Journal of the Oklahoma Native Plant Society, Volume 8, Number 1, December 2008 45 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 8, Number 1, December 2008 Carter, et al. https://doi.org/10.22488/okstate.17.100061 An Updated Flora of the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge Keith A. Carter, Pablo Rodriguez, and Michael T. Dunn 1. Department of Biological Sciences, Cameron University, Lawton, Oklahoma 73505 1 Author for correspondence: Phone 580-581-2287; E-mail: michaeld@cameron.edu The herbarium collections of the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge have been transferred to the Cameron University Herbarium (CAMU) so that they could be safely curated, and electronically databased and still remain accessible to refuge personnel while for the first time becoming readily available to other interested researchers. This paper is a report on the initial inventory of the specimens. The 1784 specimen collection includes 101 families, 339 genera, and 634 species that have been physically repaired and taxonomically updated as needed, accessioned into the CAMU collections, and entered into the Specify Database. INTRODUCTION The Wichita Mountains are some of the oldest exposed mountains in the world and because the area was too rocky to plow, they formed a natural refugium that preserved what is arguably the largest remaining intact tract of southern mixed-grass prairie in existence. The mountains were part of the Kiowa-Comanche-Apache Reservation in the late 19th Century. When the reservation was opened to settlement in 1901, the land was set aside by the federal government. Originally administered by the Department of the Interior, jurisdiction was transferred to the Forest Service in 1905, and in 1935 management of the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge (WMWR) was transferred to what is now the Fish and Wildlife Service (Morgan, 1973). In 1907 bison were reintroduced to the Refuge and in 1927 Congress issued a mandate to preserve the bloodline of Texas Longhorn Cattle. Elk, which had been extirpated by 1875 were transplanted from Jackson Hole, Wyoming, and today in addition to the buffalo, longhorn cattle, and elk that get most of the public’s attention, the refuge is home to over 50 mammal species including prairie dogs, coyotes, bobcats, and mountain lions (Tyler, 2005). In addition, over 240 bird, 64 reptile and amphibian, and 36 fish species have been identified. Eight hundred and six vascular plants have been identified at the WMWR (Eskew, 1938; Osborn and Allan, 1949; Buck, 1977). Much of the natural history of the Refuge is recorded in herbarium collections that were housed in the basement of the headquarters building. In 2005, refuge management recognized the need to protect the specimens, and make the data available to the scientific community as well as the general public, but still keep the data accessible to Refuge biologists and technicians. The only facility that met all of the criteria was the Cameron University Herbarium (CAMU), and in 2006 the specimens were transferred to CAMU as a permanent loan. In 2008 The National Science Foundation (NSF) provided funding to procure additional cabinets and equipment and to hire student workers to enter the specimens into the Specify Database. This paper is the first report of the inventory of these specimens and will serve as a benchmark for future studies that will update the complete flora of the Refuge. The 23,885 hectare Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge is located in northwestern Comanche County, Oklahoma (Fig.), ranging from 34°41’N to 34°50’N and 98°48’30”W to 98°30’30”W. Elevation ranges from 404 m (1330 ft) where Cache Creek crosses the WMWR southern boundary to 756 m (2479 ft) at the summit of Mt. Pinchot. The mountains themselves are predominantly Cambrian igneous rock and the surrounding 46 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 8, Number 1, December 2008 Carter, et al. plains are predominantly Permian sedimentary rock (Price and Gilbert, 1996). The ecoregion is categorized as Great Plains Steppe Shrub Province (Bailey, 1995) or Central Great Plains (Woods et al., 2005) and receives on average 86.84 cm (34.19 in) of precipitation annually, with May the wettest month (mean 13.03 cm [5.13 in]) and January the driest (mean 3.50 cm [1.38 in]). Mean annual temperature is 22.220C (72.00F) (Oklahoma Climatological Survey, 2007). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 1784 specimens were accepted as a permanent loan from WMWR to CAMU in June 2006. NSF-Biological Research Collections funds were awarded in 2008 and were used to purchase new herbarium cabinets and begin curation during that summer. Specimens were first triaged for damage and physically repaired as necessary. Preliminary identification and taxonomic updating were the responsibility of KAC. Specimens were then entered into the Specify database by KAC and PR. All identifications and taxonomic updates were then verified by MTD before annotations were added and specimens were fumigated and curated into separate color coded genus folders. Because taxonomy for many of the specimens is ambiguous and no completed treatment of the flora of Oklahoma was broadly accepted, a combination of McGregor et al., (1986), Diggs et al (1999) and Judd et al., (2008) was used to update the taxonomy of the specimens (details available upon request). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Three of the 1784 specimens were collected outside the WMWR proper but all three have duplicates collected on the Refuge. The collection includes 101 families, 339 genera, and 634 species (Appendix), including: 1 family of Charophyceans, 6 families of seedless vascular plants, 2 gymnosperm families, 1 basal angiosperm, 16 monocot families and 75 Eudicot families. The largest families are Asteraceae with 88 species and Poaceae with 99 species. The largest monocot genera are Carex and Eragrostis with 12 species each. The largest herbaceous and woody eudicots are respectively Polygonum with nine and Quercus with eight species each. Now that these preliminary data have been compiled, we hope to expand the project by updating the taxonomy of the classic Buck (1977) report on the flora of WMWR to enable direct comparison with this assemblage, quantify the percentage of exotics in the collections, and with the permission of WMWR biologists and administrators, begin surveying the Refuge for some of the rarer plants in the collection to identify those taxa in danger of extirpation. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to acknowledge NSF-DBI- BRC Grant 0749657 for funding this research, and Sam Waldstein (former Refuge Manager), Ralph Bryant acting Refuge Manager (2006), Jeff Rupert (Refuge Manager) and Walter Munsterman (Wildlife Biologist) for their support of this project. In addition, Donna Lohr, Amber Roy, and Tom Sodhi assisted as student researchers. REFERENCES Bailey RG 1995. Description of the Ecoregions of the United States. www.fs.fed.us/land/ecosysmgmt/index .html Buck P 1977. Vascular Plants of the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge 1977. Unpublished informational handout of the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge. Reprinted in: Oklahoma Native Plant Record, 2 (1): 4-21, 2002. Diggs GM Jr., Lipscomb BL, and O’Kennon RJ. 1999. Shinners & Mahler’s Illustrated Flora of North Central Texas. Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Fort Worth, TX: 1626p. Eskew CT 1939. The flowering plants of the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma. American Midland Naturalist, 20: 695-703. Judd WS, Campbell CS, Kellogg EA, Stevens PF, and Donoghue MJ. 2008. Plant Systematics, A Phylogenetic Approach, 3rd Ed., Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts: 611p. 47 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 8, Number 1, December 2008 Carter, et al. McGregor RL, Barkley TM, Brooks RE, and Schofield EK. 1986. Flora of the Great Plains. University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas: 1402p. Morgan EB, 1973. The Wichita Mountains, Ancient Oasis of the Prairies. Texan Press, Waco, Texas: 253p. Oklahoma Climatological Survey. 2007. Oklahoma Climatological Data. University of Oklahoma, Norman. (www.ocs.ou.edu). Osborn B and Allan PF. 1949. Vegetation of an abandoned prairie dog town in tall- grass prairie. Ecology, 30:322-332. Price JD and Gilbert MC. 1996. Geologic Map of the Mount Scott Area, Eastern Wichita Mountains, Oklahoma. U.S.G.S. National Cooperative Mapping Program. Specify Software Project, Biodiversity Research Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045. www.specifysoftware.org Tyler JD 2005. Birds of Southwestern Oklahoma and North Central Texas. Transcript Press Norman, Oklahoma: 119p. Woods AJ, Omernik JM, Butler DR, Ford JG, Henley JE, Hoagland BW, Arndt DS, and Moran BC. 2005. Ecoregions of Oklahoma (Color photo with map, descriptive text, summary tables, and photographs). U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. Figure Location of Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge, Comanche County, Oklahoma 48 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 8, Number 1, December 2008 Carter, et al. APPENDIX GREEN ALGAE Characeae Chara vulgaris L. SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS Isoetaceae Isoetes melanopoda Gay & Dur. Equisetaceae Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun Aspleneaceae Asplenium trichomanes L. Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris marginalis (L.) A. Gray Woodsia obtusa (Spreng.) Torr. Marsileaceae Pilularia americana A. Braun Marsilea vestita Hood. and Grev. Pteridaceae Cheilanthes eatoni Baker Cheilanthes lanosa (Michx.) D.C. Eaton Cheilanthes tomentosa Link. Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link. Pellaea wrightiana Hook. GYMNOSPERMS Cupressaceae Juniperus virginiana L. Pinaceae Pinus elliottii Englm. ANGIOSPERMS MONOCOTS Agavaceae Manfreda virginica (L.) Salisb. ex Rose Alismataceae Echinodorus berteroi (Spreng.) Fassett Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Sagittaria montevidensis Cham. & Schlecht. Araceae Arisaema dracontium (L.) Schott Commelinaceae Commelina erecta L. Tradescantia occidentalis (Britt.) Smyth Tradescantia ohiensis Raf. Cyperaceae Bulboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) Kunth ex C.B. Clarke Carex amphibola Steud. Carex annectens (Bickn.) Bickn. Carex austrina Mack. Carex blanda Dewey Carex emoryi Dewey Carex festucacea Schkuhr. ex Willd. Carex frankii Kunth. Carex gravida Bailey Carex grisea Wahl. Carex microrhyncha Mack. Carex muehlenbergii Schkuhr ex Willd. Carex vulpinoidea Michx. Cyperus acuminatus Torr. & Hook. ex Torr. Cyperus echinatus (L.) Wood Cyperus erythrorhizos Muhl. Cyperus esculentus L. Cyperus lupulinus (Spreng.) Marcks. Cyperus odoratus L. Cyperus pseudovegetus Steud. Cyperus schweinitzii Torr. Cyperus setigerus Torr. & Hook Cyperus squarrosus L. Cyperus strigosus L. Eleocharis acutisquamata Buckley Eleocharis compressa Sulliv. Eleocharis engelmanni Steud. Eleocharis montevidensis Kunth. Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) Schult. Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. & Schult. Eleocharis parvula (Roemer & J.A. Schutles) Link ex Bluff, Nees & Schaeur Eleocharis quadrangulata Fern. Eleocharis tenuis (Willd.) Schult. Eleocharis wolfii (A.Gray) A.Gray ex Britton Fimbristylis puberula (Michx.) Vahl. Fimbristylis vahlii (Lam.) Link. 49 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 8, Number 1, December 2008 Carter, et al. Fuirena simplex Vahl. Lipocarpha micrantha (Vahl.) Tucker Schoenoplectus acutus (Muhl ex Bigelow) A. Love & D. Love Schoenoplectus pungens (Vahl.) Palla Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla Scleria pauciflora Muhl. Scirpus atrovirens Muhl. Scirpus pendulus Muhl. Hydrocharitaceae Najas guadalupensis (Spreng.) Morong. Iridaceae Sisyrinchium angustifolium Mill. Juncaceae Juncus acuminatus Michx. Juncus dudleyi Wiegand. Juncus interior Wieg. Juncus marginatus Rostk. Juncus tenuis Woot. & Standl. Juncus torreyi Coville Lemnaceae Lemna minor L. Liliaceae Allium canadense L. Allium drummondii Regel. Allium stellatum Ker. Androstephium coeruleum (Scheele) Greene Camassia scilloides (Raf.) Cory Cooperia drummondii Herbert Erythronium americanum Ker. Nothoscordum bivalve Greene ex Rydb. Orchidaceae Spiranthes magnicamporum Sheviak. Poaceae Agrostis hyemalis (Walter) B.S.P. Agrostis elliottiana Schult. Alopecurus carolinianus Walt. Andropogon gerardii Vitman. Aristida dichotoma Michx Aristida longespica Poir. Aristida oligantha Michx. Aristida purpurea Nutt. Bothriochloa barbinodes (Lag.) Herter. Bothriochloa laguroides (D.C.) Herter. Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx) Torr. Bouteloua gracilis (Willd ex Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths Bouteloua hirsuta Lag. Bouteloua rigidiseta (Steud.) Hitchc. Bromus arvensis L. Bromus catharticus Vahl Bromus commutatus Schrad. Bromus japonicus Thunb. ex Murray Bromus pubescens Muhl. ex Willd. Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm. Cenchrus spinifiex Cav. Chasmanthium latifolium (Mickx.) H.O. Yates Chloris verticillata Nutt. Chloris virgata Sw. Coelorachis cylindrica (Michx.) Nash Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Dactylis glomerata L. Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C.A. Clark Dichanthelium depauperatum (Muhl.) Gould Dichanthelium linearifolium (Scribn. ex Nash) Gould Dichanthelium malacophyllum (Nash) Gould Dichanthelium oligosanthes (J.A. Schultes) Gould Digitaria californica (Benth.) Henr. Digitaria cognata (Schultes) Pilger Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. Elymus canadensis L. Elymus virginicus L. Eragrostis capillaris (L.) Nees Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vignalo ex Janch Eragrostis curtipedicellata Buckley Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) B.S.P. Eragrostis intermedia Hitchc. Eragrostis pectinacea (Mickx.) Nees ex Steud. Eragrostis pilosa (L.) Beauv. Eragrostis reptans (Michx.) Nees Eragrostis secundiflora J. Presl. Eragrostis sessilispica Buckley Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh.) Steud. Eragrostis trichodes (Nutt.) A.W. Wood Eriochloa contracta Hitchc. Eriochloa sericea (Scheele) Munro ex Vasey Erioneuron pilosum (Buckley) Nash Festuca versuta Beal Hordeum pusillum Nutt. 50 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 8, Number 1, December 2008 Carter, et al. Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw. Leptochloa fascicularis (Lam.) A. Gray Limnodea arkansana (Nutt.) L.H. Dewey Lolium pratense (Huds.) S.J.Darbyshire Melica nitens (Scribn) Nutt. ex Piper Muhlenbergia capillaris (Lam.) Trin. Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin. Muhlenbergia racemosa (Michx) B.S.P. Panicum anceps Michx. Panicum capillare L. Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. Panicum obtusum Kunth. Panicum philadelphicum Bernh. ex Trin. Panicum virgatum L. Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) A. Love Paspalum dilatatum Poir. Paspalum pubiflorum Rupr. Paspalum setaceum Michx. Phalaris caroliniana Walter Poa annua L. Poa arachnifera Torr. Poa compressa L. Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Trel. Setaria parviflora (Poir) Kerguélen Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv. Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. Spartina pectinata Link Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx) Scribn. Sporobolus airoides Torr. Sporobolus clandestinus (Biehler) Hitchc. Sporobolus compositus (Poir.) Merr. Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr) A. Gray Sporobolus neglectus Nash Sporobolus pyramidatus (Lam.) Hitchc. Sporobolus vaginiflorus (Torr ex A. Gray) A.W. Wood Tridens albescens (Vasey) Wooton & Standl. Tridens flavus (L.) Hitchc. Tridens muticus (Torr) Nash Tridens strictus (Nutt) Nash Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L. Vulpia octoflora (Walter) Rydb. Pontederiaceae Heteranthera limosa (Sw.) Willd Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton ampifolius Tuckerm. Potamogeton diversifolius Raf. Potamogeton nodosus Poir Potamogeton pusillus L. Smilacaceae Smilax bona-nox L. Smilax pseudochina L. Smilax rotundifolia L. Smilax tamnoides L. Typhaceae Typha domengensis L. Typha latifolia L. EUDICOTS Acanthaceae Justicia americana (L.) Vahl Ruellia caroliniensis (J.F. Gmel) Steud. Ruellia humilis Nutt. Amaranthaceae Alternanthera caracasana Kunth Amaranthus albus L. Amaranthus hybridus L. Amaranthus retroflexus L. Amaranthus rudis Sauer Froelichia floridana (Nutt.) Moq. Froelichia gracilis (Hook.) Moq. Gossypianthus lanuginosus (Poir.) Moq Guilleminea densa (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Moq. Anacardiaceae Rhus glabra L. Rhus trilobata Nutt. Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze Apiaceae Ammoselinum popei Torr. & Gray Chaerophyllum tainturieri Hook. Cicuta maculata L. Daucus pusillus Michx. Eryngium leavenworthii Torr. & Gray Lomatium foeniculaceum (Nutt.) Coult. & Rose Polytaenia nuttallii DC. Ptilimnium nuttallii (DC.) Britt. Sanicula canadensis L. Spermolepis divaricata (Walt.) Raf. ex Ser. Spermolepis echinata (Nutt. ex DC.) Heller 51 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 8, Number 1, December 2008 Carter, et al. Apocynaceae Apocynum cannabinum L. Amsonia ciliata Walt. Asclepiadaceae Asclepias asperula (Dcne.) Woods. Asclepias latifolia Engelm. & Gray Asclepias pumila (Gray) Vail Asclepias stenophylla Gray Asclepias tuberosa L. Asclepias verticillata L. Asclepias viridis Walt. Asteraceae Achillea millefolium L. Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. Ambrosia psilostachya DC. Ambrosia trifida L. Antennaria parlinii Fern. Aphanostephus pilosus Buckl. Aphanostephus ramosissimus DC. Aphanostephus skirrhobasis (DC.) Trel. Artemisia dracunculus L. Artemisia filifolia Torr. Artemisia longifolia Nutt. Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. Aster ericoides L. Aster oblongifolius Nutt. Aster patens Ait. Aster subulatus Michx. Baccharis salicina Torr. & Gray Bidens cernua L. Bidens frondosa L. Brickellia eupatorioides (L.) Shinners Centaurea americana Nutt. Chaetopappa asteroides Nutt. ex DC. Cirsium ochrocentrum Gray Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng. Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. Conyza ramosissima Cronq. Coreopsis grandiflora Hogg ex Sweet Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. Dysodiopsis tagetoides (Torr. & Gray) Rydb. Echinacea angustifolia DC. Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. Engelmannia peristenia (Raf.) Goodman & C.A. Watson Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd. Eupatorium serotinum Michx. Evax prolifera Nutt. ex DC. Evax verna Raf. Gaillardia aestivalis (Walt.) H. Rock Gaillardia pulchella Foug. Gaillardia suavis (Gray & Engelm.) Britt. & Rusby Gamochaeta purpurea (L.) Cabrera Grindelia papposa McKelvey Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal Gutierrezia dracunculoides (DC.) S.F. Blake Helenium amarum (Raf.) H. Rock Helenium microcephalum D.C. Helianthus annuus L. Helianthus hirsutus Raf. Helianthus maximiliani Schrad. Helianthus pauciflorus Nutt. Helianthus petiolaris Nutt. Heterotheca canescens (DC.) Shinners Heterotheca stenophylla (Gray) Shinners Hieracium longipilum Small Hymenopappus scabiosaeus L'Hér. Hymenopappus tenuifolius Pursh Iva annua L. Krigia caespitosa (Raf.) K.L. Chambers Krigia dandelion (L.) Nutt. Lactuca canadensis L. Lactuca serriola L. Lactuca tatarica (L.) C.A. Mey Liatris aspera Michx. Liatris punctata Hook. Liatris scariosa (L.) Willd. Machaeranthera pinnatifida (Hook.) Shinners Nothocalais cuspidata (Pursh) Greene Packera plattensis (Nutt) W.A. Weber & A. Love Palafoxia sphacelata (Nutt. ex Torr.) Cory Pluchea camphorata (L.) DC. Polanisia dodecandra (L.) D.C. Pseudognaphalium canescens DC. Pseudognaphalium stramineum (Kunth) W.A. Weber Pyrrhopappus grandiflorus (Nutt.) Nutt. Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Wooton & Standl. Rudbeckia hirta L. Silphium asteriscus L. Silphium laciniatum L. Silphium radula Nutt. Solidago arguta Ait. Solidago gigantea Ait. Solidago missouriensis Nutt. Solidago petiolaris Ait. Tetraneuris linearifolia (Hook.) Greene Thelesperma filifolium (Hook.) Gray Townsendia exscapa (Richards.) Potter Vernonia baldwinii Torr. 52 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 8, Number 1, December 2008 Carter, et al. Xanthium strumarium L. Xanthisma texanum DC. Boraginaceae Buglossoides arvensis (L.) I.M. Johnston Lithospermum incisum Lehm. Mysotis verna Nutt. Brassicaceae Draba brachycarpa Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray Draba cuneifolia Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray Draba reptans (Lam.) Fern. Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt. Erysimum capitatum (Dougl. ex Hook.) Greene Lepidium oblongum Small Lepidium virginicum L. Lesquerella auriculata (Engelm & A. Gray) S. Watson Lesquerella engelmannii (A.Gray) S. Watson Lesquerella gracilis (Hook.) S. Watson Lesquerella ovalifolia Rydb. ex Britt. Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek Rorippa palustris (L.) Bess. Rorippa sessiliflora (Nutt.) Hitchc. Sibara virginica (L.) Rollins Callitrichaceae Callitriche heterophylla Pursh. Campanulaceae Lobelia appendiculata A. DC. Lobelia cardinalis L. Triodanis leptocarpa (Nutt.) Nieuwl. Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. Capparaceae Cleomella angustifolia Torr. Caprifoliaceae Viburnum rufidulum Raf. Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench Caryophyllaceae Cerastium brachypodum (Engelm. ex Gray) B.L. Robins. Minuartia michauxii (Fenzl.) Farw. Minuartia patula (Michx.) Mattf. Paronychia jamesii Torr. & A. Gray Paronychia virginica Spreng. Sagina decumbens (Ell.) Torr & A. Gray Silene antirrhina L. Ceratophyllace Ceratophyllum demersum L. Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium album L Chenopodium leptophyllum (Moq.) Nutt. Chenopodium simplex (Torr.) Raf. Chenopodium standleyanum Aell. Salsola tragus L Monolepis nuttalliana (Schult.) Greene Cistaceae Lechea tenuifolia Michx. Clusiaceae Hypericum drummondii (Grev. & Hook) Torr. & A. Gray Hypericum mutilum L. Convolvulaceae Convolvulus arvensis L. Evolvulus nuttallianus Schult. Cornaceae Cornus drummondii C.A. Mey Cuscutaceae Cuscuta gronovii Willd. Cuscuta coryli Engelm. Crassulaceae Sedum nuttallianum Raf. Cucurbitaceae Cyclanthera dissecta (Torr. & Gray) Arn. Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth Ibervillea lindheimeri (Gray) Greene Melothria pendula L. Ebenaceae Diospyros virginiana L. Euphorbiaceae Acalypha gracilens A. Gray Acalypha ostryifolia Riddell Chamaesyce glyptosperma (Engelm) Small Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small Chamaesyce missurica (Raf.) Shinners Chamaesyce nutans (Lag.) Small Chamaesyce prostrata (Aiton) Small Croton capitatus Michx. Croton glandulosus L. 53 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 8, Number 1, December 2008 Carter, et al. Croton lindheimerianus Scheele. Croton monanthogynus Michx. Croton texensis (Klotzch.) Muell. Arg. Euphorbia commutata Engelm. Euphorbia corollata L. Euphorbia dentata Michx. Euphorbia marginata Pursh. Euphorbia spathulata Lam. Phyllanthus caroliniensis Walt. Phyllanthus polygonoides Nutt. ex Spreng. Stillingia sylvatica Garden ex L. Tragia ramosa Torr. Fabaceae Acacia angustissima (Mill.) Kuntze Amorpha canescens Pursh. Amorpha fruticosa L. Apios americana Medik. Astragalus crassicarpus Nutt. Astragalus plattensis Nutt. Baptisia australis (L.) R. Br. Baptisia bracteata Muhl. ex Elliot Baptisia sphaerocarpa Nutt. Cercis canadensis L. Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.) Greene Clitoria mariana L. Crotalaria sagittalis L. Dalea aurea Nutt. ex Pursh. Dalea candida Willd. Dalea enneandra Nutt. Dalea multiflora (Nutt.) Shinners Dalea purpurea Vent. Dalea tenuis (J.M. Coult) Shinners Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacM Desmanthus leptolobus Torr & A. Gray Desmodium ciliare DC. Desmodium nudiflorum (L.) DC. Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC. Desmodium sessilifolium (Torr.) Torr. & A.Gray Galactia volubilis (L.) Britt. Glycyrrhiza lepidota (Nutt.) Pursh. Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) Koch. Hoffmanseggia glauca (Ortega) Eifert Indigofera miniata Ortega Lespedeza capitata Michx. Lespedeza procumbens Michx. Lespedeza virginica (L.) Britt. Lotus unifoliolatus (Hook.) Benth. Melilotus albus Medik. Neptunia lutea (Leavenw.) Benth. Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh.) Rydb. Pediomelum linearifolium (Torr. & A. Gray) J.W. Grimes Psoralidium tenuiflorum (Pursh.) Rydb. Senna marilandica (L.) Link. Strophostyles helvula (L.) Elliott Strophostyles leiosperma (Torr. & A.Gray) Piper Strophostyles umbellatum (Muhl ex Willd.) Britt. Stylosanthes biflora (L.) Britton, Sterns. & Pogg. Vicia ludoviciana Nutt. Fagaceae Quercus buckleyi Nixon & Dorr. Quercus macrocarpa Michx. Quercus marilandica Muench. Quercus muehlenbergii Engelm. Quercus shumardii Buckl. Quercus stellata Wang. Quercus velutina Lam. Quercus virginiana Mill. Fumariaceae Corydalis aurea Willd. Gentianaceae Sabatia campestris Nutt. Geraniaceae Geranium carolinianum L. Grossulariaceae Ribes aureum Pursh Haloragaceae Myriophyllum pinnatum (Walter) Britton, Stens & Poggenb. Myriophyllum spicatum L. Hydrophyllaceae Nama hispidum A. Gray Juglandaceae Carya illinoinensis (Wang.) K. Koch Juglans major (Torr.) Heller Juglans microcarpa Berland Juglans nigra L. Krameriaceae Krameria lanceolata Torr. 54 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 8, Number 1, December 2008 Carter, et al. Lamiaceae Hedeoma hispida Pursh. Lycopus americanus Muhl. Monarda citriodora Cerv. ex Lag. Monarda clinopodioides A. Gray Monarda fistulosa L. Monarda pectinata Nutt. Nepeta cataria L. Salvia azurea Michx. ex Lam. Salvia reflexa Hornem. Scutellaria drummondii Benth. Scutellaria wrightii A. Gray Scutellaria resinosa Torr. Teucrium canadense L. Teucrium laciniatum Torr. Trichostema brachiatum L. Lentibulariaceae Utricularia gibba L. Linaceae Linum berlandieri Hook. Linum hudsonioides Planch. Linum imbricatum (Raf.) Shinners Linum rigidum Pursh Linum sulcatum Riddell Loasaceae Mentzelia oligosperma Nutt. Mentzelia nuda (Pursh.) Torr & A. Gray Lythraceae Ammannia auriculata Willd. Ammannia coccinea Rottb. Lythrum alatum Pursh. Malvaceae Callirhoe involucrata (Torr. & A. Gray) A. Gray Sphaeralcea coccinea Nutt. Menispermaceae Cocculus carolinus (L.) DC. Molluginaceae Mollugo verticillata L. Moraceae Morus rubra L. Nyctaginaceae Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM. Mirabilis linearis (Gray) Greene Mirabilis glabra (S. Wats.) Standl. Mirabilis hirsuta A. Nels. Mirabilis albida (Walter) Heimerl. Oleaceae Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Onagraceae Calylophus serrulatus (Nutt.) P.H. Raven Gaura coccinea Nutt. ex Pursh. Gaura parviflora Douglas ex Lehm. Gaura sinuate Nutt. Gaura suffulta Engelm. ex A. Gray Gaura triangulata Buckley Ludwigia alternifolia L. Ludwigia decurrens (Walt.) DC. Ludwigia peploides (Kunth) Raven Ludwigia repens J.R. Forst Oenothera biennis L. Oenothera brachycarpa A. Gray Oenothera grandis (Britton) Smith Oenothera jamesii A. Gray Oenothera laciniata Hill Oenothera linifolia Nutt. Oenothera macrocarpa (A. Gray) W.L. Wagner Oenothera triloba Nutt. Stenosiphon linifolius (Nutt. ex E. James) Heynh. Oxalidaceae Oxalis violacea Rydb. Oxalis stricta L. Papaveraceae Argemone polyanthemos (Fedde) G.B. Ownbey Pedaliaceae Proboscidea louisianica (Mill.) Thell. Phytolaccaceae Phytolacca americana L. Plantaginaceae Plantago aristata Michx. Plantago elongata Pursh. Plantago patagonica Jacq. Plantago virginica L. Plantago wrightiana Dcne. 55 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 8, Number 1, December 2008 Carter, et al. Polemoniaceae Ipomopsis rubra Fern. Polygalaceae Polygala alba Nutt. Polygala verticillata L. Polygonaceae Eriogonum annum Nutt. Eriogonum longifolium Nutt. Polygonum amphibium L. Polygonum convolvulus L. Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. Polygonum lapathifolium L. Polygonum pensylvanicum L. Polygonum punctatum Ell. Polygonum ramosissimum Michx. Polygonum scandens L. Polygonum tenue Michx. Rumex altissimus Wood Rumex crispus L Portulacaceae Claytonia virginica L. Portulaca pilosa L. Portulaca umbraticola Kunth. Portulaca oleracea L. Talinum calycinum Engelm. Talinum parviflorum Nutt. Primulaceae Adrosace occidentalis L. Dodecatheon meadia L. Samolus valerandi L. Ranunculaceae Anemone berlandieri Pritz Delphinium carolinianum Walt. Myosurus minimus L. Rhamnaceae Ceanothus herbaceus Raf. Rosaceae Agrimonia parviflora Aiton Crataegus reverchonii Sarg. Crataegus viridis L. Geum aleppicum Jacq. Geum canadense Jacq. Potentilla arguta Pursh Prunus angustifolia Marsh. Prunus gracilis Engelm. & A. Gray Prunus mexicana S. Watson Prunus virginiana L. Rubus aboriginum Rydb. Rubus occidentalis L. Rubiaceae Cephalanthus occidentalis L. Diodia teres Walt. Galium aparine L. Galium pilosum Aiton Galium texense A. Gray Galium virgatum Nutt. Hedyotis nigricans (Lam.) Fosberg Houstonia caerulea L. Houstonia pusilla Schoepf Rutaceae Ptelea trifoliata L. Salicaceae Populus alba L. Populus deltoides Marsh Salix caroliniana Michx. Salix nigra Marsh. Santalacaceae Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. Sapindaceae Aesculus glabra Willd. Acer grandidentatum Nutt. Acer saccharinum L. Acer saccharum Marsh. Sapindus saponaria L. . Sapotaceae Sideroxylon lanuginosum Michx. Scrophulariaceae Agalinis fasciculata Pennell Bacopa rotundifolia (Michx.) Wettst. Castilleja purpurea (Nutt.) G. Don. Castilleja sessiliflora Pursh. Collinsia violacea Nutt. Gratiola virginiana L. Leucospora multifida (Michx) Nutt. Linaria canadensis (L.) Dumont. Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell 56 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 8, Number 1, December 2008 Carter, et al. Penstemon cobaea Nutt Penstemon oklahomensis Pennell Scrophularia lanceolata Pursh. Veronica arvensis L. Veronica peregrine L. Simaroubaceae Ailanthus altissima (P. Mill.) Swingle Solanaceae Physalis cinerascens (Dunal) Hitchc. Physalis longifolia Nutt. Quincula lobata (Torr.) Raf. Solanum dimidiatum Raf. Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. Solanum ptycanthum Dunal Solanum rostratum Dunal Ulmaceae Celtis laevigata Willd. Ulmus americana L. Ulmus rubra Muhl Urticaceae Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw. Parietaria pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd. Valerianaceae Valerianella radiata (L.) Dufr. Verbenaceae Glandularia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Glandularia pumila (Rydb.) Umber Lippia cuneifolia (Torr.) Steud Lippia nodiflora (L.) Michx. Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr. Verbena stricta Vent. Verbena urticifolia L. Violaceae Hybanthus verticillatus (Ortega) Baill Viola bicolor Pursh Viola missouriensis Greene Viola sororia Willd. Vitaceae Ampelopsis cordata Michx. Cissus incisa Des Moul. Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Buckley) Britton ex Small Vitis cinerea (Englm.) Millardet. Vitis riparia Michx. Vitis rupestris Scheele Zygophyllaceae Kallstroemia californica (S. Wats.) Vail Tribulus terrestris L.