2014.ISDS.Abstracts.Final.pdf


ISDS Annual Conference Proceedings 2014. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-
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ISDS 2014 Conference Abstracts

Using Syndromic Surveillance Data to Describe Chronic 
High Frequency ED Utilization
Erin E. Austin*

Division of Surveillance and Investigation, Virginia Department of Health, Richmond, VA, USA

Objective
Leverage existing syndromic surveillance data to characterize 

the population of chronic high frequency emergency department 
(ED) users and to understand the health complaints for which this 
population utilizes emergent health care services.

Introduction
Utilization and overcrowding of EDs has been a prominent 

component of the health care reform debate in the United States for 
the last several years. In Virginia, the ED utilization rate has increased 
27.5% between 2000 and 2012 from 34.5 visits to 44.0 visits per 100 
persons1. Individuals with high frequency utilization of EDs account 
for a disproportionate number of visits, which can place burden on 
already strained health care resources2. This study aims to use existing 
syndromic surveillance data received electronically by the Virginia 
Department of Health (VDH) to describe demographic and utilization 
characteristics among chronic high frequency ED users in order to 
better understand the health complaints affecting this population.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted using syndromic surveillance 

data received by VDH from 44 acute care hospital EDs between 
January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2013. A chronic high frequency 
ED user was defined as a person with more than 10 ED visits in 
2012 and more than 10 ED visits in 2013 at the same acute care 
hospital based on unique medical record number (MRN). Analyses 
were conducted at the patient level based on MRN to characterize 
population demographics and at the visit level based on chief 
complaint (CC) to characterize the health complaints of chronic high 
frequency ED users.

Results
The study identified 1,336 chronic high frequency ED users. 

Median and mean number of ED visits per user were 33 and 39, 
respectively (range 22-392), for a total of 52,006 ED visits over the 
2 year period. Chronic high frequency users represented 0.1% of the 
ED patient population served during the two year study period but 
1.4% of the total 3.7 million ED visits. Nearly two-thirds (64.4%) of 
the chronic users were female, and female users were significantly 
younger than males, with a mean age of 41.4 years compared to 45.8 
years, t(1334) = 5.51, p <.001 (Figure 1). Males were more likely to 
have an alcohol- or substance abuse-related CC compared to females 
(OR= 16.9, 95% CI: 9.1-31.3). The most prevalent CC among both 
female and male chronic high frequency users was “pain”, occurring 
in 42% of visits (n= 21,993) and among 98% of MRNs (n=1,309). 
One-third (34%) of high frequency users had at least one visit with a 
CC relating to a mental health disorder while one-quarter (25%) had 
at least one visit related to a dental complaint.

Conclusions
Chronic high frequency users of emergent health care services seek 

care for a variety of health complaints from chronic and acute illness 
to mental and oral health. Based on this initial assessment a portion of 
visits by highly frequent users could be directed to other health care 

services for appropriate treatment. Findings in this study support that 
of previous research which found that male high frequency ED users 
were older and had a higher rate of alcohol and substance abuse than 
female high frequency users3. Major limitations of this study were 
1) health insurance coverage information was not accessible, which
could assist to further characterize this health care-seeking population 
and 2) it was not possible to identify high frequency users that sought 
care across multiple facilities. Future research is needed to determine 
how chronic high frequency ED users differ from non-chronic users 
to establish potential focuses for interventions to reduce their burden 
on emergent health care services.

Keywords
ED utilization; frequent ED users; syndromic surveillance

References

1. Virginia Health Information, Inc. Annual Licensure Survey Data for
Acute Care Hospital Emergency Departments, 2000-2012.

2. Castillo E, et al. Factors Associated With Frequent Users of Emergency 
Department Resources. Annals of Emer Med. 2012;60(4S):S32.

3. LaCalle E, et al. High-frequency users of emergency department care.
J Emer Med. 2013;44(6):1167-1173.

*Erin E. Austin
E-mail: erin.austin@vdh.virginia.gov    

Online Journal of Public Health Informatics * ISSN 1947-2579 * http://ojphi.org * (1):e64, 201