item: #1 of 47
          id: nzjfs-100
      author: Amaral, Evelize A.; dos Santos, Luana M.; Hein, Paulo R.G. ; Costa, Emylle V.S.; Rosado, Sebastião Carlos S.; Trugilho, Paulo F.
       title: Evaluating basic density calibrations based on NIR spectra recorded on the three wood faces and subject to different mathematical treatments
        date: 2021-02-17
       words: 4212
      flesch: 48
     summary: Multivariate regression models developed from NIR spectra have been successfully used to estimate wood density across a range of species (Schimleck et al. 1999; Gindl et al. 2001; Schimleck et al. 2005; Jiang et al. 2006; Jones et al. 2006; Mora et al. 2008; Costa et al. (2018) investigated parameter settings of the NIR spectrometer and which wood surface is most suitable for measuring spectra and generating models to estimate wood density in Eucalyptus.
    keywords: amaral; analysis; basic; calibration; cm-1; cross; data; density; determination; different; et al; eucalyptus; forestry; hein; infrared; journal; mathematical; methods; models; multivariate; near; new; nir; nir spectra; original; performance; pls; predictive; properties; radial; rmsecv; rpd; r²cv; samples; schimleck; science; specimens; spectra; spectroscopy; standard; statistics; study; surface; table; tangential; transverse; treatments; trees; untreated; validation; wood; wood density; zealand
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        item: #2 of 47
          id: nzjfs-103
      author: Majid, Hafiz; Silva, Filipa V. M.
       title: Optimisation of ultrasound assisted extraction of antiacetylcholinesterase and antioxidant compounds from manuka (Leptospermum scoparium) for use as a phytomedicine against Alzheimer’s disease
        date: 2020-11-25
       words: 8105
      flesch: 46
     summary: In the second stage of experiments, further optimisation of extraction conditions (Section Experimental design and response surface methodology) was carried out through response surface methodology (RSM) using a Box-Behnken experimental design to investigate the simultaneous effect of extraction temperature (40–60°C), extraction time (1–20 min) and ethanol concentration (30–70%) on plant extraction yield (%), plant extract AChE inhibition (%) and antioxidant activity assessed by DPPH radical scavenging activity (%). The quadratic models generated could predict accurately the effect of manuka leaf extraction on AChE inhibition, RSA and yield of extraction.
    keywords: acetylcholinesterase; ache; ache inhibition; acoustic; activity; alzheimer; amplitude; analysis; antioxidant; assisted; compounds; concentration; conditions; crude; density; design; determined; different; disease; dpph; dpph rsa; effect; enzyme; ethanol; ethanol concentration; experimental; extraction; extraction temperature; extraction time; extraction yield; extracts; figure; food; forestry; higher; https://doi; ic50; increase; inhibition; journal; leaf; leaves; leptospermum; majid; manuka; manuka extracts; maximum; medicinal; methodology; min; models; new; new zealand; optimization; optimum; org/10.1016; page; parameters; plant; power; predicted; radical; response; results; rsa; rsm; scavenging; science; scoparium; set; silva; solution; solvent; standard; study; surface; table; temperature; time; ultrasound; use; values; variables; water; yield; zealand; ° c
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        item: #3 of 47
          id: nzjfs-116
      author: Nieri, Érick Martins; Porto, Antônio Carlos; Soares de Almeida, Rodolfo; Amaral de Melo, Lucas;  Resende, Eduardo Willian; Neves, Generci Assis; dos Santos, Luana Maria; Tannure Faria, Júlio Cézar
       title: Selection of Pinus spp. progenies in Lavras (Minas Gerais, Brazil) at 36 months of age
        date: 2022-02-25
       words: 5577
      flesch: 56
     summary: Genetic breeding is a key tool that enables gains in productivity because the selection of superior genotypes involves the assessment of traits of interest by estimating parameters, correlations and genetic gains that allow the selection of superior individuals between and within Pinus progenies (Manfio et al. 2012). The progeny of Pinus caribaea var.
    keywords: accuracy; adaptability; age; bahamensis; brazil; breeding; caribaea; caribaea var; coefficient; correlation; cpa; dbh; de pinus; direct; effects; environmental; equation; et al; forestalis; forestry; gains; genetic; genotypes; greater; height; heritability; high; higher; hondurensis; indirect; individual; journal; lavras; massoniana; mean; months; new; nieri; page; parameters; performance; phenotypic; pinus; pinus caribaea; pinus massoniana; planting; production; progenies; progeny; random; region; resin; results; science; scientia; sebbenn; selection; seleção; similar; soil; souza; species; spp; study; survival; são; table; tambarussi; test; traits; values; var; variables; variance; variation; years; zealand
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        item: #4 of 47
          id: nzjfs-118
      author: de Gouw, Sarah; Morgenroth, Justin; Xu, Cong
       title: An updated survey on the use of geospatial technologies in New Zealand’s plantation forestry sector
        date: 2020-11-05
       words: 10241
      flesch: 53
     summary: The advances in geospatial technologies, their widespread availability, and their use in various applications explain why geospatial skills and knowledge have become requirements for many entry- level jobs within forest companies (Sample et al. 2015). The use of UAVs to capture aerial imagery was not reported by forest management companies in Morgenroth and Visser’s 2013 study, but presumably, the development of cheaper, smaller sensors and UAVs has improved access to this technology.
    keywords: accuracy; acquisition; aerial; aerial imagery; analysis; applications; arcgis; available; bands; barriers; common; companies; company; consumer; cost; dash; data; e.g.; education; et al; forestry; forests; free; future; geographic; geospatial; geospatial technologies; gis; gnss; gouw; grade; https://doi; hyperspectral; hyperspectral imagery; imagery; increase; index; industry; information; j.p; journal; knowledge; lack; lidar; lidar data; management; mapping; merry; morgenroth; multispectral; multispectral imagery; new; new zealand; page; pearse; photography; planning; plantation; point; processing; products; progression; questions; receivers; remote; reported; research; resolution; respondents; results; satellite; scale; science; sector; sensed; sensing; software; staff; study; survey; system; table; technologies; technology; training; uav; uavs; uptake; use; visser; watt; years; zealand; zealand journal
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        item: #5 of 47
          id: nzjfs-121
      author: Marden, Michael; Lambie, Suzanne; Burrows, Larry
       title: Species-specific basic stem-wood densities for twelve indigenous forest and shrubland species of known age, New Zealand
        date: 2021-02-15
       words: 15992
      flesch: 60
     summary: Potential effectiveness of low-density plantings of mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium) as an erosion mitigation strategy in steeplands, northern Hawke’s Bay, New Zealand New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 50: 10. https://doi.org/10.33494/ nzjfs502020x82x Marden et al. However, given that the earliest of the published values of basic stem wood density for merchantable timber trees were likely determined following the removal of the bark, a comparison with the means of all age-specific stem-wood densities, whether determined with the bark intact or after the removal of bark, might be considered invalid.
    keywords: 2010; agathis; age; alectryon; allometric; analysis; areas; australis; bark; basic; basic stem; basic wood; bay; bedrock; beets; bier; biomass; breast; brown; carbon; clifton; cms; co2; comm; consists; continued; coprosma; cupressinum; dacrycarpus; dacrydioides; dacrydium; data; dbh; densities; density data; density values; determined; diameter; different; discs; ecology; elevation; estimates; et al; excelsus; facing; ferruginea; fig; forest; forestry; forestry science; geological; gisborne; grandiflora; greater; greywacke; growth; hardwood; height; hewitt; https://doi; indigenous; industries; journal; kunzea; kunzea spp; landcare; leptospermum; level; location; lucens; m-3; marden; marden et; mean; melicytus; meteorological; ministry; natural; new zealand; north; old; orthic; page; payton; peltzer; pers; plantings; plot; podocarpus; primary; processes; prumnopitys; racemosa; rainfall; ramiflorus; range; rcd; regenerating; reid; relationships; research; result; science; scoparium; sediment; service; shrubland; significant; site; slopes; soils; south; species; specific; spp; stands; stem; stem wood; stocks; survey; table; totara; tree; typical; unpublished; use; values; vitex; volume; wainuiomata; weinmannia; wellington; wood; wood densities; wood density; years; years old; zealand forest; zealand journal
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        item: #6 of 47
          id: nzjfs-131
      author: Chahboub, Hamida Gaba; Lamhamedi, Mohamed Sghir; Abrous-Belbachir, Ouzna
       title: Implications of ectomycorrhizal inoculation for drought stress tolerance of Atlas cedar (Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) Carrière) seedlings
        date: 2021-07-09
       words: 7887
      flesch: 54
     summary: The inoculation of Atlas cedar seedlings with fungal spore inoculum of Cortinarius cedretorum (R. Maire), Amanita vaginata (Fries) Vittidini and Inocybe geophylla (Pers.) had the best mycorrhization rate and improved Atlas cedar seedling growth (Gaba-Chahboub et al. 2016). Conclusions: Inoculation of Atlas cedar seedlings with spores of ectomycorrhizal fungi remains a very effective alternative for improving growth and the morphological and physiological status of seedlings under drought conditions.
    keywords: activities; activity; algeria; amanita; analysis; antioxidant; apx; atlantica; atlas; atlas cedar; avc; avs; biochemical; cat; ccc; ccs; cedar; cedar seedlings; cedretorum; cedrus; chahboub; chlorophyll; conditions; content; control; cortinarius; drought; drought stress; dry; ectomycorrhizal; effect; enzyme; et al; fig; fine; forest; forestry; fungi; g dw; growth; h2o2; height; higher; https://doi; ics; igc; igs; increase; inoculated; inoculation; inoculum; inocybe; iss; journal; lamhamedi; length; main; mean; methods; mg-1; min; morocco; mycorrhizal; mycorrhization; needles; new; nmole; number; nursery; oxygen; page; physiological; physiology; plant; proline; protein; rate; relative; research; root; rwc; science; seedlings; significant; sod; soil; soluble; species; spore; starch; stress; stressed; studies; study; sugars; symbiosis; tolerance; total; trees; ucs; university; uss; vaginata; values; water; zealand
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        item: #7 of 47
          id: nzjfs-132
      author: Pawson, Stephen M.; Kerr, Jessica L.; Somchit, Chanatda ; Wardhaugh, Carl W.
       title: Flight activity of wood- and bark-boring insects at New Zealand ports
        date: 2020-12-23
       words: 7193
      flesch: 50
     summary: Predicting forest insect flight activity: A Bayesian network approach. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science (2020) 50:14 Page 3 FIGURE 1: Flight intercept trap attached to a bespoke separator system for monitoring daily insect activity (top image).
    keywords: activity; additional; additional file; april; arhopalus; ater; august; average; barkand; beetles; binomial; boring; brockerhoff; catch; daily; data; days; different; dunedin; early; effect; estimated; et al; export; faccoli; ferus; figure; file; flight; flight activity; forest; forestry; gam; haack; hylastes; hylastes ater; hylurgus; hylurgus ligniperda; individual; infestation; insects; ippc; journal; june; late; ligniperda; log; logs; low; maximum; measures; meteorological; model; monthly; napier; nelson; new; new zealand; october; page; pawson; period; pest; petrucco; phytosanitary; ports; probability; rassati; research; risk; science; september; species; specific; speed; surveillance; systems; table; tauranga; temperature; time; toffolo; total; trade; trap; trapping; volume; week; whangarei; wind; winter; wood; year; zealand
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        item: #8 of 47
          id: nzjfs-143
      author: Samani, Ajmal ; Ganguly, Sauradipta; Hom, Sanjeet Kumar
       title: Effect of chemical modification and heat treatment on biological durability and dimensional stability of Pinus roxburghii Sarg.
        date: 2021-12-21
       words: 6828
      flesch: 53
     summary: Wood modification alters the physical and chemical properties of wood to enhance its performance and durability in service (Sandberg et al. 2017; The present day focus on wood modification and protection is on environmentally benign agents (Ganguly 2018;
    keywords: acid; ase; better; biological; blocks; bottles; chemical; citric; class; control; culture; decay; degradation; despot; different; dimensional; durability; effect; efficiency; et al; forestry; fungi; ganguly; groups; heat; higher; hom; https://doi; hypophosphite; improvement; india; international; journal; loss; mass; militz; modification; modified; moisture; mound; new; oven; page; performance; pine; pinus; products; research; resistance; results; roxburghii; samani; samples; sba; science; service; set; sodium; soil; species; stability; study; swelling; table; temperature; termite; test; tmt; treatment; tripathi; untreated; use; values; volumetric; water; weight; wood; zealand
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        item: #9 of 47
          id: nzjfs-15
      author: Bodaghi, Afraz Iranparast; Nikooy, Mehrdad; Naghdi, Ramin; Tavankar, Farzam
       title: Logging damage to residual trees during sustainable harvesting of uneven-age stands in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran
        date: 2020-05-05
       words: 6805
      flesch: 62
     summary: Amount and Structure of tree damage when using cut-to-length system. The extent and intensity of residual tree damage during logging operation depend on the harvest intensity (Fjeld & Granhus 1998; Gullison & Hardner 1993; Han et al. 2000; Sist et al. 2003; Behjo 2014; Tavankar et al. 2015a), site characteristics and topography (Picchio et al. 2012; Tavankar et al. 2015a), type and sizes of harvesting equipment (Bragg et al. 1994; Spinelli et al. 2010; Marchi et al. 2014), pattern of roads and skid trails (Gullison & Hardner 1993; Nikooy & Ershadifar 2012; Danilović et al. 2015), and experience and education level of logging workers (Nikooy et al. 2010).
    keywords: alder; area; beech; bodaghi; bole; bonyad; caspian; characteristics; cm2; cutting; damage; dbh; decay; diameter; distance; ecology; effects; et al; felling; fig; forest; forestry; ground; growth; harvesting; height; higher; hyrcanian; intensity; iran; journal; length; level; location; logging; logging sites; low; management; mean; methods; natural; new; nikooy; northern; number; operation; page; percentage; picchio; regeneration; residual; residual trees; results; salvage; salvage logging; sc1; sc2; science; selection; selection cutting; sites; size; skidder; skidding; sl1; sl2; species; stand; study; table; tavankar; tavankar et; timber; trees; volume; winching; wood; wounds; zealand
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        item: #10 of 47
          id: nzjfs-151
      author: Waldy, Joni; Kershaw Jr, John A.; Weiskittel, Aaron; Ducey, Mark J.
       title: Diameter distribution model development of tropical hybrid Eucalyptus clonal plantations in Sumatera, Indonesia: A comparison of estimation methods
        date: 2022-01-11
       words: 7967
      flesch: 54
     summary: To our knowledge, there are no studies regarding diameter distribution models for Eucalyptus hybrids in Indonesia. Incorporating the effects of interspecific competition and vegetation management treatments in diameter distribution models for Douglas-fir saplings.
    keywords: agriculture; approach; area; arithmetic; attributes; average; bailey; basal; burkhart; cao; characteristics; class; clone; data; dbh; dell; density; department; diameter; diameter distribution; distribution; effects; equation; estimates; estimation; et al; eucalyptus; figure; fit; forest; forestry; function; future; growth; https://doi; hybrid; indonesia; journal; kershaw; knowe; level; likelihood; loblolly; location; management; maximum; mean; mean diameter; methods; mle; models; moment; months; new; observed; page; parameter; pct; percentiles; pine; plantations; plot; prediction; r.l; random; recovery; regression; research; sample; scale; science; service; shape; similar; site; size; southern; stand; station; statistical; structure; study; table; thinned; trees; u.s; waldy; weibull; weibull distribution; yield; zealand
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        item: #11 of 47
          id: nzjfs-153
      author: Myster, Randall W.
       title: Effects of selective-logging, litter and tree species on forests in the Peruvian Amazon: seed predation, seed pathogens, germination 
        date: 2021-08-02
       words: 6642
      flesch: 55
     summary: More specifically (1) within unlogged terra firme forest addition of litter reduced seed predation but increased seed losses to pathogens and germination, and C. latiloba lost the most seeds to pathogens, (2) within selectively-logged terra firme forest seeds showed the same trends as unlogged terra firme forest but without significant effects, (3) within palm forest addition of litter reduced predation but increased losses to pathogens, and S. exorrhiza lost the least seeds to pathogens, and (4) within white sand forests addition of litter increased germination. In palm forests seed predation was significantly different (df = 1, F = 2.6, p = 0.05) between litter treatments (93.1±5.9% no litter vs. 69.3±6.2% litter), seed pathogenic attack was significantly different (df = 2, F = 3.3, p = 0.02) among tree species where Socratea exorrhiza (6.7±3.3%) was lower than Cecropia latiloba (25.4±3.8%) and Guarea macrophylla (16.2±2.3%), and significantly different (df = 1, F = 4.8, p = 0.01) between litter treatments (5.4±1.7% no litter vs. 27.7±3.7% litter).
    keywords: 2001; addition; amazon; amazonian; anovas; cecropia; different; dishes; dispersal; ecology; effects; et al; exorrhiza; fate; field; firme; firme forest; forest; forest seed; forestry; germination; gorchov; guarea; https://doi; journal; large; latiloba; layer; litter; litter layer; logged; logging; losses; macrophylla; myster; natural; new; notman; page; palm; palm forest; pathogens; peruvian; plant; predation; predators; r.w; rain; recruitment; regeneration; results; sand; sand forests; science; seed; seed losses; seed pathogens; seed predation; seed predators; seed species; seedling; socratea; soil; species; stands; structure; study; table; terra; terra firme; treatments; tree; tree seed; tropical; types; unflooded; unlogged; unlogged terra; variation; white; white sand; zealand
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        item: #12 of 47
          id: nzjfs-163
      author: Lambie, Suzanne; Awatere, Shaun; Daigneault, Adam; Kirschbaum, Miko; Marden, Michael; Soliman, Tarek; Spiekermann, Raphael; Walsh, Patrick
       title: Trade-offs between environmental and economic factors in conversion from exotic pine production to natural regeneration on erosion prone land 
        date: 2021-12-19
       words: 12857
      flesch: 46
     summary: Biodiversity in New Zealand plantation forests: Policy, incentives, and the state of our knowledge. Economic impacts of multiple agro-environmental policies on New Zealand land use.
    keywords: analysis; annual; area; aspect; associated; baseline; benefits; biodiversity; biomass; carbon; cenw; change; climate; coast; connectivity; conservation; conversion; costs; country; cover; credits; cretaceous; cultural; data; department; development; different; district; dymond; east; ecology; economic; ecosystem; environmental; ericoides; erosion; erosion susceptibility; estimate; et al; exotic; factors; fig; figure; forest; forestry; forestry science; funding; future; gisborne; greater; growth; gullies; gully; harvest; ha–1; high; higher; hill; honey; https://doi; https://doi.org/10.1016/j; impacts; industries; information; island; journal; kirschbaum; lambie; lambie et; landcare; landowners; landslide; landslide susceptibility; likely; low; lower; management; marden; marlborough; ministry; mitigation; model; modelling; moderate; mānuka; māori; national; native; native forest; natural; net; new zealand; north; npv; number; nzlri; observed; overall; page; payton; pine; pinus; plantation; policy; post; potential; present; primary; production; profits; prone; quality; radiata; rainfall; range; rates; regeneration; region; report; research; resource; review; scenarios; science; sediment; sequestration; services; shrubland; slope; soil; species; stands; steep; study; susceptibility; susceptible; table; tait; temperature; terrain; tertiary; total; tree; umf; units; use; value; water; waterways; watt; weed; wellington; wood; work; years; yr–1; zealand journal
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        item: #13 of 47
          id: nzjfs-172
      author: Iyiola, Ebenezer A.; Altaner, Clemens M.; Apiolaza, Luis A.
       title: Genetic variation in wood properties of mid-rotation age Eucalyptus globoidea
        date: 2022-04-27
       words: 7391
      flesch: 53
     summary: Methods: The genetic variation in wood properties at mid-rotation age (8-year-old) of 141 E. globoidea families was assessed for the following traits: heartwood diameter, diameter under bark at ~0.5 m height, combined sapwood diameter, heartwood collapse, sapwood collapse, standing tree acoustic velocity and extractive content in the heartwood. Heartwood diameter (h2 = 0.51) and extractive content (h2 = 1.16) showed good heritability, which in combination with high variation are promising traits for a breeding programme.
    keywords: acoustic; age; altaner; australia; average; bark; bosistoana; breeding; bush; cgv; coefficient; collapse; combined; content; control; correlation; cpv; diameter; durability; durable; estimates; et al; eucalyptus; extractive; families; family; forestry; genetic; globoidea; ground; half; heartwood; heartwood diameter; height; heritability; high; https://doi; infrared; iyiola; journal; level; lower; mean; natural; near; new; new zealand; nir; nitens; observed; old; old e.; page; phenotypic; positive; products; programme; properties; radiata; raymond; relatedness; research; sapwood; sapwood diameter; science; selection; species; spectroscopy; standing; stiffness; study; table; tangential; timber; traits; trees; university; values; variation; velocity; year; zealand
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        item: #14 of 47
          id: nzjfs-174
      author: Harvey, Campbell; Visser, Rien
       title: Characterisation of harvest residues on New Zealand’s steepland plantation cutovers
        date: 2022-03-24
       words: 8212
      flesch: 50
     summary: Goulding (2005) presents experiential evidence, stating harvest residue volumes may range from 5 - 30% of Total Standing Volume (TSV), depending on terrain, silviculture and degree of malformation. The purpose of this research is to establish a current estimate for harvest residue volumes remaining on steepland cutovers, and also provide a detailed characterisation of size (both diameter and length) of ‘potentially merchantable’ residual timber.
    keywords: area; average; binwood; bioenergy; biomass; cable; curvature; cutover; debris; diameter; distribution; effect; erosion; extraction; felling; figure; forestry; forestry science; forests; ground; hall; harvesting; harvey; hectare; high; https://doi; https://fgr.nz/documents/; industry; intersect; journal; landings; large; length; line; liro; lis; literature; logging; logs; long; low; management; manual; market; material; measure; mechanised; median; merchantable; method; motor; new; new zealand; operations; page; phillips; pine; plantation; plots; point; post; processing; production; proportion; quality; radiata; range; recovery; regression; report; research; residual; residue; residue volume; results; risk; rotorua; sampling; science; significant; silviculture; sites; slash; slope; small; soil; solutions; stand; steepland; structural; studies; study; systems; terrain; timber; tonnes; total; transect; trees; university; value; variables; visser; visser new; volume; waste; woody; zealand; zealand journal
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        item: #15 of 47
          id: nzjfs-179
      author: Easdale, Tomas; Allen, Robert B.; Burrows, Larry E.; Henley, David; Franklin, Dudley A.
       title: More timber from fewer trees – determining what tree density optimises silver beech merchantable yield based upon a long-term thinning trial
        date: 2022-06-07
       words: 11844
      flesch: 60
     summary: By examining the effects of thinning on tree density and yield, forestry science has long been making a similar contribution. This three-step procedure allowed us to explicitly model and calibrate the non-linear relationship between diameter curves and tree density within stands.
    keywords: 200; age; ages; allen; annual; beech; competition; constant; crop; curves; data; dbh; dense; densities; density; development; diameter; easdale; ecology; effects; empirical; equation; et al; fig; figure; forestry; forests; franklin; function; greater; growth; ha–1; height; higher; https://doi; increase; information; intense; journal; level; lines; long; low; lower; management; maximum; mean; measurements; merchantable; merchantable yield; ministry; model; mortality; new; new zealand; nothofagus; optimal; optimum; page; parameters; predictions; probability; random; range; relative; research; residual; responses; results; science; second; second thinning; self; silver; silver beech; simulated; simulations; site; size; small; smith; southern; species; stand; stems; step; study; support; term; thinned; thinning; timber; time; total; tree; tree growth; trial; unthinned; values; variability; volume; wardle; weiner; wiser; years; yield; yrs ●; zealand; zealand journal; zeide; ∆aic; ● ●
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        item: #16 of 47
          id: nzjfs-181
      author: Valverde, Juan Carlos; Rubilar, Rafael; Medina, Alex; Mardones, Oscar; Emhart, Verónica; Bozo, Daniel; Espinoza, Yosselin; Campoe, Octavio
       title: Taper and individual tree volume equations of Eucalyptus varieties under contrasting irrigation regimes
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 7911
      flesch: 52
     summary: Taper and individual tree volume equations of Eucalyptus varieties under contrasting irrigation regimes Juan Carlos Valverde1*, Rafael Rubilar1,2, Alex Medina3, Oscar Mardones4, Verónica Emhart3, Daniel Bozo1, Yosselin Espinoza1 and Otavio Campoe5 1 Our results indicated that none of these effects affected taper and individual tree volume equations (Table 4), similar to what has been reported before by Gomat et al. (2011) and Scolforo et al. (2019) in which a single generalised model equation could be used for Eucalyptus regardless of genotype and climatic environment.
    keywords: accuracy; aic; analysis; availability; average; best; bias; bic; bole; burkhart; chile; classes; dbh; diameter; different; distribution; effects; engl; equations; error; estimates; et al; eucalyptus; evaluated; figure; fit; forest; forestry; generalised; genotype; globulus; growth; height; high; https://doi; individual; interaction; irrigation; irrigation regime; journal; kozak; kozak et; linear; low; management; max; mean; merchantable; merchantable volume; mixed; model; new; non; observed; ormerod; page; parameters; plantations; productivity; regime; relative; research; results; rmse; scenario; science; scolforo; shape; significant; site; souza; species; stem; studies; study; taper; taper equations; test; total; treatments; tree; tree volume; use; validation; values; valverde; valverde et; variables; volume; volume equations; water; weiskittel; zealand
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        item: #17 of 47
          id: nzjfs-182
      author: McGlone, Matt S.; Bellingham, Peter J.; Richardson, Sarah J.
       title: Science, policy, and sustainable indigenous forestry in New Zealand
        date: 2022-03-24
       words: 19653
      flesch: 51
     summary: Options can be portrayed as a sequence from less government control and regulation to greater regulation, or in the case of New Zealand indigenous forests from policies that prioritise social and economic factors to biocentric ones. Assessment of sustainable forest management in New Zealand indigenous forest.
    keywords: 1920s; 1987; 1990; 2005; 20th; act; agathis; agriculture; allen; angiosperm; annual; areas; australis; available; basis; beech; beech forests; bellingham; benecke; best; beveridge; biodiversity; botany; campbell; canopy; carbon; case; central; century; change; christchurch; clear; clearance; climate; coast; cockayne; commercial; commission; conifer; conservation; conservationists; continued; control; coomes; costs; country; cover; crown; cutover; cutting; cycle; d.a; damage; demand; dense; department; development; dynamics; early; ecological; ecology; economic; environmental; et al; exotic; exploitation; exports; extent; extraction; factors; felling; ferns; focus; forest; forest land; forest management; forest policy; forest research; forest service; forester; forestry; forestry science; future; government; greater; griffiths; ground; growing; growth; harvesting; high; history; https://doi; indigenous; indigenous forest; indigenous logging; indigenous timber; industries; industry; investigations; island; issues; james; kauri; key; kimberley; lack; lands; large; later; limited; little; local; logging; long; major; management; mcglone; mcglone et; merchantable; methods; ministry; māori; national; national forest; native; natural; need; new policy; new zealand; north; northern; norton; nothofagus; nzfsar; ogden; old; opinion; overton; p.j; page; parliament; particular; period; pine; plantations; planting; podocarp; policies; policy; poor; potential; practice; preservation; press; private; production; products; public; pulp; r.b; radiata; range; rapid; rates; recent; red; regeneration; reports; research; reserves; resources; review; richardson; rimu; roche; royal; s.j; s.k; science; scientific; scientists; second; silviculture; sites; slow; smale; social; society; soils; south; species; spp; stands; state; state forest; stewart; structure; sustainable; sustainable forest; sustainable indigenous; tawa; timber; timberlands; time; tracts; trees; university; use; uses; value; vegetation; viable; walker; wardle; way; wellington; west; westland; wilson; window; wiser; wood; world; years; young; zealand forest; zealand indigenous; zealand journal; zealand tree
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        item: #18 of 47
          id: nzjfs-186
      author: Harvey, Campbell
       title: Measuring harvest residue accumulations at New Zealand’s steepland log-making sites
        date: 2022-04-13
       words: 6454
      flesch: 46
     summary: Discussion One of the goals of this study was to provide an up- to-date benchmark of residue pile volumes. It sets the latest benchmark for landing residue pile volumes in New Zealand’s steepland plantations.
    keywords: accuracy; area; available; average; biomass; breakage; bulk; camera; cent; change; clearwood; current; data; datum; depth; difference; estimated; estimation; figure; forestry; forestry science; georeferenced; ground; hall; harvest; harvesting; harvey; hauler; hectare; height; https://fgr.nz/documents/; industry; interpolation; journal; landing; liro; logging; management; manual; market; material; mean; measurement; method; models; mpi; new; new zealand; page; photogrammetric; pile; pine; plantation; point; pre; production; radiata; range; regimes; report; research; residue; residue piles; results; risk; rotorua; science; sites; steepland; stem; study; surface; systems; table; terrain; time; total; uav; use; value; visser; volume; woody; wth; zealand; zealand journal
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        item: #19 of 47
          id: nzjfs-195
      author: Huerta, Amanda; Chiffelle, Ítalo; Arias, Carolina; Curkovic, Tomislav; Araya, Jaime E.
       title: Bioefficacy of Euphorbia peplus latex as an antifeedant and insecticide against Gonipterus platensis larvae on Eucalyptus globulus
        date: 2022-11-17
       words: 4071
      flesch: 48
     summary: Our results show a more potent activity of Euphorbia peplus latex on G. platensis larvae since an almost 100% antifeeding effect was obtained at 10% w/v after only 24 h. However, a 100% antifeedant effect on third-instar larvae of G. platensis was obtained with even lower concentrations of 2.4% w/v aqueous extracts of Cestrum parqui L’Heritier (Solanaceae) leaves, a South American shrub (Huerta et al. 2021). This work evaluated the antifeeding effect and insecticide efficacy of Euphorbia peplus latex on G. platensis larvae, through laboratory bioassays, with a view to integrated pest management (IPM).
    keywords: adults; analysis; antifeeding; cestrum; chile; complex; concentration; control; day; days; department; effect; efficacy; et al; ethanol; ethanolic; eucalyptus; euphorbia; euphorbia peplus; exposure; extracts; faculty; forestal; forestry; fresh; globulus; gonipterus; huerta; insecticide; instar; journal; larvae; latex; lc50; leaves; lethal; management; mean; mortality; nature; new; page; peplus; peplus latex; pest; platensis; platensis larvae; probit; results; santiago; science; scutellatus; solutions; species; study; test; treatments; tukey; university; zealand
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        item: #20 of 47
          id: nzjfs-196
      author: Jones, Trevor G. ; Yang, Jun Li; McConchie, Don L.; Downes, Geoffrey M.
       title: Predicting resin pockets and blemishes in radiata pine lumber from log properties
        date: 2022-05-03
       words: 6859
      flesch: 60
     summary: Tangoio forest Low 52 b 7 a 1 b Moderate 94 a 23 a 3 b Severe 98 a 13 a 13 a TABLE 6: Board resin pockets and blemishes for the log ERF classes of Parengarenga and Tangoio Forest. Predicting resin pockets and blemishes in radiata pine lumber from log properties Trevor G. Jones1*, Jun Li Yang2, Don L. McConchie3 and Geoffrey M. Downes4 1
    keywords: acoustic; actual; adjusted; average; bark; blemishes; boards; brightness; butt; canal; class; class logs; classes; clears; diameter; ends; erf; erf class; et al; external; features; forest; forest logs; forestry; frequency; grade; grade recovery; growth; heartwood; incidence; jones; journal; log erf; logs; loss; low; lumber; lumber value; mcconchie; moderate; new; new zealand; parengarenga; parengarenga forest; pine; properties; pruned; radiata; recovery; resin; resin blemishes; resin canal; resin features; resin pockets; science; severe; shop; surface; table; tangoio; tangoio forest; trees; type; value; variables; velocity; volume; zealand
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        item: #21 of 47
          id: nzjfs-203
      author: Dodd, Sarah; Shah, Farhat; Kimberley, Mark; Somchit, Chanatda; Hood, Ian
       title: Differentiating individuals of Armillaria species in New Zealand forests
        date: 2022-04-06
       words: 11019
      flesch: 64
     summary: Differentiating individuals of Armillaria species in New Zealand forests Sarah Dodd1*, Farhat Shah2, Mark Kimberley3, Chanatda Somchit4 and Ian Hood4 1 Department of Agriculture and Fisheries Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane QLD 4001, Australia 2 New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Private Bag 4704, Christchurch, New Zealand 3 Environmental Statistics Ltd., 72 Becroft Drive, Auckland, New Zealand 4 Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd.), Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand *Corresponding author: Sarah.Dodd@daf.qld.gov.au (Received for publication 4 December 2021; accepted in revised form 13 March 2022) Abstract Background: Armillaria novae-zelandiae and A. limonea occur naturally as wood decay fungi in native forests in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science (2022) 52:9 Page 7 https://doi.org/10.1139/b96-206 https://doi.org/10.1139/b96-206 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756205003606 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148130 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148130 https://doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2008.61.6830 https://doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2008.61.6830 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00731.x https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00731.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0329.1991.tb00975.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0329.1991.tb00975.x https://doi.org/10.1139/b95-085 https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-66-1210 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0275-0287(08)80008-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0275-0287(08)80008-2 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00437.x https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00437.x https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl117 https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl117 https://doi.org/10.12657/denbio.074.010 https://doi.org/10.1080/01140671.2002.9514197 https://doi.org/10.1080/01140671.2002.9514197 https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1963.10500845 https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1963.10500845 https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1997.12026751 https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1997.12026751 Tables S1–S4 New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science Differentiating individuals of Armillaria species in New Zealand forests Supplementary material Table S1.
    keywords: addition; alim; analysis; anz; armillaria; as4; bands; botany; c.j; canadian; central; cluster; colonies; combined; culture; data; disease; distribution; dna; dodd; earlier; et al; field; fig; forest; forestry; fungal; fungi; gel; gels; genetic; genets; groupings; groups; guillaumin; hood; https://doi; i.a; identities; incompatibility; individual; isolates; journal; kile; laboratory; lanes; lim; limonea; lübeck; methods; molecular; mycelia; native; new; new zealand; novae; number; order; page; pairing; pcr; pinus; plantations; populations; possible; primers; procedure; radiata; research; results; root; sandberg; science; significant; somatic; spatial; species; structure; study; subcultures; table; techniques; trees; variation; vcgs; vegetative; ward; work; zealand; zelandiae
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        item: #22 of 47
          id: nzjfs-217
      author: Burdon, Rowland D.; Low, Charles B.
       title: Field performance of progenies of Pinus radiata selected for resistance to Diplodia-associated shoot dieback
        date: 2022-10-25
       words: 8769
      flesch: 69
     summary: This report covers the first assessment of dieback in the field progeny trial, in which a number of alternative measures of dieback incidence were tried. With a large number of trees per family, adequate block replication, and the sort of dieback incidence that was observed at Tarawera, there would seem to beno great advantage in recording more than whether or not each tree had definite leader dieback; with fewer trees per family - say, in the region of 25 - it might be worth incorporating counts of dieback on laterals in the measure of dieback occurrence.
    keywords: analysis; assessment; better; branching; burdon; case; clear; controls; correlations; d.b.h.o.b; d.f; data; definite; dfdbkge; dieback; differences; dlatgen; dldrdef; dldrgen; effect; elldbkge; estimates; family; field; general; genetic; glasshouse; incidence; individual; infection; inoculation; interaction; kaingaroa; laterals; leader; lots; malftran; means; monoterpene; muricata; n.s; number; occurrences; parents; progenies; progeny; r69/854; radiata; rankings; reps; resistance; resolution; results; scale; score; seed; selection; significant; sites; stem; straightness; studies; table; tarawera; traits; tree; trial; variable; variance
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        item: #23 of 47
          id: nzjfs-218
      author: Rangel do Prado Frade, Samira; Santana Costa Souza, Denys Matheus; Fernandes, Sérgio Bruno; Lopes Martins Avelar, Maria; Vaz Molinari, Letícia; Santos Gonçalves, Douglas; Alves Magalhães, Thiago; Brondani, Gilvano Ebling
       title: Spectral quality influence on in vitro morphophysiological responses of Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden and Eucalyptus grandis W.Hill ex Maiden × E. urophylla S.T.Blake
        date: 2023-01-29
       words: 8845
      flesch: 49
     summary: E. urophylla under different spectral qualities [i.e., red (RE), white (WH), blue (BL), yellow (YE), purple (PU), and green (GR)] at 60 d. (A) Oxidation percentage according to clone (n = 240, p-value = 0.512); (B) = Oxidation percentage according to spectral quality (n = 240, p-value = 0.014); (C) Shoot length per explant (cm) according to clone (n = 240, p-value = 0.001); (D) Shoot length (cm) according to spectral quality (n = 240, p-value = 0.001); and (E) Number of buds per explant (n = 240, p-value = 0.001). The two clones showed statistical difference when analysing the anatomical features in the histological sections, in response to different spectral qualities during the elongation stage (Figures 7A-H).
    keywords: a+b; abaxial; adventitious; analysis; anatomical; best; biology; blue; brondani; buds; cell; chlorophyll; clones; content; culture; density; development; differences; different; different spectral; effect; elongation; error; et al; eucalyptus; eucalyptus dunnii; eucalyptus grandis; eucalyptus urophylla; experimental; explant; faria; features; figure; forestry; frade; frade et; g.e; grandis; green; growth; higher; highest; https://doi; important; journal; l-1; leaf; length; letters; light; light quality; means; micropropagation; miranda; multiplication; n =; new; number; oxidation; page; palisade; parenchyma; percentage; photosynthetic; pigments; plant; prado; production; purple; qualities; quality; rangel; red; responses; results; rooting; roots; science; shoot; significant; souza; souza et; species; spectral; spectral quality; spectrum; stage; stomatal; studies; test; thickness; tissue; total; treatment; urophylla; use; value; vitro; wavelengths; white; yellow; zealand
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        item: #24 of 47
          id: nzjfs-236
      author: Tambarussi, Evandro V.; Silva, Eder D.B.; da Costa, Rodolfo M.L.; Santos, Jéssica F.F.; Jatzek, Vitor A.; Resende, Rafael T.
       title: Growth and survival of Eucalyptus viminalis in a frost-prone site in southern Brazil, and implications for genetic management
        date: 2023-03-22
       words: 8951
      flesch: 56
     summary: Efeito do espaçamento na capacidade de brotação de Eucalyptus viminalis. E. viminalis E. longirostrata1 E. benthamii2 Clone3 Production* 20 3 9 2.00 2.22 11.78 8.77 82 28 32 -23 30 4 13 2.14 3.36 16.60 8.17 70 19 23 -29 40 5 17 2.35 3.24 23.77 7.75 61 13 16 -32 50 6 20 2.50 3.00 29.85 7.43 54 8 12 -35 60 6 25 2.73 3.16 39.61 7.17 49 4 8 -37 Conservation** 20 12 20 1.00 0.00 20.00 7.23 50 5 9 -37 30 14 30 1.00 0.00 30.00 6.46 34
    keywords: applied; area; average; bayesian; benthamii; best; brazil; breeding; cold; commercial; comparison; conditions; conservation; data; different; effective; effects; embrapa; environmental; estimated; et al; eucalipto; eucalyptus; eucalyptus species; eucalyptus viminalis; experimental; families; family; figure; forestry; frequent; frost; gains; gaussian; genetic; genotypes; genética; good; growth; heritability; higa; high; https://doi; important; improvement; individuals; irati; j.l; journal; junior; levels; linear; maiden; management; materials; melhoramento; methods; moderate; new; number; oliveira; original; page; parameters; paraná; performance; pesquisa; plantations; plants; plots; population; potential; present; production; productivity; progeny; programme; provenances; quality; region; research; resende; resistance; results; santos; science; selection; silva; similar; site; size; southern; spatial; species; spp; statistical; strategies; strategy; strong; study; sturion; subtropical; superior; survival; table; tambarussi; tambarussi et; temperature; total; tree; trial; universidade; values; variability; variance; variation; vector; viminalis; volume; weak; wood; zealand
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        item: #25 of 47
          id: nzjfs-238
      author: Satchell, Dean; Moore, John
       title: Sawn timber and structural products from ‘Kawa’ poplar (Populus deltoides Marshall x P. yunnanensis Dode) grown in Northland, New Zealand
        date: 2022-11-16
       words: 8689
      flesch: 55
     summary: Sawn timber grade recovery from a planted coast redwood stand growing in New Zealand. There has been considerable focus on hybrids of fast growing poplar species to provide feedstocks for biomass energy and the pulp and Keywords: hybrid poplar; structural timber; timber preservation; mechanical properties; building code; end-splitting; timber grading; pruning wounds; knots; stiffness; strength http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), Satchell & Moore New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science (2023) 53:1 Page 2 other solid wood applications such as furniture and a range of engineered wood products including plywood, laminated veneer lumber and cross-laminated timber (Hematabadi et al. 2021).
    keywords: applications; average; boards; boron; building; class; code; content; cown; cross; cut; data; defect; density; diameter; different; elasticity; end; forestry; free; gpa; grade; grading; h1.2; heartwood; higher; https://doi; journal; kawa; knots; large; length; log; logs; long; mean; mechanical; method; model; modulus; moisture; moore; new; new zealand; nominal; northland; nzs; old; page; penetration; pine; pith; poplar; position; preservative; products; properties; pruning; radial; radiata; recoveries; recovery; relationship; requirements; research; results; retention; rupture; satchell; sawn; sawn timber; science; section; small; species; specimens; standards; stem; stiffness; strength; structural; study; table; taper; testing; timber; time; total; treatment; trees; values; variation; volume; wilkinson; wood; wounds; zealand; zealand journal
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        item: #26 of 47
          id: nzjfs-24
      author: Mason, Euan G
       title: Influences of mean top height definition and sampling method on errors of estimates in New Zealand’s forest plantations
        date: 2019-02-19
       words: 5273
      flesch: 57
     summary: FIGURE 8: Mean standard deviations of plot MTH estimates within stands versus level of H-D curve (“Plot” = H-D at a plot level, “Stand” = using all heights in a stand, and “Stand7” = using a median of 7 heights/stand), and MTH calculation method (CHH or FRI). Inventory plots are generally much more numerous than PSPs, however, and so it would be good to be able to use inventory estimates for calibrations.
    keywords: calculation; chh; curves; d curves; dbhobs; definitions; deviations; different; equation; estimates; estimation; figure; forestry; fri; garcia; heights; independence; index; inventories; inventory; journal; largest; level; ltd; mason; mean; measured; measurements; median; method; mth; new; new zealand; näslund; plot; psps; radiata; relative; sample; sampling; science; site; stand; standard; stems; study; trees; variation; zealand
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        item: #27 of 47
          id: nzjfs-249
      author: Ioannidis, Kostas; Koropouli, Polyxeni
       title: Quantitative genetic parameters of heartwood and its chemical traits in a black pine (Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold) clonal seed orchard established in Greece
        date: 2023-06-11
       words: 8081
      flesch: 54
     summary: The concentrations of total acetone extractives, pinosylvin and its ether derivatives in black pine have described extensively by Ioannidis et al. (2017), while information on resin acids is contained in Ioannidis et al. (2019). These bioactive compounds are high added value products which can be produced from wood and wood waste (Ioannidis et al. 2017, 2019; Pietarinen et al. 2006).
    keywords: abietic; acetone; acid; activity; analysis; basis; bioactive; black; broad; chemical; chemistry; clonal; clones; coefficients; component; compounds; content; control; correlations; cso; dehydroabietic; derivatives; differences; environmental; ericsson; estimates; et al; ether; extractives; extracts; figure; forestry; formation; fries; gdhw; genetic; greece; heartwood; heartwood percentage; heritabilities; heritability; high; https://doi; individual; ioannidis; journal; koropouli; lee; levopimaric; low; lpma; material; mean; moderate; monomethyl; naa; natural; negative; new; nigra; orchard; p<0.01; page; park; pdme; peloponnese; percentage; phenotypic; pine; pinosylvin; pinus; plant; positive; properties; proportion; provenance; quantitative; radiata; research; resin; resin acids; results; sampled; science; scots; seed; sense; significant; silvae; species; spma; stilbenes; strong; sylvestris; table; tae; total; traits; tree; values; variance; variation; willför; zealand
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        item: #28 of 47
          id: nzjfs-26
      author: Panagiotidis, Dimitrios; Abdollahnejad, Azadeh; Surový, Peter; Kuželka, Karel
       title: Detection of fallen logs from high-resolution UAV images
        date: 2019-03-03
       words: 7797
      flesch: 56
     summary: Nevertheless, whether using laser or camera sensors, the analyses and processing for fallen log detection in forested areas rely on similar approaches, which may be conducted using different methods, such as rasterization of point clouds using a random sample consensus (RANSAC) algorithm, image processing (Tittmann et al. 2011), and object-based image analysis (Blanchard et al. 2011). The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility and performance of a line template matching algorithm (Hough transformation) for fallen log detection from UAV-based high-resolution RGB images under open canopy conditions.
    keywords: accuracy; actual; additional; aerial; agreement; airborne; algorithm; als; analysis; approach; area; assessment; binary; canopy; case; commission; correct; czech; data; detection; different; digital; edge; error; et al; extraction; fallen; fallen logs; fig; figure; flight; forest; forestry; ground; height; high; hough; imagery; images; individual; international; journal; kappa; laser; lidar; line; linear; logs; management; manual; method; new; norway; number; objects; open; overall; page; panagiotidis; parameters; patterns; percentage; pixels; plot; point; process; processing; remote; republic; resolution; results; science; sensing; shape; similar; space; spruce; stands; study; surový; table; technique; test; total; transformation; tree; uav; unmanned; user‘s; values; visual; windthrown; zealand
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        item: #29 of 47
          id: nzjfs-27
      author: Nong, Mingchuan; Leng, Yan; Xu, Hui; Li, Chao; Ou, Guanglong
       title: Incorporating competition factors in a mixed-effect model with random effects of site quality for individual tree above-ground biomass growth of Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis
        date: 2019-12-11
       words: 8601
      flesch: 60
     summary: Furthermore, spatial and temporal autocorrelation between individuals and groups may be neglected in modelling tree biomass growth (Li & Zhang 2010). Thus, it can obviously improve the mixed model predictive accuracy if competition is regarded as an independent variable, and it also indicates that tree competition is the critical element for predicting individual tree biomass growth.
    keywords: -647.7; aboveground; agb; agb growth; age; aic; average; basic; better; bic; biomass; biomass growth; carbon; change; china; competition; competition factors; county; data; dbh; density; diameter; different; dominant; ecology; effect; effect model; equation; estimated; estimation; et al; factors; fang; fitting; forest; forest biomass; forestry; function; ground; growth; growth model; height; https://doi; important; index; individual; journal; kesiya; level; loglik; management; mean; measured; mem; memc; method; mixed; mixed parameter; model; modeling; new; nong; nonlinear; optimal; page; parameter; performance; pine; pinus; plot; power; prediction; quality; random; research; results; richards; sample; science; simao; site; southwest; species; stand; standard; structure; study; table; temesgen; time; total; tree; tree biomass; tree growth; value; variable; variance; volume; years; yunnan; zealand
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        item: #30 of 47
          id: nzjfs-32
      author: Magalhães, Tarquinio Mateus
       title: Effects of site and tree size on wood density and bark properties of Lebombo ironwood (Androstachys johnsonii Prain)
        date: 2021-04-14
       words: 7751
      flesch: 62
     summary: However, wood and bark density, bark proportion and dimensions vary with age and site, as well as among and within trees. Wood and bark density, bark volume and mass, and bark thickness vary with age, diameter, site, tree and within tree (longitudinally and radially) (Auty et al. 2014; Cellini et al. 2012; Kimberley et al. 2015; Machado et al. 2014; Murphy & Cown 2015; Paine et al. 2010; Quilhó & Pereira 2001; Repola 2006; Searle & Owen 2005; Sonmez et al. 2007).
    keywords: average; bark; bark density; bark mass; bark properties; bark thickness; bark volume; basic; breast; bunster; cardoso; class; classes; commonality; conditions; dbh; dbh class; density; diameter; diameter class; differences; different; disc; district; double; double bark; dry; ecology; effect; et al; figure; fire; forestry; funhalouro; heartwood; height; height level; https://doi; important; interactions; ironwood; johnsonii; journal; lebombo; level; mabote; magalhães; mandlakaze; mass; mozambique; m–3; new; overall; page; pereira; properties; proportion; regression; regression effect; relative; science; significant; site; source; species; stem; stem bark; study; table; total; tree; tropical; unique; value; variance; variation; volume; wood; wood density; zealand
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        item: #31 of 47
          id: nzjfs-34
      author: Cabello, Ángel; Espinoza, Nicolás; Espinoza, Sergio; Cabrera, Antonio; Santelices, Rómulo
       title: Effect of pre-germinative treatments on Nothofagus glauca seed germination and seedling growth
        date: 2019-05-05
       words: 6660
      flesch: 60
     summary: The objective of this work was to analyse the germination process of N. glauca seeds submitted to different pre-germinative treatments and to evaluate the subsequent growth of seedlings in nursery subjected to these treatments. Evaluating the effect of sowing season in terms of germinative capacity and maximum value of control seeds suggests that July and September may be the best months for sowing N. glauca seeds, although this result needs further research.
    keywords: acid; attributes; baskin; biomass; cabello; capacity; chile; cold; control; cultivation; days; del; development; differences; different; donoso; dormancy; effect; energy; et al; experiments; forestry; forests; germination; gibberellic; glauca; gordon; growth; information; journal; krasser; l-1; laboratory; los; manuscript; maule; maximum; morphological; new; nothofagaceae; nothofagus; nursery; obliqua; oerst; page; percentage; period; phil; plants; pre; quality; research; restoration; results; root; rowe; santelices; santiago; science; season; seedlings; seeds; semillas; significant; soaking; solution; sowing; species; stratification; thiourea; time; treatments; universidad; value; zealand
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        item: #32 of 47
          id: nzjfs-37
      author: Strandgard, Martin; Mitchell, Rick
       title: Comparison of cost, productivity and residue yield of cut-to-length and fuel-adapted harvesting in a Pinus radiata D.Don final harvest in Western Australia
        date: 2019-11-25
       words: 7653
      flesch: 59
     summary: Forwarder cycle time and productivity regression coefficients and fit statistics Time element forwarder cycle time was 25.8 min for the Conventional operation and 29.3 min for the Fuel-adapted operation, and forwarder productivity was 38 m3 PMH0 -1 for the Conventional operation and 34 m3 PMH0 -1 for the Fuel- adapted operation which represented a 14% increase in cycle time and an 11% productivity reduction for the Fuel-adapted operation.
    keywords: area; aud; australia; bioenergy; biomass; commences; conventional; conventional area; costs; crane; cycle; cycle time; data; different; distance; doi; dry; elemental; extraction; felling; forest; forestry; forwarder; fuel; greater; green; harvester; harvesting; journal; length; load; loading; log; logging; logs; longer; m-3; machine; mean; min; mitchell; models; movement; new; number; operations; operator; oven; page; pinus; pmh0; processing; productivity; radiata; rate; regression; relationship; residue; science; significant; similar; site; starts; strandgard; study; system; table; time; total; transport; travel; tree; unloading; volume; weight; zealand
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        item: #33 of 47
          id: nzjfs-41
      author: Le, Thai Son; Morgenroth, Justin
       title: Strategic expansion of existing forest monitoring plots: a case study using a stratified GIS-based modelling approach
        date: 2020-11-05
       words: 11058
      flesch: 51
     summary: New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science Le and Morgonroth New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science (2020) 50:9 https://doi.org/10.33494/nzjfs502020x41x E-ISSN: 1179-5395 published on-line: 05/11/2020 The stratification of soil variables, slope and aspect were carried out mainly based on descriptions of New Zealand landscapes by Webb and Wilson (1995) and Newsome et al. (2008).
    keywords: analysis; annual; apiolaza; approach; area; austin; australia; available; average; boland; bosistoana; case; climate; climatic; climex; coefficient; cold; collinearity; conditions; corresponding; cover; data; dem; description; development; distribution; ecological; elevation; environmental; environmental conditions; established; et al; eucalyptus; example; expansion; false; forestry; forests; frequency; gis; growth; habitat; high; https://doi; index; information; interest; inventory; island; journal; landcare; large; layers; locations; low; management; map; matching; mean; method; millen; modelling; models; monthly; morgonroth; multi; natural; network; new; new zealand; normalised; north; number; nzdfi; page; paper; particular; permanent; pixel; plantation; plots; potential; precipitation; priority; psp; psps; random; range; raster; research; resource; restriction; results; sample; sampling; science; season; sites; slope; soil; south; spatial; species; statistical; strata; strategic; stratification; stratified; stratum; studies; study; support; system; table; target; temperature; topographic; university; use; values; variable; weighted; wilson; zealand; zealand journal
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        item: #34 of 47
          id: nzjfs-45
      author: Forbes, Adam S.; Norton, David A.; Carswell, Fiona E.
       title: Opportunities and limitations of exotic Pinus radiata as a facilitative nurse for New Zealand indigenous forest restoration
        date: 2019-07-05
       words: 12652
      flesch: 57
     summary: These “non-harvest” stands present opportunities for the restoration of indigenous forest species, with associated benefits to indigenous biodiversity (Norton & Forbes 2013). This result was driven by the high rate of occurrence of indigenous forest species in the 44-year-old stand.
    keywords: absence; age; aged; ages; allen; analysis; angiosperm; appendix; arborea; area; basal; biodiversity; bird; brockerhoff; canopy; canopy species; central; chapman; chronosequence; clout; community; composition; conditions; conifer; conservation; cover; data; densities; density; differences; dispersal; distance; ecological; ecology; edge; effects; establishment; et al; exotic; fern; fig; forbes; forest; forest canopy; forest reference; forest species; forestry; greater; growth; harvest; ha–1; height; high; https://doi.org/10.33494/nzjfs492019x45x; important; index; indigenous; indigenous forest; interventions; island; isolated; journal; kinleith; kinleith forest; level; light; long; loss; management; mature; mature forest; mean; mitxelena; natural; natural forest; new; new zealand; non; north; norton; number; ogden; old; older; onaindia; openness; p. radiata; page; par; patterns; percentage; pine; pinus; pinus radiata; plantation; plot; podocarps; predictor; present; proximity; radiata; radiata plantation; reference; regeneration; research; restoration; results; richness; scale; science; seed; seedling; shade; shrub; significant; similarity; site; sources; species; spp; stands; stems; structure; study; successional; survey; table; tawa; total; tph; transmission; tree; understorey; vegetation; woody; year; zealand; zealand journal
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        item: #35 of 47
          id: nzjfs-48
      author: Manley, Bruce
       title: Trends in discount rates used for forest valuation in New Zealand
        date: 2019-06-19
       words: 6382
      flesch: 68
     summary: Conclusions: Overall, it can be concluded that the discount rates implicit in New Zealand forest transactions have declined over time, with the scale of the reduction depending on forest size. Overall, it can be concluded that the discount rates implicit in New Zealand forest transactions have reduced, with the scale of the reduction depending on forest size.
    keywords: analysis; area; available; average; cashflows; crop; data; dataset; different; discount; discount rate; estimate; figure; forest; forestry; ha-1; idr; journal; large; log; m-3; manley; market; medium; model; new; parameter; price; pruned; rate; reduction; results; rse; significant; size; small; survey; table; time; transaction; trends; valuation; value; valuers; years; zealand
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        item: #36 of 47
          id: nzjfs-49
      author: Bolat, Ferhat; Bulut, Sinan; Günlü, Alkan; Ercanlı, İlker; Şenyurt, Muammer
       title: Regression kriging to improve basal area and growing stock volume estimation based on remotely sensed data, terrain indices and forest inventory of black pine forests
        date: 2020-08-01
       words: 5920
      flesch: 57
     summary: Estimation of crown biomass of Pinus pinaster stands and shrubland above-ground biomass using forest inventory data, remotely sensed imagery and spatial prediction models. In forest inventories, a wide range of data types are gathered in terms of forest variables as well as geographical locations.
    keywords: account; area; autocorrelation; bands; basal; black; bolat; conditions; data; density; elevation; environment; error; estimates; estimation; et al; figure; forest; forestry; gsv; ha-1; high; https://doi; index; indices; inventory; journal; kriging; landsat; level; management; mean; methods; metrics; mlr; models; new; nugget; number; observed; page; performance; pine; plot; prediction; region; regression; relative; remote; research; residuals; resolution; results; sample; sampling; satellite; science; sensed; sensing; sentinel-2; site; spatial; square; stand; statistics; sti; stock; study; table; terrain; tree; turkey; validation; values; variables; variance; vegetation; volume; zealand
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        item: #37 of 47
          id: nzjfs-51
      author: Istrefi, Erion; Toromani, Elvin; Collaku, Nehat; Thaci, Bashkim
       title: Allometric biomass equations for young trees of four broadleaved species in Albania
        date: 2019-07-22
       words: 8835
      flesch: 60
     summary: Such allometric equations to estimate tree biomass have been developed for various species growing under different site conditions. Some authors suggest that biomass regression equations developed for a site or region can be used to predict tree biomass in other places (Wirth et al. 2004).
    keywords: aboveground; aboveground biomass; accuracy; agb; albania; allometric; allometric equations; applied; betulus; biomass; biomass equations; biomass models; branch; branches; breast; brma; car; carbon; cas; cerris; classes; coefficient; components; components biomass; data; dbh; dbh2; diameter; different; dry; ecological; ecology; equations; error; estimates; estimation; et al; exponent; foliage; foliage biomass; forest; forestry; height; istrefi; journal; large; management; mean; model; new; number; observed; ornus; page; prediction; proportion; quercus; regression; results; rmse; sampled; sativa; scaling; science; sites; small; species; stands; statistics; stem; study; table; total; tree; tree biomass; tree height; uncertainty; use; values; variables; young; zealand; zianis
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        item: #38 of 47
          id: nzjfs-53
      author: Elíades, Lorena A.; Cabello, Marta N.; Pancotto, Verónica; Moretto, Alicia; Ferreri, Natalia A.; Saparrat, Mario C.N.; Barrera, Marcelo D.
       title: Soil mycobiota under managed and unmanaged forests of Nothofagus pumilio in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
        date: 2019-07-10
       words: 9478
      flesch: 65
     summary: The decay rate in these forests is low and there is no information available on the role of these fungi in ecosystem stability so analysing the responses of the diversity of soil fungi to anthropological interventions is a high priority for understanding how forest management practices affect the ecology of N. pumilio forests and their components. Preliminary studies on the in-vitro conditions of H. cephalosporioides, a fungus with a high frequency in forest soils of N. pumilio in Tierra del Fuego, revealed that its enzyme activity is affected by the temperature of incubation (Elíades et al. 2015).
    keywords: 5–10; area; argentina; ci lli; del; different; diversity; elíades; et al; forest; forestry; fuego; fungal; fungi; growth; harvested; intervention; journal; lin; lli; m s; m uc; m yc; management; martínez; mycobiota; new; ni ci; nothofagus; november; page; pastur; patagonia; pe ni; practices; pumilio; ranch; river; s p.; s pe; samples; sampling; science; september; sites; soil; species; tierra; time; ushuaia; years; zealand
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        item: #39 of 47
          id: nzjfs-54
      author: Berndt, Lisa A.; Brockerhoff, Eckehard G.
       title: Effects of land cover type on carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) of the Canterbury foothills, New Zealand
        date: 2019-12-29
       words: 7432
      flesch: 53
     summary: The relatively small patches of the managed beech, pine forest and pasture habitat types created more edge or boundary habitat where assemblages partly overlap (Koivula et al. 2004) with forest species and open-habitat species potentially ‘spilling over’ into adjacent habitats. Biodiversity in New Zealand plantation forests: Policy trends, incentives and the state of our knowledge.
    keywords: abundance; abundant; adjacent; analysis; anderson; area; assemblages; axis; beech; beech forest; beetles; berndt; biodiversity; brevicula; brockerhoff; canonical; canterbury; carabid; carabidae; coleoptera; composition; conservation; coordinates; cover; differences; disturbance; e.g.; ecology; et al; exotic; foothills; forest; forestry; grassland; ground; habitat; holcaspis; hudsoni; important; indicator; individuals; intermittens; invertebrates; johns; journal; large; larivière; larochelle; management; native; native forest; natural; natural beech; natural forest; new; new zealand; north; nothofagaceae; novis; number; open; oxford; page; pasture; pawson; pine; pitfall; plains; plantation; plantation forest; present; principal; production; proportion; radiata; relative; richness; science; significant; small; solandri; species; study; timber; total; traps; types; vegetation; wardle; woodside; zealand; zealand journal
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        item: #40 of 47
          id: nzjfs-55
      author: Salekin, Serajis; Mason, Euan G.; Morgenroth, Justin; Meason, Dean F.
       title: A preliminary growth and yield model for Eucalyptus globoidea Blakely plantations in New Zealand
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 8184
      flesch: 60
     summary: New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science (2020) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science (2020)
    keywords: appendix; approach; area; available; basal; berrill; bertalanffy; bias; black; blue; clutter; data; dbh; density; deviation; diameter; distribution; dmax; durable; ecology; equation; error; et al; eucalyptus; figure; fitting; forest; forestry; forestry science; frequency; globoidea; growth; ha-1; hay; hectare; height; individual; information; journal; level; line; mae; management; mapress; maximum; mean; measured; measurement; model; modelling; mortality; mth; new; new zealand; number; page; parameters; pinus; plantations; plot; points; polymorphic; precision; prediction; preliminary; press; radiata; range; reineke; relationship; research; residuals; results; richards; rmse; salekin; schumacher; science; sdd; sdi; self; set; site; species; specific; stand; standard; statistics; study; table; thinning; time; tree; validation; values; volume; von; wood; yield; zealand; zealand journal; 𝑌𝑌1; 𝑌𝑌2
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        item: #41 of 47
          id: nzjfs-56
      author: Bairu, Michael; Coetzer, Willem; Assefa, Amelework
       title: Development of an SSR-based DNA fingerprinting method for black wattle (Acacia mearnsii De Wild)
        date: 2020-08-14
       words: 9064
      flesch: 54
     summary: For species like A. mearnsii, which contain high levels of secondary metabolites and polysaccharides, ensuring extraction of high-quality DNA is important for downstream genetic analysis (Sahu et al. 2012; Healey et al. 2014). The modified protocols include the addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), insoluble PVPP, bovine serum albumin (BSA), reducing agents like β-mercaptoethanol or high salt solutions to the extraction buffer (Allen et al. 2006; Varma et al. 2007; Lade et al. 2014; Arruda et al. 2017).
    keywords: 260/230; acacia; adamski; addition; africa; aggarwal; ah2; ah3; ak89; alleles; allelic; amplification; analysis; annealing; bairu; bairu et; biology; breeding; buffer; butcher; concentration; conservation; cross; ctab; data; development; di60; different; diversity; dna; dna extraction; dreamtaq; ecology; estimates; et al; extraction; fast; final; fis; following; forestry; frequencies; genetic; genomic; genotypes; hardy; heterozygosity; high; higher; https://doi; identity; individuals; isolation; journal; kapa2; kit; leaf; leaves; lee; levels; loci; locus; low; markers; mean; mearnsii; metabolites; methods; microsatellite; min; mixture; modifications; modified; molecular; multiplex; nacl; new; number; observed; page; parentage; pcr; peakall; pid; plant; polymorphic; polysaccharides; population; primer; probability; products; protocol; pvpp; quality; quantity; range; repeat; research; resources; richness; samples; science; secondary; seconds; set; sets; south; species; ssr; ssrs; step; studies; study; table; time; tissue; transferability; use; values; variation; weising; zealand
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        item: #42 of 47
          id: nzjfs-74
      author: Todoroki, Christine L.; Lowell, Eini C.; Filipescu , Cosmin N.
       title: Wood density estimates of standing trees by micro-drilling and other non-destructive measures
        date: 2021-06-22
       words: 9304
      flesch: 56
     summary: Christine L. Todoroki1*, Eini C. Lowell2 and Cosmin N. Filipescu3 1 Scion, Titokorangi Drive (formerly, Longmile Road), Whakarewarewa, Rotorua 3010, New Zealand 2 USDA Forest Service, 620 SW Main St. Suite 502, Portland, OR 97205, USA 3 Canadian Wood Fibre Centre, 506 Burnside Road West, Victoria, BC, V8Z 1M5, Canada *Corresponding author: christine.todoroki@scionresearch.com (Received for publication 11 October 2019; accepted in revised form 7 April 2021) Abstract Background: Accurate estimates of wood density are needed by the forest sector to increase value along the tree-to-product value-chain. Wood density is one such desirable property and an important indicator of the quality of solid wood products Introduction Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.)
    keywords: accuracy; accurate; acoustic; adjusted; age; amplitude; assessment; average; bark; best; candidate; data; dataset; dbh; density; destructive; diameter; different; douglas; drill; drilling; effects; error; estimates; et al; explanatory; external; figure; fir; fixed; forest; forestry; greater; https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/57b5/7386b0f5029e60812695c70ac34eb624069b.pdf; increases; index; isik; journal; kg.m-3; mae; mape; mean; measurements; methods; metrics; micro; model; need; new; non; optimal; page; parameters; performance; pine; plots; predictive; profile; quality; r2marg; random; rapid; ray; research; resistance; resistograph; rinn; rmse; sample; science; selection; simpler; site; standardised; standing; stands; statistics; study; table; thinning; todoroki; tools; trees; true; use; values; variables; velocity; wang; wood; wood density; zealand
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        item: #43 of 47
          id: nzjfs-84
      author: Lovatel, Queli Cristina ; Rosa, Gabriel Teixeira da ; Sá, Alexandra Cristina Schatz ; Lopes, Betel Cavalcante ; Tonett, Erasmo Luis ; Dias, Romell Alves Ribeiro ; Pereira, Mariane de Oliveira ; Navroski, Marcio Carlos
       title: Impacts of genetic selection on Sequoia sempervirens mini-cutting rooting and initial growth in the field
        date: 2021-09-04
       words: 5978
      flesch: 53
     summary: Impacts of genetic selection on Sequoia sempervirens mini-cutting rooting and initial growth in the field Queli Cristina Lovatel, Gabriel Teixeira da Rosa, Alexandra Cristina Schatz Sá, Betel Cavalcante Lopes, Erasmo Luis Tonett, Romell Alves Ribeiro Dias, Mariane de Oliveira Pereira and Marcio Carlos Navroski* University of the State of Santa Catarina, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil Corresponding author: marcio.navroski@udesc.br (Received for publication 26 November 2019; accepted in revised form 24 August 2021) Abstract Background: Vegetative propagation from superior individuals allows multiple copies of plants that are genetically identical to the parent plant to be obtained. Among the various genetic parameters estimated in progeny tests, one of the most important is the heritability coefficient, which measures the genetic control existing in a trait, and therefore the breeder’s potential to improve a trait through genetic selection.
    keywords: a116; a117; a136; a138; a140; a228; best; blup; breeding; characteristics; clonal; clones; coefficient; commercial; components; cuttings; days; diameter; dominance; effects; endl; environmental; estimates; et al; experiment; field; forestry; gain; genetic; genotypes; genotypic; growth; height; heritability; high; important; individual; initial; journal; lovatel; material; mean; mini; months; new; number; page; parameters; parcels; pereira; planting; plants; propagation; related; reml; resende; results; rooting; science; selection; sempervirens; sequoia; shoots; species; stem; study; substrate; success; survival; table; total; traits; trees; values; variance; variation; vector; vegetative; water; zealand
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        item: #44 of 47
          id: nzjfs-90
      author: KC, Mohan; Mason, Euan G.; Bown, Horacio E.; Jones , Grace
       title: A comparison between traditional ordinary least-squares regression and three methods for enforcing additivity in biomass equations using a sample of Pinus radiata trees
        date: 2020-10-25
       words: 8291
      flesch: 62
     summary: Additive tree biomass equations for midrotation loblolly pine plantations. These three procedures have been extensively applied for estimating tree biomass around the world (Canga et al. 2013; Návar, González et al. 2004).
    keywords: additive; additivity; agt; bark; beets; best; better; biomass; biomass equations; bole; branch; components; cone; contrast; crown; dry; equations; estimates; estimation; et al; fit; foliage; forestry; forestry science; forests; goodness; ground; independent; intercepts; journal; linadd3; linear; linols; madgwick; mead; methods; modelling; models; mpe; new; new zealand; nonlinear; návar; page; parameter; parresol; pine; pinus; plots; power; procedure; radiata; regression; research; results; rmse; rse; science; stand; statistics; stem; study; subtotals; sur; table; total; transformations; tree; tree biomass; tree-1; values; variables; zealand; zealand journal
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        item: #45 of 47
          id: nzjfs-92
      author: Özşahin, Şükrü ; Singer, Hilal 
       title: Prediction of noise emission in the machining of wood materials by means of an artificial neural network
        date: 2022-04-12
       words: 6350
      flesch: 61
     summary: Durcan and Burdurlu (2018) noted that decreasing the blade number led to higher noise emission, while Çota et al. (2019) reported that noise emission increased with increasing feed speed. Prediction of noise emission in the machining of wood materials by means of an artificial neural network Şükrü Özşahin1 and Hilal Singer2,* 1 Department of Industrial Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey 2 Department of Industrial Engineering, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey *Corresponding author: hilal.singer@hotmail.com (Received for publication 20 January 2020; accepted in revised form 18 March 2022) Abstract Background: Noise produced during machining of wood materials can be a source of harm to workers and an environmental hazard.
    keywords: analysis; ann; ann model; anns; approach; artificial; blades; changes; cutting; data; depth; different; effect; emission; error; et al; experimental; exposure; factors; figure; forestry; hidden; high; https://doi; important; industry; input; international; journal; layer; levels; machining; manufacturing; mape; materials; mdf; measured; methods; model; modeling; network; neural; neuron; new; nodes; noise; noise emission; number; org/10.1016; output; ozsahin; page; parameters; performance; prediction; process; processes; processing; properties; results; rmse; science; singer; species; study; table; testing; training; values; weights; width; wood; workers; zealand; özşahin
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        item: #46 of 47
          id: nzjfs-93
      author: Best, Trevor; Visser, Rien; Conradson, David
       title: Stress, psychosocial factors and the New Zealand forest industry workforce: Seeing past the risk of harm to the potential for individual and organisational wellbeing
        date: 2021-06-21
       words: 10054
      flesch: 42
     summary: Of concern, therefore, is that there are already indications that mental distress is having an impact on New Zealand forest industry workers. Yet rather than managing those psychosocial factors to promote worker wellbeing (Leka et al. 2015), the occupational health and safety frameworks in most developed countries seek to prevent harm by eliminating or minimising the risks to worker health represented by hazardous psychosocial conditions (Chirico et al. 2019).
    keywords: 2010; access; behaviour; best; burnout; business; community; conditions; construction; context; contractor; control; demands; development; distress; ecological; economic; environment; et al; european; factors; family; fatigue; forastieri; forest; forest industry; forestry; framework; harm; hazards; health; home; houghton; hours; https://doi; human; impact; increase; individual; industries; industry; international; interventions; job; journal; leiter; leka; levels; life; lovelock; machine; male; management; manager; maslach; mental; mental health; mortality; nature; negative; new; new zealand; nielsen; number; occupational; operating; organisation; outcomes; outside; owner; page; person; perspective; physical; poor; positive; potential; prevention; productivity; promotion; psychosocial; psychosocial hazards; reduced; relationship; reported; research; resources; review; risk; role; safety; science; settings; significant; specific; stress; study; suicide; support; survey; systems; table; toppinen; väänänen; wellbeing; wellington; work; workers; workforce; working; workplace; world; zealand; zealand forest; zealand journal
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        item: #47 of 47
          id: nzjfs-96
      author: de Oliveira Pitz, Natali ; Sampietro, Jean Alberto ; Tonett, Erasmo Luis ; Ferrari, Luis Henrique ; Casemiro Soares, Philipe Ricardo ; Bonazza, Marcelo ; Alves de Vargas, Daiane; Nicolleti, Marcos Felipe ; Gonçalves Robert, Renato Cesar 
       title: Performance of a whole tree mechanised timber harvesting system when clear-felling a 32-year-old Pinus taeda L. stand
        date: 2021-10-18
       words: 5709
      flesch: 50
     summary: Equations were developed to estimate the productivity of tree extraction activity with a wheeled skidder and log loading with a mechanical loader. For tree extraction activity with the wheeled skidder and log loading with the mechanical loader, multiple linear regression equations were fitted using a stepwise approach to test the effect of different independent variables on PPMH.
    keywords: activities; activity; area; brazil; bunch; chainsaw; conditions; consumption; cutting; cycle; delays; different; distance; effect; element; equipment; et al; excavator; extraction; factors; felling; figure; forest; forestry; grapple; harvester; harvesting; higher; highest; individual; journal; loader; loading; log-1; logs; machine; management; manual; mean; mechanical; medium; movement; new; oliveira; operational; operator; organisation; page; performance; pinus; pitz; pmh0; ppmh; processing; production; productivity; roadside; science; significant; skidder; slasher; slope; small; specific; spinelli; stand; studies; study; system; table; time; tree; values; volume; wheeled; work; zealand
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