Apanaskevich_181-208.indd INTRODUCTION For those involved in their identification, the system- atics of the African Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) leachi group of ticks has been fraught with problems. Before the studies of Hoogstraal and Camicas prac- tically all ticks in the group were considered to belong to a single species, namely Haemaphysalis (Rhipi- sto ma) leachi (Audouin, 1826). However, a rede- scription of an Egyptian population of H. (R.) leachi by Hoogstraal (1958), and his designation of a neo- type, stimulated taxonomic studies of ticks belong- ing to this cluster of species. During the 1970s and 1980s Camicas and Hoogstraal and their co-work- ers elucidated taxonomic problems associated with this group and described or re-established a number 181 Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 74:181–208 (2007) Redescription of Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) elliptica (Koch, 1844), an old taxon of the Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) leachi group from East and southern Africa, and of Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) leachi (Audouin, 1826) (Ixodida, Ixodidae) D.A. APANASKEVICH1, I.G. HORAK2 and J-L. CAMICAS3 ABSTRACT APANASKEVICH, D.A., HORAK, I.G. & CAMICAS, J-L. 2007. Redescription of Haemaphysalis (Rhipi- stoma) elliptica (Koch, 1844), an old taxon of the Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) leachi group from East and southern Africa, and of Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) leachi (Audouin, 1826) (Ixodida, Ixodidae). Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 74:181–208 Koch (1844) originally described only the male of Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) elliptica (Koch, 1844), which he named Rhipistoma ellipticum. For the past century, however, this name has been consid- ered a junior synonym of Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) leachi (Audouin, 1826), or a nomen nudum. We redescribe here the male and larva of H. (R.) elliptica and describe the female and nymph for the first time. Our redescription is based on the male holotype, plus numerous specimens from southern and East Africa. The adults of this tick parasitize domestic and wild carnivores, and the immature stages infest rodents in these regions. For comparative purposes redescriptions of all parasitic stages of H. (R.) leachi are provided. It parasitizes the same hosts as H. (R.) elliptica in Egypt, and in north- eastern, Central, West and East Africa. Keywords: Descriptions, geographic distribution, Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) elliptica, Haema phy- salis (Rhipistoma) leachi, hosts 1 United States National Tick Collection, Institute of Arthro podol- ogy and Parasitology, Georgia Southern University, States- boro, Georgia 30460-8056, United States of America Previously Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Fac- ulty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderste- poort, 0110 South Africa E-mail: dapanaskevich@georgiasouthern.edu 2 Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Vet- erinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110 South Africa; Division of Parasitology, Onderstepoort Vet er- inary Institute, Onderstepoort, 0110 South Africa; and Dep art- ment of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300 South Africa 3 Laboratory of Medical Acarology, Centre IRD, Montpellier, France Accepted for publication 7 March 2007—Editor 182 Redescription of Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) elliptica (Koch, 1844) of species. Hoogstraal & Kim (1985) consolidated the accumulated data on Haemaphysalis Koch, 1844 and on the subgenus Rhipistoma Koch, 1844 as well as on the H. (R.) leachi group. They placed these ticks in three subgroups, namely H. (R.) leachi, Haem a physalis (Rhipistoma) pedetes and Haema- physalis (Rhipistoma) spinulosa. Camicas, Hervy, Adam & Morel (1998) concurred with this decision and updated the species composition of the three subgroups. The H. (R.) leachi subgroup now con- sisted of five species, namely H. (R.) elliptica (Koch, 1844), H. (R.) leachi (Audouin, 1826), Haema phy sa- lis (Rhipistoma) moreli Camicas, Hoogstraal & El Kam mah, 1972, Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) para- leachi Camicas, Hoogstraal & El Kammah, 1983, and Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) puncta leachi Cami cas, Hoogstraal & El Kammah, 1973. The H. (R.) pedetes subgroup contained two species, viz. H. (R.) pedetes Hoogstraal, 1972 and Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) zumpti Hoogstraal & El Kammah, 1974, while the H. (R.) spinulosa subgroup incorpo- rated four species, namely Haema physalis (Rhipi- stoma) muhsamae Santos Dias, 1954, Haema phy- sa lis (Rhipistoma) norvali Hoog straal & Wassef, 1983, H. (R.) spinulosa Neumann, 1906 and Haema- physalis (Rhipistoma) subterra Hoog straal, El Kam- mah & Camicas, 1992. There are only two synonyms for species within the H. (R.) leachi group, and these are Haemaphysalis leachi var. humerosoides Theiler, 1943, that has been syn onymized with H. (R.) leachi, and Haema- physalis ethiopica Santos Dias, 1958, that has been synony mized with H. (R.) spinulosa. Camicas et al. (1998), in their review of the ticks of the world, cre- ated two problems within the taxonomy of the H. (R.) leachi group by re-establishing two names, namely H. (R.) elliptica and H. (R.) muhsamae. The present paper addresses the taxonomic status of H. (R.) elliptica, while that of H. (R.) muhsamae, which for several decades has been considered a junior synonym of H. (R.) spinulosa, will be tackled in a future communication. Koch (1844) originally described Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) elliptica (Koch, 1844) as Rhipistoma ellipticum. Neumann (1897) placed this species in the genus Haemaphysalis Koch, 1844 and synony- mized it with H. (R.) leachi (Audouin, 1826). There- after the majority of tick taxonomists considered H. (R.) elliptica to be a junior synonym of H. (R.) leachi, or a nomen nudum (Nuttall & Warburton 1915; Cami- cas et al. 1972). Little more than a century later Camicas et al. (1998) re-established this taxon, but gave no reasons for their decision, thus begging the question, is H. (R.) elliptica a valid taxon or not? After an exhaustive study of many collections of Haemaphysalis that had been identified as H. (R.) leachi, and a comparison of these ticks with true H. (R.) leachi from North Africa and with the holotype specimen of H. (R.) elliptica, we concluded that many of the southern and East African ticks previ- ously identified as H. (R.) leachi are actually H. (R.) elliptica. Furthermore, these studies enabled us to delimit the geographic distributions of both ticks. We here redescribe the male [the first description is given by Koch (1844), under the name Rhipistoma ellipticum], and the larva [the first description is giv- en by Bedford (1934), under the name Haemaphysalis leachi], and describe the female and nymph of H. (R.) elliptica for the first time. For comparative pur- poses we have also redescribed all stages of devel- opment of H. (R.) leachi. MATERIAL EXAMINED The material examined is summarized in Tables 1, 2 and 3. Specimens from South Africa and Mozam- bique were studied by IGH, or by IGH and DAA, and the remainder were examined by DAA. Because of difficulties experienced in the identification of speci- mens we used the following material for the present study: (i) All primary identifications have been based on males. (ii) With the exception of collections from Egypt and South Africa, collections containing only females have been excluded. (iii) Females in collections containing males of two or more species have been excluded. (iv) The immature stages that we have studied come only from laboratory-reared specimens from allopatric localities within the distribution ranges of the two ticks, namely South Africa for H. (R.) elliptica, and Egypt and the Central Afri- can Republic for H. (R.) leachi. The records of JLC have not been included because they need to be rechecked in relation to the new characters that we have found. The descriptions of the adults of various Haema phy- salis species by Hoogstraal and his co-authors are characterized by the use of proportions between measurements of particular structures, mainly those of the gnathosoma. However, we could not find any exact description of the scheme of measurements taken by Hoogstraal and his co-workers, who gave only brief explanations in the texts. The exact fea- tures or structures between which some of the meas- 183 D.A. APANASKEVICH, I.G. HORAK & J-L. CAMICAS urements were made are for the most part quite easily recognizable, but for several they are not. Con sequently, we have taken those measurements that we consider are the most suitable for describ- ing the species. Except for the measurements for which an explanation is given in the text, a scheme of the measurements that we have taken is illus- trated in Fig. 1. Because the larva and nymph have sometimes been inadequately described or not described at all, our set of measurements for them does not differ substantially from that used for these stages of de- velopment of previously described species. For the adults we tried to follow Hoogstraal’s format so that our measurements would at least approximate those that had been used before. Measurements for the male conscutum and female scutum and their total lengths are given in millime- tres (mm), and those for the immature stages in mi- crometres (μm). The measurements are arranged as follows: minimum – maximum (average ± stand- ard deviation, n = number of specimens measured). When measuring the dorsal and ventral spurs on palpal segments II and III, it must be noted that they are not in the same plane as the gnathosoma as they are directed either dorsally or ventrally. Con- FIG. 1 Scheme of measurements for Haemaphysalis. A, nymph, gnathosoma dorsally: a-e—combined palpal width, b-d – width of basis capituli, c-e – width of palp; B, nymph, gnathosoma ventrally: a-b – length of hypostome, a-c – length of gnathosoma, d-e – width of hypostome, f-g – length of palp; C, nymph, scutum: a-b – width, c-d – length; D, male, gnathosoma dorsally: a- d – width of palpal segment II, a-g – combined palpal width, b-e – width of palpal segment III, c-f – width of basis capituli, h-j – length of palpal segment III, i-k – length of palpal segment II, k-m – length of basis capituli, l-m – length of dorsal cornua; E, nymph, leg I: a-b – length of genu, c-d – width of genu A a b c d e a b c d e a b c d f a b c d g f g h i e j k l m B C D E a b c d 184 Redescription of Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) elliptica (Koch, 1844) sequently, the shape and the length of these spurs vary according to the plane along which they are observed. DAA’s illustrations of the gnathosoma of the larvae and nymphs are based on slide-mounted specimens, but because of the differences in planes even in these preparations, the spurs on the palpal segments are in reality longer than illustrated. This observation has been verified by scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, in order to simplify identi- fication for persons who may in future examine these species we have attempted to use a minimum of poorly defined diagnostic characters. Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) elliptica (Koch, 1844) THE SOUTH AFRICAN CARNIVORE HAEMAPHYSALID (Fig. 2–7) Synonym Haemaphysalis leachi humerosoides Theiler, 1943 sensu Theiler, 1943. The collection lot (no. 2754), identified as Haema- physalis leachi var. humerosoides by G. Theiler, contains nine vials. In the catalogue listing the spec- imens in the Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute tick collection the first vial (i) is marked as “Type”: i (13 ♂, 17 ♀) – Bilene, Macia [Mozambique], 25.V.1940, PEAf Collection, XIII, Banino. According to its label, the second vial may also contain specimens of the original type series: ii (10 ♂, 15 ♀) – Angonia, Mas- soane [Mozambique], 12.VII.1940, PEAf Collection, XXV, Banino. DAA and IGH have identified all the specimens in these vials as H. (R.) elliptica. The other vials contain various ticks of the H. leachi group as well as Rhipicephalus Koch, 1844 collect- ed from localities in Africa at a later stage. Holotype Male, Cape of Good Hope (Western Cape Province, South Africa), deposited in the Natural History Mu- seum of Berlin, Berlin, Germany; collection no. ZMB 1099. This specimen has been examined by all of us and studied by DAA and JLC. DESCRIPTION AND REDESCRIPTION Male (Fig. 2A–C, 3A–F) Length from palpal apices to posterior margin of conscutum 2.41–3.54 (3.00 ± 0.19, n = 323); breadth of conscutum (at widest point) 1.19–1.75 (1.47 ± 0.10, n = 322); ratio 1.78–2.32 (2.05 ± 0.10, n = 319). Colour reddish brown. Conscutum (Fig. 2A–C): ca 1.9 times as long as broad; margins slightly convex, broadest at level of FIG. 2 Haemaphysalis elliptica, male, A, conscutum. Bar = 1 mm; B, C, left posterior half of conscutum . Bar = 1 mm. All setation is omitted A B C 185 D.A. APANASKEVICH, I.G. HORAK & J-L. CAMICAS spiracular plates, smoothly rounded posteriorly. Cer- v ical pits narrow, deep, converging. Cervical grooves indistinct, short, shallow, diverging. Lateral grooves deep, distinct, extend to anterior 1/4 of scutal length; enclose first or first and second festoons. Punctations dense, medium-sized, discrete, relatively deep. Fes- toons number 11. Genital structures (Fig. 3A): as il- lustrated. Spiracular plates (Fig. 3B): variable in FIG. 3 Haemaphysalis elliptica, male, A, genital structures: apron and postgenital sclerite. Bar = 200 μm; B, spiracular plate (a – an- terior; d – dorsal). Bar = 200 μm; C, gnathosoma dorsally. Bar = 200 μm; D, gnathosoma ventrally. Bar = 200 μm; E, hypos- tome. Bar = 100 μm; F, coxae. Bar = 500 μm. All setation is omitted F D C E A B a d 186 Redescription of Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) elliptica (Koch, 1844) size, usually slightly broader than long; suboval; dor- sal projection triangular. Capitulum (Fig. 3C, D): Basis capituli dorsally ca. 1.7 times as broad as long; lateral margins diverg- ing anteriorly; cornua elongately triangular, apices rounded, ca. 1/3 as long as length of basis capituli; ventrally as illustrated. Palps broadly salient (leachi type); combined breadth ca. 1.9 times breadth of basis capituli. Segment II ca. 1.7 times as broad as long; dorsomedian margin of segment II gradually widening anteriorly at level of its mid-length; postero- dorsal spur large, triangular; posteroventral spur large, triangular, with straight lateral margin. Seg- ment III ca. 1.6 times as broad as long; ca. 1/2 the length of segment II; ventral spur of segment III nar- rowly elongate, U-shaped apex at level of anterior 1/4 of length of segment II. Hypostome (Fig. 3E): slightly shorter than palps; dental formula 4/4; den- ticles in subequal-length files of 6 or 7. Coxae (Fig. 3F): I to IV each with a short, subtrian- gular, more or less bluntly pointed spur, extending somewhat beyond coxal margin; spur of coxae IV usually subequal to that of coxae III. Female (Fig. 4, 5A–F) Length from palpal apices to posterior margin of scutum 1.42–1.92 (1.73 ± 0.10, n = 131); breadth of scutum (at widest point) 0.82–1.14 (1.02 ± 0.06, n = 133); ratio 1.50–1.86 (1.70 ± 0.07, n = 131). Scutum (Fig. 4): ca. 1.3 times as long as broad; anterior margins diverging for anterior 1/5 of total length, subparallel 1/5 of the length, thence gradu- ally converging, bluntly rounded posteriorly; slight postero-lateral angles. Cervical grooves narrow arcs extending 2/3 of total scutal length. Punctations moderately dense, denser on lateral fields, absent in cervical grooves; medium-sized, discrete, relative ly deep. Posterior lip of genital aperture (Fig. 5A): broadly U-shaped. Spiracular plates (Fig. 5B): vary- ing in size; irregularly suboval or subcircular; dorsal projection short, broadly triangular. Capitulum (Fig. 5C, D): Basis capituli dorsally ca. 2.4 times as broad as long; external margins diverg- ing anteriorly; cornua short, broadly triangular, blunt- ly pointed, ca. 1/6 as long as the length of the of basis capituli; porose areas elongate-oval, tilted in- wards, moderate size, widely spaced. Basis capituli ventrally as illustrated. Palps broadly salient (leachi type); combined breadth ca. 1.6 times breadth of basis capituli. Segment II ca. 1.4 times as broad as long; dorsomedian margin of segment II gradually widening anteriorly at level of its midlength; postero- dorsal spur large, triangular; posterolateral margin straight; posteroventral spur reduced to short round- ed projection or curve. Segment III ca. 1.2 times as broad as long; ca. 0.7 times as long as segment II; ventral spur of segment III narrowly U-shaped, elon- gate, apex at level of anterior 1/3 of length of seg- ment II. Hypostome (Fig. 5E): nearly as long as palps; dental formula 4/4; denticles usually in files of 9 or 10. Coxae (Fig. 5F): I to IV each with a short, subtrian- gular, more or less bluntly pointed spur, extending somewhat beyond coxal margin; spur on coxae IV subequal to that of coxae III. Nymph (Fig. 6A–E) Length (unengorged) from palpal apices to posterior body margin 1 366–1 683 (1 543 ± 77.93, n = 32); breadth of idiosoma (at widest point) 756–988 (896 ± 62.33, n = 32); ratio 1.60–1.85 (1.73 ± 0.06, n = 32). Scutum (Fig. 6A): length 431–510 (472 ± 20.95, n = 32), breadth 421–549 (427 ± 27.71, n = 32), ratio 0.92–1.08 (1.00 ± 0.04, n = 32); irregularly circular. Spiracular plates (Fig. 6B): suboval. FIG. 4 Haemaphysalis elliptica, female, scutum. Bar = 1 mm. All setation is omitted 187 D.A. APANASKEVICH, I.G. HORAK & J-L. CAMICAS Capitulum (Fig. 6C, D): length 240–284 (265 ± 11.91, n = 32), breadth (palps combined) 336–402 (371 ± 16.97, n = 32), ratio 0.69–0.79 (0.71 ± 0.004, n = 32). Basis capituli dorsally subrectangular; cornua slight bulges; ventrally as illustrated. Palps: length 167–198 (182 ± 8.69, n = 32), breadth 147–181 FIG. 5 Haemaphysalis elliptica, female, A, genital structures: posterior lip of the genital aperture and vestibular part of vagina. Bar = 200 μm; B, spiracular plate (a – anterior; d – dorsal). Bar = 200 μm; C, gnathosoma dorsally. Bar = 200 μm; D, gnathosoma ventrally. Bar = 200 μm; E, hypostome. Bar = 100 μm; F, coxae. Bar = 500 μm. All setation is omitted F D C E A B a d 188 Redescription of Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) elliptica (Koch, 1844) FIG. 6 Haemaphysalis elliptica, nymph, A, scutum. Bar = 200 μm; B, spiracular plate (a – anterior; d – dorsal). Bar = 50 μm; C, gna- thosoma dorsally. Bar = 200 μm; D, gnathosoma ventrally. Bar = 200 μm; E, coxae. Bar = 200 μm. Setation of palpal seg- ment IV is omitted AB C D E a d 189 D.A. APANASKEVICH, I.G. HORAK & J-L. CAMICAS (160 ± 7.77, n = 32), ratio 1.08–1.21 (1.14 ± 0.03, n = 32); broadly salient; anterolateral margin slightly concave. Dorsomedian margin of segment II gradu- ally widening anteriorly at level of its midlength; dor- sal spur moderate; ventral spur large, broad; lateral margin of spur slightly concave. Ventral spur of seg- ment III distinct, broadly triangular, with sharp apex. Hypostome (Fig. 6D): length 97–116 (107 ± 5.47, n = 32), breadth 40–48 (45 ± 2.05, n = 32), ratio 2.20– 2.67 (2.39 ± 0.10, n = 32); nearly as long as palps; dental formula 2/2; denticles in files of 7 to 9 (usu- ally 8). FIG. 7 Haemaphysalis elliptica, larva, A, scutum. Bar = 200 μm; B, gnathosoma dorsally. Bar = 100 μm; C, gnathosoma ventrally. Bar = 100 μm; D, coxae. Bar = 100 μm. Setation of palpal segment IV is omitted A B C D 199 D.A. APANASKEVICH, I.G. HORAK & J-L. CAMICAS N o . o f ti c k s H o s t L o c a li ty D a te o f c o ll e c ti o n C o ll e c to r C o ll e c ti o n n o .* ♂ ♀ I. G . H o ra k c o ll e c ti o n ( S o u th A fr ic a & M o za m b iq u e ) (c o n t. ) 2 4 2 6 3 7 2 0 C a n is f a m ili a ri s G ra h a m st o w n 3 3 1 9 S , 2 6 3 2 E ( H o ra k e t a l. 1 9 8 7 ) A u g 1 9 8 3 t o J u l 1 9 8 6 O w n e rs 8 7 2 6 9 C a n is f a m ili a ri s B o sc h ko p , N o rt h W e st P ro vi n ce O ct 1 9 9 9 t o M a y 2 0 0 0 Z . v. d . M e rw e 6 9 C a n is f a m ili a ri s L u a la , 1 7 4 4 S , 3 6 1 5 E , Z a m b e zi a P ro v. M o za m b iq u e (N e ve s e t a l. 2 0 0 4 ) G . B e st e r 2 2 C a n is f a m ili a ri s X a i- X a i, 2 5 0 6 S , 3 3 3 4 E G a za P ro v. M o za m b iq u e (N e ve s e t a l. 2 0 0 4 ) G . B e st e r 7 0 6 5 D o m e st ic c a ts V e t. c lin ic S te lle n b o sc h 3 3 5 5 S , 1 8 5 0 E ( H o ra k & M a tt h e e 2 0 0 3 ) O ct 2 0 0 0 t o D e c 2 0 0 2 A ss is ta n t C a ts 6 0 4 6 6 3 D o m e st ic c a t P re to ri a S e p 2 0 0 3 t o M a y 2 0 0 6 N . D o n ki n C a ts 3 1 C a n is m e so m e la s (1 ) K N P ( H o ra k e t a l. 2 0 0 0 ) I. G . H o ra k 4 5 C a n is m e so m e la s (1 ) V e ke e rd e vl e i, F re e S ta te ( H o ra k e t a l. 2 0 0 0 ) 1 5 9 3 4 A ci n o n yx ju b a tu s (3 ) K N P ( H o ra k e t a l. 2 0 0 0 ) I. G . H o ra k 2 1 9 8 8 3 1 P a n th e ra le o ( 1 9 ) K N P ( H o ra k e t a l. 2 0 0 0 ) I. G . H o ra k 6 3 2 6 P a n th e ra p a rd u s (3 ) K N P ( H o ra k e t a l. 2 0 0 0 ) I. G . H o ra k 1 6 P a n th e ra p a rd u s (1 ) R o o d e p la a t D a m , G a u te n g ( H o ra k e t a l. 2 0 0 0 ) 8 5 2 3 C iv e tt ic tis c iv e tt a ( 4 ) K N P ( H o ra k e t a l. 2 0 0 0 ) I. G . H o ra k 8 7 P a ra h ya e n a b ru n n e a ( 1 ) B o n A cc o rd , G a u te n g ( H o ra k e t a l. 2 0 0 0 ) I. G . H o ra k * A ll th e c o lle ct io n n u m b e rs a re t h o se o f sp e ci m e n s in t h e U n ite d S ta te s N a tio n a l T ic k C o lle ct io n + R e a re d s p e ci m e n s T A B L E 1 (c o n t. ) 200 Redescription of Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) elliptica (Koch, 1844) T A B L E 2 H a e m a p h ys a lis ( R h ip is to m a ) le a ch i ( A u d o u in , 1 8 2 6 ), m a te ri a l e xa m in e d N o . o f ti c k s H o s t L o c a li ty D a te o f c o ll e c ti o n C o ll e c to r C o ll e c ti o n n o .* ♂ ♀ C a m e ro o n 1 D o m e st ic d o g 2 6 D e c 1 9 4 9 0 9 4 7 1 6 C e n tr a l A fr ic a n R e p u b li c 4 4 P a n th e ra le o B a m in g u i B a n g o ra n , B a m in g u i, G a za o J. T h a l 0 9 6 9 8 8 2 3 D o m e st ic d o g L a T o p ia 1 2 A u g 1 9 6 9 G . U ile n b e rg 0 9 6 9 9 1 3 1 8 D o m e st ic d o g N a n a N a m b e re , B o u a r 2 3 J u l 1 9 6 9 M . G ir e t 0 9 6 9 8 2 6 1 6 D o m e st ic d o g N a n a N a m b e re , B o u a r 2 4 J u l 1 9 6 9 M . G ir e t 0 9 6 9 7 7 2 2 3 1 D o m e st ic d o g N a n a N a m b e re , B o u a r L a te A u g 1 9 6 9 M . G ir e t 0 9 6 9 9 0 1 2 4 6 D o m e st ic d o g N a n a N a m b e re , B o u a r A u g 1 9 6 9 M . G ir e t 0 9 6 9 9 6 1 6 5 1 D o m e st ic d o g N a n a N a m b e re , B o u a r A u g 1 9 6 9 M . G ir e t 0 9 6 9 8 7 1 2 D o m e st ic c a t N a n a N a m b e re , B o u a r 2 7 J u l 1 9 6 9 M . G ir e t 0 9 6 9 9 5 3 2 D o m e st ic c a t N a n a N a m b e re , B o u a r A u g 1 9 6 9 M . G ir e t 0 9 6 9 8 5 2 4 D o m e st ic c a t N a n a N a m b e re , B o u a r 0 7 J a n 1 9 7 0 R . L a co tt e 0 9 6 9 8 4 8 4 D o m e st ic c a t N a n a N a m b e re , B o u a r 1 1 J a n 1 9 7 0 R . L a co tt e 0 9 6 9 8 6 1 5 D o m e st ic c a t N a n a N a m b e re , B o u a r 1 8 J a n 1 9 7 0 G . U ile n b e rg 0 9 6 9 9 3 1 3 5 C iv e tt ic tis c iv e tt a 1 4 A p r 1 9 7 1 J. T h a l 0 9 7 1 4 9 2 8 7 P a n th e ra le o 2 6 F e b 1 9 7 1 J. T h a l 0 9 7 1 5 0 D e m o c ra ti c R e p u b li c o f C o n g o 1 1 P a n th e ra le o B o d io 1 5 D e c 1 9 5 0 0 8 6 2 6 4 6 1 G e n e tt a m a cu la ta G a ra m b a P a rk 1 6 S e p 1 9 5 1 H . d e S a e g e r 0 3 6 7 1 1 2 P a n th e ra p a rd u s K a sa i, L u lu a b u rg 1 9 2 5 C . W a e rt 0 4 6 7 1 7 1 K a ta n g a ( N ), M u h ilo 1 9 6 6 J. B a fo rt 1 2 3 7 7 1 1 3 C ro cu ta c ro cu ta 1 2 A p r 1 9 5 1 P . S ch o e m a ke r 0 3 7 4 6 1 1 9 2 L e p ta ilu ru s se rv a l 1 7 A u g 1 9 5 1 J. V . 0 3 7 4 5 4 8 3 L e p ta ilu ru s se rv a l 2 9 S e p 1 9 5 1 H . d e S a e g e r 0 3 7 4 5 2 E g y p t 1 F e lis c h a u s A le xa n d ri a , A m ir iy a r o a d 2 9 J a n 1 9 6 5 I. H e lm y, D . O sb o rn 0 7 8 7 8 9 5 F e lis c h a u s A le xa n d ri a , 1 4 k m S W o f A le xa n d ri a 0 9 N o v 1 9 6 5 I. H e lm y, D . O sb o rn 0 7 8 7 9 1 3 5 6 V u lp e s vu lp e s B e n i S u e f, B e n i S u e f, A l H a ka m n a h 2 0 J a n 1 9 8 2 L o ca l h u n te r 1 2 3 7 6 9 2 3 A rv ic a n th is n ilo tic u s n e st D a q a h liy a , A g a , M in sh a t E l I kh w a 1 2 N o v 1 9 5 3 H . H o o g st ra a l 0 7 8 7 3 2 4 V u lp e s vu lp e s D a q a h liy a , V ill a g e o f T a n b o u l ( 5 m ile s W o f S im b ill a w e in ) 2 4 F e b 1 9 4 7 0 2 5 4 8 0 201 D.A. APANASKEVICH, I.G. HORAK & J-L. CAMICAS N o . o f ti c k s H o s t L o c a li ty D a te o f c o ll e c ti o n C o ll e c to r C o ll e c ti o n n o .* ♂ ♀ E g y p t (c o n t. ) 1 F e lis s ilv e st ri s (= ly b ic a ) E l W a d i E l G e d e e d , D a kh la O a si s, M u t 2 6 A p r 1 9 7 4 I. H e lm y, S . T a w fik 0 9 4 3 6 6 1 9 C a n is a u re u s F a iy u m , F a iy u m 1 5 A u g 1 9 5 6 H . H o o g st ra a l 0 7 8 7 6 0 1 C a n is a u re u s F a iy u m , F a iy u m ( n e a r) 0 2 F e b 1 9 5 5 H . H o o g st ra a l 0 7 8 7 5 6 4 V u lp e s vu lp e s F a iy u m , Ib sh a w a i, A b u D in q a sh 0 9 F e b 1 9 8 3 L o ca l h u n te r 1 2 3 7 6 8 1 2 3 V u lp e s vu lp e s F a iy u m , Ib sh a w a i, E l N a zl a 0 9 F e b 1 9 8 3 L o ca l h u n te r 1 2 3 7 7 3 2 4 C a n is a u re u s F a iy u m , Ib sh a w a i, Q a sr E l G ib a li 0 9 F e b 1 9 8 3 L o ca l h u n te r 1 2 1 7 5 6 1 V u lp e s vu lp e s F a iy u m , K o m O sh im 0 6 F e b 1 9 4 8 H . H o o g st ra a l 0 7 8 7 5 9 1 F e lis c h a u s F a iy u m , K o m O sh im ( 1 m ile N o rt h o f) 2 8 D e c 1 9 5 3 H . H o o g st ra a l 0 7 8 7 6 1 1 1 F e lis c h a u s F a iy u m , T a m iy a , F a n u s 1 2 A p r 1 9 5 4 H . H o o g st ra a l 0 7 8 7 6 3 5 F e lis c h a u s F a iy u m , T a m iy a , F a n u s 1 2 A p r 1 9 5 4 H . H o o g st ra a l 0 7 8 7 6 4 5 4 F e lis c h a u s F a iy u m , T a m iy a , F a n u s 1 2 A p r 1 9 5 4 H . H o o g st ra a l 0 3 4 5 8 3 1 G iz a , A iy a t, K a fr A m m a r H . H o o g st ra a l 0 7 8 7 5 5 2 2 A rv ic a n th is n ilo tic u s n e st G iz a , Im b a b a , B e n i M a g d u l 1 4 J u n 1 9 5 3 H . H o o g st ra a l 0 7 8 7 3 7 6 F e lis c h a u s G iz a , Im b a b a , E l B a ra g il 0 4 N o v 1 9 5 8 H . H o o g st ra a l 0 7 8 7 8 4 1 2 V u lp e s vu lp e s G iz a , Im b a b a , G iz za ya 3 0 A p r 1 9 5 4 H . H o o g st ra a l 0 7 8 7 8 5 5 5 A rv ic a n th is n ilo tic u s n e st G iz a , Im b a b a , K ir d a sa 1 4 F e b 1 9 5 7 H . H o o g st ra a l 0 7 8 7 3 0 3 3 A rv ic a n th is n ilo tic u s n e st G iz a , Im b a b a , K ir d a sa 1 4 J u n 1 9 5 3 H . H o o g st ra a l 0 7 8 7 3 8 9 + 1 1 + A rv ic a n th is n ilo tic u s n e st G iz a , Im b a b a , K ir d a sa 2 8 – 2 9 J u n 1 9 5 3 H . H o o g st ra a l 0 7 8 7 3 6 1 A rv ic a n th is n ilo tic u s n e st G iz a , Im b a b a , K ir d a sa 1 5 J u l 1 9 5 3 H . H o o g st ra a l 0 7 8 7 4 1 1 + 2 + A rv ic a n th is n ilo tic u s n e st G iz a , Im b a b a , K ir d a sa 1 4 J u n 1 9 5 3 H . H o o g st ra a l 0 5 6 7 5 7 1 A rv ic a n th is n ilo tic u s n e st G iz a , Im b a b a , K ir d a sa 0 3 J a n 1 9 5 5 H . H o o g st ra a l 0 7 8 7 3 1 1 V u lp e s vu lp e s G iz a , Im b a b a , T a n a sh 1 4 J a n 1 9 6 0 H . H o o g st ra a l 0 7 8 7 6 5 2 A rv ic a n th is n ilo tic u s b u rr o w M in iy a , M a g h a g h a , M a g h a g h a 1 2 M a r 1 9 5 2 H . H o o g st ra a l 0 7 8 7 4 4 1 V u lp e s vu lp e s M in iy a , M a g h a g h a , S a ft 0 1 J a n 1 9 7 9 L o ca l h u n te r 1 2 3 7 7 2 1 C a n is a u re u s M in iy a , M in ya 1 1 J a n 1 9 8 1 L o ca l h u n te r 1 2 3 7 6 7 1 3 7 F e lis c h a u s Q a ly u b iy a , E l A m a r E l K u b ra 1 5 J a n 1 9 5 4 H . H o o g st ra a l 0 7 8 7 5 7 4 2 C a n is a u re u s Q a ly u b iy a , Q a ly u b iy a , S a n a tir , E zb e t Ih sa n 0 3 F e b 1 9 6 6 I. H e lm y, D . O sb o rn 0 7 8 7 9 0 4 F e lis c h a u s Q e n a , Is n a , W a d i N a ss im 0 7 A p r 1 9 5 3 H . H o o g st ra a l 0 7 8 7 6 2 E th io p ia 1 V e g e ta tio n G a m o -G o fa , A rb a M in e h 1 4 J a n 1 9 6 6 H . H o o g st ra a l 0 9 2 7 3 5 5 1 C o lo b u s p o ly ko m o s H a re r, H ir n a v a lle y, D ir e D a w a C o lle g e ( 8 0 k m W o f) 2 1 S e p 1 9 6 2 B . G la ss 0 9 2 7 3 0 1 C a n is m e so m e la s H a re r, R d . b e tw e e n D a ca ta a n d E re r R iv e rs B . G la ss 0 9 2 7 3 2 T A B L E 2 (c o n t. ) 202 Redescription of Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) elliptica (Koch, 1844) N o . o f ti c k s H o s t L o c a li ty D a te o f c o ll e c ti o n C o ll e c to r C o ll e c ti o n n o .* ♂ ♀ E th io p ia ( c o n t. ) 9 1 Ic h n e u m ia a lb ic a u d a H a re r, R d . b e tw e e n D a ca ta a n d E re r R iv e rs 0 4 J u l 1 9 6 2 B . G la ss 0 9 2 7 3 1 1 2 D o m e st ic c a t Ilu b a b o r, G a m b e lla J. S . A sh 0 9 2 7 4 1 1 H u m a n Ilu b a b o r, G a m b e lla 3 0 J u l 1 9 7 2 J. S . A sh 0 9 2 7 4 2 1 7 1 0 C iv e tt ic tis c iv e tt a K e fa , M e za n T e fa ri 1 0 M a r 1 9 8 0 H .K . L a ll 1 2 3 7 6 0 7 3 V u lp e s sp . K e fa , S o ko ru /D e ke A u g 1 9 7 9 H .K . L a ll 1 2 3 7 7 0 1 9 H ya e n a h ya e n a R o ck V a lle y B . G la ss 0 9 2 7 3 3 1 3 D o m e st ic d o g S h a sh a m a n i 2 5 J u n 1 9 6 1 L .W . T e lle r 0 9 2 7 2 6 1 H u m a n S h o a , A d d is A b a b a 1 1 M a r 1 9 7 0 J. S . A sh 0 9 2 7 4 3 1 “B la ck -t a ile d m o n g o o se ” S h o a , K o ka 2 5 F e b 1 9 7 3 R . T ra u b , J. S . A sh 0 9 2 7 4 7 2 2 1 1 L e p ta ilu ru s se rv a l S h o a , L a ke L a n g o n o R d ( 1 0 m ile s N o f) 2 8 D e c 1 9 7 4 L . S h o ld t 0 9 2 7 4 6 K e n y a 1 6 2 C iv e tt ic tis c iv e tt a C e n tr a l, M u ra n g a , M itu b ir i 0 8 F e b 1 9 5 3 D .G . M a cI n n e s 0 9 5 0 6 6 L ib e ri a 1 1 D o m e st ic d o g B o la h im 1 9 3 0 T . K o lb e 0 4 6 7 1 6 8 5 D o m e st ic c a t H a rb e l R . F o x 0 8 7 9 2 3 M a li 6 4 5 C iv e tt ic tis c iv e tt a K a ye s, N io ro d u S a h e l, L o ra k B a n c 1 2 F e b 1 9 5 6 0 8 4 5 7 8 1 4 2 L e p ta ilu ru s se rv a l K a ye s, N io ro d u S a h e l, L o ra k B a n c 0 6 F e b 1 9 5 6 0 8 9 5 7 9 3 P a n th e ra p a rd u s S ik a ss o , S ik a ss o 2 0 A u g 1 9 5 4 0 8 9 5 7 6 S e n e g a l 1 L e p ta ilu ru s se rv a l C a sa m a n ce , B ig n o n a 2 1 O ct 1 9 4 5 F ro m P .C . M o re l 0 8 8 2 7 8 1 V e g e ta tio n S a n g a lk a m 0 5 A p r 1 9 4 5 L . K a rt m a n 0 2 1 7 9 3 3 F e lis s ilv e st ri s ( = ly b ic a ) S e n e g a l O ri e n ta l, N io ko lo K o b a , B a d i M a r 1 9 5 7 F ro m P .C . M o re l 0 8 8 2 7 7 7 C iv e tt ic tis c iv e tt a S e n e g a l O ri e n ta l, N io ko lo K o b a F e b 1 9 5 6 F ro m P .C . M o re l 0 8 8 2 7 6 9 3 9 L e p ta ilu ru s se rv a l T h ie s, M b o u r, S a n d ia ra 1 8 M a y 1 9 5 6 F ro m P .C . M o re l 0 8 8 2 7 9 S u d a n 1 H ya e n a h ya e n a B a h r E l G h a za l, T ir o l 2 1 J a n 1 9 5 5 E .T .M . R e id 0 9 3 0 1 2 1 3 D o m e st ic c a t B a h r E l G h a za l, W a u O ct 1 9 5 3 S .V .S . 0 9 3 0 2 5 2 1 A rv ic a n th is s p . b u rr o w E q u a to ri a , Ju b a , Ju b a 1 0 D e c 1 9 5 2 0 9 3 0 1 3 8 C iv e tt ic tis c iv e tt a E q u a to ri a , T o ri t, O b b o 0 9 A p r 1 9 5 0 H . H o o g st ra a l 0 9 3 0 3 1 T A B L E 2 (c o n t. ) 203 D.A. APANASKEVICH, I.G. HORAK & J-L. CAMICAS N o . o f ti c k s H o s t L o c a li ty D a te o f c o ll e c ti o n C o ll e c to r C o ll e c ti o n n o .* ♂ ♀ S u d a n ( c o n t. ) 1 3 5 C a n is a u re u s E q u a to ri a , T o ri t, T o ri t 2 5 N o v 1 9 4 9 H . H o o g st ra a l 0 9 4 9 5 9 1 4 C a n is a u re u s E q u a to ri a , T o ri t, T o ri t 0 6 D e c 1 9 4 9 0 9 3 0 1 4 2 2 2 C a n is a u re u s E q u a to ri a , T o ri t, T o ri t 0 2 D e c 1 9 4 9 0 9 3 0 1 6 1 C a n is a u re u s E q u a to ri a , T o ri t, T o ri t 0 6 D e c 1 9 4 9 H . H o o g st ra a l 0 9 3 0 1 5 1 1 C iv e tt ic tis c iv e tt a E q u a to ri a , T o ri t, T o ri t 0 8 F e b 1 9 5 1 H . H o o g st ra a l 0 9 3 0 2 3 1 4 D o m e st ic d o g E q u a to ri a , T o ri t, T o ri t 0 4 J a n 1 9 5 2 0 9 3 0 2 4 1 M u n g o s m u n g o E q u a to ri a , T o ri t, T o ri t 1 3 A p r 1 9 5 0 0 9 3 0 1 1 6 P a n th e ra le o E q u a to ri a , T o ri t, T o ri t 1 5 M a r 1 9 5 2 J. O w e n 0 9 3 0 2 8 1 4 3 C a n is m e so m e la s E q u a to ri a , U b o 0 8 M a y 1 9 4 8 0 9 3 0 1 8 1 C a n is a d u st u s U p p e r N ile , M a la ka l ( n e a r) 1 4 M a r 1 9 6 4 H . H o o g st ra a l, S . G a b e r 0 9 4 9 6 0 2 C a n is a d u st u s U p p e r N ile , M a la ka l, M a la ka l ( 7 m ile s N o f) 0 1 F e b 1 9 6 2 H . H o o g st ra a l, S . G a b e r 0 9 4 9 6 1 8 P a n th e ra le o U p p e r N ile , 4 0 m i S o f M a la ka l, A b w o n g 2 7 F e b 1 9 6 1 H . H o o g st ra a l 0 9 2 9 7 8 1 C a n is a d u st u s U p p e r N ile , P a lo ic h , G e lh a k F o re st 2 3 M a y 1 9 6 2 H . H o o g st ra a l, S . G a b e r 0 9 2 8 8 1 1 F e lis s ilv e st ri s (= ly b ic a ) U p p e r N ile , P a lo ic h , P a lo ic h ( 5 m ile s N o f) 2 7 F e b 1 9 6 2 H . H o o g st ra a l, S . G a b e r 0 9 4 9 6 2 2 F e lis s ilv e st ri s U p p e r N ile , P a lo ic h , T ir ( n e a r) 2 3 F e b 1 9 6 1 H . H o o g st ra a l, S . G a b e r 0 9 2 9 7 3 2 1 L e p ta ilu ru s se rv a l U p p e r N ile , P a lo ic h , T ir ( n e a r) 0 7 F e b 1 9 6 1 H . H o o g st ra a l, S . G a b e r 0 9 4 9 5 8 T a n za n ia 1 C a n is m e so m e la s M a ra , S e re n g e ti P la in s, S e ro n e ra 2 5 S e p 1 9 7 4 D . S ch m id t 0 9 5 2 0 4 1 C o n n o ch a e te s ta u ri n u s Y e id a , S w a m p s 0 4 O ct 1 9 3 8 L .R . P a d d o ck 1 1 5 7 7 4 U g a n d a 1 1 1 P a n th e ra le o A n ko le , N ya b u sh o zi 2 2 O ct 1 9 6 5 J. M a tt h ys se 1 2 3 7 6 3 1 2 P a n th e ra le o A n ko le , N ya b u sh o zi 0 9 O ct 1 9 6 5 J. M a tt h ys se 1 2 0 3 6 7 7 6 P a n th e ra p a rd u s A n ko le , M b a ra ra 0 9 A u g 1 9 6 5 J. M a tt h ys se 1 2 3 7 6 2 2 P a n th e ra le o A n ko le , M b a ra ra ( 3 5 m ile s S W o f) 1 4 A p r 1 9 6 2 M a jo r P ri ce 0 8 9 5 4 2 2 D o m e st ic d o g B a g a n d a , E n te b b e 2 7 A p r 1 9 6 6 J. M a tt h ys se 0 5 3 8 2 6 7 1 D o m e st ic d o g K a ra m o ja , K a m p a la 0 5 F e b 1 9 4 0 G .H .E . H o p ki n s 1 2 0 3 6 5 3 P a n th e ra p a rd u s K a ra m o ja , M o ro to , L a b w o r 1 6 A u g 1 9 6 5 J. M a tt h ys se 1 2 3 7 6 4 T A B L E 2 (c o n t. ) 204 Redescription of Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) elliptica (Koch, 1844) N o . o f ti c k s H o s t L o c a li ty D a te o f c o ll e c ti o n C o ll e c to r C o ll e c ti o n n o .* ♂ ♀ U g a n d a ( c o n t. ) 2 K ig e zi , N a ka b a n d e 2 5 O ct 1 9 4 0 1 2 0 3 6 6 1 1 D o m e st ic d o g P a co ta , A sw a , A ch o li 2 1 J u n 1 9 6 6 J. M a tt h ys se 0 5 3 8 3 5 1 0 2 P a n th e ra le o R u w e n zo ri N a tio n a l P a rk 3 1 J u l 1 9 6 9 M .H . W o o d fo rd 0 8 8 6 3 4 3 P a n th e ra le o R u w e n zo ri N a tio n a l P a rk , M w e ya 1 9 J u n 1 9 7 4 M .H . W o o d fo rd 1 2 0 3 6 3 2 1 C iv e tt ic tis c iv e tt a W . M e n g o , E n te b b e A p r 1 9 7 9 M .N . K a is e r 1 2 3 7 6 1 Z a m b ia 1 0 1 7 P a n th e ra le o S o u th e rn , N a m w a la 1 9 A u g 1 9 5 1 J. G . M a tt h ys se 0 9 1 2 9 4 1 1 0 D o m e st ic d o g B a ro ts e la n d , K a la b o ( E o f) A p r 1 9 6 5 R .G . Ja p p 0 9 1 2 9 7 1 1 F e lis s ilv e st ri s (= ly b ic u s) B a ro ts e la n d , K a la b o ( E o f) 3 0 D e c 1 9 6 4 R .G . Ja p p 0 9 1 2 9 6 1 M a st o m ys n a ta le n si s M t. M a ku lu 1 6 J u n 1 9 7 0 M .H . C o lb o 0 9 1 3 0 0 6 C iv e tt ic tis c iv e tt a E a st e rn , L u n d a zi , C h ib e m b e P o n to o n ( 1 0 m i N o f) 0 7 A u g 1 9 6 2 G . C o rb e t, J. I n g le s 0 9 1 3 0 4 1 5 1 C iv e tt ic tis c iv e tt a L o ch in va r Ju l 1 9 5 9 1 2 3 7 6 5 1 P o ta m o ch o e ru s p o rc u s S u sa C a m p , C h ip a ta , E a st e rn 2 4 J u l 1 9 8 0 S .G .A . W e a k 1 2 3 7 6 6 Z im b a b w e 1 6 C iv e tt ic tis c iv e tt a M a sh o n a la n d S o u th , S a lis b u ry , A tla n tic a F o u n d a tio n R e se a rc h S ta tio n 0 7 J u l 1 9 7 7 R .A .I . N o rv a l 1 0 7 2 7 2 1 3 C iv e tt ic tis c iv e tt a M a sh o n a la n d S o u th , S a lis b u ry , C a lg a ry F a rm 1 6 M a y 1 9 7 7 R .A .I . N o rv a l 1 0 7 0 9 6 3 C iv e tt ic tis c iv e tt a M a sh o n a la n d S o u th , S a lis b u ry , C a lg a ry F a rm 1 4 F e b 1 9 7 7 R .A .I . N o rv a l 1 2 1 5 9 9 6 L e p ta ilu ru s se rv a l M a sh o n a la n d S o u th , S a lis b u ry , C a lg a ry F a rm 0 9 F e b 1 9 7 7 R .A .I . N o rv a l 1 2 1 6 0 3 7 F e lis s ilv e st ri s (= li b yc a ) M a sh o n a la n d S o u th , S a lis b u ry , M a zo e V e te ri n a ry F a rm 0 6 S e p 1 9 7 6 R .A .I . N o rv a l 1 0 3 0 4 7 8 9 L e p ta ilu ru s se rv a l M a sh o n a la n d S o u th , S in o ia 2 5 M a y 1 9 7 7 R .A .I . N o rv a l 1 2 1 5 9 5 * A ll th e c o lle ct io n n u m b e rs a re t h o se o f sp e ci m e n s in t h e U n ite d S ta te s N a tio n a l T ic k C o lle ct io n + R e a re d s p e ci m e n s fr o m e n g o rg e d n ym p h s fo u n d in A rv ic a n th is n ilo tic u s n e st s T A B L E 2 (c o n t. ) 205 D.A. APANASKEVICH, I.G. HORAK & J-L. CAMICAS T A B L E 3 H a e m a p h ys a lis ( R h ip is to m a ) e lli p tic a a n d H a e m a p h ys a lis ( R h ip is to m a ) le a ch i, im m a tu re s ta g e s e xa m in e d N o . o f ti c k s H o s t L o c a li ty D a te o f c o ll e c ti o n C o ll e c to r C o ll e c ti o n n o .* N L H a e m a p h y s a li s ( R h ip is to m a ) e ll ip ti c a 1 6 + 3 0 + S o u th A fr ic a IG H 1 6 + 3 0 + D o m e st ic d o g S o u th A fr ic a , P re to ri a 1 3 J u l 2 0 0 5 K . Ju n ke r IG H 3 0 + A ci n o n yx ju b a tu s S o u th A fr ic a , H o e d sp ru it 2 1 F e b 2 0 0 6 I. H u b m e r IG H H a e m a p h y s a li s ( R h ip is to m a ) le a c h i 8 + D o m e st ic d o g C e n tr a l A fr ic a n R e p u b lic , N a n a N a m b e re , B o u a r 1 0 O ct 1 9 6 9 t o 1 4 J a n 1 9 7 0 R . L a co tt e 0 9 6 9 9 2 3 0 + D o m e st ic d o g C e n tr a l A fr ic a n R e p u b lic , N a n a N a m b e re , B o u a r 1 6 O ct t o 1 0 D e c 1 9 6 9 R . L a co tt e 0 9 6 9 7 9 3 0 + D o m e st ic d o g C e n tr a l A fr ic a n R e p u b lic , N a n a N a m b e re , B o u a r 0 2 A u g t o 0 3 S e p 1 9 6 9 M . G ir e t 0 9 6 9 8 0 3 0 + D o m e st ic d o g E g yp t, E l W a d i E l G e d e e d , D a kh la O a si s, E l H in d a w 2 0 N o v 1 9 7 2 I. H e lm y 0 7 8 8 0 1 2 + A rv ic a n th is n ilo tic u s n e st E g yp t, G iz a , Im b a b a , A u si m S e p 1 9 5 3 H . H o o g st ra a l 0 7 8 7 3 4 3 0 + V u lp e s vu lp e s E g yp t, G iz a , Im b a b a , S a ft E l L a b a n 0 6 M a r 1 9 5 8 H . H o o g st ra a l 0 7 8 7 4 9 * A ll th e c o lle ct io n n u m b e rs a re t h o se o f sp e ci m e n s in t h e U n ite d S ta te s N a tio n a l T ic k C o lle ct io n + R e a re d s p e ci m e n s 206 Redescription of Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) elliptica (Koch, 1844) TABLE 4 Differential diagnosis between Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) elliptica and Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) leachi Haemaphysalis (R.) elliptica Haemaphysalis (R.) leachi Male (Fig. 2, 3, 8 and 9 ) 1. Longer and broader tick: – Length (from palpal apices to posterior margin of conscu- tum) avg. 3.00 mm – Width (of conscutum) avg. 1.47 mm – Ratio length to width avg. 2.05 1. Shorter and more slender tick: – Length (from palpal apices to posterior margin of conscu- tum) avg. 2.45 mm – Width (of conscutum) avg. 1.06 mm – Ratio length to width avg. 2.30 2. One or two of first festoons enclosed by marginal groove 2. Two or three of first festoons enclosed by marginal groove 3. Dorsally median margin of palpal segment II gradually wid- ening anteriorly from the segment’s mid-length 3. Dorsally median margin of palpal segment II abruptly widen- ing anteriorly from the segment’s mid-length 4. Lateral margin of ventral spur on palpal segment II straight 4. Lateral margin of ventral spur on palpal segment II concave Female (Fig. 4, 5, 10 and 11) 1. Longer and broader tick: – Length (from palpal apices to posterior margin of scutum) avg. 1.73 mm – Width (of scutum) avg. 1.02 mm – Ratio length to width avg. 1.70 1. Shorter and more slender tick: – Length (from palpal apices to posterior margin of scutum) avg. 1.53 mm – Width (of scutum) avg. 0.84 mm – Ratio length to width avg. 1.81 2. Dorsal cornua shorter, approximately 1/6 length of basis capituli 2. Dorsal cornua longer, approximately 1/4 length of basis capituli 3. Dorsally median margin of palpal segment II gradually wid- ening anteriorly at segment’s mid-length 3. Dorsally median margin of palpal segment II abruptly widen- ing anteriorly at segment’s mid-length Nymph (Fig. 6 and 12) 1. Larger (see description) 1. Smaller (see description) 2. Dorsally median margin of palpal segment II widening grad u- ally anteriorly 2. Dorsally median margin of palpal segment II widening sharply anteriorly 3. Ventral spur of palpal segment II broad 3. Ventral spur of palpal segment II narrow 4. Denticles of hypostome in files of 7 to 9 (usually 8) 4. Denticles of hypostome in files of 5 or 6 Larva (Fig. 7 and 13) 1. Larger (see description) 1. Smaller (see description) 2. Ventral spur of palpal segment II broad 2. Ventral spur of palpal segment II narrow 3. Ventral spur of palpal segment III indistinct, fold-like 3. Ventral spur of palpal segment III distinct, triangular 4. Denticles in files of 7 or 8 4. Denticles in files of 4 to 6 (usually 5) REMARKS ON IDENTIFICATION Our study has shown that H. (R.) elliptica is an inde- pendent species belonging to the H. (R.) leachi sub- group and that it is clearly distinguishable from H. (R.) leachi. However, the value of diagnostic char- acters varies from stage to stage. The easiest stage to distinguish is the larval. All the larval characters that we have chosen clearly dif- ferentiate the larvae of H. (R.) elliptica from those of H. (R.) leachi. Males of H. (R.) elliptica are also quite easily distinguishable from those of H. (R.) leachi. The main differentiating characters are the shape of the lateral margin of the ventral spur on palpal seg- ment II and total size of the ticks. The most obvious character for nymphs is the number of denticles per file on the hypostome, and total size. Females are the most difficult to distinguish. The main characters are total size and the size of the dorsal cornua, and because both characters have a metric value, diffi- cult specimens do not have to be excluded during routine examinations. The females of most closely related spe cies within the H. (R.) leachi group are difficult to distinguish interspecifically. However, be- cause of the morphological stability of Haemaphysalis species, the size of various structures is of consid- 207 D.A. APANASKEVICH, I.G. HORAK & J-L. CAMICAS erable value for discriminating between all the para- sitic stages of closely related species. Finally, unpublished molecular data confirm our opinion on the species independency of H. (R.) ellip- tica. DISTRIBUTION AND HOSTS Haemaphysalis (R.) elliptica is present in East and southern Africa, and DAA and IGH have recorded it in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Mo- zam bique, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe (Table 1). JLC adds Ethiopia, Malawi and Rwanda to this list. Haemaphysalis (R.) leachi has chiefly been record- ed from North (Egypt) and East Africa south to the north of Zimbabwe. Judging by collection data this species is probably quite common in Central Africa. A few collections have been made in West Africa. DAA and IGH record this species from Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Sene- gal, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zim- babwe (Table 2). JLC adds Burundi, Chad and Guinea to this list. Both species share a large area of sympatry in East Africa. The hosts of adult H. (R.) elliptica are various carni- vore species, amongst which are the domestic dog, domestic cat, lion, Panthera leo, and leopard, Panthera pardus (Table 1). The hosts of the imma- ture stages are diverse rodent species, and they may very occasionally be present on the same hosts as the adults. The hosts of adult H. (R.) leachi are similar to those of H. (R.) elliptica, namely domestic and wild carnivores (Table 2). The immature stages use various rodents and other small mammals as hosts. It will, however, only be possible to determine the actual host range of the immature stages of H. (R.) elliptica and H. (R.) leachi once a taxonomic revision of the whole H. (R.) leachi group has been completed. The adults of both species have been found in a number of collections taken from a single host. Both geographic and host sympatry indirectly confirm the specific independency of H. (R.) elliptica and H. (R.) leachi. DISEASE RELATIONSHIPS Haemaphysalis (R.) elliptica (then referred to as H. leachi) is the vector of Babesia canis rossi, the cause of virulent babesiosis in domestic dogs in South Africa (Lewis, Penzhorn, Lopez-Rebollar & De Waal 1996). We are, however, unable to find any records of H. (R.) leachi transmitting Babesia canis in Egypt. In South Africa, H. (R.) elliptica (as H. leachi) has been recorded as transmitting Rickett- sia conori, resulting in tick bite fever in humans (Gear 1954). Possibly because of its preference for carnivores, adult H. (R.) elliptica (then recorded as H. leachi) is one of the tick species most frequently collected from humans working in the field (Horak, Fourie, Heyne, Walker & Needham 2002). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are most grateful to Dr J. Dunlop, Natural History Museum of Berlin, Germany, for the loan of Koch’s type specimen of H. (R.) elliptica. Dr J.H. Oliver Jr and Dr L. Beati, Georgia Southern University, United States of America, granted permission and assist- ance to DAA, while on a visit to the USA, to examine ticks in the United States National Tick Collection. Dr A. Latif and Ms H. Heyne, Onderstepoort Veter- inary Institute, South Africa, granted permission and assistance to DAA to study the type series of H. leachi var. humerosoides in the Gertrud Theiler Tick Museum. Dr J.B. Walker kindly spent several hours discussing our ideas on the relationship of the two species. This study was made possible by the award of a postdoctoral fellowship to DAA by the Claude Leon Foundation. 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