell; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cytokines; death; diabetes; disease; elderly; exhaustion; glutathione; human; il1β; increase; induced; inflammasome; inflammatory; injury; levels; lung; nac; nlrp3; older; oxidative; pathway; patients; potential; reactions; receptor; redox; respiratory; response; sars; severe; similar; status; stress; syndrome; synthesis; tnf; treatment; trials; use; viral; vitro
    • versions: original; plain text
72. cord-326849-vqpwdlj7
    • author: Rao US, Vishal
    • title: Mesenchymal Stem Cells -Bridge Catalyst Between Innte And Adaptive Immunity In Covid 19
    • date: 2020-05-18
    • words: 1829
    • flesch: 42
    • summary: Mesenchymal stem cells are known to suppress overactive immune responses as well as bring about tissue regeneration and repair. Mesenchymal stem cells are known to suppress overactive immune responses as well as bring about tissue regeneration and repair.
    • keywords: adaptive; cd8; cells; clinical; covid; covid-19; cytokine; disease; distress; dysfunctional; immune; immunity; infected; inflammatory; lung; mesenchymal; mild; mscs; non; patients; progress; respiratory; responses; severe; stages; stem; symptoms; system; virus
    • versions: original; plain text
73. cord-327809-9uhhqasl
    • author: Dimitriu, Mihai C.T.
    • title: Burnout syndrome in Romanian medical residents in time of the COVID-19 pandemic
    • date: 2020-06-07
    • words: 3109
    • flesch: 43
    • summary: Recent Developments in Theory and Research Maslach Burnout Inventory Manual Stress in Health Professionals: Psychological and Organizational Causes and Interventions Evaluating Stress: A Book of Resources Burnout comparison among residents in different medical specialties General psychiatry in no-man's land Hidden ethical dilemmas in psychiatric residency training: the psychiatry resident as a dual agent Observations on burnout in family medicine and psychiatry residents Burnout among Dutch medical residents Burnout and internal medicine resident work-hour restrictions Rates of medication errors among depressed and burnt out residents: prospective cohort study Continuous monitoring and detection of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) triggers among veterans: a supervised machine learning approach Burned out An exploratory study of resident burnout and wellness Mentoring matters: mentoring and career preparation in internal medicine residency training Burnout and medical errors among American surgeons Surgical malpractice in relation to long calls Burnout: The Cost of Caring The mother of all pandemics Is 100 years old (and going strong)! In this pandemics, there is a need for practical methods to assess medical stuff burnout.
    • keywords: accomplishment; activity; burnout; care; context; coronavirus; covid-19; department; depersonalization; different; doctors; emergency; emotional; equipment; errors; exhaustion; factors; fatigue; health; higher; hospital; individual; intensive; level; line; medical; mental; negative; non; normal; pandemic; patient; personal; physical; prevalence; radiology; residency; residents; significant; specialties; staff; stress; study; syndrome; time; training; unit; wards; wearing; work
    • versions: original; plain text
74. cord-328587-vctvcyim
    • author: Jun, Sun
    • title: The hypothesis that SARS-CoV-2 affects male reproductive ability by regulating autophagy
    • date: 2020-07-10
    • words: 2999
    • flesch: 39
    • summary: This hypothesis may provide a new idea for future treatment of COVID-19 male patients with reproductive function injury, and it can also prompt medical staff and patients to consciously check their reproductive function. This hypothesis may provide a new idea for future treatment of COVID-19 male patients with reproductive function injury, and it can also prompt medical staff and patients to consciously check their reproductive function.
    • keywords: ability; ace2; acute; addition; autophagy; cells; clinical; complications; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; damage; data; diseases; fertility; function; host; hypothesis; infection; injury; liver; male; mers; novel; patients; protein; recent; receptor; renal; reproductive; respiratory; sars; severe; studies; syndrome; system; treatment
    • versions: original; plain text
75. cord-331140-5b0y1xzb
    • author: Cardona Maya, Walter D.
    • title: SARS-CoV-2 and Prostatitis: dangerous relationship for male sexual and reproductive health
    • date: 2020-06-01
    • words: 326
    • flesch: 38
    • summary: Male infertility: a public health issue caused by sexually transmitted pathogens Orchitis: a complication of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) Clinical Characteristics and Results of Semen Tests Among Men With Coronavirus Disease SARS-CoV-2 and the Testis: similarity to other viruses and routes of infection Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin Epidemiology of prostatitis in Finnish men: a population-based cross-sectional study The role of chronic prostatic inflammation in the pathogenesis and progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
    • keywords: coronavirus; enzyme; functional; male; prostatitis; receptor; sars; semen
    • versions: original; plain text
76. cord-331428-6pvr2vew
    • author: Heffernan, Kevin S.
    • title: Exercise as medicine for COVID-19: on PPAR with emerging pharmacotherapy
    • date: 2020-08-17
    • words: 1837
    • flesch: 11
    • summary: Expression of peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) in primary cultures of human vascular endothelial cells Fatty acid carbon is essential for dNTP synthesis in endothelial cells A Protective Effect of PPARα in Endothelial Progenitor Cells Through Regulating Metabolism PPARalpha and GR differentially down-regulate the expression of nuclear factor-kappaB-responsive genes in vascular endothelial cells NAD(P)H oxidase/nitric oxide interactions in peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)alpha-mediated cardiovascular effects Fenofibrate suppresses microvascular inflammation and apoptosis through adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation Fenofibrate activates AMPK and increases eNOS phosphorylation in HUVEC The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α agonist fenofibrate decreases airway reactivity to methacholine and increases endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation in mouse lung PPARalpha activators upregulate eNOS activity and inhibit cytokine-induced NF-kappaB activation through AMP-activated protein kinase activation Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α Agonists Increase Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in Vascular Endothelial Cells PPAR-α Agonist Fenofibrate Upregulates Tetrahydrobiopterin Level through Increasing the Expression of Guanosine 5'-Triphosphate Cyclohydrolase-I in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Effect of fenofibrate on serum nitric oxide levels in patients with hypertriglyceridemia, Advances in clinical and experimental medicine : official organ Fenofibrate improves vascular endothelial function by reducing oxidative stress while increasing endothelial nitric oxide synthase in healthy normolipidemic older adults Fibrate therapy and flow-mediated dilation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebocontrolled trials Strong Relationship Between Vascular Function in the Coronary and Brachial Arteries Peripheral Vascular Endothelial Function And The Pulmonary Blood Pressure Response To Exercise In Pulmonary Hypertension Coronary flow velocity reserve is improved by PPAR-α agonist fenofibrate in patients with hypertriglyceridemia Fenofibrate improves cerebral blood flow after middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice PPARα activation improves endothelial dysfunction and reduces fibrosis and portal pressure in cirrhotic rats Effects of the PPAR-α agonist fenofibrate on acute and short-term consequences of brain ischemia Effect of endurance training on lipid metabolism in women: a potential role for PPARalpha in the metabolic response to training Transcriptional adaptations of lipid metabolism in tibialis anterior muscle of endurance-trained athletes Vascular effects of exercise: endothelial adaptations beyond active muscle beds Exercise modalities and endothelial function: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, Sports medicine The antiinflammatory effects of exercise: mechanisms and implications for the prevention and treatment of disease Physical exercise as a tool to help the immune system against COVID-19: an integrative review of the current literature Prevention of age-related endothelial dysfunction by habitual aerobic exercise in healthy humans: possible role of nuclear factor κB Adolph Distinguished Lecture: The remarkable anti-aging effects of aerobic exercise on systemic arteries Effects of exercise training on endothelial progenitor cells in cardiovascular disease: a systematic review PPARδ Is Required for Exercise to Attenuate Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetic Mice Fatty acid homeostasis and induction of lipid regulatory genes in skeletal muscles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha knock-out mice. This paper will explore the hypothesis that exercise may be a useful adjuvant in a setting of COVID-19 management/rehabilitation due to its effects on PPARα and vascular endothelial function.
    • keywords: acid; acute; agonist; alpha; cells; coronavirus; covid-19; disease; dysfunction; effects; endothelial; epithelial; exercise; fenofibrate; function; inflammation; lipid; lung; metabolic; muscle; nitric; oxide; peroxisome; ppar; proliferator; protein; pulmonary; receptor; respiratory; response; review; role; sars; skeletal; spike; syndrome; vascular
    • versions: original; plain text
77. cord-332365-20u06444
    • author: Raciti, Loredana
    • title: Can volcanic trace elements facilitate Covid-19 diffusion? A hypothesis stemming from the Mount Etna area, Sicily
    • date: 2020-06-27
    • words: 3656
    • flesch: 39
    • summary: Based on the Frontera hypothesis, heavy metal air pollutants combined to climatic conditions prolonged the permanence of the virus in the air, as well as the susceptibility to pulmonary virus infection. Then, volcanoes gases and heavy metals could contribute to air pollution of the China.
    • keywords: active; aerosols; air; areas; ash; atmospheric; catania; china; climatic; concentration; covid-19; cryptococcus; diameter; diseases; distribution; earth; eastern; elements; emissions; environmental; eruption; etna; exposure; faults; flank; gases; gattii; health; heavy; high; human; hypothesis; industrial; infection; italy; lung; metals; mount; natural; neoformans; origin; particles; pollution; potential; pulmonary; radon; rare; region; respiratory; risk; role; severe; sicily; soil; southern; species; spread; tes; trace; viral; volcanic; volcano; volcanoes; water
    • versions: original; plain text
78. cord-334543-gavnscor
    • author: Lim, Rachel K.
    • title: Are night shift workers at an increased risk for COVID-19?
    • date: 2020-07-29
    • words: 895
    • flesch: 31
    • summary: key: cord-334543-gavnscor authors: Lim, Rachel K.; Wambier, Carlos G.; Goren, Andy title: Are night shift workers at an increased risk for COVID-19? date: 2020-07-29 journal: The mechanisms that drive these associations are not well understood; however, current literature suggests that the disruption of circadian rhythms may cause downstream hormonal and immune effects that render night shift workers more susceptible to disease.
    • keywords: circadian; clock; coronavirus; covid-19; effects; health; immune; infection; influenza; night; rhythms; risk; shift; viral; work; workers
    • versions: original; plain text
79. cord-334709-z70oevy2
    • author: Niv, Yaron
    • title: Defensin 5 for prevention of SARS-CoV-2 invasion and Covid-19 Disease
    • date: 2020-09-04
    • words: 1374
    • flesch: 44
    • summary: The issues to be investigated are the affinity of HDEF5 to S1 protein, the ability of recombinant HDEF5 function in attaching both ACE2 and S1, and the feasibility to perform aerosol spray of this protein. The issues to be investigated are the affinity of HDEF5 to S1 protein, the ability of recombinant HDEF5 function in attaching both ACE2 and S1, and the feasibility to perform aerosol spray of this protein.
    • keywords: ace2; aerosol; affinity; cells; corona; cov-2; covid-19; defensin; disease; efficiency; hdef5; influenza; invasion; ligand; membrane; protein; receptor; recombinant; respiratory; sars; spray; virus
    • versions: original; plain text
80. cord-337493-8yhd697t
    • author: Choquenaira-Quispe, Celia
    • title: Factors involved in low susceptibility to covid-19: an adaptation of high altitude inhabitants
    • date: 2020-07-02
    • words: 312
    • flesch: 31
    • summary: Consequently, SARS-CoV-2 infected populations from high altitude areas have greater lung adaptive capacity than those that live at low altitude. key: cord-337493-8yhd697t authors: Choquenaira-Quispe, Celia; Saldaña-Bobadilla, Vanessa; Kenedy Ramirez, J. title: Factors involved in low susceptibility to covid-19: an adaptation of high altitude inhabitants date: 2020-07-02 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110068 sha: doc_id: 337493 cord_uid: 8yhd697t nan Master of Science  Hypoxia inducible factor regulation: High altitude inhabitants have the hypoxia-inducible factor activated, leading to a subsequent gene overexpression on erythropoietin-erythropoiesis production [6] .
    • keywords: adaptation; altitude; areas; authors; covid-19; high; hypoxia; inhabitants
    • versions: original; plain text
81. cord-337627-1a2gpqdl
    • author: Alvarado-Vasquez, Noé
    • title: Could a family history of type 2 diabetes be a risk factor to the endothelial damage in the patient with COVID-19?
    • date: 2020-11-06
    • words: 2326
    • flesch: 38
    • summary: These negative effects can be associated too with an impaired expression of molecules involved in the inflammatory response and with both glucose metabolism and NO synthesis, as has been reported in the subjects with FH-DM2; paralleling the recent findings in COVID-19 patients, in whom a total of 70 inflammation-related genes that influence cell metabolism has been reported [11, 29, 30, 31, 35] . Currently, it is known that endothelial cell dysfunction is a critical event in the infection by this virus.
    • keywords: associated; cardiovascular; cells; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; damage; diabetes; disease; dm2; dysfunction; early; endothelial; expression; family; glucose; healthy; history; impaired; infection; insulin; mellitus; metabolism; patients; presence; risk; sars; subjects; synthesis; type
    • versions: original; plain text
82. cord-338585-ep9r1n8t
    • author: Perrin, David M.
    • title: A hypothesis for examining dihydroxyacetone, the active component in self-tanning products, as a topical prophylactic against SARS-COV-2 transmission
    • date: 2020-09-16
    • words: 1805
    • flesch: 29
    • summary: Finally, independent support for DHA application is found in an isolated report that describes the antifungal activity of DHA to treat dermatomycosis(18) further highlighting potential biocidal activity. DHA reacts chemically with proteins to form glycation products and thus would be expected to react analogously with viral components such that it might provide prophylactic action against anti-SARS-CoV-2.
    • keywords: application; chemical; cov-2; dha; dihydroxyacetone; dna; evidence; face; facial; formation; glycation; hands; human; hypothesis; key; lysine; maillard; products; prophylactic; protein; reaction; safe; sars; self; skin; studies; sugars; sunless; tanning; topical; transmission; viral; virus
    • versions: original; plain text
83. cord-344170-qrupbtem
    • author: Biswas, Subrata K
    • title: Genetic variation in SARS-CoV-2 may explain variable severity of COVID-19
    • date: 2020-05-24
    • words: 911
    • flesch: 49
    • summary: Whole genome and phylogenetic analysis of two SARS-CoV-2 strains isolated in Italy in Genomic characterization of a novel SARS-CoV-2 Genetic diversity and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Emerging SARS-CoV-2 mutation hot spots include a novel RNA-dependent-RNA polymerase variant key: cord-344170-qrupbtem authors: Biswas, Subrata K; Mudi, Sonchita R title: Genetic variation in SARS-CoV-2 may explain variable severity of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-24 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109877 sha: doc_id: 344170 cord_uid: qrupbtem nan To the Editor: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highly contagious and is rapidly spreading all over the world.
    • keywords: cov-2; covid-19; genetic; genome; genomic; mutation; patients; sars; sequence; severity; variants; variation; viral
    • versions: original; plain text
84. cord-346281-sma6e891
    • author: Maldonado, Valente
    • title: Repositioning of pentoxifylline as an immunomodulator and regulator of the renin-angiotensin system in the treatment of COVID-19
    • date: 2020-06-09
    • words: 5721
    • flesch: 27
    • summary: At the same time, Ang II is considered to function as a growth factor that regulates cell proliferation/apoptosis and fibrosis, as well as a mediator that attracts inflammatory cells to sites of tissue injury [19] . By contrast, Tregs attenuate the activation, proliferation, and effector functions of a wide range of immune cells for the maintenance of auto-tolerance and immune homeostasis
    • keywords: ace2; activation; acute; alveolar; angiotensin; anti; ards; associated; at1r; blood; camp; cd4; cd8; cells; china; clinical; converting; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cytokines; damage; disease; distress; drug; dysregulation; effects; endothelial; enzyme; essential; evidence; experimental; expression; factor; failure; fibrosis; function; high; human; ifn; il-1; il-6; immune; increases; infected; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; inhibition; injury; levels; lung; macrophages; mice; microvascular; pathway; patients; pentoxifylline; production; proliferation; protein; ptx; pulmonary; randomized; ras; receptor; renin; respiratory; response; role; sars; severe; signalling; study; syndrome; system; t cells; th17; therapeutic; tissue; tnf; treatment; treg; type; viral
    • versions: original; plain text
85. cord-349718-x5i460bc
    • author: Chandrasekaran, Baskaran
    • title: Dr. Chandrasekaran’s reply to “Exercising and face masks: an important hypothesis buried in a selective review”
    • date: 2020-09-23
    • words: 1272
    • flesch: 36
    • summary: The systematic review by Bahl et al. 2020 investigated droplet transmission during social distancing, but they have not investigated the effect of face masks We commend the authors for proposing a study that could objectively measure the effects of face masks on strenuous exercise.
    • keywords: article; authors; chandrasekaran; exercise; facemasks; health; hypothesis; important; masks; mechanisms; moderate; physiological; public; reply; review; selective; strenuous; systematic; tight; use; work
    • versions: original; plain text
86. cord-352911-9wbq9qo2
    • author: de Oliveira, Pedro Gonçalves
    • title: Diacerein: a potential multi-target therapeutic drug for COVID-19
    • date: 2020-06-01
    • words: 2551
    • flesch: 36
    • summary: After 48 hours, cell cultures will be treated with rhein at different concentrations (1 M to 400 M) for 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. Rapid reporting and dissemination of results and its consequences regarding the use of hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as available weapons to fight COVID-19 The cytokine storm of severe influenza and development of immunomodulatory therapy Rhein, an anthraquinone drug, suppresses the NLRP3 inflammasome and macrophage activation in urate crystal-induced gouty inflammation Rhein attenuates inflammation through inhibition of NF-κB and NALP3 inflammasome in vivo and in vitro Rhein protects against barrier disruption and inhibits inflammation in intestinal epithelial cells Rhein suppresses lung inflammatory injury induced by human respiratory syncytial virus through inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation via NF-κB pathway in mice Response of young, aged and osteoarthritic human articular chondrocytes to inflammatory cytokines: molecular and cellular aspects Rhein inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal injury during sepsis by blocking the toll-like receptor 4 nuclear factor-κB pathway Efficacy and safety of diacerein and diclofenac in knee osteoarthritis in Indian patients -a prospective randomized open label study Rhein prevents endotoxin-induced acute kidney injury by inhibiting NF-κB activities Anti-inflammatory effects of rhein and crude extracts from Cassia alata L. in HaCaT cells Diacerhein downregulate proinflammatory cytokines expression and decrease the autoimmune diabetes frequency in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice Chrysophanol, an anthraquinone from AST2017-01, possesses the anti-proliferative effect through increasing p53 protein levels in human mast cells Identification of natural compounds with anti-hepatitis B virus activity from
    • keywords: ace2; action; activation; acute; addition; anthraquinone; anti; assay; cell; conditions; converting; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cultures; cytokine; dar; diacerein; different; disease; drug; effect; enzyme; human; il-1; il-6; infected; infection; inflammasome; inflammatory; inhibition; lung; multi; osteoarthritis; pathways; patients; potential; protein; receptor; respiratory; rhein; sars; severe; syndrome; therapeutic; tnf; treatment; viral
    • versions: original; plain text
87. cord-353716-gxgvhhv1
    • author: Kumar, Ashutosh
    • title: SARS-CoV-2 cell entry receptor ACE2 mediated endothelial dysfunction leads to vascular thrombosis in COVID-19 patients
    • date: 2020-09-30
    • words: 2301
    • flesch: 29
    • summary: Other than SARS-CoV-2 induced vascular endothelial dysfunction ACE2 mediated injury of liver tissue can also contribute to vascular thrombosis. Viral inclusion structures, an accumulation of inflammatory cells associated with endothelium, as well as apoptotic bodies were evidenced in vascular endothelial cells of multiple organs in 6 autopsied patients (28) , indicating for the widespread endothelial dysfunction as the etiology for the vascular thrombosis in COVID-19 (29) .
    • keywords: ace2; acute; angiotensin; associated; binding; cell; clinical; converting; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; dysfunction; endothelial; entry; enzyme; evidence; expression; high; human; inflammatory; injury; liver; pathogenesis; patients; presence; protein; receptor; respiratory; sars; severe; specific; studies; syndrome; thrombosis; tissue; tmprss2; vascular; vessels; virus
    • versions: original; plain text