61 Popovych Igor L., Babelyuk Valeriy Ye., Zukow Walery, Muszkieta Radosław, Dubkova Galyna I., Nesterova Liliya F., Hubyts’kyi Viktor Y., Bilas Volodymyra R., Musiyenko Vira Y., Seniv Teodor S., Mis’ko Volodymyr T., Babylyuk Roman V., Yaremchuk Yaroslava M., Barylyak Liliya G., Gozhenko Anatoliy I. Liturgy affects the parameters of gas discharge visualization, acupuncture points and neuro-endocrine-immune complex. Pedagogy and Psychology of Sport. 2020;6(2):61-73. elSSN 2450-6605. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/PPS.2020.06.02.006 https://apcz.umk.pl/czasopisma/index.php/PPS/article/view/PPS.2020.06.02.006 https://zenodo.org/record/3766916 The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019. © The Authors 2020; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.04.2020. Revised: 16.04.2020. Accepted: 26.04.2020. Liturgy affects the parameters of gas discharge visualization, acupuncture points and neuro-endocrine-immune complex Igor L. Popovych1, Valeriy Ye. Babelyuk2, Walery Zukow3, Radosław Muszkieta3, Galyna I. Dubkova2, Liliya F. Nesterova4, Viktor Y. Hubyts’kyi2, Volodymyra R. Bilas2, Vira Y. Musiyenko2, Teodor S. Seniv2, Volodymyr T. Mis’ko2, Roman V. Babylyuk2, Yaroslava M. Yaremchuk2, Liliya G. Barylyak1,4, Anatoliy I. Gozhenko1 1Ukrainian Scientific Research Institute of Medicine for Transport, Odesa, Ukraine prof.gozhenko@gmail.com 2Clinical Sanatorium „Моldоvа”, Truskavets’, Ukraine san.moldova.tr@ukr.net 3Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland w.zukow@wp.pl 4JSC “Truskavets’kurort”, Truskavets’, Ukraine i.popovych@biph.kiev.ua Abstract Background. The impact of religion on the human body has been the subject of a number of studies, including ours. The proposed article is a continuation of them. Purpose of the study: to detect in the supervised observation the characteristic effects of the Liturgy on some biophysical and physiological parameters of healthy people. Materials and methods. Under a observations were 10 healthy men by age 26-56 years. In the morning in basale condicions registered parameters of Gas Discharge Visualization (GDV), electroskin conductivity of Points Acupuncture (CPA), Heart Rate Variability (HRV), Leukocytogram, phagocytic function of neutrophils as well as anxiety and plasma levels of main adaptive hormones: Cortisol, Triiodothyronine and Testosterone. After testing, one volunteer went to a chapel to attend a half- hour Liturgy, and another volunteer was in the park nearby, serving as a control. After that, both participants returned to their duties, and after 1 hour all tests were repeated. Results. The characteristic effects of the Liturgy are: minimization the decrease in CPA TR(X) and G8Dg on the right, reactive anxiety, cortisolemia and one marker of vagal tone; limitation the increase in the area of the GDV in the frontal projection and the intensity of phagocytosis; initiation an increase in plasma testosterone, entropy of the leukocytogram and the proportion of rod-core neutrophils, as well as reversion the decrease in the tone of the vagus and the decrease of the energy of the virtual seventh chakra, which takes place in the control group. Conclusion. Liturgy http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/PPS.2020.06.02.006 https://apcz.umk.pl/czasopisma/index.php/PPS/article/view/PPS.2020.06.02.006 https://zenodo.org/record/3766916 mailto:prof.gozhenko@gmail.com mailto:san.moldova.tr@ukr.net mailto:w.zukow@wp.pl mailto:i.popovych@biph.kiev.ua 62 affects the parameters of gas discharge visualization, acupuncture points and neuro-endocrine- immune complex in healthy men. Key words: Liturgy, gas discharge visualization, acupuncture point electroconductivity, heart rate variability, testosterone, cortisol, triiodothyronine, phagocytosis, entropy, anxiety. INTRODUCTION Science without religion is lame, religion without science is blind. There can be no real conflict between religion and science. Albert Einstein. Science and Religion. Nature. 1940. The impact of religion on the human body has been the subject of a number of studies [5,13], including ours [2,3,16-20]. The proposed article is a continuation of them. Purpose of the study: to detect in the supervised observation the characteristic effects of the Liturgy on some biophysical and physiological parameters of healthy people. To achieve this goal, we have applied Western and Oriental medicine approaches. According to existent paradigma, Chakras are power centers, related to the endocrine glands and neural plexus as well as to some organs. In particular, the first Chakra is related to the testicles and sacral plexus, second Chakra to the ovaries, adrenals and kidneys, third Chakra to spleen, liver and solar plexus, fourth Chakra to thymus, heart and cardial plexus, fifth Chakra to thyroid and parathyroid glands, sixth Chakra to pituitary gland and brain, seven Chakra to pineal gland [22]. It is believed that the state of the Chakras can be estimated by gas-discharge visualization (GDV) [11,12]. Previously, we showed that in practically healthy men the parameters of GDV are appropriately related to their trait and reactive anxiety, levels in plasma of triiodothyronine, testosterone and cortisol as well as mineralocorticoid activity, appraised after Nа/К-ratio of plasma. Most determined from the side of psychophysiological and endocrine parameters is entropy of gas disharge image in the left projection with a filter and without filter, symmetry and area of GDV in a frontal projection with a filter and coefficient of form of GDV in the left projection with a filter and in a frontal projection without filter. On the whole endocrine status determines kirlianogram on 90%. Thus, the parameters of GDV represent the registered psychophysiological and endocrine parameters of organism of human objectively [1]. We showed also relations between the parameters GDV and HRV [15]. In another study, we found links between the parameters of the neuroendocrine-immune complex and the electrical conductivity of acupuncture points [8]. This was the basis for the design of this study. 63 MATERIAL AND RESEARCH METHODS Under a observations were 10 men by age 26-56 years, workers of sanatorium “Moldova”, four of them are the authors of this article In the morning in basale condicions at first registered (GI Dubkova) kirlianogram by the method of Gas Discharge Visualization (GDV) by the device “GDV Chamber” (“Biotechprogress”, St-Pb, RF) [11,12]. For further analysis the following parameters were selected: Area of gas discharge image; Coefficient of Shape as ratio Square Length of outward contour gas discharge image to its Area; Entropy of contour in Right, Frontal and Left projections as well as Energy and Asymmetry of virtual Chakras registered both with and without poliethylene filter. Then recorded (LF Nesterova) ECG in standard lead II by the hardware-software complex “Cardiolab+VSR” (“KhAI Medica”, Kharkiv). For further analysis the following parameters heart rate variability (HRV) were selected. Temporal parameters (Time Domain Methods): the standart deviation of all NN intervals (SDNN) and the square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent NN intervals (RMSSD). Spectral parameters (Frequency Domain Methods): spectral power density (SPD) of HRV bands: high-frequency (HF, range 0,4÷0,15 Hz), low-frequency (LF, range 0,15÷0,04 Hz), very low-frequency (VLF, range 0,04÷0,015 Hz) and ultra low-frequency (ULF, range 0,015÷0,003 Hz) [4,7]. Electroskin conductivity recorded (VY Hubyts’kyi) in follow points of acupuncture: G8Dg, Pg(ND), TR(X) and MC(AVL) at Right and Left side. Used complex “Medissa”. In portion of capillary blood counted up Leukocytogram (VY Musiyenko), on the basis of which calculated Entropy (h) by the formula: h= - (Eo•log2Eo+StubN•log2StubN+SegN•log2SegN+Mon•log2Mon+Lym•log2Lym)/log25. Whereupon took from an ulnar vein the blood for determination (YM Yaremchuk) of plasma levels of main adaptive hormones: cortisol, triiodothyronine and testosterone by the ELISA with the use of analyser “Tecan” (Österreich) and corresponding sets of reagents from “Аlkor Bio” Ltd (St-Pb, RF [9]. In this blood determined (VR Bilas) also parameters of phagocytic function of neutrophils: activity (percentage of neutrophils, in which found microbes - Phagocytic Index), intensity (number of microbes absorbed one phagocytes - Microbial Count) and completeness (percentage of dead microbes - Killing Index) using museum culture Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC N 25423 F49) obtained from Laboratory of Hydrogeological Regime-operational Station spa Truskavets’. At last volunteers filled a questionnaire with the purpose of estimation of level of the trait and reactive anxiety [21]. After testing, one volunteer went to a chapel located on the territory of the sanatorium to attend a half-hour Liturgy conducted by Greek Catholic Father Zynoviy, and another volunteer was in the park nearby, serving as a control. After that, both participants returned to their duties, and after 1 hour all tests were repeated. The investigation have been conduct during 9-13 August 2010. Results processed by method of discriminant analysis, using the software package "Statistica 5.5". RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Based on the results of the screening, a constellation of parameters was selected, the relationship between the levels of which at first and retesting is worth considering. Further, for the construction of profiles, actual values (V) were expressed in Z-scores: 64 Z = (V/N-1)/Cv, where N is norm level, Cv is coefficient of variation. It was first discovered (Fig. 1) that, despite the absence of a clinical diagnosis, volunteers have deviations from the narrowed norm (±σ) of a number of parameters. In particular, they have increased levels of cortisol and electrical conductivity of right (but not left) acupuncture points, as well as trait anxiety (in six in the range 46÷59, in four in the range 30÷39, not displayed on the profile) combined with reduced reactive anxiety (in five<31). Further, in the control group, the results of retesting and initial testing differed to one degree or another. Apparently, this is a consequence of the biorhythmic trend and/or professional activity for an hour. In particular, the electrical conductivity of acupuncture points and cortisol levels were completely normalized, sympathetic tone markers (LF/HF and LFnu) tended to increase, while vagal correlates (HF and RMSSD as well as LF) decreased to a narrowed norm, and the marker of total Autonomous Regulation (SDNN) declined significantly. In addition, a tendency for an increase in the Area of GDI in the Frontal projection as well as the intensity of phagocytosis was detected. Let us consider separately the laterality (L) of the electrical conductivity calculated by the formula: L(%) = 200(R-L)/(R+L). It was found (Fig. 2) that in the control group minimal right-sided lateralization of the three points remained unchanged, and for MC(AVL) points there was a complete symmetry of electrical conductivity. Fig. 1. Profiles of normalized parameters: initial (I) and after 1,5 hours in control (C) and main (O) groups 65 Fig. 2. Profiles of Laterality of the electrical conductivity of acupuncture points: initial (I) and after 1,5 hours in control (C) and main (O) groups The profile of the members of the main group differs from the initial and the control group. Apparently, it reflects the result of the interaction of control factors (biorhythm trends, professional work, etc.) and Liturgical factors. An estimation of the independent (itself/per se) effect of the Liturgy, in our opinion, can be obtained as the algebraic sum of both profiles. In particular, if the deviation of the parameter level relative to the initial one in the main and control group is in the opposite direction, then the stimulating or suppressing effect of the Liturgy itself is actually greater. Conversely, in cases of one-way deviations, the independent influence of the Liturgical factors as such is weaker. If we take the proposed approach to assess the impact of Liturgy on the registered parameters of the organism, we reach the following conclusions (Fig. 3). First of all, the Liturgy has a significant upregulating effect on HRVs markers of vagal tone and plasma testosterone levels. The conductivity of the AP G8Dg and MC(AVL) on the right increases to a lesser extent, which makes the right asymmetry even more pronounced (Fig. 4), as well as the entropy of the leukocytogram. The minimal stimulating effect of the Liturgy is on the level of cortisol and rod-nuclear neutrophils, as well as the energy of the seventh chakra and the electrical conductivity of AP TR (X) on the right, which is accompanied by its left-sided lateralization (Fig. 4). On the other hand, the maximum downregulating effect of Liturgy is on sympathetic tone and entropy of GDI, less pronounced on GDI area and intensity of phagocytosis. And the adjusted impact of the liturgy on reactive anxiety was null. 66 Fig. 3. The profile of the effects of the Liturgy itself (per se), reconstructed according to the differences between the parameters of the main and control groups Fig. 4. The profile of the effects of the Liturgy itself on Laterality of the electrical conductivity of acupuncture points, reconstructed according to the differences between the parameters of the main and control groups However, discriminant analysis (method forward stepwise [10]) as characteristic selected only 13 parameters, including 3 HRVs, 3 immune, 2 endocrine, 2 GDV, 2 PAs as well as reactive anxiety (Table 1). Discriminant information is condensed into two roots. The major root contains 95,7% of the recognition capabilities, and the minor one only 4,3%. The factor structure of the major root is formed by 7 variables, 5 of which correlate with the root inversely, and 2 directly. The minor root represents directly 6 discriminant variables (Table 2). The sum of products of raw coefficients on the value of discriminant variables together with the constant (Table 2) gives the values of root for each person and allow their visualization. 67 Table 1. Discriminant Function Analysis Summary Step 13, N of variables in model: 13; Grouping: 3 grps Wilks' Lambda: 0,0011; approx. F(26,1)=11,2; p=0,0002 Variables currently in model Wilks' Λ Partial Λ F-remo- ve (2,5) p- level Tole- rancy Conductivity PA TR(X) R, un ,0043 ,257 7,2 ,033 ,039 Reactive anxiety, points ,0267 ,041 57,9 10-3 ,024 PSD НF HRV, msec2 ,0056 ,197 10,2 ,017 ,007 Microbial Count, Bact./Phagoc. ,0019 ,575 1,8 ,251 ,053 Testosterone, nM/L ,0014 ,765 0,8 ,512 ,439 PSD LF HRV, msec2 ,0020 ,540 2,1 ,214 ,060 Entropy of Leukocytogram ,0172 ,064 36,5 ,001 ,029 Area frontal GDV, kpixels ,0186 ,059 39,6 10-3 ,010 Chakra 7 Energy ,0092 ,120 18,3 ,005 ,009 Cortisol, nM/L ,0062 ,177 11,6 ,013 ,024 Stubnucleary Neutrophils, % ,0048 ,232 8,3 ,026 ,086 RMSSD HRV, msec ,0027 ,409 3,6 ,107 ,010 Conductivity PA G8Dg R, un ,0021 ,526 2,3 ,201 ,030 Chi-Square Tests with Successive Roots Removed Roots Removed Eigen- value Canonical R Wilks' Λ χ2 Degree freedom p- level 0 131 0,996 0,0011 75 26 10-6 1 5,85 0,924 0,1460 21 12 ,048 Table 2. Standardized, Raw and Structural Coefficients and Constants for Canonical Variables Coefficients Standardized Raw Structural Variables currently in model Root 1 Root 2 Root 1 Root 2 Root 1 Root 2 Conductivity PA TR(X) R, un -4,33 -0,91 -3,419 -0,717 -0,101 -0,137 Conductivity PA G8Dg R, un -3,86 1,03 -2,313 0,618 -0,074 0,005 Reactive anxiety, points -6,30 -0,53 -1,078 -0,090 -0,029 -0,044 SPD LF HRV, msec2 1,77 -2,30 0,0030 -0,0040 -0,028 0,025 Cortisol, nM/L 5,83 -1,17 0,0215 -0,0043 -0,027 0,002 Area frontal GDV, kpixels 9,23 -2,55 3,20 -0,90 0,047 -0,014 Microbial Count, Bacter/Phag -2,73 -0,84 -1,053 -0,324 0,014 -0,052 Testosterone, nM/L 0,21 0,76 0,0269 0,0956 0,007 0,213 Entropy of Leukocytogram -5,46 1,75 -136 43,69 -0,010 0,104 Stubnucleary Neutrophils, % -2,82 1,11 -3,607 1,414 0,005 0,097 SPD НF HRV, msec2 10,19 -3,24 0,0078 -0,0025 -0,009 0,144 RMSSD HRV, msec -6,30 4,61 -0,223 0,163 -0,012 0,138 Chakra 7 Energy -9,71 2,79 -54,23 15,57 0,013 0,073 Constants 389,6 1,357 Discriminant Properties 95,7 % 4,3 % As we can see (Figs. 5-6, Table 3), the characteristic effects of the Liturgy are, first and foremost, to minimize the decrease in electrical conductivity in PA TR(X) and G8Dg on the right, reactive anxiety, cortisolemia and the spectral power density of the LF band HRV, observed in the control group. On the other hand, the Liturgy restrains the increase in the area of the gas- discharge image in the frontal projection and the intensity of phagocytosis Staph. aureus by 68 neutrophils, which takes place in the control group. I O K Root 1 R oot 2 -2 0 2 4 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Fig. 5. Individual values of the two roots, in which condensed recognition information about the initial condition of the person (I) and after the Liturgy (O) or retest (K) Table 3. Summary of Stepwise Analysis Variables currently in model Initially state (n=10) Oranta group (n=5) Control group (n=5) F to enter p-le- vel Λ F va- lue p-le- vel Conduct PA TR(X) R, un 60,8±0,5 58,2±0,4 57,8±0,4 12,4 ,001 ,407 12,4 10-3 Conduct PA G8Dg R, un 60,7±0,6 59,0±0,3 57,6±0,8 2,25 ,201 ,001 11,2 10-3 Reactive anxiety, points 31,8±1,9 28,2±3,1 27,8±1,7 5,79 ,013 ,236 8,5 10-4 SPD LF HRV, msec2 882±232 718±146 452±151 2,75 ,104 ,045 7,4 10-4 Cortisol, nM/L 634±86 534±148 451±84 1,86 ,217 ,007 9,0 10-4 Area frontal GDV, kpixel 23,67±1,09 25,39±1,03 27,12±0,77 4,44 ,042 ,016 8,5 10-5 Microbial Count, B/Phag 12,3±0,8 12,2±1,1 13,4±1,4 3,86 ,046 ,095 7,9 10-4 Testosterone, nM/L 24,4±2,9 32,9±3,3 23,6±1.8 2,81 ,097 ,066 7,5 10-4 Entropy Leukocytogram 0,66±0,01 0,68±0,02 0,65±0,01 2,54 ,124 ,031 7,3 10-4 Stubnucl. Neutrophils, % 3,40±0,22 3,80±0,37 3,40±0,40 3,09 ,109 ,004 10,1 10-4 SPD НF HRV, msec2 767±311 1457±996 229±92 4,53 ,029 ,147 8,0 10-4 RMSSD HRV, msec 37±8 50±18 23±6 2,05 ,210 ,002 10,4 10-4 Chakra 7 Energy -0,14±0,05 -0,05±0,08 -0,10±0,09 3,10 ,094 ,010 9,1 10-4 Means of Ca- nonical Roots Root 1 -9,8±0,3 +4,3±0,2 +15,3±0,6 Root 2 -0,82±0,29 +3,75±0,58 -2,11±0,35 Fig. 6. Individual magnitudes of the major discriminant root of members of the main and control groups, which reflect the moderating effect of the Liturgy on the decrease/increase of the levels of parameters, the information of which is condensed in this root. Volunteer code and date (August 2010) of testing submitted 69 At the same time, the Liturgy initiates an increase in plasma testosterone, entropy of the leukocytogram and the proportion in it of rod-core neutrophils, as well as reverses the decrease in the tone of the vagus and the decrease of the energy of the virtual seventh chakra, observed in the control group (Figs. 5 and 7, Table 3). Fig. 7. Individual magnitudes of the minor discriminant root of members of the main and control groups, which reflect the initiation/enhancement under the influence of the Liturgy of raising the levels of parameters, the information of which is condensed in this root The described specific effects of the Liturgy are even more clearly illustrated in Figs. 8-10. Fig. 8. Average levels (Mean±SE) of the two roots, in which condensed information about the condition of the person before (IO&IC) and after the Liturgy (O) or retest (C) 70 Fig. 9. Average levels of the major root, reflecting the moderating effect of the Liturgy Fig. 10. Average levels of the minor discriminant root of members of the main and control groups, which reflect the enhancing effect of the Liturgy Despite the obvious cluster delineation, we document it by calculating Mahalanobis distances (Table 4). 71 Table 4. Squared Mahalanobis Distances (above), F-values (df = 13,5) (below) and p-levels Clusters I O C Initially State (I) 259 745 Oranta group (O) 16,2 0,003 183 Control group (C) 46,7 <10-3 8,3 0,015 Finally, we present the classification discriminant functions that allow for the error-free retrospective identification of the members of each cluster (Table 5). Table 5. Coefficients and Constants for Classification Functions Variables currently in model Initially State Oranta group Control group n=10 n=5 n=5 Conductivity PA TR(X) R, units 1365 1313 1280 Reactive anxiety, points 429,4 413,8 402,5 SPD НF HRV, msec2 -3,27 -3,17 -3,07 Microbial Count, Bacter/Phagoc 484,6 468,3 458,6 Testosterone, nM/L -9,38 -8,56 -8,82 SPD LF HRV, msec2 -1,47 -1,45 -1,39 Entropy of Leukocytogram 53478 51759 50004 Area frontal GDV, kpixels -1290 -1240 -1200 Chakra 7 Energy, units 21808 21114 20425 Cortisol, nM/L -8,91 -8,63 -8,37 Stubnucleary Neutrophils, % 1502 1458 1410 RMSSD HRV, msec 96,7 94,3 90,9 Conductivity PA G8Dg R, units 1000 970 941 Constants -82134 -76600 -72417 CONCLUSION So, in a controlled study, we showed that Liturgy affects the parameters of gas discharge visualization, acupuncture points and neuro-endocrine-immune complex in healthy men. Earlier IL Popovych in autoexperiments found that immediately after the Prayer silently "Our Father ..." and "Hail Mary ..." as well as immediately after the swallow Holy Water, parameters of HRV and EEG, recorded synchronously significantly differ from the initial settings [17-20]. To identify the effects of Holy water on the parameters of HRV and EEG and clarify the role of autosuggestion and information a separate study was conducted [16]. In 5 male volunteers performed 79 items HRV and EEG in the basal period and 25 tracks with 1,5 h after drinking 30 ml of water well, distilled, filtered, Holy (blind) and the well water indicates that it Holy (placebo). Preliminary analysis revealed no significant differences between neurotropic effects of well, distilled and filtered waters, because for further analysis they were combined in a cluster "control waters". We found 48 parameters of HRV and EEG, in which a set of clusters "control waters", "Holy water" and "placebo" significantly different from each other and from the basal level. These parameters formed 9 patterns that demonstrate the stimulating or inhibitory neurotropic effect: 1) only placebo; 2) only Holy water; 3) placebo and Holy water as 3.1) opposite and 3.2) approximately equally. Thus, neurotropic effects the Holy water is like 72 autosuggestion and information (Divine) nature. It seems to us that these conclusions are acceptable for this study. ACKNOWLEDGMENT We express sincere gratitude to administration of JSC “Truskavets’kurort” and clinical sanatorium “Moldova” for help in conducting this investigation. Special thanks to Father Zynoviy and the volunteers. 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