2014.ISDS.Abstracts.Final.pdf


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ISDS 2014 Conference Abstracts

An Early Warning Influenza Model using Alberta Real-
Time Syndromic Data (ARTSSN)

Paul Smetanin1, Rita K. Biel*2, David Stiff1, Douglas McNeil1, Lawrence Svenson3, Hussain 
R. Usman2, David P. Meurer2, Jane Huang2, Vanessa Nardelli2, Christopher Sikora2 and 
James Talbot3

1RiskAnalytica, Toronto, ON, Canada; 2AHS, Calgary, AB, Canada; 3AH, Edmonton, AB, Canada

Objective
We developed early warning algorithms using data from ARTSSN 

and used them to detect signatures of potential pandemics and provide 
regular weekly forecasts on influenza trends in Alberta during 
2012-2014.

Introduction
Standardized electronic pre-diagnostic information is routinely 

collected in Alberta, Canada. ARTSSN is an automated real-time 
surveillance data repository able to rapidly refresh data that include 
school absenteeism information, calls about health concerns from 
Health Link Alberta (HLA); a provincial telephone service for health 
advice and information, and emergency department (ED) visits 
categorized by standardized chief complaint (CC)1. Until recently, 
real-time ARTSSN data for public health surveillance and decision 
making has been underutilized.

Methods
A two-part Alberta Influenza Model was constructed using a 

Bayesian approach and historic HLA and Edmonton ED data from 
ARTSSN: an agent-based, event-driven infectious disease model 
simulating the spread of influenza in the province and a simulation 
module to model the events that would be recorded in ARTSSN due 
to influenza circulating in the population. During 2012-2013 and 
2013-2014, the algorithms were used to provide weekly updates of the 
predicted attack rate and influenza season peak time to a provincial 
surveillance team. Syndromic indicators of influenza-like-illness (ILI) 
were selected from HLA protocols and ED CCs, compared against the 
Alberta Health influenza case definition2, and included in the model. 
In 2013-2014, additional CCs were included if an ILI+ screen was 
recorded. The model was implemented to detect abnormal events, 
such as higher than normal attack rates or atypical peak times. A 
prior distribution assumption based on historical data was used in 
the analysis; attack rate of 12.5%, peak time of February 1 and a 
pandemic probability of once every 30 years.

Results
A test of the model using simulated and historical H1N1 pandemic 

observations showed that the early warning algorithms effectively 
distinguished pandemics from seasonal influenza well before the 
peak. No pandemic triggering occurred during the two influenza 
seasons 2012-2014, suggesting that this tool can be effective in 
pandemic preparedness. Based on lab confirmed cases, the influenza 
peak in Alberta actually occurred during influenza reporting week 1 
(Dec 30-Jan 5) in 2012-2013 and week 2 (Jan 5-10) in 2013-2014. 
During the 2012-2013 pilot season, the model predicted the peak time 
within 1 week of the true peak as early as October 25. During 2013-
2014, the model predicted the peak within 2 weeks of the true peak 
as early as November 4. The final model estimates showed that 2012-
2013 was a typical influenza season with an expected attack rate of 
11.8% ( 3.2%) and a peak in early January (Jan 6 27 days). 2013-
2014 was similar with a final attack rate of 11.5% ( 3.1%) and a peak 

time of mid-January (Jan 10 27 days). The early estimates of peak 
time were in line with what other trending tools such as FluWatch and 
Google flu trends revealed3,4. The forecasts of influenza attack rates 
and peak times were used by decision makers to guide allocation and 
efficient use of resources, such as acquisition of additional vaccine 
or decisions about opening a rapid assessment centre, and public 
communications. The modelling and forecasts heightened awareness 
and discussion among medical officers, surveillance and public health 
staff, as health resource management decisions were made.

Conclusions
The predictive model developed using real-time ARTSSN data, 

used prospectively, is a promising tool for influenza planning and 
preparedness.

Keywords
influenza; syndromic surveillance; predictive model; pandemic; 
influenza peak time

Acknowledgments

We thank Bonita Lee, Kevin Fonseca, Albert de Villiers, Sandra Marini, 
Richard Golonka, Linda Duffley, Steven Probert, Elizabeth Henderson, 
Evan Jones, Marcia Johnson, Gerry Predy, Carla Briante, Lynette Katsivo, 
Alysha Visram, Annette Lemire and Bryan Wicentowich.

References

1. Fan S, Blair C, Brown A, et al. A multi-function public health
surveillance system and the lessons learned in its development: the
Alberta real-time syndromic surveillance net. Can J Pub Health 2010; 
101(6):454-8.

2. Alberta Health Influenza Case Definition. Alberta Health Public Health 
Notifiable Disease Management Guidelines, October 2012. http://
www.health.alberta.ca/documents/Guidelines-Influenza-2012.pdf.

3. FluWatch http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/fluwatch/13-14/w02_14/index-
eng.php.

4. Google flu trends http://www.google.org/flutrends/ca/#CA-AB.

*Rita K. Biel

E-mail: rita.biel@albertahealthservices.ca    

Online Journal of Public Health Informatics * ISSN 1947-2579 * http://ojphi.org * 7(1):e54, 2015