Journal of the Oklahoma Native Plant Society, Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007


21
Oklahoma Native Plant Record
Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007

Hoagland, B.W.
https://doi.org/10.22488/okstate.17.100052

UPDATED OKLAHOMA OZARK FLORA
A Checklist for the Vascular Flora of Ozark Plateau in Oklahoma

based on the work of C.S. Wallis
and records from the Oklahoma Vascular Plants Database

Bruce W. Hoagland
Oklahoma Biological Survey and Department of Geography

University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019-0575
e-mail: bhoagland@ou.edu

Charles Wallis’ 1959 dissertation
“Vascular Plants of the Oklahoma
Ozarks” is one of the most important
florisitic works for state botanists and
conservationists. Although a number of
local and county floras for Oklahoma
have been published, only Wallis and C. T.
Eskew (1937) have completed regional
studies. Wallis’s interest in the Ozark
flora began with his 1953 masters thesis,
“The Spermophyta of Cherokee County
Oklahoma,” and subsequent studies in
collaboration with U. T. Waterfall at
Oklahoma A&M (Wallis 1957; Wallis and
Waterfall 1953; Waterfall and Wallis 1962,
1963). This paper has two objectives, to
update the taxonomy of Wallis’s Ozark list
(WOL) and to provide a current Ozark
checklist (OC) by inclusion of records that
did not appear in WOL. Since several
decades have passed since the WOL was
completed, there have been many changes
in the taxonomy of the plants listed.
These updates will enhance the utility of
the WOL for modern users and not
detract from Wallis’s original work.

The OC was compiled by comparing
the updated WOL with the Oklahoma
Vascular Plants Database (OVPD;
Hoagland et al. 2007). Nomenclature for
the OC follows the United States
Department of Agriculture-Natural
Resources Conservation Service (USDA-
NRCS 2007). In the OC, species
introduced to North America were

determined using the USDA-NRCS (2007).
The WOL and OC were summarized

separately following Palmer et al. (1995)
(Tables 1 and 2). The OC was also compared
with the rare species tracking list of the
Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory (2007)
to determine which species of conservation
interest were listed (Table 3).

The WOL consisted of 1,205 species or
1,240 when subspecies, varieties, and hybrids
were added. These taxa belong to 556 genera
in 131 families. In the OC, there were 303
species that did not appear in the WOL, for a
total of 1,508 species. Subspecies, varieties,
and hybrids accounted for 57 additional taxa,
increasing the total to 1,565 taxa. (Note that
the OC does not include Castanea dentata,
Opuntia phaeacantha, and Quercus coccinea species
which appeared in Wallis’s original list. They
have since been annotated to other taxa.)
These taxa belong to 615 genera in 145
families. The most speciose families in the
WOL were the Asteraceae 213, Poaceae 172,
Cyperaceae 104, and Fabaceae 100. The
genus Carex contained the most species (51)
in the WOL, followed by Dichanthelium and
Polyogonum, each with 20 taxa.

There were 134 taxa of non-native plants
or 10.8% of the total taxa in the WOL. There
were an additional 54 non-native taxa in the
OC for a total of 188, or 12.0% of the total
taxa reported. Non-native species occurred in
45 families. The genera with the greatest
number of non-native species were Trifolium
(7 species), Bromus (5), and Polygonum (5).



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Volume 7,Number 1,December 2007

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Seventy-nine taxa tracked by the
Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory
were present in the OC (Table 3). Of
these, 50 were reported by Wallis and 28
were added from the OVPD.
Conservation ranks are assigned to taxa
according to level of imperilment at the
state (S) and global (G) levels on a scale of
1 – 5, where 1 represents a species that is
imperiled and 5 a species that it is secure
(Groves et al. 1995). Fifty-one taxa or
66.4% of those in Table 3 were ranked as
G5 and thus considered demonstrably
secure at the global scale. No taxa were
ranked G1 or G2, indicating imperilment
at the global level. Thirty-one taxa
(39.7%), however, were ranked as S1, 12
as S2, and 19 as S1S2. The higher
percentage of state rare species indicates
that many of these species are at the
western margin of their ranges in eastern
Oklahoma. In Oklahoma, some of
species listed in Table 3 occur only in the
Ozarks, such as Clematis virginiana,
Equisetum arvense (one location in Adair
County), Erigenia bulbosa, Gentiana alba,
Glyceria acutiflora, Heteranthera dubia (one
location in Cherokee County), Physocarpus
opulifolius var. intermedius, Silene regia, and
Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (Cherokee
County only). Castanea pumila var.
ozarkensis and Silene regia are species of
concern and were once candidates for
federal listing as threatened.

Literature Cited

Eskew, C.T. 1937. The flowering plants
of the Wichita National Forest. M.S.
thesis, University of Oklahoma,
Norman.

Groves, C.R., M.L. Klein, and T.F.
Breden. 1995. Natural heritage
programs: public-private partnerships
for biodiversity conservation. Wildlife
Society Bulletin 23: 784-790.

Hoagland, B.W., A.K. Buthod, I.H.
Butler, P. Callahan-Crawford, W.E.

Elisens, and R. Tyrl. 2007. Oklahoma
Vascular Plants Database. University of
Oklahoma, Norman. www.biosurvey.ou.edu
accessed 1 October 2007).

Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory. 2007.
Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory
working list of rare Oklahoma plants.
University of Oklahoma, Norman.
(www.biosurvey.ou.edu/publicat.html
accessed 1 October 2007).

Palmer, M.W., G.L. Wade, and P. Neal. 1995.
Standards for the writing of floras.
Bioscience 45: 339-345.

USDA-NRCS. 2007. The PLANTS Database
National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge,
LA 70874-4490 USA(http://plants.usda.gov
accessed 1 May 2007).

Wallis, C.S. 1953. The Spermatophyta of
Cherokee County, Oklahoma (exclusive of
the Poaceae, Cyperaceae, and Juncaceae).
M.S. thesis, Oklahoma A&M College,
Stillwater, Oklahoma.

Wallis, C.S. 1957. Additions to the
Oklahoma flora from the Oklahoma
Ozarks. Proc. Oklahoma Acad. Sci. 38:
3-5.

Wallis, C.S. 1957. Additions to the Oklahoma
flora from the Oklahoma Ozarks. Proc.
Oklahoma Acad. Sci 38: 3-5.

Wallis, C.S. 1959. Vascular plants of the
Oklahoma Ozarks. Ph.D dissertation,
Oklahoma State University, Stillwater,
Oklahoma.

Wallis, C.S. and U.T. Waterfall. 1953.
Additions to the Oklahoma flora from
Cherokee County. Proc. Oklahoma Acad.
Sci. 34: 124-125.

Waterfall, U.T. and C.S. Wallis. 1962. Some
geographic relationships of the vascular
flora of the Oklahoma Ozarks: Studies in
the composition and distribution of the
Oklahoma flora. Proc. Oklahoma Acad.
Sci. 43: 61-63.

Waterfall, U.T. and C.S. Wallis. 1963. A list
of the vascular flora of the Oklahoma
Ozarks. Proc. Oklahoma Acad. Sci. 44:
11-22.



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Hoagland, B.W.

Table 1 Summary of Wallis’s (1959) floristic list
of the Oklahoma Ozarks. Numbers outside the
parentheses represent the number of species
reported, those within the parentheses represent
the total number of taxa reported, including
subspecies and varieties. The number of hybrids
reported is denoted with an asterisk.

Taxonomic Group Taxa Native
Non-
native

Equisetophyta 0 (1*) 0 (1*) 0

Lycopodiophyta 1 1 0

Pteridophyta 21 21 0

Coniferophyta 2 2 0

Magnoliophyta
1,181
(1,215)

1,047
(1,081) 134

Magnoliopsida 882 (909)
781
(808) 101

Liliopsida 299 (306)
266
(273) 33

Total
1,205
(1,240)

1,071
(1,106) 134

Table 2 Summary of all plants reported from the
Oklahoma Ozarks based upon Wallis (1959) and
data in the Oklahoma Vascular Plants Database.
Numbers outside the parentheses represent the
number of species reported, those within the
parentheses represent the total number of taxa
reported, including subspecies and varieties. The
number of hybrids reported is denoted with an
asterisk.

Taxonomic
Group Taxa Native

Non-
native

Equisetophyta 3 (3; 1*) 3 (3; 1*) 0

Lycopodiophyta 3 3 0

Pteridophyta 31 (32) 31 (32) 0

Coniferophyta 3 3 0

Magnoliophyta

1,481
(1,518;
5*)

1,280
(1,330;
5*) 188

Magnoliopsida

1,082
(1,125;
5*)

945 (983;
5*) 142

Liliopsida 381 (393) 335 (347) 46

Total
1,508
(1,565)

1,321
(1,377) 188

Table 3 Species tracked by the Oklahoma Natural
Heritage Inventory in the Oklahoma Ozarks. This list
is a combination of Wallis (1959) and records from the
Oklahoma Vascular Plants Database. Taxa not
reported in Wallis 1959 are denoted with #. Taxa are
ranked according to level of imperilment at the state (S)
and global (G) levels on a scale of 1 – 5, where 1
represents a species that is imperiled and 5 a species
that it is secure (Groves et al. 1995).

Taxa
G-

rank

S-

rank

Agalinis tenuifolia var. parviflora G5 S2S3

#Agalinis viridis G4 S1

Aletris farinose G5 S1S2

Arabis shortii G5 S1S2

Arnoglossum atriplicifolium
G4
G5 S1S2

Arnoglossum reniforme G4 S1S3

Aruncus dioicus var. pubescens G5 S1S3

Asplenium bradleyi G4 S1

Axonopus fissifolius G5 S1

#Brachyelytrum erectum G5 S1

#Brasenia schreberi G5 S1

Callirhoe bushii G3 S3

#Calopogon oklahomensis G4 S1

Calopogon tuberosus var. tuberosus G5 S1

Carex cephalophora var. cephalophora G5 S2

Carex oklahomensis G4 S2

#Carex oxylepis G5 S2

Castanea pumila var. ozarkensis G5 S2

#Cayaponia grandifolia G4 S1

Cladrastis kentukea G4 S2S3

Clematis virginiana G5 S1S2

#Collinsia verna G5 S1

#Corallorrhiza odontorhiza G5 S1



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Cotinus obovatus G4 S3

#Croton michauxii G5 S1

#Cypripedium kentuckiense G3 S1

Desmodium pauciflorum G5 S1

Dicentra cucullaria G5 S1S2

Draba aprica G3 S1

#Drosera brevifolia G5 S2S3

#Equisetum arvense G5 S1

#Erigenia bulbosa G5 S1S2

Fraxinus quadrangulata G5 S2S3

Galium arkansanum G5 S1S2

#Gentiana alba G4 S1

#Gentiana puberulenta
G4
G5 S1

Glyceria acutiflora G5 S1

Hedeoma pulegioides G5 S1S3

Heteranthera dubia G5 S2

Hexalectris spicata G5 S1S2

Hypericum gentianoides G5 S1S2

Impatiens pallida G5 S2

Iris cristata G5 S2

Iris virginica G5 S2

#Malaxis unifolia G5 S1

#Marsilea vestita G5 S1

#Monotropa hypopithys G5 S1

#Monotropa uniflora G5 S1

#Muhlenbergia bushii G5 S1S2

Neobeckia aquatica G4 S1S3

#Panax quinquefolius
G3
G4 S1

Panicum brachyanthum G5 S2S3

#Perideridia americana G4 S1S2

#Phacelia gilioides G5 S1

Phaseolus polystachios G4 S1

Philadelphus pubescens G5 S2

Physocarpus opulifolius var.intermedius G5 S1S3

#Pilularia americana G5 S1S2

Platanthera lacera G5 S1S2

#Podostemum ceratophyllum G5 S2

Rhamnus lanceolata ssp. glabrata G5 S1

#Rhus lanceolata
G4
G5 S1S2

Rhododendron canescens G5 S2S3

#Ribes missouriense G5 S1

Rorippa teres G5 S1S2

Silene regia G3 S1

Sporobolus vaginiflorus var. ozarkanus G5 S1S2

Symphyotrichum laeve var. laeve G5 S1S3

Symphyotrichum novae-angliae G5 S1

Tilia americana var. americana G5 S1S2

Tilia americana var. caroliniana G5 S1S2

#Tipularia discolor
G4
G5 S1

Tradescantia ernestiana
G3
G4 S?

Tradescantia ozarkana G3 S1S2

Ulmus serotina G4 S2

Urtica dioica G5 S2

Uvularia grandiflora G5 S2S3

Valerianella ozarkana G3 S1



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Appendix: a checklist for the vascular flora of Ozark Plateau in Oklahoma. This list was
compiled from Wallis (1959) with additions from the Oklahoma Vascular Plant Database
(Hoagland et al. 2007). # Indicates species not appearing in Wallis (1959). * Indicates species
that are not native to North America are marked with an asterisk.

EQUISETOPHYTA
Equisetaceae

#Equisetum arvense L.
Equisetum ×ferrissii Clute (pro sp.) [hyemale ×

laevigatum]. Syn. = Equisetum hymenale
L. var. intermedium.

#Equisetum hyemale L.
#Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun

LYCOPODIOPHYTA
Isoetaceae

#Isoetes melanopoda Gay & Durieu ex Durieu

Selaginellaceae
Selaginella apoda (L.) Fern.
#Selaginella rupestris (L.) Spring

PTERIDOPHYTA
Aspleniaceae

Asplenium bradleyi D.C. Eat.
Asplenium platyneuron (L.) B.S.P.
Asplenium resiliens Kunze
Asplenium rhizophyllum L. Syn. =

Camptosorus rhizophyllus (L.) Link.

Dryopteridaceae
Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth ssp.

asplenioides (Michx.) Hultén. Syn. = A.
filix-femina (L.) Roth var. asplenioides
(Michx.) Farw.

#Cystopteris bulbifera (L.) Bernh.
Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. var. fragilis.

Wallis listed forma dentata (Dickson) Clute
Cystopteris tennesseensis Shaver. Syn. = C.

fragilis (L.) Bernh. var. simulans
(Weatherby) McGregor.

Dryopteris marginalis (L.) Gray
Onoclea sensibilis L.
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott
Woodsia obtusa (Spreng.) Torr.

Marsileaceae
#Marsilea vestita Hook. & Grev.
#Pilularia americana A. Braun

Ophioglossaceae
#Botrychium dissectum Spreng.
Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw.
#Ophioglossum crotalophoroides Walt.
#Ophioglossum engelmannii Prantl

Polypodiaceae
#Pleopeltis polypodioides (L.) Andrews &

Windham ssp. michauxiana (Weatherby)
Andrews & Windham

Pteridaceae
Adiantum capillus-veneris L.
Adiantum pedatum L.
Argyrochosma dealbata (Pursh) Windham.

Syn. = Notholaena dealbata (Pursh)
Kunze.

Asplenium trichomanes L.
Cheilanthes alabamensis (Buckl.) Kunze
Cheilanthes lanosa (Michx.) D.C. Eat. Syn. =

C. vestita (Spreng.) Sw.
#Cheilanthes tomentosa Link
Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link
#Pellaea wrightiana Hook.
#Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn var. latiusculum

(Desv.) Underwood ex Heller
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn var.

pseudocaudatum (Clute) Heller

Thelypteridaceae
Phegopteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) Fée. Syn.

= Dryopteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) C.
Christens.

#Thelypteris palustris Schott var. pubescens
(Lawson) Fern.



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CONIFEROPHYTA
Cupressaceae

#Juniperus ashei Buchh.
Juniperus virginiana L.

Pinaceae
Pinus echinata P. Mill.

MAGNOLIOPHYTA
MAGNOLIOPSIDA

Acanthaceae
Dicliptera brachiata (Pursh) Spreng.
Justicia americana (L.) Vahl.
#Ruellia caroliniensis (J.F. Gmel.) Steud. ssp.

ciliosa (Pursh) R.W. Long var. cinerascens
(Fern.) Kartesz & Gandhi

Ruellia humilis Nutt. Syns. = R. humilis Nutt.
var. expansa Fern. and R. humilis Nutt.
var. longiflora (Gray) Fern.

Ruellia pedunculata Torr. ex Gray
Ruellia strepens L.

Aceraceae
Acer negundo L. var. negundo
Acer negundo L. var. texanum Pax
Acer rubrum L.
Acer saccharinum L.
Acer saccharum Marsh.

Amaranthaceae
Amaranthus albus L.
#Amaranthus arenicola I.M. Johnston
Amaranthus graecizans L.
Amaranthus hybridus L.
#Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.
Amaranthus retroflexus L.
Amaranthus spinosus L.
Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer.

Syn. = Acnida tamariscina auct. non
(Nutt.) Wood

Froelichia floridana (Nutt.) Moq. var.
campestris (Small) Fern.

Froelichia graçilis (Nutt.) Moq.
Iresine rhizomatosa Standl.

Anacardiaceae
Cotinus obovatus Raf.

Rhus aromatica Alt. var. aromatica
Rhus aromatica Alt. var. serotina (Greene)

Rehd.
Rhus copallinum L. var. latifolia Engl.
Rhus glabra L.
#Rhus lanceolata (Gray) Britt.
#Rhus trilobata Nutt.
#Rhus trilobata Nutt. var. simplicifolia (Greene)

Barkl.
Toxicodendron rydbergii (Small ex Rydb.)

Greene. Syn. = Rhus radicans L. var.
vulgaris (Michx.) DC. Wallis listed
formas negundo (Greene) Fern. and
vulgaris.

Toxicodendron pubescens P. Mill. Syn. =
Rhus toxicodendron L.

Anonaceae
Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal

Apiaceae (= Umbelliferae)
#Ammoselinum butleri (Engelm. ex S. Wats.)

Coult. & Rose
*#Anethum graveolens L.
Angelica venenosa (Greenway) Fern.
#Bifora americana Benth. & Hook. f. ex S.

Wats.
Chaerophyllum procumbens (L.) Crantz
#Chaerophyllum tainturieri Hook. var.

dasycarpum Hook. ex S. Wats.
Chaerophyllum tainturieri Hook. var. tainturieri.

Syn. = C. texanum Coult. & Rose.
Cicuta maculata L.
Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC.
*Daucus carota L. Wallis listed formas carota

and epurpuratus Farw.
Daucus pusillus Michx.
#Erigenia bulbosa (Michx.) Nutt.
Eryngium leavenworthii Torr. & Gray
#Eryngium prostratum Nutt. ex DC.
Eryngium yuccifolium Michx. var. synchaetum

Gray ex Coult. & Rose
Hydrocotyle verticillata Thunb.
Limnosciadium pinnatum (DC.) Mathias &

Constance
Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC. Syn. =



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Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC. var.
villicaulis Fern.

Oxypolis rigidior (L.) Raf.
#Perideridia americana (Nutt. ex DC.)

Reichenb.
Polytaenia nuttallii DC.
#Ptilimnium capillaceum (Michx.) Raf.
#Ptilimnium nuttallii (DC.) Britt.
Sanicula canadensis L. var. canadensis
Sanicula odorata (Raf.) K.M. Pryer & L.R.

Phillippe. Syn. = S. gregaria Bickn.
Spermolepis divaricata (Walt.) Raf. ex Ser.
Spermolepis echinata (Nutt. ex DC.) Heller
Taenidia integerrima (L.) Drude
Thaspium barbinode (Michx.) Nutt.
Thaspium trifoliatum (L.) Gray var. aureum

Britt. Syn. = T. trifoliatm (L.) Gray var.
flavum Blake.

*#Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link
*Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC.
Trepocarpus aethusae Nutt. ex DC.
Zizia aptera (Gray) Fern.
Zizia aurea (L.) W.D.J. Koch

Apocynaceae
Amsonia illustris Woods.
Amsonia tabernaemontana Walt. var. salicifolia

(Pursh) Woods.
Amsonia tabernaemontana Walt. var.

tabernaemontana
Apocynum androsaemifolium L.
Apocynum cannabinum L. Syn. = A.

cannabinum L. var. glaberrimum A. DC.
and Apocynum cannabinum L. var.
pubescens (Mitchell ex R. Br.) Woods.

Aquifoliaceae
Ilex decidua Walt.

Araliaceae
#Panax quinquefolius L.

Aristolochiaceae
#Aristolochia serpentaria L.
Aristolochia tomentosa Sims
Asarum canadense L. Syn. = A. canadense L.

var. acuminatum Ashe.

Asclepiadaceae
Asclepias amplexicaulis Sm.
Asclepias hirtella (Pennell) Woods.
Asclepias incarnata L. ssp. incarnata
Asclepias obovata Ell.
Asclepias purpurascens L.
Asclepias quadrifolia Jacq.
Asclepias stenophylla Gray
Asclepias sullivantii Engelm. ex Gray
Asclepias tuberosa L. ssp. interior Woods.
#Asclepias variegata L
Asclepias verticillata L.
Asclepias viridiflora Raf. Syn. = A. viridiflora

Raf. var. lanceolata (Ives) Torr. and A.
viridiflora Raf. var. linearis (Gray) Fern.

Asclepias viridis Walt.
Cynanchum laeve (Michx.) Pers.
Matelea baldwyniana (Sweet) Woods.
Matelea decipiens (Alexander) Woods.
Matelea gonocarpos (Walt.) Shinners

Asteraceae (= Compositae)
Achillea millefolium L. var. occidentalis DC.

Syn. = A. lanulosa Nutt. Wallis listed
formas lanulosa and rubicunda Farwell.

Ageratina altissima (L.) King & H.E. Robins.
var. altissima. Wallis listed villicaule Fern.

Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. var. elatior (L.)
Descourtils. Wallis listed forma villosa
Fern. & Griseb.

Ambrosia bidentata Michx.
Ambrosia psilostachya DC. Syn. = A.

psilostachya DC. var. lindheimeriana
(Scheele) Blank.

Ambrosia trifida L. var. texana Scheele
Amphiachyris dracunculoides (DC.) Nutt. Syn.

= Gutierrezia dracunculoides (DC.) Blake.
Antennaria neglecta Greene. Syn. = A.

campestris Rydb.
#Antennaria parlinii Fern.
#Antennaria parlinii Fern. ssp. fallax (Greene)

Bayer & Stebbins
Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Richards
*Anthemis cotula L.
Aphanostephus skirrhobasis (DC.) Trel.
*Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh.
Arnoglossum atriplicifolium (L.) H.E. Robins.



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Syn. = Cacalia atriplicifolia L.
Arnoglossum plantagineum Raf. Syn. =

Cacalia plantaginea (Raf.) Shinners.
Arnoglossum reniforme (Hook.) H.E. Robins.

Syn. = Cacalia muehlenbergii (Schultz-
Bip.) Fern.

*Artemisia annua L.
Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. ssp. ludoviciana.

Syn. = A. ludoviciana Nutt. var.
gnaphalodes (Nutt.) Torr. & Gray

Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. ssp. mexicana
(Willd. ex Spreng.) Keck. Syn. = Artemisia
ludoviciana Nutt. var. mexicana (Willd. ex
Spreng.) Gray

Astranthium integrifolium (Michx.) Nutt.
#Baccharis halimifolia L.
Berlandiera pumila (Michx.) Nutt. var. pumila.

Syn. = B. tomentosa Nutt. var. dealbata
Torr. & Gray.

Bidens aristosa (Michx.) Britt. Syns. = B.
polylepis Blake var. polylepis and B.
polylepis Blake var. retrorsa Sherff.

Bidens bipinnata L.
#Bidens cernua L.
#Bidens discoidea (Torr. & Gray) Britt.
Bidens frondosa L.
Boltonia asteroides (L.) L'Hér. var. latisquama

(Gray) Cronq. Syn. = B. latisquama Gray.
Boltonia diffusa Ell. var. interior Fern. & Grisc.
Brickellia eupatorioides (L.) Shinners var.

texana (Shinners) Shinners. Syn. =
Kuhnia eupatoriodes L. var. ozarkana
Shinners.

*Carduus nutans L.
Centaurea americana Nutt.
*Centaurea cyanus L.
Chaetopappa asteroides Nutt. ex DC.
Chrysopsis pilosa Nutt. Syn. = Heterotheca

pilosa (Nutt.) Shinners
*Cichorium intybus L.
Cirsium altissimum (L.) Hill
*Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.
#Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng.
Conoclinium coelestinum (L.) DC. Syn. =

Eupatorium coelestinum L.
Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. var.

canadensis

Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. var. glabrata
(Gray) Cronq.

Coreopsis grandiflora Hogg ex Sweet var.
grandiflora

#Coreopsis grandiflora Hogg ex Sweet var.
harveyana (Gray) Sherff

Coreopsis lanceolata L. Syn. = C. lanceolata
L. var. villosa Michx.

Coreopsis palmata Nutt.
Coreopsis pubescens Ell. var. pubescens
Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. Wallis listed formas

tinctoria and atropurpurea (Hook) Fern.
Coreopsis tripteris L. Syn. = C. tripteris L. var.

deamii Standl.
*#Cosmos sulphureus Cav.
*#Crepis pulchra L.
Dracopis amplexicaulis (Vahl) Cass.
#Echinacea angustifolia DC.
#Echinacea atrorubens Nutt.
Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt.
Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench
Eclipta alba (L.) L.
Elephantopus carolinianus Raeusch.
Erechtites hieraciifolia (L.) Raf. ex DC. var.

hieraciifolia. Syns. = E. hieraciifolia (L.)
Raf. ex DC. var. intermedia Fern. and E.
hieraciifolia (L.) Raf. ex DC. var. praealta
(Raf.) Fern.

Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers.
Erigeron philadelphicus L. var. philadelphicus
Erigeron pulchellus Michx.
Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd. var. beyrichii

(Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Torr. & Gray ex Gray
Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd. var.

strigosus
#Erigeron tenuis Torr. & Gray
Eupatorium altissimum L.
#Eupatorium hyssopifolium L.
Eupatorium perfoliatum L.
Eupatorium purpureum L.
Eupatorium serotinum Michx.
#Eupatoriadelphus fistulosus (Barratt) King &

H.E. Robins.
Eurybia hemispherica (Alexander) Nesom.

Syn. = Aster hemisphericus Alexander
Euthamia gymnospermoides Greene. Syn. =

Solidago gymnospermoides (Greene)Fern.



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Hoagland, B.W.

Fleischmannia incarnata (Walt.) King & H.E.
Robins. Syn. = Eupatorium incarnatum
Walt.

Gaillardia aestivalis (Walt.) H. Rock var.
aestivalis. Syn. = G. fastigiata Greene.

Gaillardia aestivalis (Walt.) H. Rock var.
flavovirens (C. Mohr) Cronq. Syn. = G.
lutea Greene.

#Gaillardia suavis (Gray & Engelm.) Britt. &
Rusby

*Galinsoga parviflora Cay.
*#Galinsoga quadriradiata Cav.
Gamochaeta purpurea (L.) Cabrera. Syn. =

Gnaphalium purpureum L.
Grindelia lanceolata Nutt. var. lanceolata.

Wallis listed forma lanceolata.
Grindelia papposa Nesom & Suh. Syn. =

Haplopappus ciliatus (Nutt.) DC.
Helenium amarum (Raf.) H. Rock
Helenium autumnale L.
Helenium flexuosum Raf.
Helianthus angustifolius L.
Helianthus annuus L.
#Helianthus decapetalus L.
#Helianthus divaricatus L.
Helianthus ×doronicoides Lam. (pro sp.)

[giganteus × mollis]. Syn. = H.
doronicoides Lam.

Helianthus grosseserratus Martens
Helianthus hirsutus Raf. Syns. = H. hirsutus

Raf. var. stenophyllus Torr. & Gray and H.
hirsutus Raf. var. trachyphyllus Torr. &
Gray.

#Helianthus ×laetiflorus Pers. (pro sp.)
[pauciflorus × tuberosus]

Helianthus maximiliani Schrad.
Helianthus mollis Lam.
#Helianthus nuttallii Torr. & Gray
#Helianthus laetiflorus Pers. var. rigidus

(Cass.) Fern.
Helianthus petiolaris Nutt.
Helianthus salicifolius A. Dietr.
Helianthus tuberosus L.
Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet var. scabra

(Dunal) Fern.
Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby.

Syn. = H. latifolia Buckl.

Hieracium gronovii L.
Hieracium longipilum Torr.
#Hieracium scabrum Michx.
Hymenopappus scabiosaeus L'Hér. var.

corymbosus (Torr. & Gray) B.L. Turner
Hymenopappus scabiosaeus L'Hér. var.

scabiosaeus
Ionactis linariifolius (L.) Greene. Syn. = Aster

linariifolius L.
Iva angustifolia Nutt. ex DC.
Iva annua L. var. annua. Syn. = I. ciliata Willd.
Krigia biflora (Walt.) Blake. Wallis listed formas

biflora and glandulifera Fern.
Krigia dandelion (L.) Nutt.
Krigia caespitosa (Raf.) Chambers. Syn. =

Serinia oppositifolia (Rat.) Kuntze
Krigia occidentalis Nutt.
Krigia virginica (L.) Willd.
Lactuca canadensis L. Syn. = L. canadensis

var. canadensis (Wallis listed formas
angustata Wieg. and canadensis), L.
canadensis L. var. latifolia Kuntze (Wallis
listed formas latifolia and exauriculata
Wieg.), L. canadensis L. var. longifolia
(Michx.) Farw., and L. canadensis L. var.
obovata Wieg. (Wallis listed forma
stenopoda Wieg.).

Lactuca floridana (L.) Gaertn.
Lactuca ludoviciana (Nutt.) Riddell. Wallis

listed formas campestris (Greene) Fern.
and ludoviciana.

*Lactuca serriola L. Syn. = L. scariola L.
Wallis listed formas integrifolia (Bogenh.)
G. Beck and scariola.

#Lactuca tatarica (L.) C.A. Mey. var. pulchella
(Pursh) Breitung

*Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. Syn. =
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. var.
pinnatifidum Lecoq & Lamotte.

Liatris aspera Michx. var. aspera. Wallis listed
formas aspera and benkii (Macbr.) Fern.

Liatris aspera Michx. var. intermedia (Lunell)
Gaiser

#Liatris punctata Hook.
#Liatris punctata Hook. var. nebraskana Gaiser
Liatris pycnostachya Michx. Wallis listed forma

pycnostachya.



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Hoagland, B.W.

Liatris squarrosa (L.) Michx. var. hirsuta
(Rydb.) Gaiser

#Liatris squarrosa (L.) Michx. var. glabrata
(Rydb.) Gaiser

#Liatris squarrulosa Michx.
*#Matricaria discoidea DC.
Oligoneuron nitidum (Torr. & Gray) Small. Syn.

= Solidago nitida Torr. & Gray.
#Oligoneuron rigidum (L.) Small
Packera aurea (L.) A.& D. Löve. Syn. =

Senecio aureus L.
Packera glabella (Poir.) C. Jeffrey. Syn. =

Senecio glabellus Poir.
Packera obovata (Muhl. ex Willd.) W.A. Weber

& A. Löve. Syn. = Senecio obovatus Muhl
var. rotundus Britt.

Packera plattensis (Nutt.) W.A. Weber & A.
Löve. Syn. = Senecio plattensis Nutt.

*#Parthenium hysterophorus L.
Parthenium integrifolium L.
Pluchea camphorata (L.) DC.
#Pluchea odorata (L.) Cass. var. odorata
Polymnia canadensis L. Wallis listed forma

radiata (Gray) Fassett.
Prenanthes aspera Michx.
#Prenanthes altissima L.
Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium (L.) Hilliard &

Burtt ssp. obtusifolium. Syn. =
Gnaphalium obtusifolium L.

Pyrrhopappus carolinianus (Walt.) DC.
#Pyrrhopappus grandiflorus (Nutt.) Nutt.
#Pyrrhopappus pauciflorus (D. Don) DC.
Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl.

Wallis listed formas columnifera and
pulcherrima (DC.) Fern.

Ratibida pinnata (Vent.) Barnh.
Rudbeckia grandiflora (D. Don) J.F. Gmel. ex

DC.
Rudbeckia hirta L. var. pulcherrima Farw.
Rudbeckia laciniata L. var. laciniata
Rudbeckia subtomentosa Pursh
Rudbeckia triloba L. var. triloba
#Silphium asteriscus L.
#Silphium integrifolium Michx. var. integrifolium
Silphium integrifolium Michx. var. laeve Torr. &

Gray. Syn. = S. speciosum Nutt.
Silphium laciniatum L. var. laciniatum

Silphium perfoliatum L.
Silphium radula Nutt. Syn. = S. asperrimum

Hook.
Smallanthus uvedalius (L.) Mackenzie ex

Small. Syn. = Polymnia Uvedalia L. var.
densipilis Blake

Solidago altissima L.
#Solidago arguta Ait. var. boottii (Hook.)

Palmer & Steyermark
Solidago caesia L.
Solidago canadensis L. var. gilvocanescens

Rydb.
Solidago gigantea Ait. Syn. = S. gigantea Ait.

var. leiophylla Fern.
Solidago hispida Muhl. ex Willd.
Solidago ludoviciana (Gray) Small
Solidago missouriensis Nutt. var. fasciculata

Holz.
Solidago nemoralis Ait. var. longipetiolata

(Mackenzie & Bush) Palmer & Steyermark.
Syn. = S. nemoralis Ait. var. decemflora
(DC.) Fern.

Solidago nemoralis Ait. var. nemoralis. Syn. =
S. nemoralis Ait. var. haleana Fern.

#Solidago odora Ait.
Solidago petiolaris Ait. var. angusta (Torr. &

Gray) Gray. Syns. = S. lindheimeriana
Scheele and S. petiolaris Ait. var. wardii
(Britt.) Fern.

Solidago radula Nutt. var. radula
Solidago rugosa P. Mill. ssp. aspera (Ait.)

Cronq. Syn. = S. rugosa Mill. var.
celtidifolia (Small) Fern.

Solidago speciosa Nutt. var. speciosa
#Solidago speciosa Nutt. var. rigidiuscula Torr.

& Gray
Solidago ulmifolia Muhl. ex Willd. var. ulmifolia
Solidago ulmifolia Muhl. ex Willd. var.

microphylla Gray. Syn. = S. delicatula
Small.

*Sonchus asper (L.) Hill. Wallis listed forma
glandulosus Beckh.

Symphyotrichum anomalum (Engelm.) Nesom.
Syn. = Aster anomalus Engelm.

Symphyotrichum cordifolium (L.) Nesom. Syn.
= Aster sagittifolius Wedemeyer ex Willd.
var. sagittifolius.



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Symphyotrichum divaricatum (Nutt.) Nesom.
Syn. = Aster exilis Ell.

Symphyotrichum drummondii (Lindl.) Nesom
var. drummondii. Syn. = Aster sagittifolius
Wedemeyer ex Willd. var. drummondii
(Lindl.) Shinners.

Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) Nesom var.
ericoides. Syn. = Aster ericoides L.

Symphyotrichum laeve (L.) A.& D. Löve var.
laeve. Syn. = Aster laevis L.

#Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (Willd.) Nesom
Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (L.) Nesom.

Syn. = Aster novae-angliae L.
Symphyotrichum oblongifolium (Nutt.) Nesom.

Syn. = Aster oblongifolius Nutt.
Symphyotrichum ontarionis (Wieg.) Nesom.

Syn. = Aster ontarionis Wieg.
Symphyotrichum oolentangiense (Riddell)

Nesom var. oolentangiense. Syn. = Aster
azureus Lindl. var. azureus.

Symphyotrichum oolentangiense (Riddell)
Nesom var. poaceum (Burgess) Nesom.
Syn. = Aster azureus Lindl. var. poaceus
(Burgess) Fern.

Symphyotrichum patens (Ait.) Nesom var.
gracile (Hook.) Nesom. Syn. = Aster
patens Ait. var. gracilis Hook.

Symphyotrichum patens (Ait.) Nesom var.
patens. Syn. = Aster patens Ait. var.
patens.

Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) Nesom. Syn.
= Aster pilosus Willd.

Symphyotrichum praealtum (Poir.) Nesom var.
praealtum. Syn. = Aster praealtus Poir.
var. praealtus.

#Symphyotrichum subulatum (Michx.) Nesom.
Symphyotrichum turbinellum (Lindl.) Nesom.

Syn. = Aster turbinellus Lindl.
*#Tanacetum vulgare L.
*Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers

ssp. officinale
#Thelesperma ambiguum Gray
*Tragopogon dubius Scop. Syn. = T. major

Jacq.
Verbesina alternifolia (L.) Britt. ex Kearney.

Syn. = Actinomeris alternifolia (L.) DC.

#Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) Benth. & Hook.
f. ex Gray

Verbesina helianthoides Michx.
Verbesina virginica L.
Vernonia arkansana DC. Syn. = V. crinita Raf.
Vernonia baldwinii Torr. ssp. baldwinii
Vernonia gigantea (Walt.) Trel. ssp. gigantea.

Syn. = V. altissima Nutt.
Vernonia missurica Raf.
Xanthium strumarium L. var. canadense (P.

Mill.) Torr. & Gray. Syns. = X. italicum
Mor., X. pensylvanicum Wallr., and X.
speciosum Kearney.

Xanthium strumarium L. var. glabratum (DC.)
Cronq. Syn. = X. chinense Mill.

Balsaminaceae
Impatiens capensis Neerb.
Impatiens pallida Nutt.

Berberidaceae
Podophyllum peltatum L.

Betulaceae (=Corylaceae)
Alnus serrulata (Alt.) Willd. Syn. = A. serrulata

(Alt.) Willd. var. vulgaris Spach.
Betula nigra L.
Corylus americana Walt. var. americana.

Wallis listed forma americana.
Ostrya virginiana (P. Mill.) K. Koch var.

virginiana. Syn. = Ostrya virginiana (P.
Mill.) K. Koch var. lasia Fern. Wallis listed
forma glandulosa (Spach) Macbr.

Bignoniaceae
Campsis radicans (L.) Seem.
Catalpa bignonioides Walt.
Catalpa speciosa (Warder) Warder ex Engelm.

Boraginaceae
*Buglossoides arvensis (L.) I.M. Johnston.

Syn. = Lithospermum arvense L.
#Cynoglossum virginianum L.
Hackelia virginiana (L.) I.M. Johnston
Heliotropium convolvulaceum (Nutt.) Gray
*Heliotropium indicum L.
Heliotropium tenellum (Nutt.) Torr.



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Hoagland, B.W.

Lithospermum canescens (Michx.) Lehm.
Lithospermum caroliniense (Walt. ex J.F.

Gmel.) MacM.
Lithospermum incisum Lehm.
Myosotis macrosperma Engelm.
Myosotis verna Nutt.
Onosmodium bejariense DC. ex A. DC. var.

occidentale (Mackenzie) B.L. Turner. Syn.
= O. occidentale Mackenzie.

Onosmodium bejariense DC. ex A. DC. var.
subsetosum (Mackenzie & Bush) B.L.
Turner. Syn. = O. subsetosum Mackenzie
& Bush.

Brassicaceae
*#Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
Arabis canadensis L.
Arabis laevigata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Poir.
Arabis missouriensis Greene
Arabis shortii (Fern.) Gleason. Syn. = A.

perstellata E.L. Br. var. shortii Fern.
*Barbarea vulgaris Ait. f.
*Brassica napus L.
*Brassica rapa L.
*Camelina microcarpa Andrz. ex DC.
*Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.
Cardamine bulbosa (Schreb. ex Muhl.) B.S.P.
Cardamine parviflora L. var. arenicola (Britt)

O.E. Shultz
Cardamine pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd.
Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) Sw. Syn. =

Dentaria laciniata Muhl.
Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt. ssp.

brachycarpa (Richards.) Detling
Draba aprica Beadle
Draba brachycarpa Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray
Draba cuneifolia Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray var.

cuneifolia
#Draba reptans (Lam.) Fern.
Iodanthus pinnatifidus (Michx.). Steud.
Lepidium campestre (L.) Ait. f.
Lepidium densiflorum Schrad.
Lepidium virginicum L. var. virginicum
Lesquerella gracilis (Hook.) S. Wats. var.

gracilis
*Nasturtium officinale Ait. f.
Neobeckia aquatica (Eat.) Greene. Syn. =

Armoracia aquatica (Eat.) Wieg.
Rorippa palustris (L.) Bess. ssp. fernaldiana

(Butters & Abbe) Jonsell. Syn. = R.
islandica (Oeder) Borbas var. fernaldia
Butters & Abbe.

Rorippa palustris (L.) Bess. ssp. hispida
(Desv.) Jonsell. Syn. = R. islandica
(Oeder) Borbas var. hispida (Desv.)
Butters & Abbe.

Rorippa teres (Michx.) R. Stuckey. Syn. = R.
obtusa (Nutt.) Britt.

Rorippa sessiliflora (Nutt.) A.S. Hitchc.
Selenia aurea Nutt.
Sibara virginica (L.) Rollins
*Sinapis arvensis L. Syn. = Brassica kaber

(DC.) L.C. Wheeler var. pinnatifida
(Stokes) L.C. Wheeler.

*#Sisymbrium altissimum L.
*Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. Syn. = S.

officinale (L.) Scop. var. leiocarpum DC.
Streptanthus maculatus Nutt.
*Thlaspi arvense L.

Cabombaceae
#Brasenia schreberi J.F. Gmel.

Cactaceae
#Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf.
Opuntia macrorhiza Engelm.

Callitrichaceae
Callitriche heterophylla Pursh
Callitriche terrestris Raf.

Campanulaceae
Campanulastrum americanum (L.) Small. Syn.

= Campanula americana L. var. illinoensis
(Fresn.) Farw.

Lobelia appendiculata A. DC.
#Lobelia puberula Michx.
Lobelia cardinalis L.
Lobelia inflata L.
Lobelia siphilitica L. var. ludoviciana A. DC.
Lobelia spicata Lam. var. spicata
Lobelia spicata Lam. var. leptostachys (A. DC.)

Mackenzie & Bush
Triodanis biflora (Ruiz & Pavón) Greene. Syn.



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= Specularia biflora (Ruiz & Pavón) Fisch.
& C.A. Mey.

Triodanis lamprosperma McVaugh. Syn. =
Specularia lamprosperma (McVaugh) Fern.

Triodanis leptocarpa (Nutt.) Nieuwl. Syn. =
Specularia leptocarpa (Nutt.) Gray

Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. Syn. =
Specularia perfoliata (L.) A. DC.

Cannabinaceae
*Humulus lupulus L.

Capparidaceae
*#Cleome hassleriana Chod.
#Cleome serrulata Pursh
#Polanisia dodecandra (L.) DC. ssp.

dodecandra
Polanisia dodecandra (L.) DC. ssp.

trachysperma (Torr. & Gray) Iltis

Caprifoliaceae
Lonicera flava Sims
*Lonicera japonica Thunb.
#Lonicera sempervirens L.
Sambucus nigra L. ssp. canadensis (L.) R.

Bolli. Syn. = S. canadensis L. var.
canadensis and S. canadensis L. var.
submollis Rehd.

Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench.
# Triosteum aurantiacum Bickn.
Triosteum perfoliatum L.
#Viburnum molle Michx.
#Viburnum rafinesquianum J.A. Schultes
Viburnum rufidulum Raf.

Caryophyllaceae
Agrostemma githago L.
*Arenaria serpyllifolia L.
Cerastium brachypodum (Engelm. ex Gray)

B.L. Robins.
#Cerastium brachypetalum Desportes ex Pers.
*Cerastium fontanum Baumg. ssp. vulgare

(Hartman) Greuter & Burdet. Syn. = C.
vulgatum L.

*Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. Syn. = C.
viscosum auct. non L.

Cerastium nutans Raf.

*#Cerastium pumilum W. Curtis
*Dianthus armeria L.
Minuartia drummondii (Shinners) McNeill. Syn.

= Stellaria nuttallii Torr. & Gray.
#Minuartia michauxii (Fenzl) Farw. var. texana

(B.L. Robins.) Mattf.
Minuartia muscorum (Fassett) Rabeler. Syn. =

Stellaria muscorum Fassett.
Minuartia patula (Michx.) Mattf. Syn. =

Arenaria patula Michx. Wallis listed formas
media Steyerm. pitcheri (Nutt.) Steyerm.
and robusta Steyerm.

Paronychia canadensis (L.) Wood
Paronychia fastigiata (Raf.) Fern. var. fastigiata
*#Petrorhagia dubia (Raf.) G. López & Romo
*Petrorhagia prolifera (L.) P.W. Ball &

Heywood. Syn. = Dianthus prolifer L.
Sagina decumbens (Ell.) Torr. & Gray
*Saponaria officinalis L.
*#Scleranthus annuus L.
Silene antirrhina L.
Silene regia Sims
Silene stellata (L.) Ait. f. Wallis listed forma

scabrella (Niewl.) Palm. & Steyerm.
Silene virginica L.
*Stellaria media (L.) Vill.

Celastraceae
#Celastrus scandens L.
Euonymus atropurpureus Jacq.

Ceratophyllaceae
Ceratophyllum demersum L.

Chenopodiaceae
Chenopodium album L.
*Chenopodium ambrosioides L. var.

ambrosioides
#Chenopodium berlandieri Moq.
Chenopodium leptophyllum (Moq.) Nutt. ex S.

Wats.
*Chenopodium pumilio R. Br.
Chenopodium simplex (Torr.) Raf. Syn. = C.

hybridum L. var. gigantospermum (Aellen)
Rouleau.

Chenopodium standleyanum Aellen
Cycloloma atriplicifolium (Spreng.) Coult.



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Monolepis nuttalliana (J.A. Schultes) Greene

Cistaceae
Lechea mucronata Raf. Syn. = L. villosa Ell.
Lechea tenuifolia Michx. Syn. = Lechea

tenuifolia Michx.var. occidentalis Hodgdon.

Clusiaceae (= Guttiferae)
Hypericum hypericoides (L.) Crantz ssp.

hypericoides. Syn. = Ascyrum
hypericoides L. var. hypericoides.

Hypericum hypericoides (L.) Crantz ssp.
multicaule (Michx. ex Willd.) Robson. Syn.
= Ascyrum hypericoides L. var. multicaule
(Michx.) Fern.

Hypericum drummondii (Grev. & Hook.) Torr. &
Gray

Hypericum gentianoides (L.) B.S.P.
Hypericum multilum L. Syn. = H. multilum L.

var. parviflorum (Willd.) Fern.
*Hypericum perforatum L.
Hypericum pseudomaculatum Bush
Hypericum prolificum L. Syn. = H.

spathulatum (Spach.) Steud.
Hypericum punctatum Lam.
Hypericum sphaerocarpum Michx.

Convolvulaceae
*Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. ssp. sepium
*Convolvulus arvensis L. Syn. = C. arvensis

L. var. fraterniflorus Mack. & Bush.
*#Ipomoea coccinea L.
#Ipomoea pandurata (L.) G.F.W. Mey.
*#Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth
#Calystegia silvatica (Kit.) Griseb. ssp.

fraterniflora (Mackenzie & Bush) Brummitt
*Ipomoea hederacea Jacq. Syn. = I.

hederacea (L.) Jacq. var. integriuseula
Gray.

Ipomoea lacunosa L.
Ipomoea pandurata (L.) G.F.W. Mey.

Cornaceae
Cornus drummondi C.A. Meyer
Cornus florida L.
Cornus obliqua Raf.

Crassulaceae
Sedum nuttallianum Raf.
Sedum pulchellum Michx.
*#Sedum sarmentosum Bunge

Cucurbitaceae
#Cayaponia grandifolia (Torr. & Gray) Small
Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth
Melothria pendula L.
Sicyos angulatus L.

Cuscutaceae
Cuscuta compacta Juss. ex Choisy
Cuscuta cuspidata Engelm.
Cuscuta glomerata Choisy
Cuscuta gronovii Willd. ex J.A. Schultes
#Cuscuta indecora Choisy
#Cuscuta obtusiflora Kunth
Cuscuta pentagona Engelm. var. pentagona.

Syn. = C. campestris Yuncker.
Cuscuta pentagona Engelm. var. glabrior

(Engelm.) Gandhi, Thomas & Hatch. Syn.
= C. glabrior (Engelm.) Yuncker.

#Cuscuta polygonorum Engelm.

Dipsacaceae
*Dipsacus fullonum L. Syn. = Dipsacus

sylvestris Huds.

Droseraceae
#Drosera brevifolia Pursh

Ebenaceae
Diospyros virginiana L. Syn. = D. virginiana L.

var. pubescens (Pursh) Dippel.

Elaeagnaceae
*#Elaeagnus angustifolia L.

Ericaceae
Rhododendron canescens (Michx.) Sweet
#Rhododendron oblongifolium (Small) Millais
#Rhododendron prinophyllum (Small) Millais
Vaccinium arboreum Marsh. Syn. = Vaccinium

arboreum Marsh. var. glaucescens
(Greene) Sarg.

Vaccinium pallidum Ait. Syn. = V. vacillans



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Torr. var. crinitum Fern.
Vacciniun stamineum L. Syn. = V. stamineum

L. var. interius (Ashe) Palmer & Steyerm.
and V. stamineum L. var. neglectum
(Small) Deam)

#Vaccinium virgatum Ait.

Euphorbiaceae
Acalypha gracilens Gray. Syn. = A. gracilens

Gray var. fraseri (Muell.-Arg. Weatherby
Acalypha monococca (Engelm. ex Gray) L.

Mill. & Gandhi. Syn. = A. gracilens Gray
var. monococca Engelm. ex Gray.

Acalypha ostryifolia Riddell
Acalypha rhomboidea Raf.
Acalypha virginica L.
Argythamnia mercurialina (Nutt.) Muell.-Arg.

var. mercurialina. Syn. = Ditaxis
mercurialina (Nutt.) Coult.

Chamaesyce humistrata (Engelm. ex Gray)
Small. Syn. = Euphorbia humistrata
Engelm. ex Gray.

Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small. Syn. =
Euphorbia maculata L. and Euphorbia
supina Raf.

Chamaesyce missurica (Raf.) Shinners. Syn.
= Euphorbia missurica Raf.

#Chamaesyce nutans (Lag.) Small
Chamaesyce prostrata (Ait.) Small. Syn. =

Euphorbia chamaesyce auct. non L.
Chamaesyce serpens (Kunth) Small. Syn. =

Euphorbia serpens Kunth.
Croton capitatus Michx. var. capitatus.
Croton glandulosus L. var. septentrionalis

Muell.-Arg.
Croton lindheimerianus Scheele
#Croton michauxii G.L. Webster
Croton monanthogynus Michx.
Croton willdenowii G.L. Webster. Syn. =

Crotonopsis elliptica Willd.
Euphorbia corollata L. var. paniculata (Ell.)

Boiss.
Euphorbia cyathophora Murr. Syn. = E.

heterophylla L. var. graminifolia (Michx.)
Engelm.

Euphorbia dentata Michx. Wallis listed formas
cuphosperma (Engelm.) Fern. and dentata.

Euphorbia heterophylla L.
Euphorbia hexagona Nutt. ex Spreng.
Euphorbia marginata Pursh
Euphorbia pubentissima Michx. Syn. = E.

corollata L. var. mollis Millap.
Euphorbia spathulata Lam. Syn. = E.

dictyosperma Fisch. & C.A. Mey.
Euphorbia obtusata (Pursh) Small
Phyllanthus caroliniensis Walt.
Stillingia sylvatica L.
Tragia betonicifolia Nutt. Syn. = T. urticifolia

Michx.
#Tragia urticifolia Michx.
Tragia ramosa Torr.

Fabaceae (=Leguminosae)
Acacia angustissima (P. Mill.) Kuntze var. hirta

(Nutt.) B.L. Robins.
*#Albizia julibrissin Durazz.
Amorpha canescens Pursh
Amorpha fruticosa L. Syn. = A. fruticosa L. var.

angustifolia Pursh, A. fruticosa L. var.
oblongifolia Palmer and A. fruticosa L. var.
tennesseensis (Shuttlew.) Palmer.

#Amorpha laevigata Nutt.
Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fern. var.

bracteata
Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fern. var. comosa

(L.) Fern.
Apios americana Medik. Syn. = A. americana

Medik. var. turrigera Fern.
Astragalus canadensis L.
Astragalus crassicarpus Nutt. var. trichocalyx

(Nutt.) Barneby
Astragalus distortus Torr. & Gray
#Astragalus nuttallianus DC.
Baptisia alba (L.) Vent. var. macrophylla

(Larisey) Isely. Syn. = Baptisia leucantha
Torr. & Gray var. leucantha.

Baptisia australis (L.) R. Br. ex Ait. f. var. minor
(Lehm.) Fern.

#Baptisia bracteata Muhl. ex Ell. var.
leucophaea (Nutt.) Kartesz & Gandhi

Cercis canadensis L. var. canadensis. Wallis
listed formas canadensis and glabrifolia
Fern.

Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.) Greene var.



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fasciculata. Syn. = Cassia fasiculata
Michx. var. robusta (Pollard) Macbr.

Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench ssp.
nictitans var. nictitans. Syn. = Cassia
nictitans L.

Cladrastis kentukea (Dum.-Cours.) Rudd.
Clitoria mariana L.
Crotalaria sagittalis L.
Dalea candida Michx. ex Willd. var. candida
Dalea lanata Spreng
#Dalea multiflora (Nutt.) Shinners
Dalea purpurea Vent.
Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacM. ex B.L.

Robins. & Fern.
Desmodium canadense (L.) DC.
Desmodium canescens (L.) DC.
Desmodium ciliare (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC.
Desmodium cuspidatum (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC.

ex Loud.
Desmodium glutinosum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Wood
#Desmodium illinoense Gray
Desmodium laevigatum (Nutt.) DC.
Desmodium marilandicum (L.) DC.
Desmodium nudiflorum (L.) DC. Wallis lists

formas foliolatum (Farwell) Fassett,
nudiflorum, and personatum Fassett.

#Desmodium nuttallii (Schindl.) Schub.
Desmodium obtusum (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC.

Syn. = Desmodlum rigidum (Ell.) DC.
Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC. var.

paniculatum
Desmodium pauciflorum (Nutt.) DC.
Desmodium perplexum Schub. Syn. =

Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC. var.
dillenii (Darl.) Isely.

Desmodium rotundifolium DC.
Desmodium sessilifolium (Torr.) Torr. & Gray
#Desmodium viridiflorum (L.) DC.
Galactia volubilis (L.) Britt. Syn. = G. volubilis

(L.) Britt. var. mississippiensis Vail.
Gleditsia triacanthos L.
Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch
#Indigofera miniata Ortega
*Kummerowia stipulacea (Maxim.) Makino
*Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl.
*#Lathyrus hirsutus L.
*Lathyrus latifolius L.

Lathyrus pusillus Ell.
Lespedeza capitata Michx.
Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.-Cours.) G. Don
#Lespedeza frutescens (L.) Hornem.
Lespedeza hirta (L.) Hornem.
Lespedeza procumbens Michx.
Lespedeza repens (L.) W. Bart.
Lespedeza stuevei Nutt.
*#Lespedeza thunbergii (DC.)Nakai
Lespedeza violacea (L.) Pers.
Lespedeza virginica (L.) Britt.
Lotus unifoliolatus (Hook.) Benth. var.

unifoliolatus. Syn. = L. americanus (Mitt.)
Bisch. non Vell.

*Medicago lupulina L.
*Medicago sativa L.
*Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. Syn. = M. alba

Medikus.
Mimosa nuttallii (DC.) B.L. Turner. Syn. =

Schrankia nuttallii (DC.) Standl.
Neptunia lutea (Leavenworth) Benth.
Orbexilum pedunculatum (P. Mill.) Rydb. var.

pedunculatum. Syn. = Psoralea
psoralioides (Walt.) Cory var. eglandulosa
(Ell.) Freeman.

#Orbexilum simplex (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray)
Rydb.

#Pediomelum linearifolium (Torr. & Gray) J.
Grimes

Phaseolus polystachios (L.) B.S.P.
Psoralidium tenuiflorum (Pursh) Rydb. Syn. =

P. tenuiflora Pursh var. floribunda (Nutt.)
Rydb.

*#Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr.
Rhynchosia latifolia Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray
#Robinia hispida L.
Robinia pseudo-acacia L.
Senna marilandica (L.) Link. Syn. = Cassia

marilandica L.
Sesbania herbacea (P. Mill.) McVaugh. Syn. =

S. exaltata Raf.
Strophostyles helvula (L.) Elliot
Strophostyles leiosperma (Torr. & Gray) Piper
Strophostyles umbellata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Britt.
Stylosanthes biflora (L.) B.S.P. Syn. = S.

biflora (L.) B.S.P. var. hispidissima (Michx.)
Pollard & Ball.



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Tephrosia virginiana (L.) Pers. Syn. = T.
virginiana (L.) Pers. var. holosericea (Nutt.)
Torr. & Gray.

*Trifolium arvense L.
Trifolium carolinianum Michx.
*Trifolium dubium Sibthorp
*Trifolium hybridum L.
*Trifolium incarnatum L.
*Trifolium pratense L.
Trifolium campestre Schreb. Syn. = T.

procumbens L.
Trifolium reflexum L.
*Trifolium repens L.
*Trifolium resupinatum L.
Vicia caroliniana Walt.
Vicia ludoviciana Nutt. ssp. leavenworthii (Torr.

& Gray) Lassetter & Gunn. Syn. = V.
leavenworthii Torr. & Gray var.
leavenworthii.

#Vicia ludoviciana Nutt. ssp. ludoviciana
Vicia minutiflora F.G. Dietr.
*Vicia sativa L. ssp. nigra (L.) Ehrh. Syn. = V.

angustifolia L. var. segetalis (Thuill.)
W.D.J. Koch.

*Vicia villosa Roth

Fagaceae
Castanea pumila (L.) P. Mill. var. ozarkensis

(Ashe) Tucker. Syn. = C. ozarkensis Ashe.
Quercus alba L. Wallis listed formas alba,

latiloba (Sarg,) Palmer & Steyerm. and
viridis Trel.

#Quercus buckleyi Nixon & Dorr
Quercus falcata Michx. var. falcata
Quercus lyrata Walt.
Quercus macrocarpa Michx.
Quercus marilandica (L.) Muenchh.
Quercus muehlenbergii Engelm. Wallis lists

forma alexanderi (Britt.) Trel.
Quercus nigra L. var. nigra
Quercus palustris Muenchh.
Quercus rubra L. var. ambigua (Gray) Fern.

Syn. = Q. rubra L. var. borealis (Michx. f.)
Farw.

Quercus rubra L. var. rubra
Quercus shumardii Buckl. var. schneckii (Britt.)

Sarg.

Quercus stellata Wangenh.
Quercus velutina Lam. Wallis listed formas

dilaniata Thel., macrophylla (Dippel) Trel.,
and missouriensis (Sarg.) Trel.

Fumariaceae
#Corydalis curvisiliqua Engelm. ssp.

occidentalis (Engelm. ex Gray) W.A.
Weber

Corydalis crystallina Engelm.
Corydalis flavula (Raf.) DC.
Corydalis micrantha (Engelm. ex Gray) Gray
Dicentra cucullaria (L.) Bernh.

Gentianaceae
#Gentiana alba Muhl. ex Nutt.
#Gentiana puberulenta J. Pringle
Sabatia angularis (L.) Pursh
Sabatia campestris Nutt. Wallis listed formas

albiflora D. M. Moore and campestris.

Geraniaceae
*Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Hér. ex Ait.
Geranium carolinianum L.
#Geranium carolinianum L. var.

sphaerospermum (Fern.) Breitung
Geranium maculatum L.
*#Geranium molle L.
*Geranium pusillum L.

Grossulariaceae
#Ribes missouriense Nutt.

Haloragaceae
*Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. Syn. =

M. brasiliense Camb.
Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michx.
Myriophyllum pinnatum (Walt.) B.S.P.

Hamamelidaceae
Hamamelis vernalis Sarg. Syn. = H. vernalis

Sarg. var. tomentella (Rehd.) Palmer.

Hippocastanaceae
Aesculus glabra Willd. var. glabra. Syn. = A.

glabra Willd. var. sargentii Rehd.



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Hydrangeaceae
Hydrangea arborescens L. var. arborescens.

Syn. = H. arborescens L. var. oblonga Torr.
& Gray

Hydrangea cinerea Small. Syn. = H.
arborescens L. var. deamii St. John.

Philadelphus pubescens Loisel.

Hydrocharitaceae
*#Egeria densa Planch.
#Elodea canadensis Michx.

Hydrophyllaceae
Ellisia nyctelea (L.)L.
Hydrolea ovata Nutt. ex Choisy
Hydrophyllum virginianum L.
Nemophila phacelioides Nutt.
#Phacelia gilioides Brand
Phacelia hirsuta Nutt.
Phacelia strictiflora (Engelm. & Gray) Gray var.

robbinsii Constance

Juglandaceae
Carya alba (L.) Nutt. ex Ell. Syn. = Carya

tomentosa (Lam. ex Poir.) Nutt.
Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch
#Carya glabra (P. Mill.) Sweet
Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch
#Carya laciniosa (Michx. f.) G. Don
Carya ovalis (Wangenh.) Sarg. Syn. = Carya

ovalis (Wangenh.) Sarg. var. obcordata
(Muhl. & Willd.) Sarg.

Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch
Carya texana Buckl.
Juglans nigra L.

Lamiaceae (= Labiatae)
Agastache nepetoides (L.) Kuntze
#Blephilia ciliata (L.) Benth.
Clinopodium arkansanum (Nutt.) House. Syn.

= Satureja arkansana (Nutt.) Briq.
Cunila origanoides (L.) Britt.
*Glechoma hederacea L. Syn. = G. hederacea

L. var. micrantha Moricand.
Hedeoma hispida Pursh
Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers.
*Lamium amplexicaule L. Wallis listed formas

albiflorum D. M. Moore and amplexicaule.
*Lamium purpureum L.
*Leonurus cardiaca L.
*Leonurus sibiricus L.
Lycopus americanus Muhl. ex W. Bart. Syn. =

L. americanus Muhl. var. scabrifolius Fern.
Lycopus rubellus Moench. Syn. = L. rubellus

Moench. var. arkansanus (Fresn.) Benner.
Lycopus uniflorus Michx.
*Marrubium vulgare L.
*Melissa officinalis L.
* Mentha ×piperita L. (pro sp.) [aquatica ×

spicata]. Syn. = Mentha piperita L.
*Mentha spicata L.
#Monarda bradburiana Beck
Monarda citriodora Cerv. ex Lag.
Monarda fistulosa L. ssp. fistulosa
#Monarda fistulosa L. ssp. fistulosa var. mollis

(L.) Benth.
Monarda punctata L. ssp. punctata var.

villicaulis (Pennell) Palmer & Steyermark.
Syn. = M. punctata L. var. villicaulis
(Pennell) Shinners

Monarda russeliana Nutt. ex Sims. Syn. = M.
virgata Raf.

*Nepeta cataria L.
*Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton
Physostegia angustifolia Fern.
#Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth.
Prunella vulgaris L. Syn. = P. caroliniana Mill.
#Prunella vulgaris L. var. lanceolata (W. Bart.)

Fern.
Pycnanthemum albescens Torr. & Gray
Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Schrad.
Pycnanthemum verticillatum (Michx.) Pers. var.

pilosum (Nutt.) Cooperrider. Syn. = P.
pilosum Nutt.

Salvia azurea Michx. ex Lam. var. grandiflora
Benth.

Salvia lyrata L.
Scutellaria elliptica Muhl. ex Spreng.
Scutellaria incana Biehler
Scutellaria lateriflora L.
Scutellaria ovata Hill ssp. bracteata (Benth.)

Epling
Scutellaria ovata Hill ssp. ovata
Scutellaria parvula Michx. var. parvula



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#Scutellaria parvula Michx. var. australis
Fassett

Stachys tenuifolia Willd.
Teucrium canadense L. var. canadense. Syn.

= T. canadense L. var. virginicum (L.) Eat.
Trichostema brachiatum L.

Lauraceae
Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume var. benzoin
Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume var. pubescens

(Palmer & Steyerm.)
Rehd.

Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees. Syn. = S.
albidum (Nutt.) Nees var. molle (Raf.) Fern.

Lentibulariaceae
Utricularia gibba L. Syn. = U. biflora Lam.

Linaceae
#Linum berlandieri Hook. var. berlandieri Hook.

var. berlandieri
Linum medium (Planch.) Britt. var. texanum

(Planch.) Fern.
Linum pratense (J.B.S. Norton) Small. Syn. =

L. lewisii Pursh var. pratense J.B.S. Norton
Linum sulcatum Riddell

Loasaceae
Mentzelia oligosperma Nutt. ex Sims.

Loganiaceae
Polypremum procumbens L.

Lythraceae
Ammannia auriculata Willd.
Ammannia coccinea Rothb.
Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. Syn. = C. petiolata

Koehne.
Lythrum alatum Pursh
Lythrum alatum Pursh var. lanceolatum (Ell.)

Torr. & Gray ex Rothrock. Syn. = L.
lanceolatum Ell.

Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne. Syn. = R.
ramosior (L.) Koehne var. interior Fern. &
Grisc.

Malvaceae
*Abutilon theophrasti Medik.

Callirhoe alcaeoides (Michx.) Gray
Callirhoe bushii Fern.
Callirhoe digitata Nutt. var. digitata
Callirhoe involucrata (Torr. and Gray) Gray var.

involucrata
#Callirhoe leiocarpa R.F. Martin
Hibiscus laevis All. Syn. = H. militaris Cav.
Hibiscus lasiocarpos Cav.
#Hibiscus moscheutos L.
*#Hibiscus syriacus L.
*#Hibiscus trionum L.
*Malva neglecta Wallr.
Malvastrum hispidum (Pursh) Hochr. Syn. =

Sidopsis hispida (Pursh) Rydb.
Sida spinosa L.

Melastomataceae
Rhexia mariana L. var. interior (Pennell) Kral &

Bostick. Syn. = R. interior Pennell

Menispermaceae
Calycocarpum lyoni (Pursh) Gray
Cocculus carolinus (L.) DC.
Menispermum canadense L.

Molluginaceae
Glinus lotoides L.
Mollugo verticillata L.

Monotropaceae
#Monotropa hypopithys L.
#Monotropa uniflora L.

Moraceae
Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneider
*Morus alba L.
Morus rubra L.

Nelumbonaceae
Nelumbo lutea Willd.

Nyctaginaceae
Mirabilis albida (Walt.) Heimerl
Mirabilis linearis (Pursh) Heimerl
*Mirabilis jalapa L.
Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM.



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Nymphaeaceae
Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm. ssp. advena (Ait.)

Kartesz & Gandhi. Syn. = N. advena (Ait.)
Alt. f.

Nymphaea odorata Ait. ssp. tuberosa (Paine)
Wiersma & Hellquist. Syn. = N. tuberosa
Ait.

Nyssaceae
Nyssa sylvatica Marsh. Syn. = N. sylvatica

Marsh. var. dilatata Fern.

Oleaceae
#Forestiera acuminata (Michx.) Poir.
Fraxinus americana L.
Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Syn. =

Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. var.
subintegerrima (Vahl) Fern.

Fraxinus quadrangulata Michx.
*Ligustrum sinense Lour.

Onagraceae
#Calylophus serrulatus (Nutt.) Raven
Circaea lutetiana L. ssp. canadensis (L.)

Aschers. & Magnus. Syn. = C.
quadrisulcata (Maxim.) Franch. & Savigny
ssp. canadensis (L.) A.& D. Löve.

#Gaura biennis L.
Gaura longiflora Spach. Syn. = G. biennis L.

var. pitcheri Torr. & Gray.
Gaura mollis James. Syn. = G. parviflora

Dougl. ex Lehm. var. parviflora. Wallis
listed forma parviflora.

Ludwigia alternifolia L. Syn. = Ludwigia
alternifolia L. var. pubescens Palmer &
Steyermark.

Ludwigia decurrens Walt. Syn. = Jussiaea
decurrens (Walt.) DC.

Ludwigia glandulosa Walt. ssp. glandulosa
Ludwigia palustris (L.) Ell. Syn. = L. palustris

(L.) Ell. var. americana (DC.) Fern. & Grisc.
Ludwigia peploides (Kunth) Raven ssp.

glabrescens (Kuntze) Raven. Syn. =
Jussiaea repens L. var. glabrescens
Kuntze.

#Ludwigia repens J.R. Forst.
Oenothera biennis L. var. biennis
Oenothera elata Kunth ssp. hirsutissima (Gray

ex S. Wats.) W. Dietr. Syn. = O. biennis L.
var. hirsutissima Gray.

Oenothera fruticosa L. ssp. fruticosa
#Oenothera grandis (Britt.) Smyth
Oenothera laciniata Hill
Oenothera linifolia Nutt.
#Oenothera spachiana Torr. & Gray
#Oenothera speciosa Nutt.
Oenothera villosa Thunb. ssp. villosa. Syn. =

O. biennis L. var. canescens Torr. & Gray.
Oenothera triloba Nutt.

Orobanchaceae
Orobanche uniflora L.

Oxalidaceae
Oxalis corniculata L. Syn. = O. corniculata L.

var. langloisii (Small) Wieg.
#Oxalis dillenii Jacq.
*Oxalis stricta L. Syns. = O. europaea Jord.

var. bushii (Small) Wieg. and O. europaea
Jord. var. europaea. Wallis listed formas
europaea, pilosella Wieg., and villicaulis
Wieg.

Oxalis violacea L. Syn. = O. violacea L. var.
tricnophora Fasaett. .

Papaveraceae
Argemone polyanthemos (Fedde) G.B.

Ownbey. Syn. = A. intermedia auct. non
Sweet.

*#Papaver dubium L.
Sanguinaria canadensis L. Syn. = S.

canadensis L. var. rotundifolia (Greene)
Fedde.

Passifloraceae
Passiflora incarnata L. Wallis listed formas

alba Waterfall and incarnata.
Passiflora lutea L. Syn. = P. lutea L. var.

glabriflora Fern.

Phytolaccaceae
Phytolacca americana L.
Rivina humilis L.



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Plantaginaceae
Plantago aristata Michx.
#Plantago elongata Pursh
#Plantago heterophylla Nutt.
*Plantago lanceolata L.
#Plantago major L.
#Plantago patagonica Jacq.
Plantago pusilla Nutt.
#Plantago rhodosperma Dcne.
Plantago rugelii Dcne.
Plantago virginica L.
#Plantago wrightiana Dcne.

Platanaceae
Platanus occidentalis L.

Podostemaceae
#Podostemum ceratophyllum Michx.

Polemoniaceae
#Phlox cuspidata Scheele
Phlox divaricata L. ssp. laphamii (Wood)

Wherry. Syn. = P. divaricata L. var.
laphamii Wood.

Phlox pilosa L. ssp. ozarkana (Wherry) Wherry.
Syn. = P. pilosa L. var. ozarkana Wherry.

Phlox pilosa L. var. pilosa
Polemonium reptans L.

Polygalaceae
Polygala ambigua Nutt. Syn. = P. verticillata L.

var. dolichoptera Fern.
Polygala incarnata L.
Polygala sanguinea L.
#Polygala verticillata L.

Polygonaceae
Eriogonum longifolium Nutt.
*#Fagopyrum esculentum Moench
#Polygonum amphibium L.
*Polygonum aviculare L. var. aviculare. Syn. =

P. aviculare L. var. vegetum Ledeb.
Polygonum buxiforme Small. Syn. = P.

aviculare L. var. littorale (Link) W. D. J.
Koch.

*Polygonum convolvulus L.
*#Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. & Zucc.

*Polygonum hydropiper L.
Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. var.

hydropiperoides. Syns. = P.
hydropiperoides Michx. var. bushianum
Stanford and P. hydropiperoides Michx.
var. opelousanum (Riddell ex Small)
Riddell ex W. Stone.

Polygonuum lapathifolium L.
*#Polygonum orientale L.
Polygonum pensylvanicum L. var.

pensylvanicum Syn. = P. pensylvanicum
L. var. laevigatum Fern.

Polygonum persicaria L.
Polygonum punctatum Ell. var. confertiflorum

(Meisn.) Fassett
Polygonum punctatum Ell. var. leptostachyum

((Meisn.) Small
Polygonum punctatum Ell. var. punctatum
Polygonum ramosissimum Michx.
Polygonum sagittatum L.
Polygonum scandens L.
#Polygonum setaceum Baldw.
Polygonum tenue Michx.
Polygonum virginianum L. Syn. = Tovara

virginiana (L.) Raf.
*Rumex acetosella L.
Rumex altissimus Wood
*Rumex crispus L.
Rumex hastatulus Baldw.
*Rumex obtusifolius L.
*#Rumex patientia L.
*Rumex pulcher L.

Portulacaceae
Claytonia virginica L.
Phemeranthus calycinus (Engelm.) Kiger. Syn.

= Talinum calycinum Engelm.
Phemeranthus parviflorus (Nutt.) Kiger. Syn. =

Talinum parviflorum Nutt.
Portulaca halimoides L. Syn. = Portulaca

parvula Gray.
Portulaca oleracea L.
#Portulaca pilosa L.

Primulaceae
*#Anagallis arvensis L.
Androsace occidentalis Pursh



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Hoagland, B.W.

Centunculus minimus L.
Dodecatheon meadia L. ssp. meadia. Wallis

listed formas album and meadia.
Lysimachia ciliata L.
Lysimachia lanceolata Walt.
Samolus valerandi L. ssp. parviflorus (Raf.)

Hultén. Syn. = S. parviflorus Raf.

Ranunculaceae
Anemone caroliniana Walt. Wallis listed

formas caroliniana and violacea Clute.
Anemone berlandieri Pritz. Syn. = Anemone

decapetala auct. non Ard.
Anemone virginiana L.
Aguilegia canadensis L. Syn. = A. canadensis

L. var. latiuscula (Greene) Munz.
Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.
Clematis pitcheri Torr. & Gray
*#Clematis terniflora DC.
Clematis versicolor Small ex Rydb.
Clemiatis virginiana L.
*Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur. Syn. =

Delphinium ajacis L. Wallis listed formas
ajacis and alba R. H. Cheney.

Delphinium carolinianum Walt. ssp.
carolinianum. syn. = D. carolinianum Walt.
var. crispum Perry and D. carolinianum
Walt. var. nortonianum (Mack & Bush)
Perry.

Delphinium tricorne Michx. Wallis listed formas
albiflora Millsp. and tricorne.

Enemion biternatum Raf. Syn. = Isopyrum
biternatum (Raf.) Torr. & Gray

Myosurus minimus L.
Ranunculus abortivus L. var. abortivus
Ranunculus fascicularis Muhl. ex Bigelow Syn.

= R. fascicularis Muhl. ex Bigelow var.
aprica (Greene) Fern.

Ranunculus harveyi (Gray) Britt.
Ranunculus hispidus Michx.
Ranunculus hispidus Michx. var. nitidus

(Chapman) T. Duncan. Syn. = R.
carolinianus DC.

Ranunculus laxicaulis (Torr.& Gray) Darby
Ranunculus longirostris Godr.
#Ranunculus macranthus Scheele
Ranunculus micranthus Nutt.

*Ranunculus parviflorus L.
Ranunculus pusillus Poir.
Ranunculus recurvatus Poir.
Ranunculus sceleratus L. var. sceleratus
Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch. & Avé-Lall. Syn.

= T. dasycarpum Fisch. & Avé-Lall. var.
hypoglaucum (Rydb.) Boivin.

#Thalictrum dioicum L.
Thalictrum thalictroides (L.) Eames & Boivin.

Syn. = Anemonella thalictroides (L.) Eames
& Boivin.

Rhamnaceae
Berchemia scandens (Hill) K. Koch
Ceanothus americanus L. Syn. = C.

americanus L. var. pitcheri Torr.& Gray.
Ceanothus herbaceus Raf. Syn. = C.

herbaceus Raf. var. pubescens (Torr. &
Gray ex S. Wats.) Shinners.

Frangula caroliniana (Walt.) Gray. Syn. =
Rhamnus caroliniana Walt. var. caroliniana
and Rhamnus caroliniana Walt. var. mollis
Fern.

Rhamnus lanceolata Pursh ssp. glabrata
(Gleason) Kartesz & Gandhi. Syn. =
Rhamnus lanceolata Pursh var. glabrata
Gleason.

Rosaceae
Agrimonia parviflora Ait.
Agrimonia pubescens Wallr.
Agrimonia rostellata Wallr.
Amelanchier arborea (Michz. f.) Fern.
#Amelanchier arborea (Michx. f.) Fern. var.

alabamensis (Britt.) G.N. Jones
Aruncus dioicus (Walt.) Fern. var. pubescens

(Rydb.) Fern.
Crataegus coccinioides Ashe
Crataegus crus-galli L.
Crataegus engelmanni Sarg.
#Crataegus intricata Lange
Crataegus mollis Scheele
#Crataegus pruinosa (Wendl. f.) K. Koch
#Crataegus punctata Jacq.
Crataegus reverchonii Sarg. Syn. = C.

reverchoni Sarg. var. discolor (Sarg.)
Palmer.



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Crataegus spathulata Michx.
Crataegus viridis L.
*#Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke
Fragaria virginiana Duchesne
Geum canadense Jacq. var. canadense. Syn.

= G. canadense Jacq. var. camporum
(Rydb.) Fern. & Weath.

Geum vernum (Raf.) Torr. & Gray
Gillenia stipulata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Baill.
Malus ioensis (Wood) Britt. var. ioensis. Syn. =

Pyrus ioensis (Wood) Bailey.
*Malus sylvestris P. Mill. Syn. = Pyrus malus

L.
Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim. var.

intermedius (Rydb.) B.L. Robins.
Potentilla norvegica L.
*Potentilla recta L.
Potentilla simplex Michx. var. simplex
#Prunus americana Marsh.
#Prunus angustifolia Marsh.
#Prunus gracilis Engelm. & Gray
Prunus hortulana Bailey
Prunus mexicana S. Wats. Syn. = P.

americana Marsh. var. lanata Sudsworth.
Prunus munsoniana W. Wright & Hedrick.
*Prunus persica (L.) Batsch
Prunus rivularis Scheele. Syn. = P. reverchonii

Sarg.
Prunus serotina Ehrh.
#Prunus virginiana L.
*#Pyrus communis L.
Rosa carolina L. var. carolina. Syn. = R.

carolina var. villosa (Best) Rehd. Wallis
listed forma glandulosa (Crepin) Fern.

Rosa foliolosa Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray
Rosa multiflora Thunb. ex Murr.
Rosa setigera Michx. var. setigera
Rosa setigera Michx. var. tomentosa Torr. &

Gray
Rubus aboriginum Rydb.
#Rubus argutus Link
Rubus allegheniensis Porter
Rubus bushii Bailey. Syn. = R. fructifer Bailey,

R. ozarkensis Bailey, and R. scibilis Bailey.
#Rubus flagellaris Willd.
Rubus frondosus Bigelow. Syn. = R. pratensis

Bailey.

Rubus mollior Bailey
Rubus occidentalis L.
Rubus oklahomus Bailey
Rubus trivialis Michx.
Sanguisorba annua (Nutt. ex Hook.) Nutt. ex

Torr. & Gray

Rubiaceae
Cephalanthus occidentalis L.
Diodia teres Walt. var. teres. Syn. = D. teres

Walt. var. setifera Fern. & Grisc.
#Diodia virginiana L.
Galium aparine L. var. aparine. Syn. = G.

aparine L. var. vaillantii (DC.) Koch.
Galium arkansanum Gray
Galium circaezans Michx. var. hypomalacum

Fern.
Galium concinnum Torr. & Gray
#Galium obtusum Bigelow
#Galium pilosum Ait. var. pilosum
Galium pilosum Ait. var. puncticulosum

(Michx.) Torr. & Gray
Galium tinctorium (L.) Scop.
Galium triflorum Michx. Wallis listed formas

glabrum Leyend and triflorum.
Galium virgatum Nutt.
Houstonia purpurea L. var. calycosa Gray.

Syn. = Houstonia lanceolata (Poir.) Britt.
Houstonia longifolia Gaertn.
Houstonia pusilla Schoepf. Syn. = H. patens

Ell.
Houstonia purpurea L.
#Houstonia rosea (Raf.) Terrell
#Oldenlandia boscii (DC.) Chapman
*Sherardia arvensis L.
Spermacoce glabra Michx.
Stenaria nigricans (Lam.) Terrell var. nigricans.

Syn. = Houstonia nigricans (Lam.) Fern.

Rutaceae
Ptelea trifoliata L.
#Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill.

Salicaceae
*#Populus alba L.
Populus deltoides Marsh.
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Salix humilis Marsh. var. humilis. Syn. = S.



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humilis Marsh. var. hyporhysa Fern.
Salix interior Rowlee. Wallis listed forma

wheeleri (Rowlee) Rouleau.
Salix nigra Marsh.

Santalaceae
Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. ssp. umbellata.

Syn. = C. richardsiana Fern.

Sapindaceae
#Cardiospermum halicacabum L.
Sapindus saponaria L. var. drummondii (Hook.

& Arn.) L. Benson. Syn. = S. drummondii
Hook. & Arn.

Sapotaceae
Sideroxylon lanuginosum Michx. ssp.

oblongifolium (Nutt.) T.D. Pennington.
Syn. = Bumelia lanuginosa (Michx.) Pers.
var. oblongifolia (Nutt.)
R. B. Clark.

Saxifragaceae
Heuchera americana L. var. hirsuticaulis

(Wheelock) Rosendahl Butters & Lakela
Penthorum sedoides L.
#Saxifraga palmeri Bush
Saxifraga texana Buckl.
Saxifraga virginiensis Michx. var. subintegra

Goodman

Saururaceae
Saururus cernuus L.

Scrophulariaceae
#Agalinis densiflora (Benth.) Blake
Agalinis fasciculata (Ell.) Raf. Syn. = Gerardia

fasciculata Ell.
Agalinis gattingeri (Small) Small. Syn. =

Gerardia Gattingeri Small.
Agalinis heterophylla (Nutt.) Small ex Britt.

Syn. = Gerardia heterophylla Nutt.
Agalinis tenuifolia (Vahl) Raf. var. parviflora

(Nutt.) Pennell. Syn. = Gerardia tenuifolia
Vahl. var. parviflora Nutt.

#Agalinis viridis (Small) Pennell
Aureolaria grandiflora (Benth.) Pennell var.

cinerea Pennell. Syn. = Gerardia
grandiflora Benth. var. cinerea (Pennell)
Cory.

#Aureolaria pectinata (Nutt.) Pennell
Bacopa rotundifolia (Michx.) Wettst.
Buchnera americana L.

Castilleja coccinea (L.) Spreng. Wallis listed
formas coccinea and lutescens Farwell.

#Castilleja indivisa Engelm.
#Castilleja purpurea (Nutt.) G. Don
#Collinsia verna Nutt.
Collinsia violacea Nutt.
Dasistoma macrophylla (Nutt.) Raf. Syn. =

Seymeria macrophylla Nutt.
Gratiola neglecta Torr.
Gratiola virginiana L.
*Kickxia elatine (L.) Dumort.
Leucospora multifida (Michx.) Nutt. Syn. =

Conobea multifida (Michx.) Benth.
*Linaria vulgaris P. Mill.
Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell var. anagallidea

(Michx.) Cooperrider. Syn. = L.
anagallidea (Michx.) Pennell.

Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell var. dubia
Mecardonia acuminata (Walt.) Small var.

acuminata. Syn. = Bacopa acuminata
(Walt.) B.L. Robins.

Mimulus alatus Ait.
Mimulus glabratus Kunth var. oklahomensis

Fassett
#Mimulus ringens L.
Nuttallanthus texanus (Scheele) D.A. Sutton.

Syn. = Linaria canadensis (L.) Dumont.
var. texana (Scheele) Pennell.

Pedicularis canadensis L. ssp. canadensis.
Syn. = P. canadensis L. var. dobbsii Fern.

Penstemon arkansanus Pennell
Penstemon digitalis Nutt. ex Sims
#Penstemon laxiflorus Pennell
Penstemon tubiflorus Nutt.
Scrophularia marilandica L. Wallis listed

forma neglecta (Rydb.) Pennell.
*Verbascum blattaria L. Wallis listed formas

albiflora (Don) House and blattaria.
*Verbascum thapsus L.
#Veronica anagallis-aquatica L.



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Hoagland, B.W.

*Veronica arvensis L.
Veronica peregrina L. ssp. peregrine
Veronica peregrina L. ssp. xalapensis (Kunth)

Pennell. Syn. = V. peregrina L. var.
xalapensis (Kunth) Pennell.

Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.

Simaroubaceae
*#Ailanthus altissima (P. Mill.) Swingle

Solanaceae
*Datura inoxia P. Mill. Syn. = D. meteloides

auct. p.p., non Dunal.
*Datura stramonium L.
Physalis angulata L. Syns. = P. angulata L.

var. lanceifolia (Nees) Waterfall and P.
angulata L. var. pendula (Rydberg)
Waterfall.

Physalis cordata P. Mill. Syn. = P. pubescens
L. var. glabra (Michx.) Waterfall.

#Physalis hederifolia Gray
Physalis heterophylla Nees var. heterophylla
Physalis longifolia Nutt. var. longifolia. Syn. =

Physalis virginiana Mill. var. sonorae
(Torr.) Waterfall.

Physalis missouriensis Mackenzie & Bush
#Physalis pubescens L. var. pubescens
Physalis pubescens L. var. integrifolia (Dunal)

Waterfall
Physalis pumila Nutt.
Physalis virginiana P. Mill. var. virginiana
Solanum americanum P. Mill.
Solanum carolinense L. Wallis listed formas

albiflorum (O. Ktze.) Benke and
carolinense.

Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.
Solanum rostratum Dunal
*Solanum physalifolium Rusby. Syn. =

Solanum sarachoides auct. non Sendtner.
#Solanum ptychanthum Dunal
*#Veronica persica Poir.
*#Veronica polita Fries

Staphyleaceae
Staphylea trifolia L.

Tamaricaceae
*#Tamarix chinensis Lour.
*Tamarix gallica L.

Tiliaceae
Tilia americana L. var. americana. Syn. = Tilia

neglecta Spach.
#Tilia americana L. var. caroliniana (P. Mill.)

Castigl.

Ulmaceae
Celtis laevigata Willd. var. laevigata
#Celtis laevigata Willd. var. texana Sarg.
Celtis occidentalis L. Syn. = C. occidentalis L.

var. pumila (Pursh) Gray.
Celtis tenuifolia Mitt. var. ternilfolia. Syn. =

Celtis tenuifolia Nutt. var. georgiana.
(Small) Fern. & Schub.

Ulmus alata Michx.
Ulmus americana L.
Ulmus crassifolia Nutt.
*Ulmus pumila L.
Ulmus rubra Muhl.
#Ulmus serotina Sarg.

Urticaceae
Boehmeria cylindrica (L. ) Sw. var. cylindrica
Laportea canadensis (L.) Weddell
Parietaria pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd.
Pilea pumila (L.) Gray var. deamii (Lunell)

Fern.
Urtica chamaedryoides Pursh
Urtica dioica L.

Valerianaceae
Valerianella longiflora (Torr. & Gray) Walp.
Valerianella ozarkana Dyal. Syn. = V. bushii

Dyal.
Valerianella radiata (L.) Dufr.

Verbenaceae
Callicarpa americana L
Glandularia canadensis (L.) Nutt.
Glandularia pumila (Rydb.) Umber. Syn. =

Verbena pumila Rydb.
Phryma leptostachya L. Formerly placed in

the Phrymaceae.



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Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene Syn. = L.
lanceolata Michx. var. recognita Fern. &
Grisc.

Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene. Syn. = L. incisa
(Small) Tidestrom

Verbena bracteata Cav. ex Lag. & Rodr.
Verbena halei Small
Verbena hastata L.
Verbena simplex Lehm.
Verbena stricta Vent. Wallis listed formas

albiflora Wadmond and stricta.
Verbena urticifolia L. var. urticifolia
#Verbena urticifolia L. var. leiocarpa Perry &

Fern.

Violaceae
Hybanthus concolor (T.E. Forst.) Spreng.
Viola bicolor Pursh. Syn. = V. kitaibeliana R. &

S. var. rafinesquii (Greene) Fern.
Viola missouriensis Greene
#Viola ×palmata L. (pro sp.) [brittoniana or

pedatifida × affinis or sororia]
Viola pedata L. Syn. = V. pedata L. var.

lineariloba DC.
Viola pedatifida G. Don
Viola pubescens Ait. Syn. = V. pensylvanica

var. pensylvanica.
Viola pubescens Ait. var. scabriuscula

Schwein. ex Torr. & Gray. Syn. = V.
pensylvanica Michx var. leiocarpa (Fern. &
Wieg.) Fern.

#Viola X primulifolia
Viola sagittata Ait.
Viola sororia Willd. Syn. = V. papilionacea

Pursh.
Viola triloba Schwein. var. dilatata (Ell.)

Brainerd

Viscaceae (=Loranthaceae)
Phoradendron leucarpum (Raf.) Reveal & M.C.

Johnston. Syn. = P. flavescens Nutt. ex
Engelm.

Vitaceae
Ampelopsis arborea (L.) Koehne
Ampelopsis cordata Michx.
Cissus trifoliata (L.) L. Syn. = C. incisa (Nutt.)

Des Moulins.
Parthenocissus quinguefolia (L.) Planch.

Wallis listed forma hirsuta (Donn) Fern.
#Vitis aestivalis Michx. var. aestivalis
Vitis aestivalis Michx. var. bicolor Deam. Syn.

= V. aestivalis Michx. var. argentifolia
(Munson) Fern.

Vitis aestivalis Michx. var. lincecumii (Buckl.)
Munson. Syn. = V. lincecumii Buckl. var.
glauca Munson.

#Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Millard
#Vitis palmata Vahl
#Vitis riparia Michx.
#Vitis rupestris Scheele
Vitis vulpina L.

Zygophyllaceae
*Tribulus terrestris L.

Monocotyledoneae
Acoraceae

#Acorus calamus L.

Agavaceae
Manfreda virginica (L.) Salisb. ex Rose. Syn. =

Agave lata Shinners.
Yucca arkansana Trel.
Yucca filamentosa L.
#Yucca glauca Nutt.

Alismataceae
Alisma subcordatum Raf.
Echinodorus cordifolius (L) Griseb.
Sagittaria ambigua J.G. Sm.
#Sagittaria brevirostra Mackenzie & Bush
Sagittaria calycina Engelm.
Sagittaria graminea Michx.
Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Wallis listed formas

hastata (Pursh) Robins. and latifolia. Syn.
= S. latifolia Willd var. obtusa (Engelm.)
Wieg.

#Sagittaria platyphylla (Engelm.) J.G. Sm.

Araceae
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott ssp. triphyllum.

Syn. = A. atrorubens (Ait.) Blume. Wallis
formas virde (Engler) Fern. and zebrinum



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(Sims) Fern.
Arisaema dracontium (L.) Schott

Commelinaceae
*Commelina communis L.
Commelina diffusa Burm. f.
Commelina erecta L. var. angustifolia (Michx.)

Fern. Wallis listed forma crispa (Woot.)
Fern.

Commelina erecta L. var. deamiana Fern.
Commelina erecta L. var. erecta. Wallis listed

formas erecta and intercursa Fern.
Commelina virginica L.
Tradescantia ernestiana E.S. Anderson &

Woods. Wallis listed formas alba Waterfall
and ernestiana.

#Tradescantia hirsutiflora Bush
Tradescantia ohiensis Raf. Wallis listed forma

ohiensis.
Tradescantia ozarkana E.S. Anderson &

Woods.

Cyperaceae
Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) Kunth ex C.B. Clarke

ssp. capillaris. Syn. = Bulbostylis capillaris
(L.) C. B. Clark var. crebra Fern.

Carex aggregata Mackenzie
#Carex albicans Willd. ex Spreng. var. albicans
Carex amphibola Steud. var. amphibola
Carex annectens (Bickn.) Bickn.
Carex austrina Mackenzie
Carex bicknelii Britt.
Carex blanda Dewey
Carex brevior (Dewey) Mackenzie
Carex bulbostylis Mackenzie. Syn. = Carex

amphibola Steud. var. globosa (Bailey)
Bailey.

Carex bushii Mackenzie
#Carex caroliniana Schwein.
Carex cephalophora Muhl. var. cephalophora
Carex cherokeensis Schwein.
#Carex complanata Torr. & Hook.
Carex crawei Dewey
Carex crus-corvi Shuttlw. ex Kunze
#Carex davisii Schwein. & Torr.
#Carex digitalis Willd.
#Carex festucacea Schkuhr ex Willd.

#Carex fissa Mackenzie
Carex flaccosperma Dewey
Carex frankii Kunth
Carex granularis Muhl. ex Willd. Syn. = Carex

haleana Olney.
Carex gravida Bailey var. lunelliana

(Mackenzie) F.J. Herm.
Carex grayi Carey. Syn. = Carex grayi Carey

var. hispidula Gray.
Carex grisea Wahlenb. Syn. = Carex

amphibola Steud var. turgida Fern.
Carex hirsutella Mackenzie
Carex hyalinolepis Steud.
Carex jamesii Schwein.
Carex leavenworthii Dewey. Syn. = Carex

cephalophora Muhl. var. leavenworthii
(Dewey) Kükenth.

Carex laevivaginata (Kükenth.) Mackenzie
#Carex louisianica Bailey
Carex lupuliformis Sartwell ex Dewey
#Carex lupulina Muhl. ex Willd.
Carex lurida Wahlenb.
#Carex microdonta Torr. & Hook.
#Carex molestiformis Reznicek & Rothrock
Carex muehlenbergii Schkuhr ex Willd. var.

enervis Boott.
Carex muehlenbergii Schkuhr ex Willd. var.

muehlenbergii.
Carex normalis Mackenzie
Carex oklahomensis Mackenzie. Syn. = Carex

stipata Muhl. var. oklahomensis
(Mackenzie) Gleason.

Carex oligocarpa Schkuhr ex Willd.
#Carex oxylepis Torr. & Hook.
Carex retroflexa Muhl. ex Willd.
#Carex scoparia Schkuhr ex Willd.
#Carex shinnersii P. Fothr. & Reznicek
Carex shortiana Dewey
#Carex socialis Mohlenbrock & Schwegm.
#Carex squarrosa L.
Carex triangularis Boeckl.
Carex vulpinoidea Michx.
Cyperus acuminatus Torr. & Hook. ex Torr.
Cyperus bipartitus Torr. Syn. = Cyperus

rivularis Kunth.
Cyperus echinatus (L.) Wood. Syns. =

Cyperus ovularis (Michx.) Torr. var.



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ovularis and Cyperus ovularis (Michx.)
Torr. var. sphaericus Boeckl.

Cyperus erythrorhizos Muhl.
*Cyperus esculentus L.
Cyperus flavescens L. Syn. = Cyperus

flavescens L. var. poiformis (Pursh) Fern.
*#Cyperus iria L.
Cyperus lupulinus (Spreng.) Marcks ssp.

lupulinus. Syn. = Cyperus filiculmis Vahl.
Cyperus odoratus L.
#Cyperus reflexus Vahl
#Cyperus retroflexus Buckl. Syn. = Cyperus

uniflorus Torr. & Hook.
#Cyperus setigerus Torr. & Hook.
Cyperus strigosus L. Syn. = Cyperus strigosus

L. var. robustior Britt.
Cyperus strigosus L. var. strigosus
Cyperus squarrosus L. Syn. = Cyperus

inflexus Muhl.
Cyperus virens Michx.
Eleocharis acicularis (L.) Roemer & J.A.

Schultes var. acicularis Syn. = Eleocharis
acicularis (L.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes var.
gracilescens Svens.

Eleocharis engelmanni Steud. Wallis lists
forma englemanni.

#Eleocharis erythropoda Steud.
Eleocharis lanceolata Fern.
Eleocharis macrostachya Britt.
Eleocharis montevidensis Kunth
Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) J.A. Schultes
#Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roemer & J.A.

Schultes
#Eleocharis parvula (Roemer & J.A. Schultes)

Link ex Bluff, Nees & Schauer
Eleocharis quadrangulata (Michx.) Roemer &

J.A. Schultes
Eleocharis radicans (A. Dietr.) Kunth.
Eleocharis tenuis (Willd.) J.A. Schultes var.

verrucosa (Svens.) Svens.
Fimbristylis annua (All.) Roemer & J.A.

Schultes. Syn. = Fimbristylis baldwiniana
(J.A. Schultes) Torr.

Fimbristylis autumnalis (L.) Roemer & J.A.
Schultes

Fimbristylis puberula (Michx.) Vahl var.
puberula. Syn. = Fimbristylis drummondii

(Torr. & Hook. ex Torr.) Boeckl.
Fimbristylis vahlii (Lam.) Link
Fuirena squarrosa Michx.
Isolepis carinata Hook. & Arn. ex Torr. Syn. =

Scirpus koilolepis (Steud.) Gleason.
Kyllinga pumila Michx. Syn. = Cyperus

tenuifolius (Steud.) Dandy.
Lipocarpha drummondii (Nees) G. Tucker.

Syn. = Hemicarpha drummondii Nees.
Lipocarpha micrantha (Vahl) G. Tucker. Syn. =

Hemicarpha micrantha (Vahl) Pax.
Rhynchospora harveyi W. Boott
Rhynchospora macrostachya Torr. ex Gray
Rhynchospora recognita (Gale) Kral. Syn. =

Rhynchospora globularis (Chapm.) Small
var. recognita Gale.

#Schoenoplectus acutus (Muhl. ex Bigelow)
A.& D. Löve var. acutus

Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volk. ex
Schinz & R. Keller. Syn. = Scirpus
americanus Pers. var. americanus.

Schoenoplectus californicus (C.A. Mey.) Palla.
Syn. = Scirpus californicus (C.A. Meyer)
Steud.

Schoenoplectus heterochaetus (Chase) Soják.
Syn. = Scirpus heterochaetus Chase.

Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.)
Palla. Syn. = Scirpus validus Vahl var.
creber Fern.

Scirpus atrovirens Willd.
Scirpus pendulus Muhl. Syn. = Scirpus

lineatus auct. non Michx.
Scleria ciliata Michx. var. ciliata
Scleria oligantha Michx.
Scleria pauciflora Muhl. ex Willd. var.

caroliniana (Willd.) Wood
Scleria triglomerata Michx.

Dioscoreaceae
*Dioscorea oppositifolia L. Syn. = Dioscorea

batatas Dcne.
Dioscorea quaternata J.F. Gmel.
Dioscorea villosa L. Wallis listed formas

glabrifolia (Bartlett) Fern. and villosa.

Hydrocharitaceae
Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) St. John



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Iridaceae
*Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC
Iris cristata Ait.
Iris virginica L. var. shrevei (Small) E. Anders.
Nemastylis nuttallii Pickering ex R.C. Foster
Sisyrinchium angustifolium P. Mill.
Sisyrinchium campestre Bickn. Wallis lists

forma kansanum (Bickn.)
Steyerm.

Sisyrinchium langloisii Greene. Syn. =
Sisyrinchium varians Bickn.

Juncaceae
Juncus acuminatus Michx.
Juncus biflorus Ell.
Juncus brachycarpus Engelm.
Juncus diffusissimus Buckl.
#Juncus dudleyi Wieg.
Juncus effusus L. var. solutus Fern. & Wieg.
Juncus interior Wieg.
Juncus marginatus Rostk.
Juncus nodatus Coville. Syn. = Juncus

acuminatus Michx. var. robustus Engelm.
Juncus scirpoides Lam.
#Juncus secundus Beauv. ex Poir.
Juncus tenuis Willd.
Juncus torreyi Coville
Juncus validus Coville
Luzula bulbosa (Wood) Smyth & Smyth
#Luzula echinata (Small) F.J. Herm.

Lemnaceae
Lemna minor L.
Lemna valdiviana Phil.
Spirodela polyrrhiza (L.) Schleid.
#Wolffia brasiliensis Weddell
#Wolffia columbiana Karst.

Liliaceae
Aletris farinosa L.
Allium canadense L. var. canadense
Allium canadense L. var. lavandulare (Bates)

Ownbey & Aase
Allium canadense L. var. mobilense (Regel)

Ownbey
*#Allium sativum L.

Allium stellatum Fraser ex Ker-Gawl.
*Allium vineale L. Wallis listed formas

compactum (Thuill.) Aschers and vineale.
*Asparagus officinalis L.
Camassia scilloides (Raf.) Cory
Cooperia drummondii Herbert
Erythronium albidum Nutt.
Erythronium americanum Ker-Gawl.
Erythronium mesochoreum Knerr. Syn. =

Erythronium albidum Nutt. var.
mesochoreum (Knerr) Rickett.

#Erythronium rostratum W. Wolf
*Hemerocallis fulva (L.) L.
Hypoxis hirsuta (L.) Coville
Maianthemum racemosum (L.) Link ssp.

racemosum. Syn. = Smilacina racemosa
(L.) Desf. var. cylindrata Fern.

Nothoscordum bivalve (L.) Britt.
*#Ornithogalum umbellatum L.
Polygonatum biflorum (Walt.) Ell. var.

commutatum (J.A. & J.H. Schultes)
Morong. Syn. = Polygonatum
canaliculatum auct. non (Muhl. ex Willd.)
Pursh.

Trillium recurvatum Beck
#Trillium sessile L.
Trillium viridescens Nutt.
Uvularia grandiflora Sm.
Zigadenus nuttallii (Gray) S. Wats.

Najadaceae
Najas guadalupensis (Spreng.) Magnus

Orchidaceae
#Calopogon oklahomensis D.H. Goldman
Calopogon tuberosus (L.) B.S.P. var.

tuberosus. Syn. = Calopogon pulchellus
R. Br. ex Ait. f.

#Corallorrhiza odontorhiza (Willd.) Poir.
Corallorhiza wisteriana Conrad
#Cypripedium kentuckiense C.F. Reed
#Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb.
Hexalectris spicata (Walt.) Barnh.
#Malaxis unifolia Michx.
Platanthera lacera (Michx.) G. Don. Syn. =

Habenaria lacera (Michx.) R. Br.
Spiranthes cernua (L.) L.C. Rich.



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Spiranthes lacera (Raf.) Raf. var. gracilis
(Bigelow) Luer. Syn. = Spiranthes gracilis
(Bigelow) Beck.

Spiranthes tuberosa Raf. Syn. = Spiranthes
grayi Ames.

Spiranthes vernalis Engelm. & Gray
#Tipularia discolor (Pursh) Nutt.

Poaceae (= Gramineae)
*Aegilops cylindrica Host. Syn. = Aegilops

cylindrica Host. var. rubiginosa Popova.
*Agrostis gigantea Roth. Syn. = Agrostis alba

L.
Agrostis elliottiana J.A. Schultes
Agrostis hyemalis (Walt.) B.S.P.
Agrostis perennans (Walt.) Tuckerman
#Agrostis scabra Willd.
#Agrostis stolonifera
*Aira caryophyllea L.
*#Aira elegans Willd. ex Kunth
Alopecurus carolinianus Walt.
Andropogon gerardi Vitman. Syn. =

Andropogon gerardi Vitman var.
chrysocomas (Nash) Fern.

Andropogon ternarius Michx.
Andropogon virginicus L. var. virginicus. Syn.

= Andropogon virginicus L. var.
tetrastachyus (Ell.) Hack.

#Aristida basiramea Engelm. ex Vasey
Aristida dichotoma Michx. var. curtissii Gray ex

S. Wats. & Coult.
Aristida dichotoma Michx. var. dichotoma
Aristida longespica Poir. var. geniculata (Raf.)

Fern. Syn. = Aristida intermedia Scribn. &
Ball.

Aristida longespica Poir. var. longespica
Aristida oligantha Michx.
Aristida purpurascens Poir.
*Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) Makino. Syn. =

Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) Makino var.
cryptatherus (Hack) Houda.

Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl.
*#Avena sativa L.
Axonopus fissifolius (Raddi) Kuhlm. Syn. =

Axonopus affinis Chase.
*Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng. Syn. =

Andropogon ischaemum L.

Bothriochloa saccharoides (Sw.) Rydb. Syn. =
Andropogon saccharoides Sw.

Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.
#Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreb. ex Spreng.)

Beauv.
*Bromus catharticus Vahl.
*Bromus hordeaceus L. ssp. hordeaceus. Syn.

= Bromus mollis L.
*Bromus japonicus Thunb.
Bromus pubescens Muhl. ex Willd.
*Bromus secalinus L.
*Bromus tectorum L.
Cenchrus spinifex Cav. Syns. = Cenchrus

incertus M.A. Curtis and Cenchrus
pauciflorus Benth.

Chasmanthium latifolium (Michx.) Yates. Syn.
= Uniola latifolia Michx.

Chloris verticillata Nutt.
#Chloris virgata Sw.
Cinna arundinacea L. Syn. = Cinna

arundinacea L. var. inexpansa Fern. &
Grisc.

Coelorachis cylindrica (Michx.) Nash. Syn. =
Manisuris cylindrica (Michx.) Kuntze.

*Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.
*Dactylis glomerata L.
Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauv. ex Roemer &

J.A. Schultes. Syn. = Danthonia spicata
(L.) Beauv. ex Roemer & J.A. Schultes var.
longipila Scribn. & Merr.

#Diarrhena americana Beauv.
Diarrhena obovata (Gleason) Brandenburg.

Syn. = Diarrhena americana Beauv. var.
obovata Gleason.

#Dichanthelium aciculare (Desv. ex Poir.)
Gould & C. A. Clark

#Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould &
C.A. Clark var. acuminatum

Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C.A.
Clark var. fasciculatum (Torr.) Freckmann.
Syn. = Panicum lanuginosum Ell. var.
fasciculatum (Torr.) Fern.

#Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould &
C.A. Clark var. lindheimeri (Nash) Gould &
C.A. Clark

Dichanthelium boscii (Poir.) Gould & C.A.
Clark. Syn. = Panicum boscii Poir.



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#Dichanthelium clandestinum (L.) Gould
Dichanthelium commutatum (J.A. Schultes)

Gould. Syn. = Panicum commutatum
Schultes var. commutatum.

#Dichanthelium depauperatum (Muhl.) Gould
#Dichanthelium dichotomum (L.) Gould var.

dichotomum
Dichanthelium latifolium (L.) Gould & C.A.

Clark. Syn. = Panicum latifolium L.
Dichanthelium laxiflorum (Lam.) Gould. Syn. =

Panicum laxiflorum Lam.
Dichanthelium linearifolium (Scribn. ex Nash)

Gould. Syns = Panicum linearifolium
Scribn. var. linearifolium, Panicum
linearifolium Scribn. ex Nash var. werneri
(Scribn.) Fern., and Panicum perlongum
Nash.

Dichanthelium malacophyllum (Nash) Gould.
Syn. = Panicum malacophyllum Nash.

#Dichanthelium oligosanthes (J.A. Schultes)
Gould var. oligosanthes

Dichanthelium oligosanthes (J.A. Schultes)
Gould var. scribnerianum (Nash) Gould.
Syns. = Panicum oligosanthes Schultes
var. helleri (Nash) Fern. and Panicum
oligosanthes Schultes var. scribnerianum
(Nash) Fern.

Dichanthelium ravenelii (Scribn. & Merr.)
Gould. Syn. = Panicum ravenelii Scribn. &
Merr.

Dichanthelium scoparium (Lam.) Gould. Syn.
= Panicum scoparium Lam.

Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon (Ell.) Gould.
Syn. = Panicum sphaerocarpon Ell.

Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon (Ell.) Gould var.
isophyllum (Scribn.) Gould & C.A. Clark.
Syn. = Panicum polyanthes Schultes.

Dichanthelium villosissimum (Nash)
Freckmann var. praecocius (A.S. Hitchc. &
Chase) Freckmann. Syn. = Panicum
praecocius A.S. Hitchc. & Chase.

Digitaria cognata (J.A. Schultes) Pilger. Syn. =
Leptoloma cognatum (Schultes) Chase.

#Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel.
Digitaria filiformis (L.) Koel.
*Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Schreb. ex

Muhl. Syn. = Digitaria ischaemum

(Schreb.) Muhl.
Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.
#Digitaria villosa (Walt.) Pers.
*Echinochloa colona (L.) Link. Wallis listed

forma zonalis (Guss.) Wieg.
*Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.
*Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.
Elymus canadensis L.
Elymus hystrix L. Syn. = Hystrix patula

Moench.
Elymus villosus Muhl. ex Willd.
Elymus virginicus L. var. virginicus. Syns. =

Elymus virginicus L. var. glabriflorus
(Vasey) Bush (Wallis listed formas
australis (Scribn. & Ball) Fern.,
hirsutiglumis (Scribn.) Fern., and
virginicus) and Elymus virginicus L. var.
jejunus (Ramaley) Rydb.

*#Eragrostis barrelieri Daveau
Eragrostis capillaris (L.) Nees
*Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vign. ex Janchen.

Syn. = Eragrostis megastachya (Koel.)
Link.

Eragrostis curtipedicellata Buckl.
*Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees
Eragrostis frankii C.A. Mey. ex Steud.
Eragrostis hirsuta (Michx.) Nees
Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) B.S.P.
Eragrostis intermedia A.S. Hitchc.
Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees ex Steud.
Eragrostis pilosa (L.) Beauv.
Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh) Steud.
#Eragrostis trichodes (Nutt.) Wood
Festuca paradoxa Desv.
Festuca subverticillata (Pers.) Alexeev. Syn. =

Festuca obtusa Biehler.
#Glyceria acutiflora Torr.
Glyceria striata (Lam.) A.S. Hitchc.
Gymnopogon ambiguus (Michx.) B.S.P.
*#Holcus lanatus L.
Hordeum pusillum Nutt.
Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) J.A. Schultes.

Syn. = Koeleria cristata (L.) Pers.
Leersia oryzoides (L) Sw. Wallis listed formas

glabra A.A. Eat. and oryzoides.
Leersia virginica Willd.
Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth ssp. fascicularis



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(Lam.) N. Snow. Syn. = Diplachne
fascicularis (Lam.) Beauv.

Leptochloa panicea (Retz.) Ohwi ssp. brachiata
(Steudl.) N. Snow. Syn. = Leptochloa
filiformis (Lam.) Beauv.

*Lolium perenne L. ssp. multiflorum (Lam.)
Husnot. Syn. = Lolium multiflorum Lam.

#Melica mutica Walt.
Melica nitens (Scribn.) Nutt. ex Piper
*#Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus
#Muhlenbergia bushii Pohl
Muhlenbergia capillaris (Lam.) Trin.
#Muhlenbergia frondosa (Poir.) Fern.
Muhlenbergia schreberi J.F. Gmel.
Muhlenbergia sobolifera (Muhl. ex Willd.) Trin.
Muhlenbergia sylvatica Torr. ex Gray
#Muhlenbergia tenuiflora (Willd.) B.S.P.
Nassella leucotricha (Trin. & Rupr.) Pohl. Syn.

= Stipa leucotricha Trin. & Rupr.
Neeragrostis reptans (Michx.) Nicora
Panicum anceps Michx.
Panicum brachyanthum Steud.
Panicum capillare L. var. capillare
Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. var.

dichotomiflorum
Panicum flexile (Gattinger) Scribn.
#Panicum obtusum Kunth
#Panicum philadelphicum Bernh. ex Trin.
Panicum rigidulum Bosc ex Nees var.

rigidulum. Syn. = Panicum agrostoides
Spreng. var. agrostoides.

Panicum virgatum L.
Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) A. Löve. Syn. =

Agropyron smithii Rydb. var. smithii.
#Paspalidium geminatum (Forsk.) Stapf
*Paspalum dilatatum Poir.
Paspalum floridanum Michx. Syn. = Paspalum

floridanum Michx var. glabratum Engelm.
Paspalum fluitans (Ell.) Kunth
Paspalum laeve Michx. Syn. = Paspalum

laeve Michx var. pilosum Scribn.
Paspalum pubiflorum Rupr. ex Fourn. Syn. =

Paspalum pubiflora Rupr. var. glabrum
Vasey ex Scribn.

Paspalum setaceum Michx. Syn. = Paspalum
ciliatifolium Michx. var. ciliatifolium and
Paspalum ciliatifolium Michx. var.

muehlenbergii (Nash) Fern.
Phalaris caroliniana Walt.
*#Phleum pretense L.
*Poa annua L.
#Poa champaniana Scribn.
Poa pratensis L.
Poa sylvestris Gray
Polypogon interruptus Kunth
Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Trel.
*#Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub
*#Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) Beauv.
Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash. Syn.

= Andropogon scoparius Michx.
#Setaria leucopila (Scribn. & Merr.) K. Schum.
Setaria parviflora (Poir.) Kerguélen. Syn. =

Setaria geniculata auct. non (Wild.) Beauv.
*Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes

ssp. pumila. Syn. = Setaria glauca (L.)
Beauv.

*Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.
Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash
*Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.
Spartina pectinata Bosc ex Link. Syn. =

Spartina pectinata Bosc ex Link var. suttiei
(Farw.) Fern.

Sphenopholis filiformis (Chapman) Scribn.
Sphenopholis intermedia (Rydb.) Rydb.
Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. Syn. =

Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn.
var. lobata (Trin.) scribn. Wallis listed
forma lobata.

Sporobolus clandestinus (Biehler) A.S. Hitchc.
Syn. = Sporobolus canovirens Nash.

Sporobolus compositus (Poir.) Merr. var.
compositus. Syn. = Sporobolus asper
(Beauv.) Kunth var. hookeri (Trin.) Vasey.

#Sporobolus compositus (Poir.) Merr. var.
drummondii (Trin.) Kartesz & Gandhi

Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray
Sporobolus heterolepis (Gray) Gray
Sporobolus vaginiflorus (Torr. ex Gray) Wood

var. vaginiflorus
#Sporobolus vaginiflorus (Torr. ex Gray) Wood

var. ozarkanus (Fern.) Shinners
Steinchisma hians (Ell.) Nash. Syn. = Panicum

hians Ell.
Tridens muticus (Torr.) Nash var. elongatus



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(Buckl.) Shinners. Syn. = Triodia elongata
(Buckl.) Scribn.

Tridens flavus (L.) A.S. Hitchc. Syn. = Triodia
flava (L.) Smyth.

Tridens strictus (Nutt.) Nash. Syn. = Triodia
stricta (Nutt.) Benth. ex Vasey.

Triplasis purpurea (Walt.) Chapman
Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.
*Triticum aestivum L.
#Urochloa platyphylla (Munro ex Wright) R.

Webster
*Vulpia myuros (L.) K.C. Gmel.
Vulpia octoflora (Walt.) Rydb.
#Zizaniopsis miliacea (Michx.) Doell & Aschers.

Pontederiaceae
#Heteranthera dubia (Jacq.) MacM.
Heteranthera limosa (Sw.) Wild.

Potamogetonaceae (= Zosteraceae)
*Potamogeton crispus L.
Potamogeton diversifolius Raf.
Potamogeton foliosus Raf. ssp. foliosus
Potamogeton nodosus Poir.

Smilacaceae
Smilax bona-nox L. Syn. = Smilax bona-nox L.

var. hastata (Willd.) A. DC. and Smilax
bona-nox L. var. hederifolia (Bey.) Fern.

#Smilax ecirrata (Engelm. ex Kunth) S. Wats.
Smilax glauca Walt. Syn. = Smilax glauca

Walt. var. leucophylla Blake.
#Smilax herbacea L.
Smilax lasioneura Hook.
Smilax pulverulenta Michx.
#Smilax rotundifolia L.
Smilax tamnoides L. Syn. = Smilax tamnoides

L. var. hispida (Muhl. ex Torr.) Fern.

Sparganiaceae
#Sparganium americanum Nutt.
Sparganium androcladum (Engelm.) Morong

Typhaceae
*Typha angustifolia L.
Typha domingensis Pers.
Typha latifolia L. Wallis listed formas ambigua

(Sonder) Kronf. and latifolia.

Zannichelliaceae
Zannichellia palustris L. Formerly a member of

the Zosteraceae.