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ISDS 2016 Conference Abstracts

Use of Near-Real–Time Data to Inform Underage 
Drinking Surveillance in Nebraska
Sandra Gonzalez*1, 3, David DeVries2 and Ming Qu3
1University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA; 2Division of Behavioral Health, Nebraska Department of Health and Human 
Services, Lincoln, NE, USA; 3Division of Public Health, Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services, Lincoln, NE, USA

Objective
The objective of this pilot study was to develop and evaluate 

syndromic definitions for the monitoring of alcohol-related emergency 
department (ED) visits in near-real–time syndromic surveillance 
(SyS) data. This study also evaluates the utility of SyS ED data for 
the monitoring of underage drinking.

Introduction
Underage drinking is a significant public health problem in the 

United States as well as in Nebraska1-2. Alcohol consumption among 
underage youth accounts for approximately 5,000 deaths each year 
in the United States, including motor vehicle crash related deaths, 
homicides and suicides1. In Nebraska, 23% of 12-20 year olds have 
reported alcohol use during the past 30 days3. In 2010, the estimated 
total costs of underage drinking in Nebraska were $423 million. 
These costs included medical care, work loss along with pain and 
suffering2. The health consequences of underage drinking include 
alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes and other unintentional injuries, 
physical and sexual assault, suicide, self-inflicted injury, death from 
alcohol poisoning, and abuse of other drugs1, 4. The monitoring of  
near-real–time ED data could help underage drinking prevention 
efforts by providing timelier actionable public health information.

Methods
Nebraska SyS data from 32 ED facilities was analyzed for visits 

of 12 to 20 year olds during October 1, 2015 to August 31, 2016. 
Three syndromic definitions were developed and tested for the 
monitoring of alcohol-related ED visits in near-real–time SyS data 
by using ESSENCE. The first and second definitions were based on 
querying the chief complaint (CC) field for search terms associated 
with alcohol use and alcohol abuse or intoxication respectively. 
The third definition consisted of ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM 
diagnostic codes associated to alcohol abuse or intoxication. These 
three definitions were evaluated for internal consistency: reported 
diagnostic codes were used to evaluate the first and second definition, 
while text in the CC field was used to evaluate the third definition. 
Records with missing CC or diagnostic codes were excluded from the 
consistency analysis. In addition, the CC field of records detected by 
the third definition was evaluated for possible alcohol-related health 
consequences.

Results
A total of 126 cases were detected by using the first definition  

(CC search terms for alcohol use); 61% (50/82) of these identified 
alcohol abuse-related diagnostic codes. On the other hand, a total 
of 64 cases were detected by using second definition (CC search 
terms specific for alcohol abuse or intoxication); 89% (33/37) of 
these identified alcohol abuse-related diagnostic codes. The third 
definition (diagnostic codes only) detected 111 cases; 49% (51/105) 
of these identified alcohol-related search terms in records with 
reported CC. However, keywords associated to alcohol-related health 
consequences, such as injury, assault, and use of other drugs were 
found in records with no alcohol-related search terms in the CC field. 
Diagnostic codes associated to alcohol-related health consequences 

were observed in 93% (50/54) of these records. These results indicate 
that alcohol use is underreported in the CC field.

Conclusions
A higher internal consistency was observed for the syndromic 

definition based on CC search terms associated with alcohol abuse 
or intoxication. However, a syndromic definition based on diagnostic 
codes is preferred due to the underreporting of alcohol use in the CC 
field. The detection of underage alcohol use-related cases could be 
improved by adding alcohol abuse or intoxication CC search terms 
to a syndromic definition based on diagnostic codes. Overall, results 
of this pilot study suggest that a syndromic definition based on 
diagnostic codes can potentially enhance the surveillance of underage 
drinking and alcohol-related health consequences.

Keywords
Syndromic Surveillance; Underage Drinking; Emergency Department; 
Alcohol; Injury

Acknowledgments
Other contributors: Bryan Buss, Gary White, Lianlin Zhao, David Loyall, 
Kevin Cueto, and Michelle Hood

References
1. Hingson R, White A. New research findings since the 2007 Surgeon

General’s Call to Action to Prevent and Reduce Underage Drinking: a 
review. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2014 Jan;75(1):158-69. Review.

2. Bekmuratova S, Carritt N, Kaldahl T, Stimpson JP. Underage Drinking 
in Nebraska [Internet]. Omaha (NE): University of Nebraska  
Medical Center, Center for Health Policy; 2013 August [cited 2016 
September 7]. Available from: https://www.unmc.edu/publichealth/
chp/research/2013-underage-drinking.pdf.

3. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The December 2015
Report to Congress on the Prevention and Reduction of Underage 
Drinking [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2016 September 7]. Available from: 
https://www.stopalcoholabuse.gov/media/ReportToCongress/2015/
state_reports/nebraska_profile.pdf.

4. CDC. Fact Sheets - Underage Drinking [Internet]. 2015 November
[cited 2016 September 7]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/
alcohol/fact-sheets/underage-drinking.htm.

*Sandra Gonzalez
E-mail: Sandra.Gonzalez@nebraska.gov

Online Journal of Public Health Informatics * ISSN 1947-2579 * http://ojphi.org * 9(1):e142, 2017