Oklahoma Native Plant Record, Volume 11, Number 1, December 2011 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 11, December 2011 Clark, L. G. 4 SURVEY OF THE VASCULAR FLORA OF THE BOEHLER SEEPS AND SANDHILLS PRESERVE Submitted to the Department of Botany of Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy July 1997 Linda Gatti Clark E-mail: gatti.clark@gmail.com Located in Atoka County of south- central Oklahoma, The Nature Conservancy’s Boehler Seeps and Sandhills Preserve comprises sandhills, acidic hillside seeps, marshes, intermittent and permanent streams, and shallow lakes. The sandhills are the site of the highest quality, old-growth vegetation of the Western Gulf Coastal Plains (S. Orzell, pers. comm. to Ian Butler). The flora is a unique assemblage of plants that is present nowhere else in the state and considered globally rare. Approximately 400 species are believed to be present (Jones 1993). More than 20 rare species have been reported to occur in the area, including some that are globally rare (Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory 1997). Eriocaulon kornickianum, for example, is designated G2 and S1. Other rare species in the preserve include Penstemon murrayanus (G4, S1S3), Polygonella americana (G5, S1S2), and Paronychia drummondii (G4G5, S1S2). Prior to this study, our knowledge of the vascular plant species in the preserve was incomplete. Although several partial lists of its flora had been compiled, a systematic survey of the area to inventory all of the plants had not been conducted. Such information is essential for understanding the ecology of the site and making decisions about its management. This study was undertaken to provide this information. Specific objectives were to: (1) compile a list of the terrestrial and aquatic vascular plant species present and (2) prepare a set of herbarium specimens to document the preserve’s flora. This note summarizes my findings and provides a reference to the information compiled in Gatti Clark (1997). BOEHLER SEEPS AND SANDHILLS PRESERVE The preserve is a 235 ha site located in southern Atoka County, Oklahoma, approximately 11 miles north of Boswell (S25 & 26, T4S, R13W; Boswell NW Quad). It comprises two tracts bisected by a paved country road and is located in the watersheds of Muddy Boggy and Clear Boggy Creeks. Situated in the Dissected Coastal Plain Geomorphic Province and Western Coastal Plain Land Resource Area (Johnson et al. 1979, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service 1992), its underlying strata are Cretaceous in age. Also underlying the preserve is the Antlers Sandstone Aquifer that is composed primarily of non-marine sand and clay, and marine limestone and clay up to 915 m thick and is saturated with water that has a moderate to high mineral content (Johnson et al. 1979). The water table is generally within 1-1.3 m of the surface, with seeps occurring where it reaches the surface (Jones 1993, pers. comm.). Soil series of the site are the Bernow-Romia complex, 8-12% slopes; Boggy fine sandy loam; and Larue loamy fine sand, 0-8% slopes (Shingleton and Watterson 1979). All are susceptible to erosion by both water and wind. Precipitation in the area of the preserve https://doi.org/10.22488/okstate.17.100081 Oklahoma Native Plant Record 5 Volume 11, December 2011 Clark, L. G. occurs primarily in the spring and summer, and averages 119 cm per year (Ruffner 1980). The average growing season is 255 days; mean maximum annual temperature is 24.5˚ C and mean minimum is 11˚ C; the average number of days below 0˚ C is 52 (Ruffner 1980). Vegetation of the area is Oak-Hickory Forest (Duck and Fletcher 1943) with several communities present. Quercus stellata, Carya texana, and Sideroxylon lanuginosum spp. Lanuginosum (=Bumelia lanuginose) dominate and form an almost continuous canopy in the drier areas. Typically a thick leaf layer is present on the ground, and understory vegetation is sparse. Juniperus virginiana and Pinus echinata, while not dominant, can be found scattered throughout the preserve. Common woody understory species are Nyssa sylvatica, Vaccinium arboreum, Berchemia scandens, and Vitis rotundifolia. Herbaceous understory taxa include Galium arkansanum, G. obtusum, Tephrosia virginia, Carex spp., Cyperus spp., and Juncus spp. Scattered throughout the preserve and most conspicuous are glades dominated by Aristida desmantha and Selaginella rupestris. Other glades are present and are dominated by various grasses, such as Panicum spp., mosses, and forbs, such as Gaillardia aestivalis and Hieracium longipilum. At the glade edges, trees other than the forest dominants are encountered, in particular Quercus incana. Its saplings are occasionally found in the centers of the glades. Hassel and Boehler Lakes are small, shallow bodies of water maintained by beaver dams. Both have dense stands of emergent and floating-leaved species at their edges and open water in their centers. Dominant taxa include Typha angustifolia, Nuphar lutea, and Nymphaea odorata. Often quite abundant, free-floating species are Azolla caroliniana and Utricularia biflora. Two types of seeps are present in the preserve. One has water percolating slowly to the surface and accumulating in one area because of the topography. The ground surface has a spongy feel because of the thick carpet of vegetation, primarily mosses; Sphagnum lescurii and Polytrichum commune in particular dominate. Occupying natural drainage ways, the second type is characterized by water flowing away from the seepage point. Ferns, sedges, and rushes typically are in abundance along these watercourses. Between the lakes and the seeps are marshes dominated by Osmunda regalis, O. cinnamonea, Cephalanthus occidentalis, Scirpus spp., Rhynchospora spp., and Cyperus spp. Associated with Boehler Lake are rather deep drainages that resemble sloughs. They have less vegetation and are often banked by large trees such as Quercus falcata, Q. nigra, and Q. phellos. METHOD OF SURVEY A systematic collection of the terrestrial and aquatic vascular plants occurring in the preserve was conducted during the 1994 and 1995 growing seasons. The area was divided into three survey units using roads and fences as boundaries. Each unit was traversed on foot several times during the growing season. Plants were collected in both the flowering and fruiting stages, and prepared using standard herbarium techniques (Radford et al. 1974). One set of 440 voucher herbarium specimens (Appendix H) was prepared and deposited in the Oklahoma State University Herbarium (OKLA). Specimens previously collected by Conservancy personnel were identified and included in the inventory (Gatti Clark 1997, Appendices I and J). Identification was accomplished using the resources of the herbarium. Nomenclature used was based primarily on that of Waterfall (1969), Correll and Johnston (1979), and Gray’s Manual of Botany (Fernald 1950). Common names were taken from Correll and Johnston (1979) and Taylor and Taylor (1994). Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 11, December 2011 Clark, L. G. 6 FLORA OF THE PRESERVE Three hundred forty-five species in 225 genera and 84 families were encountered in this survey or by previous workers (Gatti Clark 1997, Appendices H, I, and J). Three families, Asteraceae (56 taxa), Poaceae (41 taxa), and Cyperaceae (35 taxa), composed 38% of the preserve’s vascular flora. Other large families were the Fabaceae (21 taxa), Apiaceae (11 taxa), Lamiaceae (10 taxa), and Scrophulariaceae (10 taxa). The largest genera present were Carex, represented by 17 species, and Panicum, represented by 12 species. Species designated by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (1996) as endangered, threatened, or candidate (formally category 1) were not encountered. Species ranked by the ONHI (1997) as S1 or S2 and present in the preserve included the previously mentioned Eriocaulon kornickianum (G2, S1), Penstemon murrayanus (G4, S1S3), Polygonella americana (G5, S1S2), and Paronychia drummondii (G4G5, S1S2). Other rare species are listed in the table. Although demonstrably secure globally and ranked G4 or G5 by ONHI, several species of interest were found in the preserve. The insectivorous Drosera brevifolia and the mycotrophic/parasitic Monotropa hypopithys were encountered. Lycopodiella appressa (=Lycopodium appressum) is reported for the site but was not seen in this study or in collections of The Nature Conservancy personnel (L. K. Magrath, pers. comm.). With 22 rare taxa reported for the site, monitoring of the Bluejack Oak sandhills and seep communities should continue. The communities and its assemblage of plants at Boehler Seeps and Sandhills Preserve are rare within the state and deserve continued study. LITERATURE CITED Correll, D. S. and M. S. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the Vascular Plants of Texas. Texas Research Foundation, Renner, TX. Duck, L. G. and J. B. Fletcher. 1943. A Game Type Map of Oklahoma. State of Oklahoma Game and Fish Department, Division of Wildlife Restoration. Oklahoma Biological Survey, Norman, OK. Fernald, M. L. 1950. Gray’s Manual of Botany. 8th ed. American Book Company, New York. Gatti Clark, L. C. 1997. Floristic and Biosystematic Investigations in Plant Taxonomy. Ph.D. dissertation. Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK. Jones, N. 1993. A baseline study of the water quality, vegetative gradients, and hydrology of Boehler Seeps and Sandhills Preserve. Report. The Nature Conservancy, Tulsa, OK. Johnston, K. S., C. C. Branson, N. M. Curtis, Jr., W. E. Ham, W. E. Harrison, M. V. Marcher, and J. F. Roberts. 1979. Geology and Earth Resources of Oklahoma. Educational Publication 1. Oklahoma Geological Survey, Norman, OK. Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory. 1997. Short Working List of Rare Plants. Version of 22 January 1997. Oklahoma Biological Survey, Norman, OK. Radford, A. E., W. C. Dickison, J. R. Massey, and C. R. Bell. 1974. Vascular Plant Systematics. Harper and Row, New York. Ruffner, J. A. 1980. Climate of the United States: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Narrative Summaries, Tables, and Maps for Each State with Overview of State Climatologist Programs. 2nd ed. Volume 2. Gale Research Company, Detroit, MI. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 7 Volume 11, December 2011 Clark, L. G. Shingleton, L. C. and A. Watterson, Jr. 1979. Soil Survey of Atoka County, Oklahoma. USDA Soil Conservation Service, Stillwater, OK. Taylor, R. J. and C. E. S. Taylor. 1994. An Annotated List of the Ferns, Fern Allies, Gymnosperms, and Flowering Plants of Oklahoma. 3rd ed. Published by authors, Durant, OK. USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. 1992. Map of Major Land Resource Areas of Oklahoma. Stillwater, OK. US Fish and Wildlife Service. 1996. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants. October 31, 1996. 50 CFR 17.11-17.12. Washington, D. C. Waterfall, U. T. 1969. Keys to the Flora of Oklahoma. 4th ed. Published by author, Stillwater, OK. Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 11, December 2011 Clark, L. G. 8 Table Taxa of Boehler Seeps and Sandhills Preserve that are ranked as rare by the Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory (ONHI) ONHI Rankings* Scientific Name Common Name Global State Agalinis tenuifolia (Vahl.) Raf. slender leaved agalinis G5 S2S3 Aristolochia reticulata Jacq. netleaved snakeroot G4 S2 Azolla caroliniana Willd. mosquito fern G5 S2 Brasenia schreberi J. F. Gmel. water-shield G5 S1 Carex hyalina Boott whitesheath sedge G5 S1 Carex swanii (Fernald) Mack. swan sedge G5 S1 Carya myristiciformis (Michx. f.) Nutt. nutmeg hickory G5 S2S3 Drosera brevifolia Pursh sundew G5 S2S3 Dulichium arundinaceum (L.) Britton threeway sedge G5 S1 Eriocaulon kornickianum van Heurch and Müll.Arg. small pipewort G2 S1 Galium arkansanum A. Gray Arkansas bedstraw G5 S1S2 Houstonia micrantha (Shinners) Terrell (=Hedyotis australis W.H. Lewis & D.M. Moore) bluet G4G5 S1S2 Iris virginica L. southern blue flag G5 S2? Monotropa hypopithys L. pinesap G5 S1 Paronychia drummondii Torr. & A. Gray Drummond's nailwort G4G5 S1S2 Penstemon murrayanus Hook. cupleaf beardtongue G4 S1S3 Platanthera flava (L.) Lindl. pale green orchid G4 S1 Polygonella americana (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Small southern jointweed G5 S1S2 Quercus incana Bartram bluejack oak G5 S1S2 Rhynchospora caduca Elliott anglestem beakrush G5 S1 Saccharum giganteum (Walter) Pers. (=Erianthus giganteus (Walter) P. Beauv.) giant plumegrass G5 S1S2 Sacciolepis striata (L.) Nash American cupscale G5 S2 *ONHI Global Rankings: G2 - Imperiled globally because of its rarity (6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals or acres) or because of other factors demonstrably making it vulnerable to extinction throughout its range. G4 - Apparently secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery. G5 - Demonstrably secure globally though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery. S1 - Critically imperiled in Oklahoma because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals or acres) or because of some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable to extinction. S2 - Imperiled in Oklahoma because of extreme rarity (6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals or acres) or because of other factors making it very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range. S3 - Rare and local in Oklahoma (thought it may be abundant at some of its locations); in the range of 21-100 occurrences. Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 11, December 2011 Clark, L.G. 9 APPENDIX Vascular Plant Collections from Boehler Seeps and Sandhills Preserve arranged by family. Collections of L. C. Gatti Clark and The Nature Conservancy personnel. [Ed. Notes: All plants are collected by L. Gatti Clark, unless indicated by an asterisk * for the Nature Conservancy or a tilde ~ for plants collected by both. Nomenclature has been updated using the PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov/plants).] FERN ALLIES Selaginellaceae – Spikemoss Family Selaginella rupestris (L.) Spring rock spikemoss FERNS Azollaceae – Azolla Family Azolla caroliniana Willd. mosquito fern Dryopteridaceae – Wood Fern Family Onoclea sensibilis L. sensitive fern Woodsia obtusa (Spreng.) Torr. blunt-lobed cliff fern Ophioglossaceae – Adder’s-Tongue Family Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. rattlesnake fern Osmundaceae – Royal Fern Family Osmunda cinnamomea L. cinnamon fern ~ Osmunda regalis L. var. spectabilis royal fern (Willd.) A. Gray GYMNOSPERMS Cupressaceae – Cypress Family Juniperus virginiana L. eastern redcedar Pinaceae – Pine Family ~ Pinus echinata Mill. shortleaf pine ANGIOSPERMS Liliopsida – Monocots Alismataceae – Water Plantain Family Alisma subcordatum Raf. water plaintain Echinodorus tenellus (Mart.ex Schult. f.) Buchenau lanceleaf burweed Sagittaria latifolia Willd. wapato, duck potato Commelinaceae – Spiderwort Family Commelina erecta L. erect day flower Tradescantia ohiensis Raf. Ohio spiderwort Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 11, December 2011 Clark, L. G. 10 Cyperaceae – Sedge Family ~ Carex bicknellii Britton Bicknell’s sedge Carex blanda Dewey loose flowered sedge Carex cherokeensis Schwein. Cherokee sedge * Carex complanata Torr. & Hook. sedge Carex crinita Lam. fringed sedge ~ Carex digitalis Willd. sedge * Carex frankii Kunth Frank’s sedge Carex granularis Muhl. ex Willd. meadow sedge Carex gravida L.H. Bailey heavy sedge Carex hyalina Boott whitesheath sedge Carex lupulina Muhl. Ex Willd. hop sedge * Carex muehlenbergii Schkuhr ex Willd. Muhlenberg’s sedge Carex normalis Mack. sedge Carex retroflexa Muhl. ex Willd. reflexed sedge * Carex squarrosa L. sedge Carex swanii (Fernald) Mack. swan sedge Carex vulpinoidea Michx. fox sedge ~ Cyperus echinatus (L.) Alph. Wood globe flatsedge (=C. ovularis (Michx.) Torr.) Cyperus retroflexus Buckley one-flower flatsedge (=C. uniflorus Torr. & Hook., non Thunb. * Cyperus strigosus L. false nutgrass Cyperus virens Michx. green flatsedge Dulichium arundinaceum (L.) Britton threeway sedge Eleocharis acicularis var. acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult. needle spikesedge (=E. acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult. var. gracilescens) ~ Eleocharis compressa Sull. flatstem spikesedge Eleocharis engelmannii Steud. Engleman’s spikesedge ~ Eleocharis lanceolata Fernald blunt spikesedge (=E. obtusa (Willd.) Schultes var. lanceolata (Fernald) Gilly Eleocharis parvula (Roem. & Schult.) Link ex Bluff, Nees. dwarf spikesedge & Schauer (=E. parvula (Roem. & Schult.) Link var. anachaeta (Torr.) Svens. Eleocharis tenuis (Willd.) Schult. slender spikesedge var. verrucosa (Svens.) Svens. ~ Isolepis carinata Hook. & Arn. ex Torr. bulrush (=Scirpus koilolepis (Steud.) Gleason * Lipocarpha aristulata (Coville) G. Tucker hemicarpa (=Hemicarpha aristulata (Coville) Smyth Rhynchospora caduca Elliott anglestem beakrush ~ Rhynchospora capitellata (Michx.) Vahl false bogrush Rhynchospora glomerata (L.) Vahl clustered beakrush Scleria ciliata Michx. fringed nutrush Scleria triglomerata Michx. whip nutrush Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 11, December 2011 Clark, L.G. 11 Eriocaulaceae – Pipewort Family ~ Eriocaulon kornickianum van Heurch & Müll. Arg. small pipewort Iridaceae – Iris Family Iris virginica L. southern blue flag Sisyrinchium angustifolium Mill. blue-eyed grass Juncaceae – Rush Family Juncus acuminatus Michx. jointed rush ~ Juncus coriaceus Mack. leathery rush Juncus effusus L. bog rush ~ Juncus marginatus Rostk. grassleaf rush ~ Juncus scirpoides Lam. needlepod rush Juncus tenuis Willd. tender rush Luzula bulbosa (Alph. Wood) Smyth & Smyth bulb woodrush Lemnaceae – Duckweed Family Spirodela polyrrhiza (L.) Schleid. duck meat Liliaceae – Lily Family ~ Allium canadense L. wild onion ~ Hypoxis hirsuta (L.) Coville yellow stargrass Orchidaceae – Orchid Family * Platanthera flava (L.) Lindl. pale green orchid Poaceae – Grass Family Agrostis perennans (Walter) Tuck. autumn bentgrass * Andropogon gerardii Vitman big bluestem Andropogon ternarius Michx. splitbeard bluestem Aira elegans Willd. ex Kunth annual silver hairgrass Aristida desmantha Trin. & Rupr. curly threeawn Bouteloua hirsuta Lag. hairy grama Bromus arvensis L. (=B. japonicus Thunb.) Japanese brome Bromus catharticus Vahl rescue grass * Bromus hordeaceus L. soft chess ~ Cenchrus spinifex Cav. (=C. incertus M. A. Curtis) sandbur ~ Chasmanthium latifolium (Michx.) Yates inland seaoats ~ Chasmanthium sessiliflorum (Poir.) Yates spike-inland seaoats (=C. laxum (L.) Yates spp. sessiliflorum (Poir.) L. Clark) Danthonia spicata (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult. poverty oatgrass ~ Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C.A. Clark wooly panicum var. fasciculatum (Torr.) Freckmann (=Panicum lanuginosum Eliott, non Bosc ex Spreng.) Dichanthelium boscii (Poir.) Gould & C.A. Clark Bosc panicum (=Panicum boscii Poir.) Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 11, December 2011 Clark, L. G. 12 Dichanthelium depauperatum (Muhl.) Gould slimleaf panicum (=Panicum depauperatum Muhl.) Dichanthelium dichotomum (L.) Gould var. dichotomum forked panicum (=Panicum dichotomum L.) Dichanthelium linearifolium (Scribn. ex Nash) Gould slimleaf panicum (=Panicum linearifolium Scribn.) ~ Dichanthelium oligosanthes (Schult.) Gould var. oligosanthes small panicgrass (=Panicum oligosanthes Schult.) Dichanthelium ravenelli (Scribn. & Merr.) Gould panicum (=Panicum ravenelii Scribn. & Merr.) Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon (Elliott) Gould var. sphaerocarpon leafy panicum (=Panicum sphaerocarpon Elliott) ~ Elymus virginicus L. Virginia wildrye * Eragrostis capillaris (L.) Nees lacegrass * Eragrostis hirsuta (Michx.) Nees bigtop lovegrass Eragrostis secundiflora J. Presl red lovegrass Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh) Steud. purple lovegrass Gymnopogon ambiguus (Michx.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. broadleaf skeletongrass Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw. Swartz cutgrass ~ Panicum anceps Michx. beaked panicum Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. fall panicum * Paspalum laeve Michx. field paspalum ~ Paspalum setaceum Michx. thin paspalum * Saccharum giganteum (Walter) Pers. giant plumegrass (=Erianthus giganteus (Walter) P. Beauv.) Sacciolepis striata (L.) Nash American cupscale Setaria parviflora (Poir.) Kerguélen knotroot bristlegrass (=S. geniculata (Willd.) P. Beauv., nom. illeg.) ~ Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. Johnsongrass Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. prairie wedgescale ~ Steinchisma hians (Elliott) Nash (=Panicum hians Elliott) gaping panicum ~ Tridens flavus (L.) Hitchc. purpletop Vulpia octoflora (Walter) Rydb. sixweeks fescue Zizaniopsis miliacea (Michx.) Döll. & Asch. southern wildrice Potemogetonaceae – Pondweed Family Potamogeton pulcher Tuck. spotted pondweed Smilacaceae – Catbriar Family Smilax bona-nox L. greenbrier Smilax rotundifolia L. common greenbrier Typhaceae – Cattail Family Typha angustifolia L. narrow-leaved cattail Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 11, December 2011 Clark, L.G. 13 Magnoliopsida - Dicots Acanthaceae – Acanthus Family Ruellia humilis Nutt. fringed leaf ruellia Amaranthaceae – Amaranth Family Froelichia floridana (Nutt.) Moq. snake cotton Anacardiaceae – Sumac Family Rhus aromatica Aiton lemon sumac Rhus copallinum L. (=R. copallina L., orth. var.) winged sumac Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze poison ivy Apiaceae – Carrot Family * Chaerophyllum tainturieri Hook. hairy fruit wild chervil ~ Daucus pusillus Michx. southwestern carrot Eryngium prostratum Nutt. ex DC. creeping eryngo * Hydrocotyle verticillata Thunb. whorled pennywort ~ Ptilimnium capillaceum (Michx.) Raf. threadleaf mockbishopweed ~ Sanicula canadensis L. black snakeroot Sanicula odorata (Raf.) K.M. Pryer & L.R. Phillippe cluster snakeroot (=S. gregaria E.P. Bicknell) Spermolepis divaricata (Walter) Raf. ex Ser. forked scaleseed Spermolepis echinata (Nutt. ex DC.) A. Heller bristly scaleseed Spermolepis inermis (Nutt. ex DC.) Mathias & Constance spreading scaleseed Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link hedge parsley Apocynaceae – Dogbane Family Apocynum cannabinum L. Indianhemp Aquifoliaceae – Holly Family Ilex decidua Walter deciduous holly Aristolochiaceae – Birthwort Family ~ Aristolochia reticulata Jacq. netleaved snakeroot Asclepiadaceae – Milkweed Family Asclepias tuberosa L. butterfly milkweed Asclepias verticillata L. whorled milkweed Asclepias viridis Walter green milkweed Matelea biflora (Raf.) Woodson twoflower milkvine Asteraceae – Sunflower Family * Achillea millefolium L. yarrow * Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. common ragweed ~ Ambrosia bidentata Michx. lanceleaf ragweed * Ambrosia trifida L. giant ragweed ~ Antennaria parlinii Fernald plainleaf pussytoes Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 11, December 2011 Clark, L. G. 14 Astranthium integrifolium (Michx.) Nutt. western daisy * Bidens aristosa (Michx.) Britton tickseed sunflower Centaurea americana Nutt. American basket flower * Chaetopappa asteroides Nutt. ex DC. least daisy ~ Chrysopsis pilosa Nutt. softhair golden aster * Cirsium altissimum (L.) Hill tall thistle Cirsium horridulum Michx. bull thistle * Conoclinium coelestinum (L.) DC. blue boneset (=Eupatorium coelestinum L.) ~ Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist horseweed ~ Coreopsis grandiflora Hogg ex Sweet bigflowered tickseed ~ Croptilon divaricatum (Nutt.) Raf. scratch daisy (=Haplopappus divaricatus (Nutt.) A. Gray) ~ Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. pale coneflower ~ Elephantopus carolinianus Raeusch. elephant’s foot * Erechtites hieracifolia (L.) Raf. ex DC. fireweed ~ Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd. daisy fleabane * Eupatorium perfoliatum L. boneset Evax prolifera Nutt. ex DC. rabbit’s tobacco Evax verna Raf. var. verna (=E. multicaulis DC.) rabbit’s tobacco Gaillardia aestivalis (Walter) H. Rock prairie gaillardia ~ Gamochaeta purpurea (L.) Cabrera (=Gnaphalium purpureum L.) purple cudweed * Helenium amarum (Raf.) H. Rock sneezeweed * Helianthus angustifolius L. narrow-leaf sunflower ~ Helianthus hirsutus Raf. hairy sunflower Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners var. villosa roughhair golden aster (=Chrysopsis villosa (Pursh.) Nutt. ex DC.) ~ Hieracium gronovii L. hawkweed Hieracium longipilum Torr. longbeard hawkweed Hymenopappus scabiosaeus L’Her. old plainsman ~ Krigia cespitosa (Raf.) K. L. Chambers common dwarf dandelion ~ Krigia dandelion (L.) Nutt. potato dandelion Krigia virginica (L.) Willd. dwarf dandelion Lactuca canadensis L. wild lettuce * Lactuca sativa L. prickly lettuce Liatris aspera Michx. tall gayfeather * Liatris elegans (Walter) Michx. beautiful gayfeather Liatris squarrosa (L.) Michx. gayfeather * Mikania scandens (L.) Willd. climbing hempweed Packera obovata (Muhl. ex Willd.) W.A. Weber & A. Love roundleaf groundsel (=Senecio obovatus Muhl. ex Willd. var. rotundus Britton) * Pluchea camphorata (L.) DC. camphorweed Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium (L.) Hilliard & B.L. Burtt sweet everlasting ssp. obtusifolium (=Gnaphalium obtusifolium L.) ~ Pyrrhopappus carolinianus (Walter) DC. false dandelion * Rudbeckia grandiflora (D. Don) J.F. Gmel. ex DC. Mexican hat ~ Rudbeckia hirta L. blackeyed Susan Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 11, December 2011 Clark, L.G. 15 Solidago canadensis L. common prairie goldenrod Solidago missouriensis Nutt. Missouri goldenrod * Solidago odora Aiton fragrant goldenrod * Solidago rugosa Mill. rough-leaved goldenrod ~ Solidago ulmifolia Muhl. ex Willd. elmleaf goldenrod * Symphyotrichum patens (Aiton) G.L. Nesom var. patens late purple aster (=Aster patens Aiton) * Symphyotrichum subulatum (Michx) G.L. Nesom salt marsh aster (=Aster subulatus Michx.) ~ Verbesina helianthoides Michx. yellow crownbeard * Vernonia baldwinii Torr. western ironweed Balsaminaceae – Touch-Me-Not Family Impatiens capensis Meerb. spotted touch-me-not Berberidaceae – Barberry Family Podophyllum peltatum L. May apple Bignoniaceae – Trumpet Creeper Family Campsis radicans (L.) Seem. ex Bureau trumpet creeper Boraginaceae – Borage Family ~ Lithospermum caroliniense (Walter ex J.F. Gmel.) MacMill. plains pucoon Myosotis verna Nutt. early scorpiongrass Brassicaceae – Mustard Family Cardamine pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd. bitter cress ~ Lepidium virginicum L. poorman’s peppergrass Buddlejaceae – Butterfly-Bush Family Polypremum procumbens L. juniperleaf Cabombaceae – Water Shield Family Brasenia schreberi J. F. Gmel. water shield Callitrichaceae – Water-Starwort Family Callitriche heterophylla Pursh water-starwort Campanulaceae – Bellflower Family ~ Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. clasping Venus looking-glass Caprifoliaceae – Honeysuckle Family Lonicera japonica Thunb. Japanese honeysuckle Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench buckbrush Viburnum rufidulum Raf. rusty blackhaw Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 11, December 2011 Clark, L. G. 16 Caryophyllaceae – Pink Family Arenaria serpyllifolia L. thyme-leaved sandwort Paronychia drummondii Torr. & A. Gray Drummond’s nailwort Stellaria media (L.) Vill. chickweed Ceratophyllaceae – Hornwort Family Ceratophyllum demersum L. coontail Cistaceae – Rockrose Family Lechea villosa Elliott pinweed Clusiaceae – Mangosteen Family ~ Hypericum drummondii (Grev. & Hook.) Torr. & A. Gray nits-and-lice ~ Hypericum hypericoides (L.) Crantz St. Andrew’s cross ~ Hypericum prolificum L. (=H. spathulatum (Spach.) Steud. St. John’s wort Convolvulaceae – Morning Glory Family ~ Ipomoea pandurata (L.) G. Mey. wild potatovine ~ Stylisma pickeringii (Torr. ex M.A. Curtis) A. Gray stylisma Cornaceae – Dogwood Family Cornus florida L. flowering dogwood Nyssa sylvatica Marsh. black gum Droseraceae – Sundew Family ~ Drosera brevifolia Pursh sundew Ericaceae – Heath Family ~ Vaccinium arboreum Marsh. farkleberry Euphorbiaceae – Spurge Family Acalypha rhomboidea Raf. rhombic copperleaf Acalypha virginica L. three seeded Mercury Chamaesyce serpens (Kunth) Small (=Euphorbia serpens Kunth) round-leaved spurge Cnidoscolus texanus (Müll. Arg.) Small Texas bullnettle Croton capitatus Michx. woolly croton Croton glandulosus L. sand croton Croton willdenowii G.L. Webster (=Crotonopsis elliptica Willd.) rush-foil ~ Stillingia sylvatica L. queen’s delight Fabaceae – Pea Family Apios americana Medik. ground nut Astragalus distortus Torr. & A. Gray bentpod milkvetch * Baptisia bracteata Muhl. ex Elliott plains wild indigo Baptisia leucophaea Nutt. var. leucophaea (Nutt.) white wild indigo Kartesz & Gandhi (=B. leucophaea Nutt.) Cercis canadensis L. redbud Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 11, December 2011 Clark, L.G. 17 Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.) Greene var. fasciculata partridge pea (=Cassia fasciculata Michx.) Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench ssp. nictitans var. nictitans sensitive pea (=Cassia nictitans L.) Clitoria mariana L. butterfly pea Dalea phleoides (Torr. & A. Gray) Shinners var. phleoides longbract prairie clover (=Petalostemon phleoides Torr. & A. Gray) Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC. var. paniculatum tall tickclover Desmodium sessilifolium (Torr.) Torr. & A. Gray sessile-leaved tickclover Desmodium viridiflorum (L.) DC. velvetleaf tickclover Galactia regularis (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. downey milkpea Gleditsia triacanthos L. (=Caesalpiniaceae Family) honey locust Lespedeza stuevei Nutt. tall lespedeza Mimosa nutallii (DC. ex Britton & Rose) B.L. Turner sensitive briar (=Schrankia nuttallii (DC. ex Britton & Rose) Standl.) Mimosa microphylla Dryand. (=Schrankia ucinata Willd.) catclaw briar ~ Orbexilum pendunculatum (Mill.) Rydb. var. psoralioides Sampson’s snakeroot (Walter) Isely (=Psoralea psoraloides (Walt.) Cory) * Orbexilum simplex (Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray) Rydb. singlestem scurf pea (=Psoralea simplex (Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray) Rydb.) Pediomelum digitatum (Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray) Isely palm-leaved scurf pea (=Psoralea digitata Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray) * Pediomelum hypogaeum (Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray) Rydb. Sara scurf pea var. subulatum (Bush) J. Grimes (=Psoralea subulata Bush) Rhynchosia latifolia Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray broadleaf snoutbean Strophostyles helvola (L.) Elliott wild bean Stylosanthes biflora (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. pencil-flower ~ Tephrosia virginiana (L.) Pers. goat’s rue ~ Trifolium campestre Schreb. low hop clover Vicia sativa L. common vetch Fagaceae – Beech Family Quercus falcata Michx. southern red oak Quercus falcata Michx southern red oak (=Q. falcata Michx. var. triloba (Michx.) Nutt) * Quercus incana Bartram bluejack oak ~ Quercus nigra L. water oak * Quercus phellos L. willow oak Quercus stellata Wangenh. post oak Quercus velutina Lam. black oak Fumariaceae – Fumitory Family Corydalis micrantha (Engelm. ex A. Gray) A. Gray slender fumewort Geraniaceae – Geranium Family Geranium carolinianum L. Carolina cranesbill Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 11, December 2011 Clark, L. G. 18 Hydrophyllaceae – Waterleaf Family * Hydrolea ovata Nutt. ex Choisy hairy hydrolea ~ Phacelia strictiflora (Engelm. & A. Gray) A. Gray prairie blue curls var. robbinsii Constance Juglandaceae – Walnut Family Carya myristiciformis (Michx. f.) Nutt. nutmeg hickory Carya texana Buckley black hickory Lamiaceae – Mint Family * Lycopus virginicus L. Virginia bugleweed ~ Monarda punctata L. horsemint Monarda russeliana Nutt. ex Sims. red spotted horsemint ~ Prunella vulgaris L. heal-all ~ Pycnanthemum albescens Torr. & A. Gray whiteleaf mountainmint * Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Schrad. narrowleaf mountainmint ~ Salvia lyrata L. lyreleaf age Scutellaria elliptica Muhl. ex Spreng. hairy skullcap * Scutellaria laterifolia L. sideflowering skullcap Scutellaria parvula Michx. var. missouriensis (Torr.) skullcap Goodman & C.A. Lawson (=S. parvula Michx. var. leonardii (Epling) Fernald) Lauraceae – Laurel Family Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees sassafras (=S. albidium (Nutt.) Nees var. molle (Raf.) Fernald Lentibulariaceae – Bladderwort Family Utricularia gibba L. (=U. biflora Lam.) twoflower bladderwort Lythraceae – Loosestrife Family Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne toothcup Melastomaceae – Melastome Family Rhexia mariana L. meadow beauty Menyanthaceae – Buckbean Famiy Nymphoides peltata (S.G. Gmel.) Kuntze yellow floating heart Monotropaceae – Indian Pipe Family ~ Monotropa hypopithys L. pinesap Nymphaeaceae – Water Lily Family Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm. yellow pond lily Nymphaea odorata Aiton American water lily Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 11, December 2011 Clark, L.G. 19 Onagraceae – Evening Primrose Family Ludwigia alternifolia L. bushy seedbox Oenothera laciniata Hill cutleaf evening primrose Oxalidaceae – Wood Sorrel Family Oxalis stricta L. yellow wood sorrel Oxalis violaceae L. . violet wood sorrel Plantaginaceae – Plantain Family Plantago lanceolata L. buckhorn plantain Plantago patagonica Jacq. wooly plantain Plantago virginica L. paleseed plantain Plantago wrightiana Decne. Wright’s plantain Polemoniaceae – Phlox Family Phlox glaberrima L. smooth phlox Phlox pilosa L. prairie phlox Polygalaceae – Milkwort Family * Polygala sanguinea L. blood polygala Polygonaceae – Buckwheat Family ~ Eriogonum longifolium Nutt. longleaf eriogonum * Eriogonum multiflorum Benth. heartsepal wild buckwheat ~ Polygonella americana (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Small southern jointweed ~ Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. mild water pepper Polygonum persicaria L. lady’s thumb * Polygonum sagittatum L. arrowvine ~ Rumex hastatulus Baldw. heartwing sorrel Primulaceae – Primrose Family ~ Hottonia inflata Elliott American featherfoil * Lysimachia lanceolata Walter lanceleaf loosestrife Ranunculaceae – Buttercup Family Delphinium carolinianum Walter prairie larkspur Ranunculus laxicaulis (Torr. & A. Gray) Darby spearwort Rhamnaceae – Buckthorn Family Berchemia scandens (Hill.) K. Koch rattan vine Ceanothus americanus L. New Jersey tea Frangula caroliniana (Walter) A. Gray buckthorn (=Rhamnus caroliniana Walter) Rosaceae – Rose Family Crataegus spathulata Michx. littlehip hawthorn Potentilla simplex Michx. old-field cinquefoil Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 11, December 2011 Clark, L. G. 20 Prunus serotina Ehrh. black cherry Rubus occidentalis L. blackberry Rubus ostryifolius Rydb. highbush blackberry Rubiaceae – Madder Family Cephalanthus occidentalis L. buttonbush Diodia teres Walter rough buttonweed ~ Galium arkansanum A. Gray Arkansas bedstraw Galium circaezans Michx. woods bedstraw ~ Galium obtusum Bigelow bluntleaf bedstraw Galium pilosum Aiton hairy bedstraw Houstonia micrantha (Shinners) Terrell bluet (=Hedyotis australis W.H. Lewis & D.M. Moore) Sapotaceae – Sapodilla Family Sideroxylon lanuginosum Michx. ssp. lanuginosum chittamwood (=Bumelia lanuginosa (Michx.) Pers.) Scrophulariaceae – Figwort family * Agalinis tenuifolia (Vahl.) Raf. slenderleaf agalinus * Castilleja coccinea (L.) Spreng. Indian paintbrush Castilleja indivisa Engelm. Indian paintbrush Collinsia violacea Nutt. violet collinsia Gratiola virginiana L. Virginia hedgehyssop Nuttallanthus canadensis (L.) D.A. Sutton blue toadflax (=Linaria canadensis (L.) Chaz.) Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell yellowseed false pimpernell Pedicularis canadensis L. ssp. canadensis common lousewort (=P. canadensis L. var. dobbsii Fernald) * Penstemon laxiflorus Pennell loose flower penstemon Penstemon murrayanus Hook. cupleaf penstemon Solanaceae – Potato Family Physalis heterophylla Nees. clammy ground cherry Solanum carolinense L. Carolina horsenettle Ulmaceae – Elm Family Celtis tenuifolia Nutt. dwarf hackberry Urticaceae – Nettle Family ~ Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw. false nettle Valerianaceae – Valerian Family ~ Valerianella radiata (L.) Dufr. common beaked cornsalad Verbenaceae – Verbena Family Callicarpa americana L. American beautyberry Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 11, December 2011 Clark, L.G. 21 Phryma leptostachya L. lopseed * Verbena simplex Lehm. narrow-leaved verbena Violaceae – Violet Family Viola villosa Walter wooly violet Vitaceae – Grape Family Ampelopsis arborea (L.) Koehne peppervine Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. Virginia creeper Vitis aestivalis Michx. pigeon grape Vitis rotundifolia Michx. muscadine Survey of the Vascular Flora of the Boehler Seeps and Sandhills Preserve, Ph.D. dissertation by Dr. Linda Gattie Clark