Oklahoma Native Plant Record, Volume 14, Number 1, December 2014 4 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 14, December 2014 Lottie Opal Baldock https://doi.org/10.22488/okstate.17.100102 FLORA OF KIOWA COUNTY, OKLAHOMA Master’s Thesis Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College [Oklahoma State University] 1938 Lottie Opal Baldock Keywords: distribution, ecology, historic, vascular [ABSTRACT] This paper presents the results of taxonomic and ecological studies of the plants of Kiowa County, Oklahoma. The collections were begun in 1933 and continued until the summer of 1938; however, little intensive collecting was done until the spring and summer of 1938. The Flora of Kiowa County, Oklahoma includes six species of pteridophytes, one species of gymnosperms, and 489 species of angiosperms. More than one third of these are in Compositae, Gramineae, and Leguminosae. There are 81 families represented. The 11 largest families, with the number of species are Compositae, 86; Gramineae, 58; Leguminosae, 41; Onagraceae, 17; Euphorbiaceae, 16; Cruciferae, 16; Polygonaceae, and Solanaceae, 12 each; Asclepiadaceae, Cyperaceae, and Labiatae, 11 each. The three largest families comprise 37.4 per cent of the total number of species. [Species names used in the original thesis which appear in brackets have been updated using the USDA Plants Database.] PREFACE The main value of studies such as this is to establish the distribution of species and to observe the varying ecological conditions in which the plants under consideration are growing. Plants considered in this study and included in the list are native wild species and mainly indigenous to the county; however, a few species of cultivated plants are listed in cases where they have escaped cultivation and seem to have established themselves in the new habitat. The author does not aim to give a complete list of the vascular plants of the county as the time was limited, and such a survey is a fit subject for more advanced graduate work. INTRODUCTION This paper presents the results of taxonomic and ecological studies of the plants of Kiowa County, Oklahoma (Figure). The collections were begun in 1933 and continued until the summer of 1938; however, little intensive collecting was done until the spring and summer of 1938. More systematic work has been done with the spring and summer flowering plants than with those flowering in the fall. In most cases the nomenclature is that of Gray’s Manual (Robinson and Fernald 1908); however, the Oklahoma Flora by Stemen and Meyers (1937) was used as a check, and in some cases plants were listed in the latter publication only. For the grasses, Hitchcock (1935) was the final authority. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 5 Volume 14, December 2014 Lottie Opal Baldock LOCATION AND SIZE Kiowa County is in southwestern Oklahoma. It comprises an area of 1,025 square miles, or 656,000 acres [2,655 km2]. The county is bounded by Washita on the north, Greer and Jackson on the west, Tillman on the south, and Comanche and Caddo counties on the east. Hobart, the county seat and largest town, is located in the northwestern part, about 136 miles [219 km] southwest of Oklahoma City. The elevation at Hobart is 1,536 feet [468 m] (Wahlgren). HISTORY In 1834, a large military expedition was sent out from Forts Gibson and Towson to stop the warfare among the Indians and to pay a visit to the wild bands of Kiowas, Wichitas, and Comanches who lived among the Wichita Mountains. This was probably the first official expedition to reach any part of Kiowa County. They explored the region about the Wichita Mountains going as far west as North Fork Red River. George Catlin, the famous painter of Indian pictures, was with this expedition and left many pictures of things he observed. The county was opened to settlement by a proclamation of President McKinley on July 4, 1901. The land was allotted by drawing for a choice. This county was formerly a part of the Kiowa, Comanche, and Apache Indian Reservation. In 1910, a part of the county was taken with a part of Comanche County to form Swanson County (Goke and Holopeter 1931), but the creation of Swanson County was declared illegal by a decision of the Supreme Court of Oklahoma, August 9, 1911, and the territory was restored to the former counties. A part was annexed to Tillman County. The main industry is farming, with cotton and wheat as the leading crops. Quarrying of granite is carried on to a small extent. Original dominant vegetation in the county consisted of grasses, a scattered growth of mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa Torr. var. glandulosa [=Prosopis juliflora glandulosa]), and cactus (Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf.). Along the streams, cottonwood (Populus deltoids W. Bartram ex Marshall), elm (Ulmus americana L.), and pecan (Carya illinoiensis (Wagenh.) K. Koch) were in predominance. During the winter, the grasses in the valley provide the chief source of feed for livestock. Before the land was open for settlement, these valleys were highly prized among the Indians for grazing purposes. TOPOGRAPHY The Wichita Mountains in the south central and eastern portion rise abruptly above the gently rolling plains which are characteristic of the prairies. The mountains are composed of igneous rocks surrounded by sedimentary formations. The igneous rocks are pre-cambrian, but younger than the Proterozoic rocks which they have intruded. Most of the rock is medium to fine grained pink granite, except those of the northern range in the eastern part of the county which are made up of limestone. The granite mountains are covered with a scrubby growth of oaks, but the limestone hills are comparatively barren. The southward facing escarpment which crosses the northern part of the county shows a distinctly different physical feature. This escarpment is composed of calcareous ledges of the Blaine formation (Sawyer 1929). STREAMS AND DRAINAGE North Fork Red River, bounding the county on the west, and Washita River, along the northeastern edge, are the two largest streams. Most of the drainage waters flow through them from their several 6 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 14, December 2014 Lottie Opal Baldock tributaries. East Fork of Deep Red Creek and its tributaries with East, West, and Middle Otter Creeks drain the lower southern section. North Fork Red River with Elk Creek and their tributaries drain the western section. The northeastern section of the county is drained by Washita River and Rainy Mountain, Saddle Mountain, and Stinking Creeks. SOIL The soils of 95 per cent of the area of Kiowa County are heavy in texture either in the surface soil or subsoil, with clay loam mainly in both; the rest, which occur in irregularly shaped areas in different parts of the county, are sandy. The sandy soils are found along the two rivers mentioned, at the western boundary and the northeastern corner. The outstanding difference between the sandy soils and the clay loam soils is that the material of the sandy areas is much more friable throughout the surface soil and subsoil, continuing to a depth of several inches. Foard silt loam comprises about 128,896 acres [522 km2] (Goke and Holopeter 1931) or 19.6 per cent of the total. This type has a dark-brown surface soil that extends to a depth of six inches, where it gradually passes downward to a dark-brown or brown heavy plastic subsoil. The color in this layer gradually changes to a yellowish-brown. At a depth of 18 inches [46 cm], lime is present in sufficient quantitites to effervesce in acid. Tillman clay loam is next in importance with 112,064 acres [454 km2] or 17.1 per cent. It has a chocolate-brown friable surface soil that passes at a depth of six inches [15 cm] into a dark-brown friable subsurface soil. At about 12 inches [30 cm], this changes to a chocolate-brown or reddish-brown clay subsoil which is tough and plastic when wet and very hard and dense when dry. At a depth of about 24 inches [60 cm], lime is first reached in the form of hard concretions or in a finely disseminated form. The third important type of soil is Vernon clay loam which covers 65,536 acres [265 km2] or 10.0 per cent of the land. The surface soil of Vernon clay loam consists of reddish-brown, brown, or chocolate-brown friable material to a depth of four inches. The subsoil is reddish-brown granular clay loam which continues to a depth of about 12 inches [30 cm] where it changes into a reddish-brown clay which is plastic when wet but very hard when dry. This soil is found chiefly on slopes along the valleys and in areas that are cut by many drainage channels. Both Tillman and Vernon clay loams are best suited for pasture (Goke and Holopeter 1931), as shown by the severely eroded areas over the county where these soils have not been cultivated carefully. In many places, erosion is quite severe although the land has been cultivated little more than 30 years. Foard silt loam belongs to the better productive group of soils and is more suited to cultivation. CLIMATE The average yearly rainfall for Hobart from 1903 to 1930 was 28.13 inches [71 cm]. The months April, May, and June received the most rainfall while December, January, and February proved to be the driest months for those years. The lowest average rainfall came in the year 1910, which was 12.72 inches [32 cm]. The other extreme was 43.33 inches [110 cm] for 1908 (Wahlgren); however, the year 1938 proved a record one for moisture. From January to May, the average precipitation was from an inch to an inch and one-half [2.5-3.75 cm] above the average for each month. Prevailing winds are from the south in all months except December when they are from the north. The lowest temperature recorded over a period of 28 years is -11ºF [-23.9ºC]; the highest is 114ºF [45.6ºC], with an average minimum temperature of 48ºF Oklahoma Native Plant Record 7 Volume 14, December 2014 Lottie Opal Baldock [8.9ºC] and an average maximum of 74.6ºF [23.7ºC] for the period. The average date of the last killing frost comes on November 2. There is an average growing season of 213 days. PREVIOUS COLLECTORS Dr. G. G. Shumard (Bull 1932; Eskew 1937) was perhaps the first person to make a collection of plants in this vicinity. He was with Captain R. B. Marcy on his expedition of 1852 to the source of the North Fork of the Red River. The expedition entered the state near the center of the southern border and passed through the Wichita Mountains and into the panhandle of Texas. About 100 plants were collected within the present boundaries of Oklahoma. Probably the largest single collection was made by the late Dr. G. W. Stevens in 1913 while he was preparing his Flora of Oklahoma. This complete collection is now in the Gray Herbarium at Harvard. Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College has more specimens from the Stevens collection than any other herbarium within the state. Professor Robert Stratton of Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College has collected in the vicinity to add to his personal herbarium of Leguminosae and for the college herbarium. In 1932, Miss Rotha Bull made a collection of the plants of Greer County which is separated from Kiowa County on the west by North Fork Red River. Mr. C. T. Eskew made a collection of plants in 1937 of the Wichita National Forest within the boundaries of Comanche County which adjoins Kiowa County on the east. ECOLOGY The most common pre-vernal plants are Claytonia virginica L., Glandularia canadensis (L.) Nutt. [=Verbena canadensis], Viola bicolor Pursh [=Viola rafinesquii], V. sororia Willd. [=V. papilionacea], Erysimum asperum (Nutt.) DC., Anemone caroliniana Walter, A. berlandieri Pritz. [=A. decapetala], Lithospermum incisum Lehm. [=Lithospermum angustifolium], Cercis canadensis L., Glandularia bipinnatifida (Nutt.) Nutt. [=Verbena bipinnatifida], Allium canadense L. var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey [=Allium mutabile], A. drummondii Regel [=A. nuttallii], Nothascordum bivalve (L.) Britton, and Quincula lobata (Torr.) Raf. [=Physalis lobata]. All of these were to be found on the streams and ravines. The prairie communities have fewer flowering plants; the outstanding ones are Glandularia bipinnatifida, Allium drummondii, Northascordum bivalve, Quincula lobata, Anemone, and Lepidium [=Lepidium apetalum]. Liliaceae and Violaceae have more representatives at this time than other families. Among the spring plants are Tradescantia ohiensis Raf. [=Tradescantia reflexa], T. occidentalis (Britton) Smyth, Baptisia bracteata Muhl. ex Elliott, B. australis (L.) R. Br., Corydalis, Oxalis, and a great percent of Cruciferae, all of which appear on mountains and streams with the budding trees and other woody plants. Cruciferae are in more abundance on the prairies along with Sphaeralcea coccinea (Nutt.) Rydb. [=Malvastrum coccineum], Opuntia humifusa, Oenothera laciniata Hill, Hordeum pusillium Nutt., Bromus catharticus Vahl. [=Bromus unioloides ], Vulpia octoflora (Walter) Rydb. [=Festuca octoflora], Aristida purpurea Nutt., Yucca glauca Nutt., and Oxalis. Grasses begin flowering in late spring and early summer when they become predominant. Leguminosae is another family which flowers mainly in the summer. Other plants which become predominant at this time are Argemone albiflora Hornem. [=Argemone alba], A. polyanthemos (Fedde) G.B. Ownbey [=A. intermedia], Cirsium [=Cirsium discolor], Centaurea americana Nutt., Gaillardia, Tribulus terrestris L., Plantago patagonica Jacq. [=Plantago purshii], Krameria lanceolata Torr. [=Krameria secundiflora], Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd. 8 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 14, December 2014 Lottie Opal Baldock [=Erigeron ramosus], Chloris verticillata Nutt., Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav., S. rostratum Dunal, Polygonum, Salsola tragus L. [=Salsola kali], and the greatest percent of Euphorbiaceae. During the latter part of the summer the composites begin to gain predominance as for number of species in flower, but the grass family is still the most important as to the amount of space it covers. During the autumn the outstanding plants are Helianthus, Rhus, Vernonia, Euphorbia marginata Pursh, Liatris punctata Hook., Solidago, Aster, Ambrosia, Xanthium, Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash, and others of the tall grass group. Annual and biennial plants on the mountains and streams are not so different from those of the prairies in the summer and fall as they are in the spring. The fall grasses are more adapted to the former habitat. Many woody plants are seeding in the autumn, and in the latter part of the year the mountainsides are colorful with the brilliant foliage of the trees and shrubs. Along the streams, trees and woody plants are dominant. Carya illinoinensis, Juglans nigra L., Rhus glabra L., Ulmus americana, Vitis, Fraxinus, Toxicodendron, Sapindus saponaria L. var drummondii (Hook. & Arn.) L.D. Benson [=Sapindus drummondii], and Salix nigra Marshall are the outstanding plants in this type of vegetation. These same genera are found on the mountains, but species of Quercus become dominant in the eastern section of the county. Other mountain plants are Rhus aromatica Aiton [=Rhus trilobata], Ptelea trifoliata L., Ribes aureum Pursh, Baptisia, Sedum, Ceanothus americanus L., Rubus, Galium aparine L., and Poa arachnifera Torr. Plants in dry sand and along the rivers form another distinctly different type. Artemisia, Mentzelia, Sporobolus, and species of Prunus form the dominant covering on the sand hills, and Tamarix [=Tamarix gallica] is found in abundance in damp sandy soil. Other outstanding plants here are Glandularia canadensis, Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. ssp. pallida (A. DC.) Piehl [=Comandra pallida], Lithaspermum incisum, Cenchrus, and a species of Gaura. The types of vegetation mentioned above are all connected by the prairie type which covers the greatest percent of the area of the county. Here is found one main association in the undisturbed pastures. Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa forms an orchard type of growth, and under the trees the dominant vegetation is Bouteloua dactyloides (Nutt.) J.T. Columbus [=Buchloe dactyloides] interspersed with Opuntia humifusa. SUMMARY The Flora of Kiowa County, Oklahoma includes six species of pteridophytes, one species of gymnosperms, and 489 species of angiosperms. More than one third of these are in Compositae, Gramineae, and Leguminosae. There are 81 families represented. The 11 largest families, with the number of species, are Compositae, 86; Gramineae, 58; Leguminosae, 41; Onagraceae, 17; Euphorbiaceae, 16; Cruciferae, 16; Polygonaceae and Solanaceae, 12 each; and Asclepiadaceae, Cyperaceae, and Labiatae, 11 each. The three largest families comprise 37.4 per cent of the total number of species. The county lies in the plains region. The prairies are broken by the Wichita Mountains and a few streams, of these the North Fork Red River is the largest. The vegetation is mainly that adapted to the prairies. Tall grass is found near mountains or streams; it is predominately a short-grass area. Trees are to be seen along streams or on mountainsides. The only native trees on the prairies are mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa) which grow in association with cactus (Opuntia humifusa) and buffalo grass (Bouteloua dactyloides). Oklahoma Native Plant Record 9 Volume 14, December 2014 Lottie Opal Baldock ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The writer wishes to express her appreciation to the following people for their services in preparing this paper: Dr. H. I. Featherly of the Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechnical College, under whose direction this study was made, for constant advice and criticism; Dr. K. Starr Chester, head of the Department of Botany, and Professor R. H. Stratton, of the same department, for their aid in securing materials; and Dr. Elbert L. Little, Jr., in the United States Forest Service at Flagstaff, Arizona, for suggestions. The writer also wishes to express her appreciation to her family for assistance in collecting and preparing specimens. BIBLIOGRAPHY Britton, N.L. and A. Brown. 1913. An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada, and the British Possessions. 2nd ed. 3 volumes. New York: [Charles Scribner and Sons]. Bull, R.Z. 1932. Vascular Plants of Greer County, Oklahoma [Master’s thesis]. Norman (OK): University of Oklahoma. Eskew, C.T. 1937. Flowering Plants of the Wichita National Forest [Master’s thesis]. Norman (OK): University of Oklahoma. Featherly, H.I. 1938. Grasses of Oklahoma. Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin No. 3. Stillwater (OK): Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College. Featherly, H.I. and E.E. Still. 1934. The Ferns of Oklahoma. Botanical Studies No. 1. Experiment Station Circular No. 80. Stillwater (OK): Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College. Goke, A.W. and C.A. Holopeter. 1931. Soil Survey of Kiowa County, Oklahoma. United States Department of Agriculture Bulletin No. 14. Hitchock, A.S. 1935. Manual of the Grasses of the United States. Misc. Pub. No. 200. Washington (DC): Government Printing Office. Jeffs, R.E. and E.L. Little, Jr. A Preliminary List of the Ferns and Seed Plants of Oklahoma. University of Oklahoma Biological Survey, Vol. 11, No. 2. Little, E.L., Jr. Flora of Muskogee County, Oklahoma. 1938. The American Midland Naturalist 19:369-389. Mattoon, W.R. and G.G. Phillips. 1936. Forest Trees of Oklahoma. Oklahoma Forest Commission Publication No. 1. Reprint No. 4. United States Department of Agriculture. Robinson, B.L. and M.L. Fernald. 1908. Gray’s New Manual of Botany. 7th ed. New York: American Book Company. Rydberg, P.A. 1932. Flora of the Prairies and Plains of Central North America. New York: [New York Botanical Garden]. Sawyer, R.W. 1929. Kiowa and Washita counties, Oklahoma. Geological Survey Bulletin 40HH. Small, J.K. 1913. Flora of the Southeastern United States. 2nd ed. New York: [published by author]. Stemen, T.R. and W.S. Meyers. 1937. Oklahoma Flora. Oklahoma City: Harlow. Wahlgren, H.F. [date unknown]. Climatological Data. United States Department of Agriculture. Weather Bureau. Oklahoma City. 10 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 14, December 2014 Lottie Opal Baldock Figure Map of Kiowa County, Oklahoma Oklahoma Native Plant Record 11 Volume 14, December 2014 Lottie Opal Baldock APPENDIX A List of Species, Kiowa County, OK [Nomenclature has been updated using the PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov/plants).] PTERIDOPHYTA Dryopteridaceae [Polypodiaceae] Woodsia obtusa (Spreng.) Torr. blunt-lobed woodsia mountainsides Marsileaceae Marsilea vestita Hook. & Grev. water fern, hairy pepperwort low places, pastures Pteridaceae [Polypodiaceae] Cheilanthes eatonii Baker Eaton’s lip fern mountainsides Cheilanthes lanosa (Michx.) D.C. Eaton hairy lip fern mountainsides [=Cheilanthes lanulosa (Michx.) Watt] Notholaena standleyi Maxon Standley’s notholaena mountainsides Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link purple cliff brake mountainsides SPERMATOPHYTA Gymnosperms Cupressaceae [Pinaceae] Juniperus virginiana L. red cedar hillsides Angiosperms Acanthaceae Ruellia pedunculata Torr. ex A. Gray stalked ruellia mountainsides; summer, fall Ruellia sp. hairy ruelllia rivers; summer, fall [=Ruellia ciliosa Pursh, misapplied] Agavaceae [Liliaceae] Yucca glauca Nutt. yucca, bear-grass, soap weed pastures, roadsides; spring Aizoaceae Mollugo verticillata L. carpet-weed pastures, common; summer Amaranthaceae Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson prostrate amaranth fields, pastures, common; summer 12 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 14, December 2014 Lottie Opal Baldock Amaranthus hybridus L. dark green pig-weed pastures; spring to fall Amaranthus retroflexus L. red root roadsides; spring, summer Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer western water-hemp pastures; summer Anacardiaceae Rhus aromatica Aiton fragrant sumac, sumac mountains, streams; [=Rhus canadense Mill., Rhus trilobata Nutt.] spring, summer Rhus glabra L. smooth upland sumac creeks, hillsides; common; summer Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze poison ivy mountainsides, streams; summer Apocynaceae Amsonia tabernaemontana Walter broad-leaved amsonia mountain ravines; spring Apocynum cannabinum L. dogbane, Indian hemp roadsides; common; summer Asclepiadaceae Asclepias amplexicaulis Sm. milkweed, silkweed near rivers; spring, summer Asclepias asperula (Decne.) Woodson ssp. milkweed mountainsides; capricornu (Woodson) Woodson spring [=Asclepiodora decumbens (Nutt.) A. Gray] Asclepias engelmanniana Woodson green milkweed roadsides; summer [=Acerates auriculata Engelm. ex Torr.] Asclepias latifolia (Torr.) Raf. broad-leaved milkweed dry sandy soils; summer Asclepias stenophylla A. Gray narrow-leaved milkweed prairies; summer [incl. Acerates angustifolia (Nutt.) Decne.] Asclepias tuberosa L. butterfly weed sand, near rivers; spring, summer Asclepias verticillata L. whorled milkweed mountainsides; spring, summer Asclepias viridiflora Raf. green milkweed prairies; summer [=Acerates viridiflora (Raf.) Pursh ex Eaton] Asclepias viridis Walter oblong-leaved milkweed prairies; summer [=Asclepiodora viridis (Walter) A. Gray] Gonolobus suberosus (L.) R. Br. large-leaved angle-pod rivers; early summer [=Vincetoxicum gonocarpos Walter] Boraginaceae Heliotropium convolvulaceum (Nutt.) A. Gray sand heliotrope rivers; late summer Heliotropium indicum L. Indian heliotrope pastures, creeks; spring to fall Oklahoma Native Plant Record 13 Volume 14, December 2014 Lottie Opal Baldock Lappula occidentalis (S. Watson) western stick-weed mountainsides; Greene [=Lappula redowskii (Hornem.) spring Greene var. occidentalis (S. Watson) Rydb.] Lithospermum incisum Lehm. puccoon dry sandy soils; [=Lithospermum angustifolium Michx.] spring Myosotis verna Nutt. spring or early scorpion-grass sand near rivers; [=Myosotis virginica (L.) Britton, Sterns & spring Poggenb., misapplied] Onosmodium bejariense DC. ex A. DC. western false gromwell prairies; summer [=Onosmodium occidentale Mack.] Cactaceae Echinocereus reichenbachii (Terscheck ex lace cactus mountainsides Walp.) J.N. Haage [=Echinocereus caespitosus (Englem.) Engelm. Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf. western prickly-pear pastures; common; spring Campanulaceae [incl. Lobeliaceae] Lobelia cardinalis L. cardinal flower, red lobelia mountain ravines; summer Lobelia spicata Lam. var. leptostachys spiked lobelia mountainsides; (A. DC.) Mack. & Bush summer [=Lobelia leptostachys A. DC.] Triodanis leptocarpa (Nutt.) Nieuwl. western Venus’s looking-glass pastures; spring, [=Specularia leptocarpa (Nutt.) A. Gray] summer Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. Venus’s looking-glass prairies, streams; [=Specularia perfoliata (L.) A. DC.] spring, summer Capparaceae Cleome serrulata Pursh pink cleome, stinking clover prairies; summer Cleomella angustifolia Torr. Caprifoliaceae Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench coral-berry, Indian currant streams; summer Viburnum rufidulum Raf. southern black-haw mountainsides; spring Caryophyllaceae [incl. Illecebraceae] Cerastium brachypodum (Engelm. ex A. Gray) short-stalked chickweed prairies; spring B.L. Rob. Cerastium nutans Raf. long-stalked chickweed mountainsides; spring Paronychia jamesii Torr. & A. Gray James’s whitlow-wort prairies; summer Silene antirrhina L. sleepy catchfly roadsides; spring Stellaria media (L.) Vill. common chickweed, starwort low damp places; early spring 14 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 14, December 2014 Lottie Opal Baldock Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium album L. lamb’s quarters roadsides, common; summer Cycloloma atriplicifolium (Spreng.) J.M. Coult. sand tumbleweed rivers; summer Monolepis nuttalliana (Schult.) Greene monolepis common near dwellings; spring Salsola tragus L. Russian thistle roadsides, cultivated [=Salsola kali L., misapplied] soil; summer Commelinaceae Commelina erecta L. slender day-flower, mountainsides, [incl. Commelina crispa Woot.] crinkle-leaved day-flower creeks; spring, summer, fall Commelina virginica L. Virginia day-flower, mountain ravines, [incl. Commelina hirtella Vahl] bearded day-flower streams; summer Tradescantia occidentalis (Britton) Smyth western spiderwort, trinity mountainsides; spring Compositae Achillea millefolium L. common yarrow, wooly roadsides, prairies, [incl. Achillea lanulosa Nutt.] common yarrow creeks; summer Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. ragweed ravines; summer, fall Ambrosia psilostachya DC. western ragweed roadsides, pastures; fall Ambrosia trifida L. great ragsweed creeks; summer, fall Amphiachyris dracunculoides (DC.) Nutt. August flower kindling-weed roadsides; fall Aphanostephus ramosissimus DC. sand-daisy hillsides; summer [=Aphanostephus humilis (Benth.) A. Gray, misapplied] Aphanostephus skirrhobasis (DC.) Trel. white-flowered sand-daisy rivers; summer Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. dark-leaved mugwort dry hillsides near rivers; late summer Baccharis salicina Torr. & A. Gray willow baccharis rivers; early summer Berlandiera betonicifolia (Hook.) Small Texas berlandiera streams; summer [=Berlandiera texana DC.] Brickellia eupatorioides (L.) Shinners false boneset prairies; summer, fall Centaurea americana Nutt. centaurea roadsides; summer Chaetopappa asteroides Nutt. ex DC. chaetopappa rivers; spring Chaetopappa ericoides (Torr.) G.L. Nesom aster hillsides; summer [=Aster ericaefolius Rothr.] Chrysopsis pilosa Nutt. Nuttall’s golden aster mountainsides; summer, fall Chrysopsis sp. hispid golden aster rivers; summer [=Chrysopsis villosa (Pursh) Nutt. ex DC. var. hispida (Hook.) A. Gray, misapplied] Oklahoma Native Plant Record 15 Volume 14, December 2014 Lottie Opal Baldock Cirsium ochrocentrum A. Gray yellow-spined thistle prairie pastures; summer Cirsium sp. field thistle roadsides; common; [=Cirsium discolor (Muhl. ex Willd.) Spreng., summer misapplied] Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist horsetail, horse-weed pastures; summer, [=Erigeron canadensis L.] fall Coreopsis grandiflora Hogg ex Sweet large-flowered coreopsis rivers; summer Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. golden coreopsis, streams; spring, garden tickseed summer Coreopsis sp. whorled tickseed rivers; late summer [=Coreopsis verticillata L., misapplied] Dracopis amplexicaulis (Vahl) Cass. cone flower streams; late spring [=Rudbeckia amplexicaulis Vahl] Echinacea angustifolia DC. narrow-leaved purple hillsides; spring to [=Brauneria angustifolia (DC.) A. Heller] cone-flower fall Engelmannia peristenia (Raf.) Goodman & engelmannia hillsides; summer C.A. Lawson [=Engelmannia pinnatifida A. Gray ex. Nutt.] Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd. daisy fleabane pastures; spring [=Erigeron ramosus (Walter) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.] Euthamia gymnospermoides Greene viscid bushy goldenrod prairies; late summer Evax prolifera Nutt. ex DC. rabbit tobacco roadsides, pastures; spring, summer Evax verna Raf. rabbit tobacco roadsides, pastures; [=Evax multicaulis DC.] common; spring, early summer Flaveria campestris J.R. Johnst. plains flaveria dry plains; late summer Gaillardia pulchella Foug. showy gaillardia hillsides; summer, fall Gaillardia suavis (A. Gray & Engelm.) Britton cut-leaved rayless prairie roadsides; & Rusby three-nerved gaillardia spring Gaillardia sp. gaillardia roadsides; common; [=Gaillardia aristata Pursh, misapplied] summer Grindelia papposa G.L. Nesom & Suh rosin-weed prairie roadsides; [=Haplopappus ciliatus (Nutt.) DC.] spring to fall Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal broad-leaved gum plant, rivers; summer, fall rosin-weed Helenium amarum (Raf.) H. Rock var. amarum fine-leaved sneezeweed creeks; summer [=Helenium tenuifolium Nutt.] Helenium amarum (Raf.) H. Rock var. badium fine-leaved sneezeweed streams; summer (A. Gray ex S. Watson) Waterf. [=Helenium tenuifolium Nutt. var. badium A. Gray ex S. Watson] 16 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 14, December 2014 Lottie Opal Baldock Helenium autumnale L. false or swamp sunflower creeks; late summer Helianthus annuus L. common sunflower prairies; common; summer Helianthus hirsutus Raf. stiff-haired sunflower mountainsides; summer Helianthus maximiliani Schrad. Maximilian’s sunflower prairies; late summer Helianthus petiolaris Nutt. sunflower roadsides; common; summer Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britton & Rusby heterotheca hillsides; summer Hymenopappus scabiosaeus L’Hér. var. corymbed, smooth roadside ditches; corymbosus (Torr. & A. Gray) B.L. Turner hymenopappus summer [=Hymenopappus corymbosus Torr. & A. Gray] Hymenopappus scabiosaeus L’Hér. var. Carolina hymenopappus roadsides; spring scabiosaeus [=Hymenopappus carolinensis (Lam.) Porter] Hymenopappus tenuifolius Pursh wooly white hymenopappus prairies; spring to fall Iva annua L. rough marsh elder creeks; late summer [=Iva ciliata Willd.] Lactuca ludoviciana (Nutt.) Riddell western lettuce prairies; common; summer to fall Lactuca sp. prickly lettuce fields, pastures; late [=Lactuca virosa L., misapplied] summer Liatris punctata Hook. dotted button snakeroot, prairies; late small blazing star summer Liatris squarrosa (L.) Michx. scaly blazing star roadsides; summer Packera plattensis (Nutt.) W.A. Weber & prairie ragwort pastures, prairies; Á. Löve [=Senecio plattensis Nutt.] spring Pyrrhopappus carolilnianus (Walter) DC. leaf-stemmed false dandelion fields; infrequent; spring Pyrrhopappus grandiflorus (Nutt.) Nutt. rough false dandelion roadsides; prairies; [=Pyrrhopappus scaposus DC.] spring Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl. lepachys, cone-flower common; late [=Lepachys columnaris (Pursh) Torr. A. Gray] spring, summer Senecio riddellii Torr. & A. Gray Riddell’s ragwort prairies; late summer Silphium integrifolium Michx. entire-leaved rosin-weed prairies; late summer Silphiium laciniatum L. compass-plant prairies; common; summer Solidago altissima L. tall goldenrod hillsides; late summer Solidago arguta Aiton var. boottii (Hook.) Boott’s goldenrod, mountains; summer, Palmer & Steyerm. wreath goldenrod fall [=Solidago boottii Hook.] Oklahoma Native Plant Record 17 Volume 14, December 2014 Lottie Opal Baldock Solidago gigantea Aiton late goldenrod creeks; late summer [=Solidago serotina Aiton] Solidago missouriensis Nutt. Missouri goldenrod mountainsides; summer Solidago petiolaris Aiton downy ragged goldenrod fields; fall Solidago radula Nutt. western rough goldenrod prairies; summer Sonchus asper (L.) Hill spiny sow-thistle roadsides; spring to fall Symphyotrichum divaricatum (Nutt.) slim aster creeks; summer G.L. Nesom [Aster exilis Elliott] Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) G.L. Nesom many-flowered aster prairies; summer, [=Aster multiflorus Aiton] fall Symphyotrichum falcatum (Lindl.) G.L. aster prairies; spring Nesom var. commutatum (Torr. & A. Gray) G.L. Nesom [=Aster commutatus (Torr. & A. Gray) A. Gray] Symphyotrichum fendleri (A. Gray) G.L. Fendler’s aster pastures; summer Nesom [=Aster fendleri A. Gray] Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg. common dandelion fields, pastures; [=Taraxacum vulgare Lam.] spring to fall Tetraneuris linearifolia (Hook.) Greene fine-leaved actinea hillsides; summer [=Actinea linearifolia (Hook.) Kuntze] Tetraneuris scaposa (DC.) Greene narrow-leaved actinea rivers; summer [=Actinea scaposa (DC.) Kuntze var. linearis (Nutt.) B.L. Rob.] Thelesperma filifolium (Hook.) A. Gray thelesperma, tickseed prairies, mountains; [=Thelesperma trifidum (Poir.) Britton] common; summer to fall Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) rayless thelesperma prairies; summer Kuntze [=Thelesperma gracile (Torr.) A. Gray] Vernonia baldwinii Torr. Baldwin’s ironweed rivers; summer Vernonia gigantea (Walter) Trel. tall ironweed streams; summer [=Vernonia altissima Nutt.] Vernonia missurica Raf. Missouri ironweed prairies; fall Xanthisma texanum DC. Texas xanthisma, sleepy daisy prairies; summer Xanthium strumarium L. cocklebur, great cocklebur roadsides, ravines; [=Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallr., common; summer, Xanthium speciosum Kearney] fall Convolvulaceae Cuscuta cephalanthi Engelm. button-bush dodder parasite; summer Cuscuta cuspidata Engelm. cuspidate dodder pastures; ragweeds; summer Cuscuta indecora Choisy pretty dodder on composites; summer Evolvulus nuttallianus Schult. dwarf morning-glory prairies; summer [Evolvulus argenteus Pursh] 18 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 14, December 2014 Lottie Opal Baldock Ipomoea leptophylla Torr. bush morning-glory roadsides; early summer Ipomoea pandurata (L.) G. Mey. wild potato vine roadside ditches; summer Cornaceae Cornus drummondii C.A. Mey. rough-leaved dogwood streams; spring [=Cornus asperifolia Michx., misapplied] Cornus florida L. flowering dogwood mountainsides; spring Crassulaceae Sedum nuttallianum Raf. Nuttall’s stonecrop rocks on mountainsides; spring Cruciferae Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. shepherd’s purse fields, meadows; spring Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton tansy-mustard hillsides; spring [=Sisymbrium canescens Nutt.] Descurainia sp. western tansy-mustard prairie roadsides; [=Sisymbrium incisum Englem. ex A. Gray, spring, summer misapplied] Dimorphocarpa candicans (Raf.) Rollins spectacle pod dry, sandy soils, [=Dithyrea wislizeni Engelm.] near rivers; summer Draba brachycarpa Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray short-fruited whitlow-grass fields, pastures; early spring Draba cuneifolia Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray wedge-leaved whitlow-grass fields; common; early spring Erysimum asperum (Nutt.) DC. yellow phlox mountainsides; spring Lepidium virginicum L. wild pepper grass abundant; spring Lepidium sp. wild pepper grass roadsides; common; [=Lepidium apetalum Willd., misapplied] spring Lesquerella auriculata (Engelm. & A. Gray) hairy bladder-pod prairies; early spring S. Watson Lesquerella densiflora (A. Gray) S. Watson bladder-pod near rivers; spring Lesquerella ovalifolia Rydb. ex Britton slender bladder-pod rocky hillsides; spring Nasturtium officinale W.T. Aiton water cress streams; spring [=Radicula nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Britten & Rendle] Rorippa sessiliflora (Nutt.) Hitchc. sessile-flowered cress mountain ravines; [=Radicula sessiflora (Nutt.) Greene] spring Sibara virginica (L.) Rollins cut-leaved rock-cress mountainsides; [=Arabis virginica (L.) Poir.] early spring Oklahoma Native Plant Record 19 Volume 14, December 2014 Lottie Opal Baldock Cucurbitaceae Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth Missouri gourd fields, streams; [=Pepo foetidissima (Kunth) Britton] summer Cyperaceae Carex vulpinoidea Michx. fox sedge mountain ravines; summer Cyperus echinatus (L.) Alph. Wood globose cyperus rivers [=Cyperus ovularis (Michx.) Torr.] Cyperus esculentus L. yellow nut-grass rivers Cyperus odoratus L. coarse cyperus damp soils, [=Cyperus ferax Rich.] pastures Cyperus strigosus L. straw colored cyperus mountain ravines Eleocharis compressa Sull. flat-stemmed spike-rush ponds; summer Fuirena simplex Vahl western-umbrella-grass rivers; late summer Lipocarpha micrantha (Vahl) G. Tucker dwarf sedge riversides; summer [=Hemicarpha micrantha (Vahl) Pax] Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volkart three-cornered bulrush, damp ravines; ex Schinz & R. Keller sand-bar bulrush summer [=Scirpus americanus Pers.] Scirpus pendulus Muhl. reddish bulrush damp ravines; [=Scirpus lineatus, misapplied] summer Ebenaceae Diospyros virginiana L. persimmon mountain ravines; spring Euphorbiaceae Cnidoscolus texanus (Müll. Arg.) Small spurge nettle rivers; spring, [=Jatropha stimulosa Michx.] summer Croton capitatus Michx. goat-weed, hogwort roadsides; spring to fall Croton glandulosus L. var. septentrionalis creeks; summer Müll. Arg. Croton lindheimerianus Scheele Lindheimer’s croton-weed pastures; summer Croton texensis (Klotzsch) Müll. Arg. Texas croton roadsides; mid- summer Euphorbia dentata Michx. toothed spurge streams; summer Euphorbia spathulata Lam. reticulate-seeded spurge plains; summer [=Euphorbia dictyosperma Fisch. & C.A. Mey.] Euphorbia geyeri Engelm. & A. Gray Geyer’s spurge rivers; summer Euphorbia maculata L. spurge prairies; spring to fall Euphorbia marginata Pursh snow-on-the-mountain hillsides, rivers; summer, fall Euphorbia missurica Raf. white-flowered spurge prairies; summer [=Euphorbia petaloidea Engelm.] 20 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 14, December 2014 Lottie Opal Baldock Euphorbia nutans Lag. large spotted spurge, mountains, spring to [=Euphoribia preslii Guss.] upright spotted spurge fall Euphorbia serpens Kunth round-leaved spreading spurge prairies; spring to fall Stillingia sylvatica L. queen’s delight prairies; spring to fall Tragia ramosa Torr. branching tragia mountainsides; summer Tragia sp. catnip-leaved tragia rivers; summer [=Tragia nepetifolia Cav., misapplied] Fagaceae Quercus fusiformis Small live oak mountains; [=Quercus virginiana Mill., misapplied] pre-vernal Quercus macrocarpa Michx. bur oak, mossy-cup oak mountainsides; pre-vernal Quercus marilandica Münchh. black jack oak mountains; pre-vernal Quercus muehlenbergii Engelm.? cow oak, swamp oak mountains; spring [=Quercus prinus L.] Quercus shumardii Buckley var. schneckii Schneck’s red oak, mountains; spring (Britton) Sarg. spotted oak Quercus stellata Wangenh. post oak mountains; pre-vernal Fumariaceae Corydalis aurea Willd. golden corydalis prairies; spring Corydalis micrantha (Engelm. ex A. Gray) plains corydalis creeks, pastures, A. Gray [=Corydalis campestris (Britton) near moisture; J. Bucholz & Palmer] spring Gentianaceae Eustoma exaltatum (L.) Salisb. ex G. Don Russell’s eustoma creeks; summer [=Eustoma russellianum (Hook.) G. Don] Sabatia angularis (L.) Pursh rose pink, bitter bloom creeks; summer Sabatia campestris Nutt. prairie sabatia prairies; summer Geraniaceae Geranium carolinianum L. wild geranium mountains, streams; spring Gramineae Agrostis hyemalis (Watt) Britton, Sterns & ticklegrass mountainsides Poggenb. Alopecurus geniculatus L. foxtail streams Andropogon gerardii Vitman forked beard-grass, mountainsides [=Andropogon furcatus Muhl. ex Willd.] big blue-stem Oklahoma Native Plant Record 21 Volume 14, December 2014 Lottie Opal Baldock Aristida dichotoma Michx. aristida prairies; summer Aristida oligantha Michx. few-flowered aristida pastures; summer Aristida purpurascens Poir. purplish aristida pastures, roadsides Aristida purpurea Nutt. purple three-awn prairies; spring Bothriochloa laguroides (DC.) Herter ssp. andropogon creeks; summer torreyana (Steud.) Allred & Gould Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. fall grama-grass prairies; summer Bouteloua dactyloides (Nutt.) J.T. Columbus buffalo grass pastures; summer [=Buchlöe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.] Bouteloua gracilis (Willd. ex Kunth) Lag. blue grama-grass pastures; summer, ex. Griffiths fall Bouteloua hirsuta Lag. hairy mesquite-grass pastures; summer Bouteloua sp. bouteloua creeks; spring, [=Bouteloua breviseta Vasey, not in OK] summer Bromus arvensis L. field chess roadsides; summer Bromus catharticus Vahl brome grass pastures, roadsides; [=Bromus unioloides Kunth] spring Bromus racemosus L. brome grass roadsides; common; [=Bromus commutatus Schrad.] summer Cenchrus spinifex Cav. field sandbur rivers; summer [=Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth.] Chasmanthium latifolium (Michx.) Yates broadleaf uniola mountains; autumn [=Uniola latifolia Michx.] Chloris verticillata Nutt. windmill grass prairies; common; spring Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Bermuda grass roadsides; common Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & panicum mountain ravines C.A. Clark [=Panicum tennesseense Ashe] Digitaria cognata (Schult.) Pilg. diffuse crag-grass fields; fall [=Leptoloma cognata (Schult.) Chase] Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. large crab-grass fields Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. barnyard grass streams Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. goosegrass pastures Elymus canadensis L. Canada wild-rye streams, ravines Elymus glabriflorus (Vasey ex L.H. Dewey) Virginia wild-rye streams Scribn. & C.R. Ball [=E. virginicus L. var. glabriflorus (Vasey) Bush] Elymus repens (L.) Gould couch grass fields; summer [=Agropyron repens (L.) P. Beauv.] Eragrostis capillaris (L.) Nees lace-grass prairies; summer Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vign. ex Janchen stinkgrass fields, roadsides; summer Eragrostis curtipedicellata Buckley short-stalked love-grass roadsides, pastures; summer Eragrostis secundiflora J. Presl love-grass near river; summer Eragrostis trichodes (Nutt.) Alph. Wood eragrostis near river; summer 22 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 14, December 2014 Lottie Opal Baldock Erioneuron pilosum (Buckley) Nash hairy triodia mountainsides; [=Triodia pilosa (Buckley) Merr.] spring Hordeum pusillum Nutt. little barley prairies; spring Melica nitens (Scribn.) Nutt. ex Piper three-flower melic mountainsides; spring Panicum anceps Michx. panicum rivers Panicum capillare L. witch-grass, tumbleweed fields; summer Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. fall panicum streams; fall Panicum obtusum Kunth blunt panic-grass, range-grass rivers Panicum rigidulum Bosc ex Nees panicum streams [=Panicum agrostoides Spreng.] Panicum virgatum L. switch-grass, wild red-top creeks; fall Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) Á. Löve western wheat-grass prairies; spring, [=Agropyron smithii Rydb.] summer Paspalum setaceum Michx. paspalum along rivers [=Paspalum pubescens Muhl. ex Willd.] Phalaris caroliniana Walter Carolina canary-grass moist places, roadsides; spring Poa arachnifera Torr. Texas blue grass highways, hillsides; spring Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Trel. Texas crab-grass, wire-grass prairies; common; summer Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash prairie beard-grass roadsides Setaria parviflora (Poir.) Kerguélen knot-root bristle-grass creeks, roadsides; [=Setaria geniculata (Willd.) P. Beauv.] spring Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. yellow fox-tail roadsides; common; [=Setaria lutescens (Weigel) F.T. Hubbard] late spring Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv. green foxtail-grass fields; summer Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash Indian-grass mountains; fall Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. Johnson grass roadside ditches; summer Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. prairie wedge grass streams Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) A. Gray sand dropseed rivers; summer, fall Tridens flavus (L.) Hitchc. purpletop mountains, ravines [=Triodia flava (L.) Smyth] Vulpia octoflora (Walter) Rydb. six-weeks fescue fields, pastures; [=Festuca octoflora] spring Grossulariaceae [Saxifragaceae] Ribes aureum Pursh Missouri or buffalo currant hillsides, streams; spring Hydrophyllaceae Phacelia hirsuta Nutt. hairy phacelia prairies; spirng Phacelia sp. small-flowered phacelia prairies; spring [=Phacelia dubia (L.) Trel., misapplied] Oklahoma Native Plant Record 23 Volume 14, December 2014 Lottie Opal Baldock Iridaceae Sisyrinchium angustifolium Mill. blue-eyed grass , creeks, prairies; [incl. Sisyrinchium gramineum Curtis] stout blue-eyed grass spring Sisyrinchium langloisii Greene variable blue-eyed grass prairies; spring [=Sisyrinchium varians E.P. Bicknell] Juglandaceae Carya illinoinensis (Wagenh.) K. Koch pecan streams; spring Juglans microcarpa Berl. little walnut creeks; spring [=Juglans rupestris Engelm. ex Torr.] Juglans nigra L. black walnut creeks; spring Juncaceae Juncus biflorus Elliott large grass-leaved rush riversides [=Juncus aristulatus Michx.] Juncus brachycarpus Engelm. rush roadside ditches; summer Juncus interior Wiegand Indian rush roadside ditches; summer Juncus marginatus Rostk. awn-petaled rush rivers; summer Juncus torreyi Coville Torrey’s rush rivers; summer Krameriaceae [Leguminosae] Krameria lanceolata Torr. bank-bur prairie roadsides; [=Krameria secundiflora DC., misapplied] common; summer Labiatae Hedeoma hispida Pursh rough or little pennyroyal plains; summer Lamium amplexicaule L. henbit, dead nettle fields, roadsides; early spring Monarda citriodora Cerv. ex Lag. purple lemon mint praries; summer [=Monarda dispersa Small] Monarda fistulosa L. horse mint, wild bergamot ravines; early summer Monarda punctata L. horse mint dry sandy soils; summer Salvia azurea Michx. ex Lam. var. grandiflora tall blue sage plains; spring, Benth. summer Salvia reflexa Hornem. lance-leaved sage creeks; spring, [=Salvia lancaefolia Poir.] summer Scutellaria drummondii Benth. Drummond’s skullcap roadside ditches; common; spring Scutellaria wrightii A. Gray Wright’s skullcap hillsides; spring Teucrium canadense L. germander, wood sage ravines; summer 24 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 14, December 2014 Lottie Opal Baldock Leguminosae Acacia angustissima (Mill.) Kuntze acacia sandy soils, near rivers; summer Amopha canescens Pursh lead-plant, devil’s shoe-string creeks; summer Amorpha fruticosa L. river-locust, false indigo streams; summer Astragalus canadensis L. tall astragalus creeks; summer Astragalus crassicarpus Nutt. ground plum creeks, pastures; [=Astragalus caryocarpus Ker Gawl.] spring Astragalus lotiflorus Hook. low astragalus prairies; spring Astragalus nuttallianus DC. Annual astragalus prairies; spring Baptisia australis (L.) R. Br. blue false indigo mountainsides; spring Baptisia bracteata Muhl. ex Elliott false indigo mountainsides; spring Cercis canadensis L. redbud, Judas tree creeks, mountain ravines; pre-vernal Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.) Greene partridge pea fields, pastures; [=Cassia chamaecrista L.] summer Dalea aurea Nutt. ex Pursh golden parosela hillsides; summer [=Parosela aurea (Nutt. ex Pursh) Britton] Dalea candida Michx. ex Willd. white prairie clover near rivers, sandy [=Petalostemon candidus Michx.] soils; summer Dalea enneandra Nutt. slender parosela rivers; summer [=Parosela enneandra (Nutt.) Britton] Dalea multiflora (Nutt.) Shinners round-headed prairie clover prairies; summer [=Petalostemon multiflorus Nutt.] Dalea purpurea Vent. purple prairie-clover prairies; summer [=Petalostemon purpureus (Vent.) Rydb.] Dalea sp. slender white prairie clover prairies; summer [=Petalostemon gracilis Nutt., misapplied] Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacMill. ex Illinois desmanthus rivers; summer B.L. Rob. & Fernald Desmodium cuspidatum (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. pointed-leaved tick trefoil, prairies; summer [=Desmodium grandiflorum DC.] sticktight Desmodium sessilifolium (Torr.) Torr. & sessile-leaved tick-trefoil mountains; summer A. Gray Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh wild liquorice dry sands, roadsides; summer Gymnoclados dioicus (L.) K. Koch Kentucky coffee-tree ravines; spring Hoffmannseggia glauca (Ortega) Eifert blue-weed prairies; spring [=Hoffmannseggia falcaria Cav.] Indigofera miniata Ortega western indigo plant prairies; summer to [=Indigofera leptosepala Nutt. ex Torr. & fall A. Gray] Lathyrus pusillus Elliott low wild pea rivers; spring Lotus unifoliolatus (Hook.) Benth. prairie bird’s foot, trefoil prairies; summer [=Hosackia americana (Nutt.) Piper] Oklahoma Native Plant Record 25 Volume 14, December 2014 Lottie Opal Baldock Medicago sativa L. alfalfa escaped cultivation, fields, roadsides; spring, summer Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. yellow meliot, sweet clover roadsides; abundant; summer Mimosa microphylla Dryand. sensitive brier roadside ditches; [=Schrankia angustata Torr. & A. Gray, common; summer Schrankia uncinata Willd.] Neptunia lutea (Leavenworth) Benth. neptunia mountain ravines; summer Pediomelum cuspidatum (Pursh) Rydb. large-bracted psoralea prairies; spring [=Psoralea cuspidata Pursh] Pomaria jamesii (Torr. & A. Gray) Walp. James’s hoffmannseggia prairies; early [=Hoffmannseggia jamesii Torr. & A. Gray] summer Prosopis glandulosa Torr. var. glandulosa prairie mesquite prairies; common; [=Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. var. glandulosa late spring (Torr.) Cockerell] Psoralidium tenuiflorum (Pursh) Rydb. few-flowered psoralea prairies; spring to [=Psoralea tenuiflora Pursh] fall Robinia pseudoacacia L. black or yellow locust low waste places, cultivated; summer Vicia caroliniana Walter pale vetch prairies; spring Liliaceae [incl. Amaryllidaceae] Allium canadense L. var. mobilense (Regel) wild onion damp soils, Ownbey [=Allium mutabile Michx.] roadsides; spring Allium drummondii Regel Nuttall’s wild onion roadsides; spring [=Allium nuttallii S. Watson] Allium textile A. Nelson & J.F. Macbr. wild onion mountain ravines; [=Allium reticulatum G. Don] late spring Androstephium coeruleum (Scheele) Greene androstephium prairies, rare; early spring Camassia scilloides (Raf.) Cory hyacinth, eastern camas mountain ravines [=Camassia esculenta (Raf.) Cory] Cooperia drummondii Herb. prairie lily mountain ravines; spring Nothoscordum bivalve (L.) Britton yellow false garlic pastures, fields; spring, fall Polygonatum biflorum (Walter) Elliott great Solomon’s seal damp shady places; summer Linaceae Linum lewisii Pursh Lewis’s wild flax roadsides; spring Linum rigidum Pursh large-flowered yellow flax prairies; spring Linum sulcatum Riddell prairies; summer 26 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 14, December 2014 Lottie Opal Baldock Loasaceae Mentzelia decapetala (Pursh ex Sims) stick-leaf sand, near rivers; Urb. & Gilg ex Gilg summer Mentzelia oligosperma Nutt. ex Sims stick-leaf, few seeded rivers; summer mentzelia Lythraceae Ammannia coccinea Rottb. long-leaved ammannia mountain ravines; summer Malvaceae Callirhoe involucrata (Torr. & A. Gray) A. Gray purple poppy mallow roadside ditches; common; spring Callirhoe papaver (Cav.) A. Gray larger purple poppy mallow creeks; spring, summer Sphaeralcea coccinea (Nutt.) Rydb. red false-mallow roadsides; common; [=Malvastrum coccineum (Nutt.) A. Gray] spring Martyniaceae Proboscidea louisianica (Mill.) Thell. unicorn plant cultivated soils; [=Martynia louisiana Mill.] summer Menispermaceae Cocculus carolinus (L.) DC. Carolina moonseed streams; summer Moraceae [Urticaceae] Morus rubra L. red mulberry; wild mulberry creeks; spring Nyctaginaceae Mirabilis albida (Walter) Heimerl white oxybaphus roadsides, dry sand; [=Oxybaphus albidus (Walter) Sweet] summer Mirabilis hirsuta (Pursh) MacMill. hairy oxybaphus dry soils, roadsides; [=Oxybaphus hirsutus (Pursh) Sweet] summer Mirabilis linearis (Pursh) Heimerl oxybaphus prairies; summer [=Oxybaphus linearis (Pursh) B.L. Rob.] Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacMill. petioled wild four-o’clock creeks; spring [=Oxybaphus nyctagineus (Michx.) Sweet] Oleaceae Fraxinus americana L. white ash creeks; spring, summer Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall red ash mountain ravines; spring Onagraceae Ludwigia peploides (Kunth) P.H. Raven creeping primrose-willow ponds; summer [=Jussiaea repens L.] Oklahoma Native Plant Record 27 Volume 14, December 2014 Lottie Opal Baldock Oenothera cinerea (Wooton & Standl.) W.L. wooly gaura creeks; summer Wagner & Hoch [=Gaura villosa Torr.] Oenothera curtiflora W.L. Wagner & Hoch gaura dry sandy soils; [=Gaura parviflora Douglas ex Lehm.] summer Oenothera glaucifolia W.L. Wagner & Hoch flax-leaved stenosiphon sandy soils near [=Stenosiphon linifolius (Nutt. ex E. James) rivers; summer Heynh.] Oenothera grandis (Britton) Smyth evening-primrose hillsides; spring [=Oenothera laciniata Hill var. grandiflora (S. Watson) B.L. Rob.] Oenothera hartwegii Benth. evening-primrose plains; summer Oenothera laciniata Hill evening-primrose sand, near rivers; summer Oenothera macrocarpa Nutt. Missouri evening-primrose hillsides; summer [=Oenothera missouriensis Sims] Oenothera rhombipetala Nutt. ex Torr. & evening-primrose near rivers; summer A. Gray Oenothera serrulata Nutt. tooth-leaved primrose pastures, roadsides; summer Oenothera sinuosa W.L. Wagner & Hoch wavy-leaved gaura hillsides; summer [=Gaura sinuata Nutt. ex Ser.] Oenothera speciosa Nutt. showy evening-primrose prairies; spring Oenothera suffrutescens (Ser.) W.L. Wagner scarlet gaura roadside ditches, & Hoch [=Gaura coccinea Nutt. ex Pursh] mountainsides; spring Oenothera triloba Nutt. three-lobed evening-primrose rivers; summer Oenothera sp. biennial gaura rivers; summer [=Gaura biennis L., misapplied] Oenothera sp. evening-primrose near rivers; summer [=Oenothera humifusa Nutt., misapplied] Oenothera sp. evening-primrose sandy soils, near [=Oenothera oakesiana (A. Gray) J.W. rivers; summer Robbins ex S. Watson & J.M. Coult., misapplied] Oxalidaceae Oxalis corniculata L. yellow or procumbent wood- damp soils, sorrel mountainsides; spring Oxalis stricta L. upright yellow wood-sorrel damp soils, mountainsides; spring Oxalis violacea L. violet wood-sorrel damp soils, creeks, mountainsides; spring 28 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 14, December 2014 Lottie Opal Baldock Papaveraceae Argemone albiflora Hornem. white prickly poppy roadsides; spring, [=Argemone alba Lestib. f.] summer Argemone polyanthemos (Fedde) G.B. prickly poppy roadsides; summer Ownbey [=Argemone intermedia Sweet] Phrymaceae Phryma leptostachya L. lop-seed mountains; summer Phytolaccaceae Phytolacca americana L. pokeweed creek banks; summer Plantaginaceae Plantago aristata Michx. ribwort prairies; common; spring Plantago patagonica Jacq. Pursh’s plantain pastures, roadsides; [=Plantago purshii Roem. & Schult.] spring Plantago rhodosperma Decne. red-seeded plantain rivers; early spring Plantago virginica L. dwarf plantain creeks; spring Polemoniaceae Ipomopsis rubra (L.) Wherry red gilia mountainsides; [=Gilia rubra (L.) A. Heller] summer Phlox pilosa L. phlox prairie roadsides; spring, summer Polygalaceae Polygala alba Nutt. white milkwort prairies; summer Polygonaceae Eriogonum annuum Nutt. annual gray-weed prairies; summer Eriogonum longifolium Nutt. long-leaved gray-weed rivers; summer, fall Polygonum aviculare L. joint-weed, pink-weed near dwellings; summer Polygonum hydropiper L. common smart-weed lakes; late summer Polygonum lapathifolium L. dock-leaved joint-weed ravines; summer Polygonum pensylvanicum L. showy joint-weed streams; summer Polygonum punctatum Elliott water smart-weed, dotted mountain ravines; [=Polygonum acre Kunth] water pepper summer, fall Polygonum ramosissimum Michx. bushy joint-weed rivers; summer Polygonum tenue Michx. slender joint-weed mountains; summer Rumex altissimus Alph. Wood tall dock roadsides; summer Rumex crispus L. dock, curly dock damp soils, [incl. Rumex elongatus Guss.] mountains; spring, summer Oklahoma Native Plant Record 29 Volume 14, December 2014 Lottie Opal Baldock Portulacaceae [incl. Caryophyllaceae, in part] Claytonia virginica L. spring beauty creeks, pastures; common; early spring Primulaceae Androsace occidentalis Pursh androsace pastures, fields; early spring Samolus valerandi L. water pimpernel, brookweed streams; summer [=Samolus floribundus Kunth] Ranunculaceae Anemone berlandieri Pritz. ten-petaled anemone pastures; spring [=Anemone decapetala Ard.] Anemone caroliniana Walter Carolina anemone pastures; common; March, April Clematis pitcheri Torr. & A. Gray virgin’s bower, leather-flower creeks, mountain ravines; spring Delphinium carolinianum Walter ssp. larkspur mountains, virescens (Nutt.) R.E. Brooks roadsides; spring [=Delphinium penardii Huth] Myosurus minimus L. mouse tail streams, fields; early spring Rhamnaceae Ceanothus americanus L. New Jersey tea mountains, streams; spring Rosaceae Crataegus crus-galli L. cock-spur haw, red raw rivers; spring Crataegus viridis L. southern thorn streams; early spring Geum canadense Jacq. white avena mountain ravines; summer Prunus americana Marshall wild yellow or red plum rivers; spring Prunus angustifolia Marshall Chickasaw plum roadside ditches, near rivers; spring Rubus argutus Link bramble rivers; spring Rubus sp. Bailey’s blackberry mountainsides; [=Rubus baileyanus Britton, misapplied] spring Rubiaceae Cephalanthus occidentalis L. button-bush streams, mountains; late spring Diodia teres Walter rough button-weed rivers; summer Galium aparine L. cleavers mountains, streams; spring 30 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 14, December 2014 Lottie Opal Baldock Galium pilosum Aiton hairy bedstraw mountains, streams; summer Houstonia pusilla Schoepf bluets creeks, pastures; [=Houstonia minima Beck] early spring Stenaria nigricans (Lam.) Terrell narrow-leaved houstonia mountains; spring [=Houstonia angustifolia Michx.] Rutaceae Ptelea trifoliata L. tree-leaved hop-tree mountainsides; spring Salicaceae Populus deltoides W. Bartram ex Marshall cottonwood, necklace poplar creeks; pre-vernal Salix nigra Marshall black willow damp soils, streams; spring Sapotaceae Sideroxylon lanuginosum Michx. chittim-wood, wooly buckthorn mountainsides; [=Bumelia lanuginosa (Michx.) Pers.] summer Smilacaceae [Liliaceae] Smilax bona-nox L. spiny-leaved greenbrier creeks; spring Smilax herbacea L. carrion flower mountain ravines; summer Smilax rotundifolia L. common greenbrier, creeks; spring horse-brier Santalaceae Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. ssp. pallida bastard toad-flax dry sandy soils, (A. DC.) Piehl near rivers; spring [=Comandra pallida A. DC.] Sapindaceae Sapindus saponaria L. var drummondii wild China-tree, Drummond’s creeks; spring (Hook. & Arn.) L.D. Benson soapberry [=Sapindus drummondii Hook. & Arn.] Scrophulariaceae Castilleja purpurea (Nutt.) G. Don var. Indian paint brush mountains, lindheimeri (A. Gray) Shinners pastures; spring [=Castilleja lindheimeri A. Gray] Castilleja sessiliflora Pursh downy painted-cup mountainsides; summer Collinsia violacea Nutt. violet or narrow-leaved mountainsides; collinsia spring Nuttallanthus canadensis (L.) D.A. Sutton linaria mountains; spring [=Linaria canadensis (L.) Chaz.] Oklahoma Native Plant Record 31 Volume 14, December 2014 Lottie Opal Baldock Penstemon cobaea Nutt. beard-tongue prairies; late spring Penstemon tubaeflorus Nutt. funnel-shaped beard-tongue creeks; summer Penstemon sp. sharp-leaved beard-tongue hillsides; summer [=Penstemon acuminatus Douglas ex Lindl., misapplied] Veronica agrestis L. field speedwell fields, pastures; spring Veronica peregrina L. neckweed purslane, l creeks; early spring speedwell Solanaceae Chamaesaracha sp. hairy chamaesaracha roadsides; summer [=Chamaesaracha sordida (Dunal) A. Gray, misapplied] Datura stramonium L. jimson weed roadsides; summer Physalis cinerascens (Dunal) Hitchc. ground-cherry creeks; spring [=Physalis viscosa L., misapplied] Physalis longifolia Nutt.var. longifolia smooth ground-cherry creeks; spring Physalis longifolia Nutt. var. subglabrata smooth ground-cherry sandy soils, near {Mack. & Bush) Cronq. rivers; summer [=Physalis subglabrata Mack. & Bush] Physalis mollis Nutt. velvety ground-cherry roadsides; summer Quincula lobata (Torr.) Raf. purple-flowered ground-cherry roadsides, prairies; [=Physalis lobata Torr.] spring, early summer Solanum carolinense L. horse nettle prairies; common; spring, summer Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. horse nettle pastures, roadsides; common; spring, summer Solanum rostratum Dunal buffalo bur abundant; summer, fall Solanum sp. nightshade dry sandy soils; [=Solanum nigrum L., misapplied] summer Tamaricaceae Tamarix sp. tamarish damp sandy soils; [=Tamarix gallica L., misapplied] summer Typhaceae Typha latifolia L. broad-leaved cat-tail ponds; summer Ulmaceae [Urticaceae] Celtis laevigata Willd. southern hackberry creeks; spring Celtis occidentalis L. rough-leaved hackberry mountains, streams; early spring Ulmus americana L. white, American, or water elm creeks; early spring 32 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 14, December 2014 Lottie Opal Baldock Ulmus rubra Muhl. slippery or red elm mountain ravines; [=Ulmus fulva Michx.] spring Umbelliferae Chaerophyllum tatinturieri Hook. Teinturier’s chervil roadsides; common; spring Daucus pusillus Michx. American carrot fields, pastures; spring Lomatium foeniculaceum (Nutt.) J.M. Coult. carrot-leaved parsley rivers; summer & Rose ssp. daucifolium (Torr. & A. Gray) W.L. Theobald [=Lomatium daucifolium (Torr. & A. Gray) J.M. Coult. & Rose] Ptilimnium nuttallii (DC.) Britton Nuttall’s mock bishop-weed low places near mountains; summer Sanicula canadensis L. short-styled snake-root mountainsides; summer Spermolepis echinata (Nutt. ex DC.) A. Heller bristly-fruited spermolepis mountainsides; spring Spermolepis inermis (Nutt. ex DC.) Mathias spreading spermolepis rivers; spring & Constance [=Spermolepis patens (Nutt. ex DC.) B.L. Rob.] Valerianaceae Valerianella radiata (L.) Dufr. beaked corn salad creeks; spring Verbenaceae Glandularia bipinnatifida (Nutt.) Nutt. small-flowered verbena creeks, pastures; [=Verbena bipinnatifida Nutt.] early spring, summer Glandularia canadensis (L.) Nutt. large-flowered verbena sandy soils, near [=Verbena canadensis (L.) Britton] rivers; spring Glandularia pumila (Rydb.) Umber dwarf verbena roadsides; summer [=Verbena pumila Rydb.] Phyla cuneifolia (Torr.) Greene wedge-leaved fog-fruit hillsides; summer [=Lippia cuneifolia (Torr.) Steud.] Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene fog-fruit creeks; summer [=Lippia lanceolata Michx.] Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene spatulate-leaved fog-fruit streams; summer [=Lippia nodiflora (L.) Michx.] Verbena bracteata Cav. ex Lag. & Rodr. large-bracted verbena prairies; summer [=Verbena bracteosa Michx.] Verbena stricta Vent. hoary vervain mountainsides; summer Violaceae Viola bicolor Pursh pansy or heart’s ease streams, pastures; [=Viola rafinesquei Greene] early spring Oklahoma Native Plant Record 33 Volume 14, December 2014 Lottie Opal Baldock Viola sororia Willd. violet damp sandy soils; [=Viola papilionacea Pursh] early spring Vitaceae Ampelopsis cordata Michx. simple-leaved cissus rivers; spring [=Cissus ampelopsis Pers.] Cissus trifoliata (L.) L. rock-grape mountains; summer [=Cissus incisa Des Moulins, misapplied] Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. Virginia creeper, creeks; summer five-leaved ivy Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Engelm. ex Millard ashy or downy grape streams; spring Vitis vulpina L. frost-grape, sweet scented creeks, rivers; [incl. Vitis cordifolia Michx.] grape spring Zygophyllaceae Kallstroemia parviflora J.B.S. Norton greater caltrop rivers; summer [=Kallstroemia maxima (L.) Hook. & Arn., misapplied] Tribulus terrestris L. caltrop roadsides; common; summer 34 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 14, December 2014 Lottie Opal Baldock APPENDIX B Tabular List of the Families, Kiowa County, OK [This table includes taxa as they were in the original thesis.] Divisions, Orders, Families, Etc. Genera Species Varieties PTERIDOPHYTA Filicales Polypodiaceae 4 5 Marsileaceae 1 1 SPERMATOPHYTA Gymnospermae Coniferales Pinaceae 1 1 Angiospermae MONOCOTOLEDONEAE Pandales Typhaceae 1 1 Graminales Gramineae 31 58 2 Cyperaceae 6 11 Xyridales Commelinaceae 2 6 Liliales Juncaceae 1 6 Liliaceae 7 11 Amaryllidaceae 1 1 Iridaceae 1 3 DICOTYLEDONEAE Salicales Salicaceae 2 2 Juglandales Juglandaceae 2 3 Fagales Fagaceae 1 6 Urticales Urticaceae 4 5 1 Santalales Santalaceae 1 1 Polygonales Polygonaceae 3 12 Chenopodiales Oklahoma Native Plant Record 35 Volume 14, December 2014 Lottie Opal Baldock Chenopodiaceae 4 5 1 Amaranthaceae 3 5 Phytolaccaceae 1 1 Nyctaginaceae 1 4 Illecebraceae 1 1 Aizoaceae 1 1 Caryophyllales Caryophyllaceae 3 4 Portulacaceae 1 1 Ranunculales Ranunculaceae 4 5 Menispermaceae 1 1 Papavervales Papaveraceae 1 2 Fumariaceae 2 2 Cruciferae 8 16 Capparidaceae 2 2 Rosales Crassulaceae 1 1 Saxifragaceae 1 1 Rosaceae 4 7 Leguminosae 25 42 20 Geraniales Linaceae 1 3 Oxalidaceae 1 3 Geraniaceae 1 1 Zygophyllaceae 1 2 Rutaceae 1 1 Polygalaceae 1 1 Euphorbiaceae 5 16 1 Sapindales Anacardiaceae 2 4 Sapindaceae 1 1 Rhamnales Rhamnaceae 1 1 Vitaceae 3 6 Malvales Malvaceae 2 3 Tamaricales Tamaricaceae 1 1 Violales Violaceae 1 2 Loasaceae 1 2 Opuntiales 36 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 14, December 2014 Lottie Opal Baldock Cactaceae 2 2 Myrtales Lythraceae 1 1 Onagraceae 4 17 1 Umbellales Umbelliferae 6 7 Cornaceae 1 2 Primulales Primulaceae 2 2 Ebenales Sapotaceae 1 1 Ebenaceae 1 1 Gentianales Oleaceae 1 2 Gentianaceae 2 3 Apocynaceae 2 2 Asclepiadaceae 4 11 Polemoniales Convolvulaceae 3 6 Polemoniaceae 2 2 Hydrophyllaceae 1 2 Boraginaceae 5 6 1 Verbenaceae 2 8 Labiatae 6 11 1 Solanaceae 4 12 Scrophulariaceae 5 9 Martyniaceae 1 1 Acanthaceae 1 2 Phrymaceae 1 1 Plantaginales Plantaginaceae 1 4 Rubiales Rubiaceae 4 6 Caprifoliaceae 4 2 Valerianaceae 1 1 Campanulales Curcurbitaceae 1 1 Campanulaceae 1 2 Lobeliaceae 1 2 Compositae 42 86 2 Oklahoma Native Plant Record 37 Volume 14, December 2014 ADDENDA [Nomenclature has been updated according to the PLANTS database (http://plants.usda.gov/plants).] The following plants were counted in the tabular list but are not given in the list of species: Artemisia filifolia Desmodium obtusum Draba reptans [Draba caroliniana] Eleocharis obtusa Gaillarida suavis [Gaillardia trinervata] Juncus tenuis Physalis virginiana Rudbeckia hirta Scutellaria parvula Symphyotrichum oblongifolium [Aster oblongifollius] Vicia minutiflora [Vicia micrantha] Xanthisma texanum The following plants listed in the Stevens’ collection were not found by the author: Artemisia ludoviciana spp. mexicana [Artemisia mexicana] Beta vulgaris Bouteloua rigidiseta [Bouteloua texana] Carex gravida Distichlis spicata Dyssodiopsis tagetoides [Dyssodia tagetoides] Eleocharis rostellata Muhlenbergia arenicola Palafoxia sphacelata Samolus ebracteatus Lottie Opal Baldock Flora of Kiowa County, Oklahoma, M.S. thesis by Ms. Lottie Opal Baldock