Editorial

This issue of Perspectives in Education has a fascinating collection of national and international 
contributions. All the contributions deal with the field of education and provide a collection of perspectives 
on important issues in the science of education, including the transformation of higher education institutions, 
complexities in the teaching of history, language-in-education, assessment, and the misalignment in the 
South African education pathway system.

The starting point of this edition of Perspectives in Education is provided by two thought-provoking 
articles which grapple with important themes in higher education, namely transformation and social 
justice. Lesley le Grange outlines two broad sets of changes characterising transformation of higher 
education in post-apartheid South Africa. The first relates to structural changes, the reorganisation of 
teaching programmes and the introduction of performativity regimes. The second relates to the need to 
transform higher education in South Africa in order to overcome the legacies of apartheid as captured in 
policies that have been developed to redress past inequalities. Le Grange argues that globalisation, neo-
liberalism, the technology of performativity, higher education policy and education itself play a role in 
the production of human subjectivity. Le Grange points out that this may lead to a crisis of humanism. 
He therefore suggests that we need to rethink transformation in higher education by replacing the term 
education with the term pedagogy.

In our second contribution Masebala Tjabane and Venitha Pillay argue that social justice is an 
important mandate of higher education in South Africa. They show that the quest for social justice is 
intertwined with the academic traditions of critique and the purpose of seeking just futures for the common 
good.

The next two articles interrogate the complexity of teaching History in two countries that have 
experienced human rights violations, namely Chile and South Africa. In their case study on the incorporation 
of recent history into the educational curricula of secondary schools in Santiago, Chile, Maria I. Toledo, 
Abraham Magendzo and Renato Gazmuri investigate the teaching and learning process of the subunit 
“Military regime and transition to democracy”. They found that none of the four teaching models used 
to teach History encourage learners to understand the present as a result of a human process and how to 
operate within it. Mark Wilmot and Devika Naidoo’s absorbing article exposes the informal yet effective 
working of power for the perpetuation of discourses of domination in a History lesson on the conquest of 
the Aztecs by the Spanish. They caution that such discourses may subject learners to a form of symbolic 
violence that may lead learners to ontological misrecognition of self and race.

Mark de Vos and Dina Z. Belluigi’s article turns to a key topic – assessment in higher education. They 
examine the tension resulting from criterion-referenced assessment’s (CRA) links to both behaviourism 
and constructivism. They argue that a fully explicit set of CRA is problematic in theory and unyielding in 
practice. They draw on Mediation Theory, and design what they call “an improved CRA system”.

The challenges of addressing the assessment dilemma of additional language learners are the focus 
of an article by MF Omidire, AC Bouwer and JC Jordaan. Results from their study on curriculum-based 
dynamic assessment (CDA) among Grade 8-learners in Nigeria suggest a generally positive influence of 
CDA on participants’ performance.

Drawing on Foucault’s notions of governmentality and Bhabha’s term hybridity, Kyung Eun Jahng 
explores a set of discourses, such as instrumentalism, developmentalism, and cosmopolitanism, pertinent 
to the reproduction of the social conditions and to the constitution of English education in South Korea. 
Jahng concludes that early childhood English education in South Korea has not emerged out of a collective 
neurosis of English fever, but is a discursively constructed product in a particular time space.

Michael Cosser’s article focuses on the misalignment in the South African education pathway 
system. He proposes a new pathway model to address the articulation deficiencies in the present model. 
He concedes that a new model will fail unless there is a dramatic improvement in the schooling sector in 
South Africa.



The last article in this edition, written by Adnan Kucukoglu, examines the opinions of 41 Turkish 
pre-service teachers taking a community service learning course. The findings, based on semi-structured 
interviews, reveal that the majority of pre-service teachers believe that the service learning experience was 
beneficial and that they should be able to make use of the knowledge they gained during the course in their 
social, academic and professional lives.

Corene de Wet