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ISDS 2016 Conference Abstracts

First detection of Salmonella spp. in backyard 
production farms from central Chile
Raul Alegria-Moran*1, 2, 3, Andres Lazo1, Dacil Rivera4, Viviana Toledo4, 
Andrea Moreno-Switt5 and Christopher Hamilton-West1, 3
1Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; 
2PhD Program in Agriculture, Forestry and Veterinary Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; 3Emerging and Reemerging 
Zoonoses Research Network, Santiago, Chile; 4Universidad Nacional Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; 5Center of Veterinary Medicine, 
Universidad Nacional Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile

Objective
The purpose of this study was to detect the presence of circulating 

Salmonella spp. on backyard production systems (BPS) with poultry 
or swine breeding in central Chile

Introduction
Characteristics and conditions of backyard production systems 

(BPS) transform them into potential maintainers of priority zoonotic 
agents, like Salmonella spp., highly important agent because of its 
impact in animal and public health (1).

Methods
A stratified and proportional random sampling approach was 

performed (2), based on 15 provinces from the study area (regions of 
Valparaiso, Metropolitana and LGB O’Higgins). 329 BPS sampled 
(equivalent to 1,744 samples). Stool content inoculated in test tubes 
with peptone water (APT, Difco®) supplemented with Novobiocin 
(Sigma®), incubated for 18 to 24 hours at 37° C. Subcultured on 
modify semisolid Rappaport Vassiliadis (MSRV, Oxoid®) agar 
supplemented with Novobiocin, incubated for 24 to 48 hours at 41.5° C.  
Samples compatible with growth and/or diffusion were sub-cultured 
by exhaustion on Xylose Lysine Deoxychocolate (XLD, Difco®) agar 
and then incubated for 24 hours at 37° C (3). Confirmation made by 
conventional PCR for invA genes (4). Serotypes were predicted using 
a combination of PCR and sequencing, aimed directly at genes coding 
for O, H1 and H2 antigens (5).

Results
1,744 samples were collected belonging to the 329 BPS. 15 positive 

BPS (4.6%) detected. Serotypes detected correspond to Salmonella 
Typhimurium (21.7%), followed by Salmonella Enteritidis (13.0%) 
and Salmonella Infantis (13.0%), Salmonella Hadar or Istanbul 
(8.7%), Salmonella [z42] or Tenessee (4.4%), Salmonella Kentucky 
(4.4) and unknown (34.8%) (Table 1).

Conclusions
This is the first evidence of serotypes of Salmonella spp. circulating 

at a regional level in BPS from central Chile. A relevant pathogen for 
public health.

Table 1. Characterization of Salmonella spp. circulating in BPS from central 
Chile

?? = unkonwn

Keywords
Salmonella spp.; backyard production systems; one health; backyard 
surveillance

Acknowledgments
Founded by FONDECYT 11121389 to CHW and CONICYT 21130159 
to RA-M.

References
1. Iqbal, M. 2009. Controlling avian influenza infections: The challenge

of the backyard poultry. Journal of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, 
3, 119–120.

2. Dohoo, R., Martin, W. & Stryhn, H. 2010. Veterinary Epidemiologic
Research, Second edition. VER Inc., Prince Edward Island, Canada.

3. Marier, E. A., Snow, L. C., Floyd, T., McLaren, I. M., Bianchini, J., 
Cook, A. J. C., Davies, R. H. 2014. Abattoir based survey of 
Salmonella in finishing pigs in the United Kingdom 2006–2007. 
Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 117, 542-553.

4. Malorny, B., Hoofar, J., Bunge, C., Helmuth, R. 2003. Multicenter
Validation of the Analytical Accuracy of Salmonella PCR: towards
an International Standard. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 
69, 290-296.

5. Ranieri, M. L., Shi, C., Moreno-Switt, A. I., den Bakker, H. C.,
Wiedmann, M. 2013. Comparison of Typing Methods with a New
Procedure Based on Sequence Characterization for Salmonella
Serovar Prediction. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 51, 1786-1797.

*Raul Alegria-Moran
E-mail: ralegria@veterinaria.uchile.cl

Online Journal of Public Health Informatics * ISSN 1947-2579 * http://ojphi.org * 9(1):e154, 2017