2020 Oklahoma Native Plant Record 24 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 20, December 2020 Amy K. Buthod and Bruce Hoagland 10.22488/okstate.21.100002 A FLORISTIC INVENTORY OF THE NATURE CONSERVANCY’S OKA’ YANAHLI PRESERVE, JOHNSTON COUNTY, OKLAHOMA Amy K. Buthod Oklahoma Biological Survey University of Oklahoma Norman, OK 73019 amybuthod@ou.edu Bruce W. Hoagland Oklahoma Biological Survey Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability University of Oklahoma Norman, OK 73019 ABSTRACT This paper reports the results of a vascular plant inventory at The Nature Conservancy's Oka' Yanahli Preserve in Johnston County, Oklahoma. A total of 645 taxa in 109 families were collected. Three-hundred and ninety genera, 602 species, and 43 infraspecific taxa were identified. The families with the largest number of taxa were the Asteraceae with 91 taxa and the Poaceae with 89 taxa. Ninety non-native or naturalized taxa—14.0% of the preserve's flora—were found. Nine taxa tracked by the Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory were present. Nine vegetation types occurred at the preserve. Keywords: vascular, non-native, tracked, g rassland INTRODUCTION AND STUDY AREA Dedicated in 2012, The Nature Conservancy’s Oka’ Yanahli Preserve was acquired with the goal of conserving biodiversity through land protection and stewardship. The preserve includes two miles along the Blue River, one of only two free-flowing rivers in the state of Oklahoma. Sustained by the Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer, this 227 km-long tributary of the Red River has some of the highest quality water in the state and is home to 82 native fish species, 23 mussel species, and one plant of global conservation concern. Current projects at the preserve include the restoration of streams and floodplain forests, the reintroduction of fire to the landscape, the management of invasive species, and the advancement of understanding of the Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer system. Oka’ Yanahli occupies 1,456 ha in Johnston County in south-central Oklahoma approximately 25 km north of the city of Tishomingo (Figure 1). The property is bisected by the Blue River, with the majority of the Preserve (1,445 ha) lying to its west. Latitudinal extent ranges from 34.419449 to 34.457549 and longitudinal extent from -96.622765 to -96.697415. Physiographically, the site is located within the Arbuckle Plains geomorphic province, consisting of plains and rolling hills on limestones of Ordovician age (Curtis et al. 2008; Johnson 2008). Soils are of the Kiti- mailto:amybuthod@ou.edu Oklahoma Native Plant Record 25 Volume 20, December 2020 Amy K. Buthod and Bruce Hoagland Shidler-Lula type, and are shallow, rocky, silty, clayey and humus-rich (Carter and Gregory 2008). Climate is classified as humid subtropical (Cfa) – temperate with no discernible dry season and with hot summers (Köppen 1884). The lowest average temperature (4.7°C) is in January, and the highest average temperature (28.2°C) is in July (Oklahoma Climatological Survey 2018). Mean annual temperature is 17°C (Oklahoma Climatological Survey 2018). May is the wettest month, with an average precipitation of 14.1 cm (Oklahoma Climatological Survey 2018). The growing season averages 220 days (Oklahoma Climatological Survey 2018). Elevation ranges from 289 – 335 m. The dominant potential vegetation type is tallgrass prairie (Duck and Fletcher 1943). Prior to its purchase, the property was used for cattle ranching. Figure 1 The Nature Conservancy's Oka' Yanahli Preserve. 26 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 20, December 2020 Amy K. Buthod and Bruce Hoagland METHODS Vouchers of vascular plant taxa encountered at the Oka’ Yanahli Preserve were made throughout the growing seasons (March through October) of 2014 – 2017. Specimens with flowers or fruit were preferred, but when they could not be found, sterile specimens were taken. Vouchers of planted taxa and taxa not native to the United States were collected only from naturalized populations. All specimens were pressed in a plant press, dried in a drying cabinet, and frozen at -20° before taken into the herbarium for identification and label generation. Manuals used for identification included Diggs et al. (1999) and Tyrl et al. (2015). Identifications were verified by comparison with specimens from the Robert Bebb Herbarium (OKL) at the University of Oklahoma. Duration, growth habit, wetland status, and nativity were determined using the PLANTS database (USDA-NRSC 2019) and Taylor and Taylor (1991). Vegetation classifications were based on Hoagland (2000). Classification and nomenclature follow the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group IV (Stevens 2001 onwards) and the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (2019). All specimens were deposited at OKL. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A total of 645 taxa in 109 families were collected (Appendix). Five of these families were ferns and allies, two were magnoliids/primitive angiosperms, 17 were monocots, and 84 were eudicots. There was one family of gymnosperms (Table 1). Three hundred and ninety genera, 602 species, and 43 infraspecific taxa were identified. Four hundred and five taxa were perennials; there were 234 annuals and six biennials. Four hundred and twenty-eight of these taxa were forbs, 145 were graminoids, 39 were trees, 20 were shrubs, and 13 were woody vines. The families with the largest number of taxa were the Asteraceae with 91 taxa and the Poaceae with 89 taxa, and the genus with the most species was Carex in the Cyperaceae family. Ninety taxa, or 14.0% of the flora, were planted and naturalized or non-native to the United States. This percentage is high when compared to the floras of other Oklahoma sites dominated by grasslands (Table 2). The families with the most exotic taxa present were the Poaceae with 24 and Fabaceae with 16. The genus with the greatest number of exotics was Trifolium in the Fabaceae – five species were found. Nine species tracked by the Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory (2019) occurred at the preserve (Table 3), including the imperiled Alnus maritima (Betulaceae) (Figure 2). Obligate and facultative wetland taxa comprised 22.0% of the flora, with 69 obligate wetland and 74 facultative wetland taxa present. One hundred and fourteen taxa were classified as facultative, 149 were facultative upland taxa, and 29 were upland taxa. Two hundred and ten taxa had no wetland status. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 27 Volume 20, December 2020 Amy K. Buthod and Bruce Hoagland Table 1 Summary of the floristic survey performed at the Oka’ Yanahli Nature Preserve by divisions/groups and resulting number of taxa Groups Families Genera Total Taxa Total Taxa Composition Native Taxa Nonnative Taxa Nonnative Taxa Composition % Ferns and Allies 5 6 6 0.9% 6 0 0 Gymnosperms 1 1 1 0.2% 1 0 0 Magnoliids/Primitive Angiosperms 2 2 2 0.3% 2 0 0 Monocots 17 87 176 27.3% 149 27 4.2% Eudicots 84 294 460 71.3% 397 63 9.8% TOTAL 109 390 645 100 555 90 14.0% Table 2 Comparison of exotic taxa from the Oka’ Yanahli site with other Oklahoma grassland- dominated sites. Study site Reference Size of site (ha) Number of taxa found Percentage of non-native taxa Oka’ Yanahli Preserve, Johnston County This paper 1,456.0 645 14.0 % Pontotoc Ridge Nature Preserve, Johnston and Pontotoc Counties Buthod, Hoagland, and Tucker, manuscript in preparation 848.2 616 8.8% Kessler Atmospheric and Ecological Field Station, McClain County Buthod and Hoagland 2016 146.0 388 14.7% Tulsa Botanic Garden, Osage County Hoagland and Buthod 2007 69.0 293 15.0% Tallgrass Prairie Preserve, Osage County Palmer 2007 15,410.0 763 12.1% Camp Kickapoo Boy Scout Camp, Canadian County Hoagland and Buthod 2006 64.7 334 12.3% Selman Living Laboratory, Woodward County Buckallew and Caddell 2003 129.5 229 9.0% 28 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 20, December 2020 Amy K. Buthod and Bruce Hoagland Table 3 Taxa located during this study that are tracked by the Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory (Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory 2019). Status ranks are on a 1-5 scale, with a 1 indicating the taxon is critically imperiled. G ranks are at the global level, and S ranks are at the subnational or state level. A question mark (?) denotes an inexact numeric rank (NatureServe Explorer 2021). Family Taxon Rank Betulaceae Alnus maritima (Marshall) Muhl. ex Nutt. S2G3 Elatinaceae Bergia texana (Hook.) Seub. ex Walp. S2G5 Fabaceae Styphnolobium affine (Torr. & A. Gray) Walp. S3G4 Gentianaceae Centaurium texense (Griseb.) Fernald S1G4? Loganiaceae Mitreola petiolata (J.F. Gmel.) Torr. & A. Gray S1G4G5 Marsileaceae Marsilea vestita Hook. & Grev. S3G5 Primulaceae Lysimachia quadriflora Sims S1G5? Rosaceae Poteridium annuum (Nutt.) Spach S1G4 Urticaceae Urtica chamaedryoides Pursh S3G4G5 Figure 2 Alnus maritima (Betulaceae; seaside alder) on the Blue River at the Oka' Yanahli Nature Preserve. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 29 Volume 20, December 2020 Amy K. Buthod and Bruce Hoagland Nine vegetation types were found at Oka’ Yanahli, six of which were named associations recognized by Hoagland (2000). Grassland types dominated – three types were found. Two forest associations, one woodland association, one shrubland association, and two types associated with moist soils also occurred at the preserve. These vegetation types are not discrete, however; they intergrade, with many taxa found in more than one vegetation type. The primary vegetation type at Oka' Yanahli was classified as disturbed area/old field (DAOF). This vegetation type was found on deeper soils around houses, barns, and outbuildings, as well as areas heavily impacted by livestock activity. Common species included four species of ragweed – Artemisia artemisiifolia (annual ragweed), A. bidentata (lanceleaf ragweed), A. psilostachya (western ragweed), and A. trifida (giant ragweed). Native grasses, such as Bothriochloa laguroides (silver beardgrass), Sorghastrum nutans (Indiangrass), and Tridens flavus (purpletop tridens), were interspersed with non-natives such as Bothriochloa ischaemum (yellow bluestem), Cynodon dactylon (Bermudagrass), and Schedonorus arundinaceus (tall fescue). Much of the western half of the preserve is disturbed area/old field. With proper management, these areas would support a Schizachyrium scoparium-Sorghastrum nutans (little bluestem-Indiangrass) herbaceous association. Another grassland type found at the preserve was the Bouteloua hirsuta-B. curtipendula (hairy grama-sideoats grama) herbaceous association (BHBCHA). This grassland type occurred in upland areas with coarse or shallow soils. Taxa found in these areas included Bouteloua dactyloides (buffalo grass), Heliotropium tenellum (pasture heliotrope), Monarda clinopodioides (basil beebalm), and Ophioglossum engelmannii (limestone adderstongue). This vegetation type was the second most predominant type at the preserve. A third grassland type was the M uhlenberg ia reverchonii-Croton monathog ynus (seep muhly-prairie tea) herbaceous association (MRCMHA). This vegetation type was found on seasonal seepy areas over clay and calcareous soils. Common associated species included Evolvulus nuttallianus (shaggy dwarf morning- glory), Hypoxis hirsuta (common goldstar), Physaria ovalifolia ssp. alba (roundleaf bladderpod), Phyllanthus polygonoides (smartweed leaf-flower), Tetraneuris linearifolia (fineleaf fournerved daisy), and Tragia ramosa (nettle-leaf noseburn). This vegetation type is unique to Oklahoma. Forest vegetation included the Quercus macrocarpa-Q. shumardii-Carya cordiformis (bur oak-Shumard oak- bitternut hickory) association (QMQSCCFA). This vegetation type was found in mesic areas and in floodplains. Taxa common to this vegetation type included Cercis canadensis (eastern redbud), Cornus drummondii (roughleaf dogwood), Smilax bona-nox (saw greenbrier), and Solidago ulmifolia (elmleaf goldenrod). The Ulmus rubra-Celtis laevig ata- Fraxinus pensylvanica-F. americana (slippery elm-sugarberry-green ash- white ash) forest association (URCLFPFAFA) was also present at the preserve. This vegetation type was found in riparian areas in wet or mesic soils and included taxa such as Chasmanthium latifolium (Indian wood-oats), Commelina virginica (Virginia dayflower), Elephantopus carolinianus (Carolina elephantsfoot), Quercus muehlenbergii (chinkapin oak), and Toxicodendron radicans (eastern poison ivy). Isolated pockets of the Quercus stellata-Q. marilandica-C. cordiformis (post oak-blackjack oak- bitternut hickory) woodland association (QSQMCCWA) were found in the southern part of the preserve. These were restricted to very rocky areas and included species such as Quercus macrocarpa (bur oak), Sideroxylon lanuginosum (gum bully), 30 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 20, December 2020 Amy K. Buthod and Bruce Hoagland Symphoricarpos orbiculatus (coralberry), and Ulmus alata (winged elm). Vegetation types associated with wet soils included the vegetation of seeps (SEEP). This type was found in areas that are typically wetter than those supporting the seep muhly-prairie tea herbaceous association. Associated taxa included Andropogon glomeratus (bushy bluestem), Fuirena simplex (western umbrella-sedge), Lysimachia quadriflora (fourflower yellow loosestrife), Nasturtium officinale (watercress), and Rudbeckia fulgida (orange coneflower). Two large seeps are found on Oka’ Yanahli. Herbaceous wetland vegetation (HWV) included plants found in and around ponds, creeks, depressions, and culverts. Taxa encountered at these sites included Eleocharis obtusa (blunt spikerush), Heteranthera limosa (blue mudplantain), Iva annua (sumpweed), Nuphar advena (yellow pond-lily) and Salix nigra (black willow). The most significant vegetation type found at Oka' Yanahli was the Alnus maritima-Amorpha fruticosa (seaside alder-false indigo) shrubland association (AMAFSA). This unusual vegetation type is only found in the Blue River drainage in Pontotoc and Johnston Counties in Oklahoma (NatureServe 2021). Growing in cobble bars and riparian areas, this association included taxa such as Conoclinium coelestinum (mist flower), the invasive Iris pseudoacorus (paleyellow iris), Justicia americana (American water-willow), Leersia virginica (whitegrass), and Lobelia cardinalis (cardinal flower). At Oka’ Yanahli, this vegetation type intergraded with the slippery elm- sugarberry-green ash-white ash forest association. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors wish to thank Leroy Alm, Kayti Ewing, Dan Francis, Jeanine Lackey, Abby Moore, Andrew Schofield, and Jona Tucker for collection and field assistance. Jenna Messick provided map-making assistance. LITERATURE CITED Buckallew, R.R. and G.M. Caddell. 2003. Vascular flora of the University of Central Oklahoma Selman Living Laboratory, Woodward County, Oklahoma. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Sciences 83:31–45. Buthod, A.K. and B.W. Hoagland. 2016. A floristic inventory of the University of Oklahoma’s Kessler Atmospheric and Ecological Field Station, McClain County, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 16:45–63. Carter, B.J. and M.S. Gregory. 2008. Soil map of Oklahoma. In: Johnson, K.S. and K.V. Luza, eds. Earth Sciences and Mineral Resources of Oklahoma. Norman (OK): Oklahoma Geological Survey. Curtis, N.M. W.E. Ham, and K.S. Johnson. 2008. Geomorphic provinces of Oklahoma. In: Johnson, K.S. and K.V. Luza, eds. Earth Sciences and Mineral Resources of Oklahoma. Norman (OK): Oklahoma Geological Survey. Diggs, G.M., Jr., B.L. Lipscomb, and R.J. O’Kennon. 1999. Shinners and Mahler’s Illustrated Flora of North Central Texas. Fort Worth (TX): Botanical Research Institute of Texas. Duck, L.G. and J.B. Fletcher. 1943. A game type map of Oklahoma. In: A Survey of the Game and Furbearing Animals of Oklahoma. Oklahoma City (OK): Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. Hoagland, B.W. 2000. The vegetation of Oklahoma: A classification for landscape mapping and conservation planning. The Southwestern Naturalist 43:285–420. Hoagland, B.W., and A. Buthod. 2006. Vascular flora of a red sandstone hills Oklahoma Native Plant Record 31 Volume 20, December 2020 Amy K. Buthod and Bruce Hoagland site, Canadian County, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 6:53-68. Hoagland, B.W., and A.K. Buthod. 2007. The vascular flora of the Oklahoma Centennial Botanical Garden site, Osage County, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 7:54-66. Integrated Taxonomic Information System. 2019. http://www.itis.gov (19 December 2019). Johnson, K.S. 2008. Generalized geologic map of Oklahoma. In: Johnson, K.S. and K.V. Luza, eds. Earth Sciences and Mineral Resources of Oklahoma. Norman (OK): Oklahoma Geological Survey. Köppen, W. 1884. Die Wärmezonen der Erde, nach der Dauer der heissen, gemässigten und kalten Zeit undnach der Wirkung der Wärme auf die organische Welt betrachtet. [The thermal zones of the earth according to the duration of hot, moderate, and cold periods and to the impact of heat on the organic world]. Meteorologische Zeitschrift 1:215-226. (Translated and edited and published 2011) Meteorologische Zeitschrift 20:351-360. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/conte nt/schweiz/mz/2011/00000020/000000 03/art00009 NatureServe. 2019. NatureServe Explorer. http://www.natureserve.org/explorer (19 December 2019). NatureServe. 2021. NatureServe Explorer. http://www.natureserve.org/explorer (11 January 2021). Oklahoma Climatological Survey. 2018. The climate of Johnston County. http://www.ocs.ou.edu (15 January 2018). Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory. 2019. Vascular Plant Tracking List. http://www.oknaturalheritage.ou.edu/c ontent/biodiversity-info/tracking- list/index.php (18 December 2019). Palmer, M.W. 2007. The vascular flora of the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve, Osage County, Oklahoma. Castanea 72(4):235– 246. Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, July, 2017. http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/resea rch/APweb/ Taylor, R.J. and C.E. Taylor. 1991. An Annotated List of the Ferns, Fern Allies, Gymnosperms, and Flowering Plants of Oklahoma. Durant (OK): Self-published. Tyrl, R.J., S.C. Barber, P. Buck, W.J. Elisens, J.R. Estes, P. Folley, L.K. Magrath, C.L. Murray, A.K. Ryburn, B.A. Smith, C.E.S. Taylor, R.A. Thompson, J.B. Walker, and L.E. Watson. 2015. Flora of Oklahoma: Keys and Descriptions. Oklahoma City (OK): Flora Oklahoma Incorporated. USDA, NRCS. 2019. The PLANTS Database. http://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov (20 December 2019). http://www.itis.gov/ http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/schweiz/mz/2011/00000020/00000003/art00009 http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/schweiz/mz/2011/00000020/00000003/art00009 http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/schweiz/mz/2011/00000020/00000003/art00009 http://www.natureserve.org/explorer http://www.natureserve.org/explorer http://www.ocs.ou.edu/ http://www.oknaturalheritage.ou.edu/content/biodiversity-info/tracking-list/index.php http://www.oknaturalheritage.ou.edu/content/biodiversity-info/tracking-list/index.php http://www.oknaturalheritage.ou.edu/content/biodiversity-info/tracking-list/index.php http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/ http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/ http://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/ 32 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 20, December 2020 Amy K. Buthod and Bruce Hoagland APPENDIX List of vascular plant taxa from the Oka' Yanahli Nature Preserve, Johnston County, Oklahoma. Taxa list with duration, growth habit, wetland status, vegetation type, nativity, and heritage status. A=annual, B=biennial, P=perennial; T=tree, S=shrub, V=woody vine, F=forb, G=graminoid; OBL=obligate wetland, FACW= facultative wetland, FAC=facultative, FACU=facultative upland, UPL=obligate upland, none=no wetland status; AMAFSA=Alnus maritima-Amorpha fruticosa shrubland association, BHBCHA=Bouteloua hirsuta-B. curtipendula herbaceous association, DAOF=disturbed area/old field, HWV=herbaceous wetland vegetation, MRCMHA=Muhlenbergia reverchonii-Croton monathogynus herbaceous association, QMQSCCFA=Quercus macrocarpa-Q. shumardii-Carya cordiformis forest association, QSQMCCWA=Quercus stellata-Quercus marilandica-Carya cordiformis woodland association, SEEP=vegetation of seeps, URCLFPFAFA=Ulmus rubra-Celtis laevigata- Fraxinus pennsylvanica-Fraxinus americana forest association. Exotic taxa are denoted with an asterisk (*). Taxa tracked by the Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory are denoted with a dagger (†). Duration, growth habit, and nativity were determined using the PLANTS Database (USDA-NRCS 2019); if the information from PLANTS was ambiguous, Taylor and Taylor (1991), was consulted. Wetland status and common names were taken from PLANTS (USDA-NRCS 2019), and vegetation classifications were based on Hoagland (2000). Specimens were assigned collection numbers with the prefix OK, OKW, or AB. Voucher specimens were deposited at the Robert Bebb Herbarium of the University of Oklahoma (OKL). Acanthaceae Dicliptera brachiata (Pursh) Spreng. (branched foldwing); A; F; FACW; URCLFPFAFA; OK-314 Justicia americana (L.) Vahl (American water-willow); P; F; OBL; AMAFSA, HWV; OK-158 Ruellia humilis Nutt. (low ruellia); P; F; FAC; BHBCHA, DAOF; OK-339 Ruellia strepens L. (limestone wild petunia); P; F; FAC; URCLFPFAFA; OK-076 Adoxaceae Sambucus nigra L. ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli (common elderberry); P; S; FAC; URCLFPFAFA; OK-120 Viburnum rufidulum Raf. (rusty blackhaw); P; S; FACU; QMQSCCFA; OK-235 Alismataceae Alisma subcordatum Raf. (American water plantain); P; F; OBL; SEEP; OK-302 Echinodorus berteroi (Spreng.) Fassett (upright burrhead); P; F; OBL; HWV; OKW-005 Sagittaria brevirostra Mack. & Bush (shortbeak arrowhead); P; F; OBL; HWV; OKW-161 Sagittaria lancifolia L. (bulltongue arrowhead); P; F; OBL; AMAFSA; OK-383 Amaranthaceae *Amaranthus albus L. (prostrate pigweed); A; F; FACU; DAOF; OKW-165 Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) J.D. Sauer (roughfruit amaranth); A; F; FAC; AMAFSA, DAOF, HWV; OK-083 *Chenopodium album L. (lambsquarters); A; F; FACU; DAOF; OKW-193 Chenopodium pratericola Rydb. (desert goosefoot); A; F; none; DAOF; OK-441 Chenopodium standleyanum Aellen (Standley's goosefoot); A; F; none; DAOF; OK-443 Oklahoma Native Plant Record 33 Volume 20, December 2020 Amy K. Buthod and Bruce Hoagland *Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants (Mexican tea); A; F; FAC; DAOF; OK-447 Froelichia floridana (Nutt.) Moq. (cottonweed); A; F; none; DAOF; OKW-229 Iresine rhizomatosa Standl. (Juda's bush); P; F; FACW; URCLFPFAFA; OK-320 Amaryllidaceae Allium canadense L. var. fraseri Ownbey (Fraser meadow garlic); P; F; FACU; DAOF; OK-375 Nothoscordum bivalve (L.) Britton (crow-poison); P; F; FACU; DAOF; OK-261 Zephyranthes chlorosolen (Herb.) D. Dietr. (evening rainlily); P; F; FAC; BHBCHA; OK-201 Anacardiaceae Rhus aromatica Aiton (aromatic sumac); P; S; UPL; BHBCHA; OKW-088 Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze (eastern poison ivy); P; V; FACU; URCLFPFAFA; OKW-049 Apiaceae Ammoselinum butleri (Engelm. ex S. Watson) J.M. Coult. & Rose (Butler's sandparsley); A; F; FAC; DAOF; OK-284 Bifora americana Benth. & Hook. f. ex S. Watson (prairie bishop's weed); A; F; none; MRCMHA; OK-207 Chaerophyllum tainturieri Hook. var. tainturieri (hairyfruit chervil); A; F; none; DAOF, MRCMHA; OK-521 Cicuta maculata L. (water hemlock); P; F; OBL; URCLFPFAFA; OK-122 Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC. (Canadian honewort); P; F; FAC; URCLFPFAFA; OKW-024 Daucus pusillus Michx. (American wild carrot); A; F; none; DAOF; OK-121 Eryngium leavenworthii Torr. & A. Gray (Leavenworth's eryngo); A; F; none; BHBCHA; OK-294 Limnosciadium pinnatum (DC.) Mathias & Constance (tansy dogshade); A; F; FACW; HWV; OKW-217 Lomatium foeniculaceum (Nutt.) J.M. Coult. & Rose ssp. daucifolium (Torr. & A. Gray) W.L. Theob. (desert biscuitroot); P; F; none; BHBCHA; OKW-089 Polytaenia nuttallii DC. (Nuttall's prairie parsley); P; F; none; BHBCHA, DAOF; OK-099 Ptilimnium nuttallii (DC.) Britton (Nuttall's mockbishopweed); A; F; FACW; BHBCHA, MRCMHA; OK-161 Sanicula canadensis L. (snakeroot); B; F; FACW; QMQSCCFA; OK-192 Spermolepis divaricata (Benth. & Hook. f. ex S. Watson) Raf. ex Ser. (roughfruit scaleseed); A; F; FACW; BHBCHA; OK-392 *Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link (spreading hedgeparsley); A; F; none; DAOF; OK-185 *Torilis nodosa (L.) Gaertn. (knotted hedgeparsley); A; F; none; DAOF; OKW-113 Zizia aurea (L.) W.D.J. Koch (golden zizia); P; F; FAC; URCLFPFAFA; OK-129 Apocynaceae Apocynum cannabinum L. (Indianhemp); P; F; FAC; DAOF, SEEP; OK-109 Asclepias asperula (Decne.) Woodson ssp. capricornu (Woodson) Woodson (spider antelopehorn); P; F; none; MRCMHA; OK-479 Asclepias viridiflora Raf. (green comet milkweed); P; F; none; BHBCHA; OKW-035 Asclepias viridis Walter (green antelopehorn); P; F; none; DAOF; OK-174 Gonolobus suberosus (L.) R. Br. var. suberosus (angularfruit milkvine); P; F; FACW; QMQSCCFA; OK-391 Matelea biflora (Raf.) Woodson (twoflower milkvine); P; F; none; BHBCHA; OK-298 34 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 20, December 2020 Amy K. Buthod and Bruce Hoagland Aquifoliaceae Ilex decidua Walter (deciduous holly); P; S; FAC; QMQSCCFA; OK-445 Araceae Arisaema dracontium (L.) Schott (green dragon); P; F; FACW; URCLFPFAFA; OK-474 Spirodela polyrrhiza (L.) Schleid. (common duckmeat); P; F; OBL; HWV; OKW-156 Aristolochiaceae Aristolochia tomentosa Sims (woolly dutchman's pipe); P; F; FAC; URCLFPFAFA; OK-256 Asparagaceae Androstephium coeruleum (Scheele) Greene (blue funnel lily); P; F; none; BHBCHA; OKW-086 *Asparagus officinalis L. (garden asparagus); P; F; FACU; DAOF; OK-478 Camassia angusta (Engelm. & A. Gray) Blank. (prairie camas); P; F; none; BHBCHA; OKW-060 *Muscari botryoides (L.) Mill. (common grape hyacinth); P; F; none; DAOF; OKW-097 Polygonatum biflorum (Walter) Elliott (smooth Solomon's seal); P; F; FACU; URCLFPFAFA; OK-191 Yucca arkansana Trel. (Arkansas yucca); P; F; none; DAOF; OK-548 Aspleniaceae Asplenium resiliens Kunze (blackstem spleenwort); P; F; none; URCLFPFAFA; OKW-093 Asteraceae Achillea millefolium L. (common yarrow); P; F; FACU; DAOF; OK-008 Ageratina altissima (L.) King & H. Rob. (white snakeroot); P; F; UPL; URCLFPFAFA; OK-446 Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (annual ragweed); A; F; FACU; DAOF; OKW-175 Ambrosia bidentata Michx. (lanceleaf ragweed); A; F; none; DAOF; OK-254 Ambrosia psilostachya DC. (western ragweed); A; F; FACU; BHBCHA, DAOF; OK-032 Ambrosia trifida L. (giant ragweed); A; F; FAC; DAOF; OK-315 Amphiachyris dracunculoides (DC.) Nutt. (prairie broomweed); A; F; none; DAOF; OK-004 *Arctium minus Bernh. (lesser burdock); B; F; FACU; DAOF; OKW-225 Arnoglossum plantagineum Raf. (groovestem Indian plantain); P; F; FAC; BHBCHA, DAOF; OK-169 Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. (white sagebrush); P; F; UPL; BHBCHA; OKW-040 Astranthium ciliatum (Raf.) G.L. Nesom (entireleaf western daisy); A; F; none; BHBCHA; OKW-085 Bidens bipinnata L (Spanish needles); A; F; FACU; URCLFPFAFA; OKW-163 Bidens frondosa L. (devil's beggartick); A; F; FACW; AMAFSA, URCLFPFAFA; OK-044 *Carduus nutans L. (nodding plumeless thistle); B; F; FACU; DAOF; OK-167 Chaetopappa asteroides Nutt. ex DC. (Arkansas leastdaisy); A; F; none; MRCMHA; OK-477 Cirsium altissimum (L.) Hill (tall thistle); B; F; none; DAOF; OK-321 Cirsium engelmannii Rydb. (Engelmann's thistle); P; F; none; DAOF; OK-100 Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng. (wavyleaf thistle); P; F; FACU; DAOF; OK-216 Conoclinium coelestinum (L.) DC. (mist flower); P; F; FACW; AMAFSA, URCLFPFAFA; OK-020 Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist (Canadian horseweed); A; F; none; DAOF; OK-293 Conyza ramosissima Cronquist (dwarf horseweed); A; F; none; DAOF; OKW-181 Coreopsis grandiflora Hogg ex Sweet (largeflower tickseed); P; F; none; BHBCHA; OK-389 Coreopsis lanceolata L. (tickweed); P; F; FACU; MRCMHA; OK-536 Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. (golden tickseed); A; F; FAC; DAOF; OK-217 Diaperia prolifera Nutt. ex DC. (bighead pygmycudweed); A; F; none; DAOF; OK-513 Oklahoma Native Plant Record 35 Volume 20, December 2020 Amy K. Buthod and Bruce Hoagland Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. (false daisy); A; F; FACW; HWV; OK-251 Elephantopus carolinianus Raeusch. (Carolina elephantsfoot); P; F; FAC; QMQSCCFA; OK-073 Engelmannia peristenia (Raf.) Goodman & C.A. Lawson (Engelmann's daisy); P; F; none; BHBCHA; OK-135 Erechtites hieraciifolius (L.) Raf. ex DC. (fireweed); A; F; none; URCLFPFAFA; OK-015 Erigeron philadelphicus L. (Philadelphia fleabane); P; F; FAC; AMAFSA; OK-273 Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd. (prairie fleabane); A; F; FACU; DAOF; OK-154 Eupatorium perfoliatum L. (common boneset); P; F; FACW; SEEP; OK-250 Eupatorium serotinum Michx. (lateflowering thoroughwort); P; F; FAC; DAOF; OK-250 Gaillardia pulchella Foug. (Indian blanket); A; F; UPL; BHBCHA; OK-136 Gamochaeta pensylvanica (Willd.) Cabrera (Pennsylvania everlasting); A; F; UPL; DAOF; OKW-099 Gamochaeta purpurea (L.) Cabrera (spoonleaf purple everlasting); P; F; FACU; DAOF; OK-095 Grindelia lanceolata Nutt. (narrowleaf gumweed); P; F; none; BHBCHA; OKW-190 Helenium amarum (Raf.) H. Rock (bitterweed); A; F; FACU; DAOF; OK-003 Helianthus annuus L. (common sunflower); A; F; FACU; DAOF; OK-401 Helianthus hirsutus Raf. (hairy sunflower); P; F; none; QMQSCCFA; OK-493 Helianthus maximiliani Schrad. (Maximilian sunflower); P; F; FACU; DAOF; OK-440 Helianthus tuberosus L. (Jerusalem artichoke); P; F; FACU; URCLFPFAFA; OK-563 Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet (smooth oxeye); P; F; FACU; URCLFPFAFA; OKW-012 Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britton & Rusby (camphorweed); A; F; FACU; UPL; BHBCHA; OKW-176 Hymenopappus scabiosaeus L'Hér. var. corymbosus (Torr. & A. Gray) B.L. Turner (Carolina woolywhite); B; F; none; DAOF; OK-368 Iva angustifolia Nutt. ex DC. (narrowleaf marshelder); A; F; none; DAOF; OK-562 Iva annua L. (sumpweed); A; F; FAC; HWV; OK-028 Krigia caespitosa (Raf.) K.L. Chambers (weedy dwarfdandelion); A; F; FACU; BHBCHA; OKW-110 Krigia occidentalis Nutt. (western dwarfdandelion); A; F; none; DAOF; OK-283 Lactuca ludoviciana (Nutt.) Riddell (western wild lettuce); A; F; FACU; URCLFPFAFA; OK-204 *Lactuca serriola L. (prickly lettuce); A; F; FACU; DAOF; OKW-034 Liatris punctata Hook. var. mucronata (DC.) B.L. Turner (densespike blazingstar); P; F; none; BHBCHA; OKW-152 Lindheimera texana A. Gray & Engelm. (Texas yellow star); A; F; none; MRCMHA; OK-480 Marshallia caespitosa Nutt. ex DC. (Barbara's buttons); P; F; FAC; BHBCHA; OK-173 Packera glabella (Poir.) C. Jeffrey (butterweed); A; F; FACW; BHBCHA; OKW-125 Packera obovata (Muhl. ex Willd.) W.A. Weber & A. Löve (roundleaf ragwort); P; F; FACU; AMAFSA; OK-264 Packera plattensis (Nutt.) W.A. Weber & A. Löve (prairie groundsel); P; F; FACU; BHBCHA; OKW-090 *Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Santa Maria feverfew); A; F; FAC; DAOF; OK-030 Plectocephalus americanus (Nutt.) D. Don (American star-thistle); A; F; none; BHBCHA; OKW-031 Pluchea odorata (L.) Cass. (sweetscent); A; F; FACW; HWV; OKW-167 Pyrrhopappus grandiflorus (Nutt.) Nutt. (tuberous desert-chicory); P; F; none; BHBCHA; OKW-137 Pyrrhopappus pauciflorus (D. Don) DC. (smallflower desert-chicory); A; F; none; MRCMHA; OK-212 Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl. (yellow coneflower); P; F; none; DAOF; OK-327 Rudbeckia amplexicaulis Vahl (clasping coneflower); A; F; FAC; BHBCHA; OK-138 Rudbeckia fulgida Aiton (orange coneflower); P; F; FAC; SEEP; OK-068 Rudbeckia hirta L. (blackeyed Susan); P; F; FACU; DAOF; OK-106 Rudbeckia laciniata L. (cutleaf coneflower); P; F; FAC; AMAFSA; OK-340 36 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 20, December 2020 Amy K. Buthod and Bruce Hoagland Rudbeckia triloba L. (browneyed Susan); P; F; FACU; URCLFPFAFA; OK-400 Silphium integrifolium Michx. (wholeleaf rosinweed); P; F; FAC; DAOF; OK-554 Silphium laciniatum L. (compassplant); P; F; none; DAOF; OK-219 Silphium radula Nutt. var. radula (Reverchon's rosinweed); P; F; none; DAOF; OK-555 Smallanthus uvedalia (L.) Mack. ex Small (hairy leafcup); P; F; none; URCLFPFAFA; OK-317 Solidago altissima L. ssp. gilvocanescens (Rydb.) Semple (prairie goldenrod); P; F; FACU; BHBCHA, DAOF; OK-434 Solidago gigantea Aiton (giant goldenrod); P; F; FAC; SEEP; OK-432 Solidago rigida L. ssp. rigida (stiff goldenrod); P; F; FACU; DAOF; OK-424 Solidago ulmifolia Michx. ex Willd. (elmleaf goldenrod); P; F; none; QMQSCCFA; OK-433 *Sonchus asper (L.) Hill (spiny sowthistle); A; F; FAC; DAOF; OK-208 Symphyotrichum drummondii (Lindl.) G.L. Nesom var. texanum (E.S. Burgess) G.L. Nesom (blue wood aster); P; F; none; QMQSCCFA; OK-428 Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) G.L. Nesom var. ericoides (white heath aster); P; F; FACU; DAOF; OK-023 Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (Willd.) G.L. Nesom var. lanceolatum (white panicle aster); P; F; FACW; QMQSCCFA; OK-430 Symphyotrichum oolentangiense (Riddell) G.L. Nesom (skyblue aster); P; F; none; URCLFPFAFA; OKW-220 Symphyotrichum praealtum (Poir.) G.L. Nesom (willowleaf aster); P; F; FACW; DAOF; OK-429 Symphyotrichum subulatum (Michx.) G.L. Nesom (salt marsh aster); P; F; OBL; DAOF, HWV; OK-059 *Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg. (common dandelion); P; F; FACU; DAOF; OK-462 Tetraneuris linearifolia (Hook.) Greene (fineleaf fournerved daisy); A; F; none; MRCMHA; OK-182 Thelesperma filifolium (Hook.) A. Gray (stiff greenthread); P; F; none; BHBCHA; OKW-064 Verbesina alternifolia (L.) Britton ex Kearney (wingstem); P; F; FAC; QMQSCCFA; OK-074 Verbesina virginica L. (Virginia crownbeard); P; F; FACU; URCLFPFAFA; OK-316 Vernonia baldwinii Torr. (Baldwin's ironweed); P; F; FACU; DAOF; OK-061 Vernonia missurica Raf. (Missouri ironweed); P; F; FACW; SEEP; OK-553 Xanthium strumarium L. (rough cocklebur); A; F; FAC; HWV; OK-031 Berberidaceae Podophyllum peltatum L. (mayapple); P; F; FACU; QMQSCCFA; OK-128 Betulaceae †Alnus maritima (Marshall) Muhl. ex Nutt. (seaside alder); P; S; OBL; AMAFSA; OKW-173; S2G3 Bignoniaceae Campsis radicans (L.) Seem. ex Bureau (trumpet creeper); P; V; FACU; QMQSCCFA; OK-131 Boraginaceae Lithospermum incisum Lehm. (narrowleaf puccoon); P; F; none; DAOF; OK-262 Myosotis verna Nutt. (spring forget-me-not); A; F; FAC; BHBCHA, QMQSCCFA; OK-465 Brassicaceae *Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. (shepherd's purse); A; F; FACU; DAOF; OK-465 Cardamine parviflora L. (sand bittercress); A; F; FACW; DAOF; OK-281 *Chorispora tenella (Pall.) DC. (crossflower); A; F; none; DAOF; OKW-084 Oklahoma Native Plant Record 37 Volume 20, December 2020 Amy K. Buthod and Bruce Hoagland *Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl (herb sophia); A; F; none; DAOF; OKW-080 Draba brachycarpa Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray (shortpod draba); A; F; none; DAOF; OK-279 Draba reptans (Lam.) Fernald (Carolina draba); A; F; none; BHBCHA; OKW-094 *Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. (common pepperweed); A; F; FAC; DAOF; OK-367 *Nasturtium officinale W.T. Aiton (watercress); P; F; OBL; SEEP; OK-019 Physaria gracilis (Hook.) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz (spreading bladderpod); A; F; FACW; AMAFSA; OK-265 Physaria ovalifolia (Rydb.) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz ssp. alba (Goodman) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz (roundleaf bladderpod); P; F; none; BHBCHA; OK-543 Physaria ovalifolia (Rydb.) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz ssp. ovalifolia (roundleaf bladderpod); P; F; none; MRCMHA; OKW-209 Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser (bog yellowcress); A; F; OBL; HWV; OK-387 Rorippa sessiliflora (Nutt.) Hitchc. (stalkless yellowcress); A; F; OBL; HWV; OKW-196 *Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. (hedgemustard); A; F; none; DAOF; OK-097 *Thlaspi arvense L. (field pennycress); A; F; FACU; DAOF; OKW-051 Cactaceae Echinocereus reichenbachii (Terscheck ex Walp.) J.N. Haage (lace hedgehog cactus); P; F; none; BHBCHA, MRCHHA; OKW-144 Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf. (devil's tongue); P; S; none; DAOF; OK-549 Opuntia phaeacantha Engelm. (tulip pricklypear); P; S; none; BHBCHA; OKW-219 Campanulaceae Lobelia cardinalis L. (cardinalflower); P; F; FACW; AMAFSA; OK-009 Lobelia siphilitica L. (great blue lobelia); P; F; OBL; SEEP; OK-086 Triodanis leptocarpa (Nutt.) Nieuwl. (western Venus' lookingglass); A; F; none; DAOF; OK-374 Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. ssp. biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Lammers (clasping Venus' looking glass); A; F; FAC; MRCMHA; OK-484 Cannabaceae Celtis laevigata Willd. (sugarberry); P; T; FAC; URCLFPFAFA; OK-277 Caprifoliaceae *Lonicera japonica Thunb. (Japanese honeysuckle); P; V; FACU; SEEP; OK-163 Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench (coralberry); P; S; FACU; BHBCHA; OKW-042 Caryophyllaceae *Arenaria serpyllifolia L. (thymeleaf sandwort); A; F; FACU; DAOF; OK-200 Cerastium brachypodum (Engelm. ex A. Gray) B.L. Rob. (shortstalk chickweed); P; F; FACU; DAOF; OK-286 *Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. (sticky chickweed); A; F; FACU; DAOF; OK-289 *Cerastium pumilum W. Curtis (European chickweed); A; F; none; DAOF; OK-288 *Dianthus armeria L. (Deptford pink); A; F; UPL; DAOF; OKW-213 Minuartia drummondii (Shinners) McNeill (Drummond's stitchwort); A; F; none; BHBCHA; OKW-120 Minuartia michauxii (Fenzl) Farw. (rock sandwort); A; F; none; MRCMHA; OK-540 Minuartia patula (Michx.) Mattf. (pitcher's stitchwort); A; F; FAC; DAOF; OK-287 Paronychia virginica Spreng. (yellow nailwort); P; F; none; BHBCHA; OK-394 38 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 20, December 2020 Amy K. Buthod and Bruce Hoagland Silene antirrhina L. (sleepy catchfly); A; F; none; BHBCHA, DAOF; OK-518 Silene stellata (L.) W.T. Aiton (widowsfrill); P; F; none; QMQSCCFA; OK-255 *Stellaria media (L.) Vill. (common chickweed); A; F; FACU; AMAFSA, URCLFPFAFA; OK-270 Celastraceae Celastrus scandens L. (American bittersweet); P; V; UPL; SEEP; OK-350 Cleomaceae Polanisia dodecandra (L.) DC. (redwhisker clammyweed); A; F; FACU; BHBCHA; OKW-010 Commelinaceae Commelina erecta L. (whitemouth dayflower); P; F; FACU; BHBCHA, DAOF; OK-231 Commelina virginica L. (Virginia dayflower); P; F; FAC; AMAFSA, URCLFPFAFA; OK-331 Tradescantia ohiensis Raf. (Ohio spiderwort); P; F; FACU; BHBCHA; OKW-216 Convolvulaceae Convolvulus equitans Benth. (Texas bindweed); P; F; FACU; BHBCHA, MRCMHA; OK-139 Cuscuta indecora Choisy var. indecora (showy dodder); P; F; none; BHBCHA; OK-497 Dichondra carolinensis Michx. (Carolina ponysfoot); P; F; FAC; DAOF; OKW-218 Evolvulus nuttallianus Schult. (shaggy dwarf morning-glory); P; F; none; MRCMHA; OK-152 *Ipomoea hederacea Jacq. (ivyleaf morning-glory); A; F; FAC; AMAFSA; OK-436 Ipomoea lacunosa L. (whitestar); A; F; FACW; AMAFSA; OK-038 Cornaceae Cornus drummondii C.A. Mey. (roughleaf dogwood); P; T; FACQ; MQSCCFA; OK-522 Crassulaceae Sedum nuttallii Torr. & E. James ex Eaton (yellow stonecrop); A; F; none; BHBCHA; OKW-133 Sedum pulchellum Michx. (widowscross); A; F; FACU; BHBCHA, MRCMHA; OK-148 Cucurbitaceae Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth (buffalo gourd); P; F; none; DAOF; OK-490 *Cucurbita pepo L. (gourd); A; F; none; AMAFSA; OK-060 Melothria pendula L. (Guadeloupe cucumber); P; F; FAC; DAOF; OK-036 Sicyos angulatus L. (oneseed burr cucumber); A; F; FACW; AMAFSA, URCLFPFAFA; OK-398 Cupressaceae Juniperus virginiana L. (eastern redcedar); P; T; UPL; QMQSCCFA; OKW-183 Cyperaceae Carex albicans Willd. ex Spreng. (whitetinge sedge); P; G; FACU; QMQSCCFA; OK-461 Carex aureolensis Steud. (goldenfruit sedge); P; G; none; AMAFSA; OK-408 Carex blanda Dewey (eastern woodland sedge); P; G; FAC; QMQSCCFA; OK-409 Carex brevior (Dewey) Mack. (shortbeak sedge); P; G; FAC; BHBCHA; OKW-150 Carex bulbostylis Mack. (false hair sedge); P; G; FACW; QSQMCCWA; OKW-199 Carex bushii Mack. (Bush's sedge); P; G; OBL; DAOF; OK-546 Carex caroliniana Schwein. (Carolina sedge); P; G; OBL; QMQSCCFA; OKW-147 Oklahoma Native Plant Record 39 Volume 20, December 2020 Amy K. Buthod and Bruce Hoagland Carex cephalophora Muhl. ex Willd. (oval-leaf sedge); P; G; OBL; URCLFPFAFA; OK-410 Carex cherokeensis Schwein. (Cherokee sedge); P; G; FACW; QMQSCCFA; OK-237 Carex complanata Torr. & Hook. (hirsute sedge); P; G; FAC; URCLFPFAFA; OKW-151 Carex corrugata Fernald (prune-fruit sedge); P; G; FACW; URCLFPFAFA; OK-456 Carex emoryi Dewey (Emory's sedge); P; G; OBL; HWV; OKW-205 Carex festucacea Schkuhr ex Willd. (fescue sedge); P; G; FACW; URCLFPFAFA; OK-458 Carex frankii Kunth (Frank's sedge); P; G; OBL; HWV; OK-229 Carex granularis Muhl. ex Willd. (limestone meadow sedge); P; G; OBL; URCLFPFAFA; OK-550 Carex grisea Wahlenb. (inflated narrow-leaf sedge); P; G; FACW; URCLFPFAFA; OK-547 Carex leavenworthii Dewey (Leavenworth's sedge); P; G; none; URCLFPFAFA; OK-411 Carex microdonta Torr. & Hook. (littletooth sedge); P; G; OBL; DAOF; OK-415 Carex perdentata S.D. Jones (sand sedge); P; G; none; URCLFPFAFA; OK-457 Carex retroflexa Muhl. ex Willd. (knotsheath sedge); P; G; FACU; QMQSCCFA; OK-545 Carex vulpinoidea Michx. (fox sedge); P; G; FACW; HWV; OK-417 Cyperus acuminatus Torr. & Hook. ex Torr. (taperleaf flat sedge); P; G; OBL; HWV; OK-050 Cyperus echinatus (L.) Alph. Wood (globe flatsedge); P; G; FAC; DAOF; OK-329 Cyperus esculentus L. (chufa flatsedge); P; G; FACW; DAOF; OK-423 Cyperus lupulinus (Spreng.) Marcks (Great Plains flatsedge); P; G; FACU; DAOF; OK-559 Cyperus odoratus L. (fragrant flatsedge); P; G; FACW; HWV; OK-052 Cyperus retroflexus Buckley (oneflower flatsedge); P; G; none; QMQSCCFA; OK-498 Cyperus retrorsus Chapm. (pine barren flatsedge); P; G; FAC; DAOF; OKW-232 Cyperus setigerus Torr. & Hook. (lean flatsedge); P; G; FAC; SEEP; AB-12359 Cyperus squarrosus L. (bearded flatsedge); A; G; OBL; SEEP; OK-499 Cyperus strigosus L. (strawcolored flatsedge); P; G; FACW; SEEP; OK-087 Eleocharis acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult. (needle spikerush); A; G; OBL; HWV; OKW-068 Eleocharis compressa Sull. var. acutisquamata (Buckley) S. G. Sm. (sharpscale spikerush); P; G; FACW; HWV; OK-404 Eleocharis engelmannii Steud. (Engelmann's spikerush); A; G; FACW; HWV; OK-414 Eleocharis montevidensis Kunth (sand spikerush); P; G; FACW; HWV, SEEP; OK-407 Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) Schult. (blunt spikesedge); A; G; OBL; HWV; OK-051 Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. & Schult. (common spikerush); P; G; OBL; HWV; OK-094 Eleocharis parvula (Roem. & Schult.) Link ex Bluff, Nees & Schauer (dwarf spikerush); A; G; OBL; HWV; OKW-004 Eleocharis quadrangulata (Michx.) Roem. & Schult. (squarestem spikerush); P; G; OBL; HWV; OK-215 Fimbristylis puberula (Michx.) Vahl var. puberula (hairy fimbry); P; G; OBL; BHBCHA, DAOF; OK-515 Fuirena simplex Vahl (western umbrella-sedge); P; G; OBL; SEEP; OK-084 Isolepis carinata Hook. & Arn. ex Torr. (keeled bulrush); A; G; FACW; HWV; OK-516 Rhynchospora harveyi W. Boott (Harvey's beakrush); P; G; FAC; DAOF; OK-468 Schoenoplectus pungens (Vahl) Palla (common threesquare); P; G; OBL; SEEP; OK-202 Scirpus pendulus Muhl. (rufous bulrush); P; G; OBL; SEEP; OK-168 Scleria verticillata Muhl. ex Willd. (low nutrush); A; G; OBL; SEEP; OK-258 Ebenaceae Diospyros virginiana L. (common persimmon); P; T; FAC; QMQSCCFA; OK-162 Elatinaceae †Bergia texana (Hook.) Seub. ex Walp. (Texas bergia); P; F; OBL; HWV; OKW-162; S2G5 40 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 20, December 2020 Amy K. Buthod and Bruce Hoagland Euphorbiaceae Acalypha monococca (Engelm. ex A. Gray) Lill. W. Mill. & Gandhi (slender threeseed mercury); A; F; none; BHBCHA; OKW-067 Acalypha ostryifolia Riddell (pineland threeseed Mercury); A; F; none; QMQSCCFA; OK-248 Acalypha rhomboidea Raf. (Virginia threeseed Mercury); A; F; FACU; URCLFPFAFA; OK-039 Acalypha virginica L. (Virginia threeseed Mercury); A; F; FACU; URCLFPFAFA; OKW-036 Croton capitatus Michx. (wooly croton); A; F; none; DAOF; OK-246 Croton monanthogynus Michx. (prairie tea); A; F; none; DAOF; OK-007 Ditaxis mercurialina (Nutt.) J.M. Coult. (tall silverbush); P; F; none; BHBCHA; OKW-018 Euphorbia cyathophora Murray (fire on the mountain); A; F; UPL; URCLFPFAFA; OK-399 Euphorbia dentata Michx. (toothed spurge); A; F; none; URCLFPFAFA; OK-045 Euphorbia maculata L. (spotted sandmat); A; F; FACU; DAOF; OK-056 Euphorbia missurica Raf. (prairie sandmat); A; F; none; BHBCHA; OKW-164 Euphorbia nutans Lag. (eyebane); A; F; FACU; BHBCHA; OK-296 Euphorbia spathulata Lam. (warty spurge); A; F; FACU; MRCMHA; OK-183 Stillingia sylvatica L. (queen's-delight); P; F; none; BHBCHA; OKW-009 Tragia ramosa Torr. (nettle-leaf noseburn); P; F; none; MRCMHA; OK-482 Fabaceae Amorpha fruticosa L. (false índigo); P; S; FACW; AMAFSA; OK-178 Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fernald (American hogpeanut); A; F; FACU; URCLFPFAFA; OKW-046 Apios americana Medik. (groundnut); P; F; FAC; SEEP; OK-292 Astragalus crassicarpus Nutt. (groundplum milkvetch); P; F; none; DAOF; OK-565 Astragalus nuttallianus DC. (Nuttall's milkvetch); P; F; none; MRCMHA; OK-539 Baptisia australis (L.) R. Br. (blue wild indigo); P; F; UPL; DAOF; OK-533 Baptisia bracteata Muhl. ex Elliott (longbract wild indigo); P; F; none; BHBCHA; OKW-079 Cercis canadensis L. (eastern redbud); P; T; UPL; QMQSCCFA; OK-274 Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.) Greene (partridge pea); A; F; FACU; DAOF; OK-221 Dalea aurea Nutt. ex Fraser (golden prairie clover); P; F; none; BHBCHA; OK-323 Dalea candida Michx. ex Willd. (white prairie clover); P; F; none; BHBCHA; OK-111 Dalea purpurea Vent. (violet prairie clover); P; F; none; BHBCHA; OK-140 Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacMill. ex B.L. Rob. & Fernald (prairie bundleflower); P; F; FACU; DAOF; OK-242 Desmanthus leptolobus Torr. & A. Gray (slenderlobe bundleflower); P; F; none; DAOF; OKW-222 Desmodium canescens (L.) DC. (hoary ticktrefoil); P; F; none; DAOF; OK-556 Desmodium glutinosum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Alph. Wood (pointedleaf ticktrefoil); P; F; none; URCLFPFAFA; OKW-027 Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC. (panicled tickclover); P; F; UPL; DAOF; OK-421 Desmodium sessilifolium (Torr.) Torr. & A. Gray (sessileleaf ticktrefoil); P; F; none; BHBCHA; OKW-178 Desmodium tweedyi Britton (Tweedy's ticktrefoil); P; F; none; DAOF; OK-102 Galactia regularis (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. (eastern milkpea); P; F; none; URCLFPFAFA; OKW-014 Gleditsia triacanthos L. (honeylocust); P; T, FACU; QMQSCCFA; OK-337 Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch (Kentucky coffeetree); P; T, none; QMQSCCFA; OK-531 *Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl. (Japanese clover); A; F; UPL; DAOF; OK-347 *Lathyrus hirsutus L. (Caley pea); A; F; FAC; DAOF; OK-098 Oklahoma Native Plant Record 41 Volume 20, December 2020 Amy K. Buthod and Bruce Hoagland *Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don (Chinese lespedeza); P; F; FACU; BHBCHA, DAOF; OKW-039 Lespedeza texana Britton ex Small (Texas lespedeza); P; F; none; DAOF; OK-564 Lespedeza virginica (L.) Britton (slender lespedeza); P; F; none; DAOF; OK-566 *Medicago arabica (L.) Huds. (spotted medick); A; F; none; DAOF; OKW-100 *Medicago lupulina L. (black medick); A; F; FACU; DAOF; OK-206 *Medicago minima (L.) L. ex Bartal. (burr medick); A; F; none; DAOF; OK-351 *Melilotus albus Medik. (sweetclover); A; F; FACU; DAOF; OK-502 *Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. (yellow sweetclover); A; F; FACU; DAOF; OK-116 Mimosa nuttallii (DC. Ex Britton & Rose) B.L. Turner (Nuttall's sensitivebriar); P; F; none; DAOF; OK-373 Neptunia lutea (Leavenw.) Benth. (yellow puff); P; F; FACU; BHBCHA; OK-143 Psoralidium tenuiflorum (Pursh) Rydb. (slimflower scurfpea); P; F; none; BHBCHA; OK-146 Robinia pseudoacacia L. (black locust); P; T; UPL; DAOF; OKW-136 *Senna occidentalis (L.) Link (septicweed); A; F; UPL; AMAFSA; OK-070 Strophostyles helvola (L.) Elliott (amberique-bean); A; F; FACU; AMAFSA; OK-396 Stylosanthes biflora (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. (sidebeak pencilflower); P; F; none; BHBCHA; OKW-025 †Styphnolobium affine (Torr. & A. Gray) Walp. (Eve's necklace); P; T; none; URCLFPFAFA; OK-108; S3G4 *Trifolium arvense L. (rabbitfoot clover); A; F; none; DAOF; OK-528 *Trifolium campestre Schreb. (field clover); A; F; none; DAOF; OK-365 *Trifolium repens L. (white clover); P; F; FACU; DAOF; OK-175 *Trifolium resupinatum (reversed clover); A; F; FACU; BHBCHA, DAOF; OKW-115 *Trifolium vesiculosum Savi (arrowleaf clover); A; F; none; DAOF; OK-380 *Vicia sativa L. (garden vetch); A; F; FACU; BHBCHA; OKW-071 *Vicia villosa Roth var. glabrescens W.D.J. Koch (winter vetch); A; F; none; DAOF; OK-381 Fagaceae Quercus macrocarpa Michx. (bur oak); P; T; FACU; QMQSCCFA; OK-013 Quercus marilandica Münchh. (blackjack oak); P; T; none; BHBCHA; OKW-098 Quercus muehlenbergii Engelm. (chinkapin oak); P; T; FAC; URCLFPFAFA; OK-006 Quercus shumardii Buckley (Shumard's oak); P; T; FAC; QMQSCCFA; OKW-032 Quercus stellata Wangenh. (post oak ); P; T; FACU; BHBCHA; OKW-177 Quercus velutina Lam. (black oak); P; T; none; QMQSCCFA; OK-233 Gentianaceae †Centaurium texense (Griseb.) Fernald (Lady Bird's centaury); A; F; none; MRCMHA; OK-213; S1G4? Sabatia campestris Nutt. (meadow pink); A; F; FAC; BHBCHA, DAOF; OKW-226 Geraniaceae *Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Hér. ex Aiton (redstem stork's bill); A; F; none; DAOF; OKW-112 Geranium carolinianum L. (Carolina crane's bill); A; F; none; DAOF; OK-181 *Geranium pusillum L. (small geranium); A; none; F; DAOF; OKW-134 Geranium texanum (Trel.) A. Heller (Texas geranium); A; F; none; DAOF; OK-525 42 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 20, December 2020 Amy K. Buthod and Bruce Hoagland Grossulariaceae Ribes aureum Pursh var. villosum DC. (golden currant); P; S; FACU; URCLFPFAFA; OKW-092 Haloragaceae Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michx. (twoleaf watermilfoil); P; F; OBL; HWV; OK-422 Hamamelidaceae *Liquidambar styraciflua L. (sweetgum); P; T; FAC; DAOF; OKW-101 Heliotropiaceae *Heliotropium indicum L. (India heliotrope); A; F; FACW; AMAFSA; OK-005 Heliotropium tenellum (Nutt.) Torr. (pasture heliotrope); A; F; none; BHBCHA; OK-137 Hydrophyllaceae Phacelia strictiflora (Engelm. & A. Gray) A. Gray (prairie phacelia); A; F; none; URCLFPFAFA; OKW-057 Hypericaceae Hypericum sphaerocarpum Michx. (roundseed St. Johnswort); P; F; FACU; MRCMHA; OK-520 Hypoxiaceae Hypoxis hirsuta (L.) Coville (common goldstar); P; F; FACW; MRCMHA; OK-153 Iridaceae *Iris pseudacorus L. (paleyellow iris); P; F; OBL; AMAFSA; OK-257 Sisyrinchium angustifolium Mill. (narrowleaf blue-eyed grass); P; F; FACW; BHBCHA, DAOF; OK-532 Juglandaceae Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch (bitternut hickory); P; T; FACU; QMQSCCFA; OK-232 Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch (pecan); P; T; FAC; URCLFPFAFA; OK-025 Juglans nigra L. (black walnut); P; T; FACU; QMQSCCFA; OK-011 Juncaceae Juncus brachyphyllus Wiegand (tuftedstem rush); P; G; FAC; DAOF; OK-091 Juncus diffusissimus Buckley (slimpod rush); P; G; FACW; HWV; OK-055 Juncus filipendulus Buckley (ringseed rush); P; G; FAC; SEEP; OK-416 Juncus interior Wiegand (inland rush); P; G; FACW; BHBCHA; OKW-160 Juncus marginatus Rostk. (grassleaf rush); P; G; FACW; HWV; OK-238 Juncus nodatus Coville (stout rush); P; G; OBL; HWV; OK-227 Juncus tenuis Willd. (poverty rush); P; G; FAC; QMQSCCFA; OK-130 Juncus torreyi Coville (Torrey's rush); P; G; FACW; HWV; OK-223 Juncus validus Coville (roundhead rush); P; G; FACW; HWV; OK-466 Krameriaceae Krameria lanceolata Torr. (trailing ratany); P; F; none; BHBCHA; OK-142 Lamiaceae Clinopodium glabrum (Nutt.) Kuntze (limestone calamint); P; F; FAC; MRCMHA; OK-151 Oklahoma Native Plant Record 43 Volume 20, December 2020 Amy K. Buthod and Bruce Hoagland Hedeoma drummondii Benth. (Drummond's false pennyroyal); P; F; none; BHBCHA; OKW-139 Hedeoma hispida Pursh (rough false pennyroyal); P; F; none; MRCMHA; OK-363 *Lamium amplexicaule L. (henbit deadnettle); A; F; none; DAOF; OK-259 *Lamium purpureum L. (purple deadnettle); A; F; none; AMAFSA; OK-290 Lycopus americanus Muhl. ex W.P.C. Bartram (American bugleweed); P; F; OBL; SEEP; OK-066 Monarda clinopodioides A. Gray (basil beebalm); A; F; none; BHBCHA; OK-214 Monarda fistulosa L. (wild bergamot); P; F; UPL; BHBCHA; OKW-033 *Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton (beefsteakplant); A; F; FAC; AMAFSA, URCLFPFAFA; OK-010 Physostegia intermedia (Nutt.) Engelm. & A. Gray (slender false dragonhead); P; F; OBL; HWV; OKW-223 Prunella vulgaris L. (common selfheal); P; F; FAC; URCLFPFAFA; OK-021 Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Schrad. (narrowleaf mountainmint); P; F; FAC; SEEP; OK-110 Salvia azurea Michx. ex Lam. (azure blue sage); P; F; none; BHBCHA; OKW-179 Scutellaria lateriflora L. (mad dog skullcap); P; F; OBL; SEEP; AB-12360 Scutellaria parvula Michx. var. australis Fassett (small skullcap); P; F; UPL; MRCMHA; OK-378 Stachys tenuifolia Willd. (slender betony); P; F; FACW; HWV; OKW-234 Teucrium canadense L. (American germander); P; F; FACW; AMAFSA; OK-218 Trichostema brachiatum L. (fluxweed); A; F; none; BHBCHA; OKW-159 Lentibulariaceae Utricularia gibba L. (humped bladderwort); P; F; OBL; SEEP; OK-450 Liliaceae Erythronium albidum Nutt. (white fawnlily); P; F; FACU; QMQSCCFA; OK-460 Linaceae Linum medium (Planch.) Britton var. texanum (Planch.) Fernald (stiff yellow flax); A; F; FAC; DAOF; OK-504 Linum pratense (Norton) Small (meadow flax); A; F; none; MRCMHA; OK-535 Linum rigidum Pursh (stiffstem flax); A; F; none; BHBCHA, MRCMHA; OK-210 Linderniaceae Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell (yellowseed false pimpernel); A; F; OBL; HWV; OK-247 Loganiaceae †Mitreola petiolata (J.F. Gmel.) Torr. & A. Gray (lax hornpod); A; F; FACW; SEEP; OK-085; S1G4G5 Lythraceae Ammannia auriculata Willd. (eared redstem); A; F; OBL; HWV; OK-042 Ammannia coccinea Rottb. (valley redstem); A; F; OBL; HWV; OK-054 Lythrum alatum Pursh (winged lythrum); P; F; OBL; HWV; OK-326 Rotala ramosior L. Koehne (lowland rotala); A; F; none; HWV; OK-053 Malvaceae *Abutilon theophrasti Medik. (velvetleaf); A; F; UPL; DAOF; OK-252 Callirhoe alcaeoides (Michx.) A. Gray (pink poppy mallow); P; F; OBL; DAOF; OK-172 Callirhoe involucrata (Torr. & A. Gray) A. Gray (purple poppymallow); P; F; none; DAOF; OK-190 44 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 20, December 2020 Amy K. Buthod and Bruce Hoagland Callirhoe pedata (Nutt. ex Hook.) A. Gray (palmleaf poppymallow); P; F; none; MRCMHA; OK-481 Sida spinosa L. (prickly fanpetals); A; F; UPL; DAOF; OK-222 Marsileaceae †Marsilea vestita Hook. & Grev. (hairy waterclover); P; F; OBL; HWV; OKW-003; S3G5 Menispermaceae Cocculus carolinus (L.) DC. (Carolina coralbead); P; F; FACU; URCLFPFAFA; OK-037 Molluginaceae *Glinus lotoides L. (lotus sweetjuice); A; F; FACW; HWV; OKW-044 Mollugo verticillata L. (green carpetweed); A; F; FAC; DAOF; OK-033 Montiaceae Claytonia virginica L. (Virginia springbeauty); P; F; FACU; DAOF, QMQSCCFA; OK-260 Phemeranthus parviflorus (Nutt.) Kiger (sunbright); P; F; none; BHBCHA; OKW-019 Moraceae Maclura pomifera (Raf.) C.K. Schneid. (osage orange); P; T; FACU; DAOF; OK-176 *Morus alba L. (white mulberry); P; T; FACU; DAOF; OK-552 Morus rubra L. (red mulberry); P; T; FACU; QMQSCCFA; OK-388 Najadaceae Najas guadalupensis (Spreng.) Magnus (southern waternymph); A; F; OBL; HWV; OKW-157 Nyctaginaceae Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacMill. (heartleaf four o'clock); P; F; UPL; URCLFPFAFA; OK-187 Nymphaeaceae Nuphar advena (Aiton) W. T. Aiton (yellow pond-lily); P; F; OBL; HWV; OK-184 Oleaceae Forestiera pubescens Nutt. var. pubescens (elbowbush); P; S; FACU; MRCMHA; OK-523 Fraxinus americana L. (white ash); P; T; FACU; SEEP, URCLFPFAFA; OK-022 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. (green ash); P; T; FAC; URCLFPFAFA; OK-239 *Ligustrum quihoui Carrière (waxyleaf privet); P; S; none; DAOF, QMQSCCFA; OK-062 Onagraceae Ludwigia glandulosa Walter (cylindricfruit primrose-willow); P; F; OBL; HWV; OK-226 Ludwigia peploides (Kunth) P.H. Raven (floating primrose-willow); P; F; OBL; HWV; OK-386 Ludwigia repens J.R. Forst. (creeping primrose-willow); P; F; OBL; SEEP; OK-063 Oenothera berlandieri (Spach) Steud. ssp. berlandieri (Spach) Steud. (Berlandier's sundrops); P; F; none; BHBCHA; OK-395 Oenothera curtiflora W.L. Wagner & Hoch (velvety gaura); A; F; UPL; DAOF; OK-449 Oenothera filiformis (Small) W.L. Wagner & Hoch (longflower beeblossom); A; F; none; DAOF; OK-344 Oenothera glaucifolia W.L. Wagner & Hoch (false gaura); P; F; none; BHBCHA; OKW-172 Oenothera laciniata Hill (cutleaf evening-primrose); P; F; FACU; BHBCHA; OKW-077 Oklahoma Native Plant Record 45 Volume 20, December 2020 Amy K. Buthod and Bruce Hoagland Oenothera linifolia Nutt. (threadleaf evening-primrose); A; F; none; MRCMHA; OK-514 Oenothera macrocarpa Nutt. (bigfruit evening-primrose); P; F; none; BHBCHA, MRCMHA; OK-132 Oenothera spachiana Torr. & A. Gray (Spach's evening-primrose); A; F; none; BHBCHA; OKW-126 Oenothera suffulta (Engelm.) W.L. Wagner & Hoch (roadside gaura); A; F; none; BHBCHA, MRCMHA; OK-486 Oenothera triloba Nutt. (stemless evening primrose); A; F; none; BHBCHA, MRCMHA; OK-537 Ophioglossaceae Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. (rattlesnake fern); P; F; FACU; URCLFPFAFA; OKW-043 Ophioglossum engelmannii Prantl; limestone adderstongue; P; F; FACU; BHBCHA; OKW-188 Orchidaceae Spiranthes cernua (L.) Rich. (nodding lady's tresses); P; F; FACW; DAOF; OK-452 Spiranthes lacera (Raf.) Raf. var. gracilis (Bigelow) Luer (northern slender ladies'-tresses); P; F; FAC; DAOF; OK-431 Spiranthes magnicamporum Sheviak (Great Plains lady's tresses); P; F; FAC; SEEP; OK-453 Spiranthes vernalis Engelm. A. Gray (spring ladies'-tresses); P; F; FACW; BHBCHA; OKW-037 Orobanchaceae Agalinis heterophylla (Nutt.) Small (prairie false foxglove); A; F; FAC; DAOF; OK-451 Castilleja indivisa Engelm. (Indian paintbrush); A; F; FAC; BHBCHA, DAOF; OK-141 Oxalidaceae Oxalis corniculata L. (creeping woodsorrel); P; F; FACU; DAOF; OK-080 Oxalis violacea L. (violet woodsorrel); P; F; none; BHBCHA; OKW-109 Papaveraceae Argemone polyanthemos (Fedde) G.B. Ownbey (crested pricklypoppy); A; F; none; BHBCHA; OKW 061 Passifloraceae Passiflora incarnata L. (may-pop); P; F; none; DAOF; OK-491 Passiflora lutea L. (yellow passionflower); P; F; none; QMQSCCFA, URCLFPFAFA; OK-338 Penthoraceae Penthorum sedoides L. (ditch stonecrop); P; F; OBL; AMAFSA; OKW-013 Phrymaceae Mimulus alatus Aiton (sharpwing monkeyflower); P; F; OBL; AMAFSA; OK-035 Phryma leptostachya L. (American lopseed); P; F; FACU; QMQSCCFA; OK-125 Phyllanthaceae Phyllanthus polygonoides Nutt. ex Spreng. (smartweed leaf-flower ); P; F; none; MRCMHA; OK-145 Phytolaccaceae Phytolacca americana L. (pokeweed); P; F; FACU; DAOF; OK-123 46 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 20, December 2020 Amy K. Buthod and Bruce Hoagland Plantaginaceae Bacopa rotundifolia (Michx.) Wettst. (disk waterhyssop); P; F; OBL; HWV; OK-253 Callitriche heterophylla Pursh (greater waterstarwort); A; F; OBL; HWV; OKW-210 Gratiola neglecta Torr. (clammy hedgehyssop); A; F; OBL; HWV; OK-362 Gratiola virginiana L. (roundfruit hedgehyssop); A; F; OBL; HWV; OKW-204 Leucospora multifida (Michx.) Nutt. (narrowleaf paleseed); A; F; FACW; DAOF, HWV; OK-249 Nuttallanthus texanus (Scheele) D.A. Sutton (Texas toadflax); A; F; none; BHBCHA; OKW-075 Penstemon cobaea Nutt. var. purpureus Pennell (cobaea beardtongue); P; F; none; BHBCHA; OKW-145 Plantago aristata Michx. (bottlebrush plantain); A; F; none; MRCMHA; OK-366 Plantago elongata Pursh (prairie plantain); A; F; FACW; BHBCHA; OKW-081 Plantago rugelii Decne. (blackseed plantain); P; F; FACU; HWV; OKW-227 Plantago virginica L. (paleseed plantain); A; F; FACU; DAOF; OK-384 Plantago wrightiana Decne. (Wright's plantain); A; F; none; BHBCHA, MRCMHA; OKW-140 Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. (water speedwell); P; F; OBL; AMAFSA; OK-197 *Veronica arvensis L. (corn speedwell); A; F; FACU; DAOF; OK-280 Veronica peregrina L. (purslane speedwell); A; F; FACW; DAOF; OK-276 *Veronica persica Poir. (birdeye speedwell); A; F; none; AMAFSA, DAOF; OK-267 Platanaceae Platanus occidentalis L. (American sycamore); P; T; FAC; DAOF, URCLFPFAFA; OK-332 Poaceae *Aegilops cylindrica Host (jointed goatgrass); A; G; none; DAOF; OK-115 Agrostis hyemalis (Walter) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. (winter bentgrass); P; G; FACW; MRCMHA; OK-472 *Aira elegantissima Schur (annual silver hairgrass); A; G; FACW; DAOF; OK-469 Alopecurus carolinianus Walter (Carolina foxtail); A; G; FACW; HWV; OK-155 Andropogon gerardii Vitman (big bluestem); P; G; FACU; BHBCHA; OK-297 Andropogon glomeratus (bushy bluestem); P; G; FACW; HWV, SEEP; OK-001 Andropogon ternarius Michx. (splitbeard bluestem); P; G; FACU; DAOF; OK-561 Andropogon virginicus L. (broomsedge bluestem); P; G; FACU; BHBCHA; OKW-180 Aristida oligantha Michx. (prairie threeawn); A; G; none; DAOF; OK-346 Aristida purpurea Nutt. var. wrightii (Nash) Allred (Wright's threeawn); P; G; none; MRCMHA; OK-485 Arundinaria gigantea (Walter) Muhl. (giant cane); P; G; FACW; URCLFPFAFA; OK-313 *Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng (yellow bluestem); P; G; none; DAOF; OK-312 Bothriochloa laguroides (DC.) Herter (silver beardgrass); P; G; none; DAOF; OK-328 Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. (sideoats grama); P; G; none; BHBCHA; OK-492 Bouteloua dactyloides (Nutt.) Columbus (buffalo grass); P; G; FACU; BHBCHA; OK-133 Bouteloua hirsuta Lag. (hairy grama); P; G; none; BHBCHA; OK-299 Bouteloua rigidiseta (Steud.) Hitchc. (Texas grama); P; G; none; BHBCHA; OK-134 *Briza minor L. (little quakinggrass); A; G; FAC; MRCMHA; OK-209 *Bromus catharticus Vahl (resuce grass); A; G; none; DAOF; OK-188 Bromus pubescens Muhl. ex Willd. (hairy woodland brome); P; G; FACU; QMQSCCFA; OK-124 *Bromus racemosus L. (bald brome); A; G; none; DAOF; OK-353 *Bromus sterilis L. (poverty brome); A; G; none; BHBCHA; OKW-118 Cenchrus spinifex Cav. (coastal sandbur); P; G; none; BHBCHA; OKW-066 Oklahoma Native Plant Record 47 Volume 20, December 2020 Amy K. Buthod and Bruce Hoagland Chasmanthium latifolium (Michx.) H.O. Yates (Indian woodoats); P; G; FACU; URCLFPFAFA; OK-012 *Chloris verticillata Nutt.; windmill grass; P; G; none; DAOF; OK-144 Coleataenia anceps (Michx.) Soreng (beaked panicgrass); P; G; FAC; URCLFPFAFA; OK-024 Coleataenia longifolia (Torr.) Soreng ssp. rigidula (Bosc ex Nees) Soreng (redtop panicgrass); P; G; FACU; HWV, SEEP; OK-018 *Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (Bermudagrass); P; G; FACU; DAOF; OK-322 *Dactylis glomerata L.; orchardgrass; P; G; FACU; DAOF; OK-334 Diarrhena obovata (Gleason) Brandenburg (obovate beakgrain); P; G; FAC; URCLFPFAFA; OK-358 Dichanthelium aciculare (Desv. ex Poir.) Gould & C.A. Clark (needleleaf rosette grass); P; G; FACU; DAOF; OK-454 Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C. A. Glark var. lindheimeri (Nash) Gould & C.A. Clark (Lindheimer panicgrass); P; G; FAC; DAOF; OK-224 Dichanthelium laxiflorum (Lam.) Gould (openflower rosette grass); P; G; FAC; QMQSCCFA; OK-471 Dichanthelium linearifolium (Scribn.) Gould (slim-leaf rosette grass); P; G; none; QSQMCCWA; OKW-200 Dichanthelium malacophyllum (Nash) Gould (softleaf rosette grass); P; G; none; QMQSCCFA; OK-419 Dichanthelium oligosanthes (Schult.) Gould (Heller's rosette grass); P; G; FACU; DAOF; OK-081 Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon (Elliott) Gould (roundseed panicum); P; G; FACU; BHBCHA; OKW-149 Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Pers. (southern crabgrass); A; G; FACU; AMAFSA, DAOF; OK-078 Digitaria cognata (Schult.) Pilg. (Carolina crabgrass); P; G; none; BHBCHA; OKW-186 *Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. (barnyard grass); A; G; FAC; AMAFSA, HWV; OK-079 Echinochloa muricata (P. Beauv.) Fernald (rough barnyard grass); A; G; FACW; HWV; OK-047 *Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. (Indian goosegrass); A; G; FACU; DAOF; OK-295 Elymus virginicus L. (Virginia wildrye); P; G; FAC; DAOF; OK-101 *Eragrostis barrelieri Daveau (Mediterranean lovegrass); A; G; none; BHBCHA; OKW-065 *Eragrostis cilianensis (Bellardi) Vignolo ex Janch. (stinkgrass); A; G; FACU; DAOF; OK-359 Eragrostis curtipedicellata Buckley (gummy lovegrass); P; G; none; BHBCHA, DAOF; OK-234 Eragrostis hirsuta (Michx.) Nees (bigtop lovegrass); P; G; FACU; BHBCHA; OKW-195 *Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P. Beauv.; Indian lovegrass; A; G; FACU; BHBCHA, DAOF; OK-088 Erioneuron pilosum (Buckley) Nash (hairy woolygrass); P; G; none; MRCMHA; OK-487 Festuca subverticillata (Pers.) E.B. Alexeev (nodding fescue); P; G; FACU; QMQSCCFA; OK-356 Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchc. (fowl mannagrass); P; G; OBL; AMAFSA; OK-193 Hordeum pusillum Nutt. (little barley); A; G; FACU; DAOF; OK-159 Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw. (rice cutgrass); P; G; OBL; AMAFSA; OK-075 Leersia virginica Willd. (whitegrass); P; G; FACW; AMAFSA; OK-319 Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth ssp. fascicularis (Lam.) N. Snow (bearded sprangletop); A; G; FACW; HWV; OKW-007 Leptochloa panicea (Retz.) Ohwi ssp. mucronata (Michx.) Nowack (mucronate sprangletop); A; G; FACW; AMAFSA, HWV; OK-043 *Lolium perenne L. (perennial ryegrass); P; G; FACU; DAOF; OK-156 Mnesithea cylindrica (Michx.) de Koning & Sosef (cylinder jointtail grass); P; G; FAC; DAOF; OK-495 Muhlenbergia reverchonii Vasey & Scribn. (seep muhly); P; G; FAC; MRCMHA; OK-348 Muhlenbergia schreberi J.F. Gmel. (nimblewill); P; G; FACU; HWV; OKW-162 Muhlenbergia sobolifera (Muhl. ex Willd.) Trin.; rock muhly; P; G; none; QMQSCCFA; OK-082 Nassella leucotricha (Trin. & Rupr.) R.W. Pohl (Texas tussockgrass); P; G; none; BHBCHA, DAOF; OK-355 Panicum capillare L. (witchgrass); A; G; FAC; DAOF; OK-241 48 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 20, December 2020 Amy K. Buthod and Bruce Hoagland Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. (fall panicgrass); A; G; FAC; DAOF; OK-057 Panicum philadelphicum Bernh. ex Trin. (Philadelphia panicgrass); A; G; FAC; DAOF; OK-361 Panicum virgatum L. (switchgrass); P; FAC; G; BHBCHA, DAOF; OK-300 Paspalum dilatatum Poir. (dallis grass); P; G; FAC; DAOF; OKW-224 *Paspalum distichum Houtt. (knotgrass); P; G; FACW; DAOF; OK-092 Paspalum floridanum Michx. (Florida paspalum); P; G; FACW; DAOF; OK-058 Paspalum setaceum Michx. (slender paspalum); P; G; FAC; BHBCHA, DAOF; OK-500 *Poa annua L. (annual bluegrass); A; G; FACU; DAOF; OK-510 *Poa pratensis L. (Kentucky bluegrass); P; G; FACU; QMQSCCFA; OK-519 *Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort. (tall fescue); P; G; FACU; DAOF; OK-354 Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash (little bluestem); P; G; FACU; BHBCHA; OK-301 *Sclerochloa dura (L.) P. Beauv. (common hardgrass); A; G; none; DAOF; OKW-127 Setaria parviflora (Poir.) Kerguélen (marsh bristlegrass); P; G; FAC; DAOF; OK-360 *Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult.; yellow foxtail; A; G; FACU; DAOF; OK-342 Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash (Indiangrass); P; G; FACU; BHBCHA, DAOF; OK-027 Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. (prairie wedgescale); P; G; FAC; BHBCHA; OKW-054 Sporobolus compositus (Poir.) Merr. var. drummondii (Trin.) Kartesz & Gandhi (Drummond's dropseed); P; G; none; DAOF; OK-558 Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) A. Gray (sand dropseed); P; G; FACU; DAOF; OKW-230 Sporobolus vaginiflorus (Torr. ex A. Gray) Alph. Wood var. ozarkanus (Fernald) Shinners (Ozark dropseed); A; G; none; DAOF; OK-437 Steinchisma hians (Elliott) Nash (gaping grass); P; G; FACW; HWV; OK-029 Tridens flavus (L.) Hitchc. (purpletop tridens); P; G; UPL; BHBCHA, DAOF; OK-268 Tridens strictus (Nutt.) Nash (longspike tridens); P; G; UPL; DAOF; OK-026 Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L. (eastern gamagrass); P; G; FAC; DAOF; OKW-212 *Triticum aestivum L. (common wheat); A; G; none; DAOF; OK-511 Vulpia elliotea (Raf.) Fernald (squirreltail fescue); A; G; none; BHBCHA; OKW-062 *Zea mays L. (corn); A; G; none; DAOF; OKW-236 Polygalaceae Polygala incarnata L. (procession flower); A; F; FAC; BHBCHA; OK-112 Polygala verticillata L. (whorled milkwort); A; F; FACU; DAOF; OK-096 Polygonaceae Eriogonum longifolium Nutt. (longleaf buckwheat); P; F; none; BHBCHA; OKW-174 Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Á. Löve (black bindweed); A; F; FACU; QSQMCCWA; OKW-202 Persicaria hydropiperoides (Michx.) Small (swamp smartweed); A; F; OBL; HWV; OK-228 Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Gray (curlytop knotweed); A; F; OBL; HWV; OK-048 Persicaria pensylvanica (L.) M. Gómez (Pennsylvania smartweed); A; F; FACW; HWV; OKW-038 Persicaria punctata (Elliott) Small (dotted smartweed); A; F; none; HWV; OK-049 Persicaria virginiana (L.) Gaertn. (jumpseed); P; F; FAC; URCLFPFAFA; OKW-047 Polygonum ramosissimum Michx. (bushy knotweed); A; F; FACW; DAOF; OK-425 Rumex altissimus Alph. Wood (pale dock); P; F; FAC; HWV; OK-382 *Rumex crispus L. (curly dock); P; F; FAC; BHBCHA, HWV; OK-180 Rumex hastatulus Baldwin (heartwing sorrel); P; F; FAC; DAOF; OK-285 Oklahoma Native Plant Record 49 Volume 20, December 2020 Amy K. Buthod and Bruce Hoagland Pontederiaceae Heteranthera limosa (Sw.) Willd. (blue mudplantain); A; F; OBL; HWV; OKW-023 Portulacaceae Portulaca oleracea L. (little hogweed); A; F; FAC; HWV; OKW-045 Portulaca pilosa L. (kiss me quick); A; F; FACU; DAOF; OK-245 Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton foliosus Raf. (leafy pondweed); P; F; OBL; HWV; OK-385 Potamogeton nodosus Poir. (longleaf pondweed); P; F; OBL; HWV; OK-046 Zannichellia palustris L. (horned pondweed); P; F; OBL; HWV; OK-170 Primulaceae †Lysimachia quadriflora Sims (fourflower yellow loosestrife); P; F; FACW; SEEP; OK-089; S1G5? Primula meadia (L.) A.R. Mast & Reveal (pride of Ohio); P; F; FAC; BHBCHA; OKW-076 Samolus valerandi L. (seaside brookweed); P; F; none; HWV, SEEP; OK-064 Pteridaceae Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link (purple cliffbrake); P; F; none; URCLFPFAFA; OKW-025 Ranunculaceae Anemone berlandieri Pritz. (ten-petal windflower); P; F; none; MRCMHA; OK-544 Clematis pitcheri Torr. & A. Gray (bluebill); P; F; FACU; URCLFPFAFA; OKW-002 Delphinium carolinianum Walter ssp. virescens (Nutt.) R.E. Brooks (Carolina larkspur); P; F; none; DAOF; OK-179 Ranunculus abortivus L. (littleleaf buttercup); P; F; FAC; AMAFSA; OK-291 Ranunculus micranthus Nutt. (rock buttercup); P; F; FACU; HWV; OK-494 *Ranunculus sardous Crantz (hairy buttercup); A; F; FAC; HWV; OK-379 Ranunculus sceleratus L. (cursed buttercup); A; F; OBL; URCLFPFAFA; OKW-095 Rhamnaceae Berchemia scandens (Hill) K. Koch (Alabama supplejack); P; V; FAC; QMQSCCFA; OK-165 Rhamnus caroliniana Walter (Carolina buckthorn); P; T; FACU; QMQSCCFA; OK-126 Rosaceae Crataegus collina Chapm. (hillside hawthorn); P; T; none; QMQSCCFA; OK-509 Crataegus mollis (Torr. & A. Gray) Scheele (Arnold hawthorn); P; T; FAC; BHBCHA; OKW-107 Crataegus viridis L. (green hawthorn); P; T; FAC; QMQSCCFA; OK-402 Fragaria virginiana Duchesne ssp. grayana (Vilm. ex J. Gay) Staudt (Virginia strawberry); P; F; FACU; URCLFPFAFA; OKW-148 Geum canadense Jacq. (white avens); P; F; FAC; QMQSCCFA; OK-186 †Poteridium annuum (Nutt.) Spach (prairie burnet); A; F; none; BHBCHA, MRCMHA; OK-538; S1G4 Prunus angustifolia Marshall (Chickasaw plum); P; S; none; DAOF; OK-114 Prunus mexicana S. Watson (Mexican plum); P; T; none; URCLFPFAFA; OK-275 Rosa foliolosa Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray (white prairie rose); P; F; none; DAOF; OK-093 Rosa setigera Michx. (climbing rose); P; S; FACU; URCLFPFAFA, QMQSCCFA; OK-103 Rubus flagellaris Willd. (northern dewberry); P; S; UPL; BHBCHA, DAOF; OK-534 Rubus pensilvanicus Poir. (Oklahoma blackberry); P; S; FAC; BHBCHA; OK-106 50 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 20, December 2020 Amy K. Buthod and Bruce Hoagland Rubiaceae Cephalanthus occidentalis L. (common buttonbush); P; S; OBL; HWV, SEEP; OK-220 *Cruciata pedemontana (Bellardi) Ehrend. (piedmont bedstraw); A; F; none; DAOF; OK-189 Diodella teres (Walter) Small (poor joe); A; F; FACU; BHBCHA; OK-560 Galium aparine L. (catchweed bedstraw); A; F; FACU; DAOF; OK-195 Galium circaezans Michx. (licorice bedstraw); P; F; FACU; QMQSCCFA; OK-105 Galium obtusum Bigelow (bluntleaf bedstraw); P; F; FACW; SEEP; OK-203 Galium virgatum Nutt. (southwestern bedstraw); A; F; none; MRCMHA; OK-205 Houstonia pusilla Schoepf (tiny bluet); A; F; UPL; DAOF; OK-282 *Sherardia arvensis L. (blue fieldmadder); A; F; none; DAOF; OK-529 Stenaria nigricans (Lam.) Terrell var. nigricans (Lam.) Terrell (diamond-flowers); P; F; none; BHBCHA; OK-324 Rutaceae Ptelea trifoliata L. (common hoptree); P; T; FAC; BHBCHA; OKW-143 Zanthoxylum americanum Mill. (prickly ash); P; T; UPL; QMQSCCFA; OKW-155 Zanthoxylum clava-herculis L. (Hercules' club); P; T; FACU; QMQSCCFA; OK-349 Salicaceae Populus deltoides W. Bartram ex Marshall (cottonwood); P; T; FAC; URCLFPFAFA; OK-526 Salix nigra Marshall (black willow); P; T; FACW; HWV; OK-530 Santalaceae Phoradendron serotinum (Raf.) M.C. Johnst. ssp. tomentosum (DC.) Kuijt (Christmas mistletoe); P; F; none; URCLFPFAFA; OK-278 Sapindaceae Acer negundo L. (boxelder); P; T; FAC; URCLFPFAFA; OK-263 Sapindus saponaria L. var. drummondii (Hook. & Arn.) L.D. Benson (western soapberry); P; T; FACU; QMQSCCFA; OK-199 Sapotaceae Sideroxylon lanuginosum Michx. (gum bully); P; T; FACU; QMQSCCFA; OK-107 Scrophulariaceae *Verbascum thapsus L. (common mullein); B; F; UPL; DAOF; OK-113 Smilacaceae Smilax bona-nox L. (saw greenbrier); P; V; FACU; QMQSCCFA; OKW-058 Smilax rotundifolia L. (roundleaf greenbrier); P; V; FAC; QMQSCCFA; OK-198 Smilax tamnoides L. (bristly greenbrier); P; V; FAC; QMQSCCFA; OK-118 Solanaceae *Datura stramonium L. (jimsonweed); A; F; none; AMAFSA; OK-489 *Petunia axillaris (Lam.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. (large white petunia); A; F; none; DAOF; OKW-102 Physalis angulata L. (cutleaf groundcherry); A; F; FAC; URCLFPFAFA; OK-448 Physalis heterophylla Nees (clammy groundcherry); P; F; none; QMQSCCFA; OK-473 Oklahoma Native Plant Record 51 Volume 20, December 2020 Amy K. Buthod and Bruce Hoagland Physalis longifolia Nutt. var. longifolia (longleaf groundcherry); P; F; none; URCLFPFAFA; OK-041 Physalis longifolia Nutt. var. subglabrata (Mack. & Bush) Cronquist (longleaf groundcherry); P; F; none; URCLFPFAFA; OK-448 Physalis mollis Nutt. (field groundcherry); P; F; none; DAOF; OKW-015 Physalis pubescens L. (husk tomato); A; F; FACU; URCLFPFAFA; OK-040 Solanum carolinense L. (Carolina horsenettle); P; F; UPL; DAOF; OK-236 Solanum dimidiatum Raf. (western horsenettle); P; F; none; DAOF; OK-372 Solanum rostratum Dunal (buffalobur nightshade); A; F; none; DAOF; OK-318 Solanum ptychanthum Dunal (West Indian nightshade); A; F; FACU; URCLFPFAFA; OKW-021 Typhaceae Typha domingensis Pers. (southern cattail); P; F; OBL; HWV, SEEP; OK-090 Ulmaceae Ulmus alata Michx. (winged elm); P; T; FACU; QMQSCCFA; OK-488 Ulmus americana L. (American elm); P; T; FAC; QMQSCCFA; OKW-182 Ulmus rubra Muhl. (slippery elm); P; T; FACU; URCLFPFAFA; OK-333 Urticaceae Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw. (smallspike false nettle); P; F; FACW; HWV, SEEP; OK-034 Parietaria pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd. (Pennsylvania pellitory); A; F; FAC; URCLFPFAFA; OK-196 Pilea pumila (L.) A. Gray (Canadian clearweed); A; F; FAC; AMAFSA, URCLFPFAFA; OK-336 †Urtica chamaedryoides Pursh (slim stingingnettle); A; F; FACU; URCLFPFAFA; OKW-091; S3G4G5 Valerianaceae Valerianella amarella (Lindh. ex Engelm.) Krok (hairy cornsalad); A; F; FACU; BHBCHA; OKW-122 Valerianella radiata (L.) Dufr. (beaked cornsalad); A; F; FACW; BHBCHA; OKW-124 Verbenaceae Glandularia bipinnatifida (Nutt.) Nutt. (Dakota mock vervain); A; F; none; BHBCHA; OK-177 Glandularia pumila (Rydb.) Umber (pink mock vervain); A; F; none; BHBCHA; OKW-083 *Lantana camara L. (lantana); P; S; FACU; BHBCHA; OKW-041 Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene; lanceleaf fogfruit; P; F; FACW; HWV, SEEP; OK-071 Verbena bracteata Cav. ex Lag. & Rodr. (bigbract verbena); A; F; FACU; DAOF; OKW-011 Verbena halei Small (slender verbena); P; F; none; BHBCHA; OK-243 Verbena urticifolia L. (white vervain); P; F; FAC; URCLFPFAFA; OK-016 Violaceae Hybanthus verticillatus (Ortega) Baill. (babyslippers); P; F; none; MRCMHA; OK-476 Viola bicolor Pursh (Johnny jump-up); A; F; FAC; DAOF; OK-464 Viola sororia Willd. var. missouriensis (Greene) L.E. McKinney (Missouri violet); P; F; FACW; URCLFPFAFA; OK-266 Vitaceae Ampelopsis cordata Michx. (heartleaf peppervine); P; V; FAC; QMQSCCFA; OK-119 Cissus trifoliata (L.) L. (sorrelvine); P; V; FACU; URCLFPFAFA; OKW-028 Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. (Virginia creeper); P; V; FACU; QMQSCCFA; OK-117 52 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 20, December 2020 Amy K. Buthod and Bruce Hoagland Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Engelm. ex Millard (graybark grape); P; V; FAC; URCLFPFAFA; OK-527 Vitis vulpina L. (frost grape); P; V; FAC; URCLFPFAFA; OKW-166 Woodsiaceae Woodsia obtusa (Spreng.) Torr. (bluntlobe cliff fern); P; F; none; QMQSCCFA; OK-127