item: #1 of 461 id: polar-1909 author: Barrett, Robert T.; Bakken, Vidar; Krasnov, Juri V. title: The diets of common and Brünnich's guillemots Uria aalge and U. lomvia in the Barents Sea region date: 1997-01-12 words: 8719 flesch: 81 summary: Map of the Barents Sea showing the four colonies where guillemot diet data were collected by the authors (solid circles) and other localities mentioned in the text. This paper presents guillemot chick diet data collected recently at four localities (Finnmark, Murman, Bjplmplya and Spitsbergen) and collates all the data found by the authors in the literature and in the archives of Tromspl Museum, the Norwegian Polar Institute and Kandalaksha State Nature Reserve. keywords: barents; barrett; briinnich; capelin; cod; data; diet; fish; guillemots; polar; sea cache: polar-1909.pdf plain text: polar-1909.txt item: #2 of 461 id: polar-1910 author: Gullestad, Nils; Klemetsen, Anders title: Size, age and spawning frequency of landlocked Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus (L.) in Svartvatnet, Svalbard date: 1997-01-12 words: 4418 flesch: 77 summary: Arctic charr populations at high latitudes tend to spawn at intervals of two years or more (Johnson 1980). Characteristic modes of large fish have been found in several populations in the Arctic regions, including Greenland (Sparholt 1985; Riget et al. 1986), Bjomoya (Klemetsen et al. 1985), Spits- bergen (Svenning & Borgstrom 1995) and Elles- mere Island, Canada (Parker & Johnson 1991; Reist et al. 1995). keywords: age; arctic; charr; fish; johnson; spawning; svartvatn; years cache: polar-1910.pdf plain text: polar-1910.txt item: #3 of 461 id: polar-1911 author: Boertmann, David; Mosbech, Anders title: Breeding distribution and abundance of the great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo carbo in Greenland date: 1997-01-12 words: 4383 flesch: 70 summary: The distribution and size of great cormorant colonies in the Upernavik area. The distribution and size of great cormorant colonies in the Qeqertarsuaq area (Disko Island, small islands to the north and south of Disko Island and Nuussuaq) and the Disko Bugt area (the eastern coast). keywords: 1995; aons; birds; breeding; carbo; colonies; cormorant; fig; great; greenland; pairs; population cache: polar-1911.pdf plain text: polar-1911.txt item: #4 of 461 id: polar-1913 author: Druzhkov, Nikolai V.; Makarevich, Pavel R.; Bardan, Sergei I. title: Sea foam as an object of sea-surface film studies date: 1997-01-12 words: 3322 flesch: 61 summary: Results and discussion The numbers of microplankton presented in Table 1 indicated intense concentrating in sea-surface films and sea foam, a phenomenon well known for Sea foam as an object of sea-sugace film studies 119 Table 1. Sea foam as an object of sea-surface film studies. keywords: films; foam; sea; sea foam; surface; surface films; water cache: polar-1913.pdf plain text: polar-1913.txt item: #5 of 461 id: polar-1915 author: Stempniewicz, L.; Skakuj, M.; Iliszko, L. title: The little auk Alle alle polaris of Franz Josef Land: a comparison with Svalbard Alle a. alle populations date: 1996-01-06 words: 5432 flesch: 78 summary: Skin measurements of Franz Josef Land birds showed intermediate values, presumably d u e t o shrinkage and somewhat different methods of measuring live o r freshly dead birds versus skins, making it difficult t o compare the two kinds of samples. Also, bill length and tarsus length were significantly shorter in Franz Josef Land skins than in those measured in t h e field. keywords: alle; auks; birds; breeding; field; franz; franz josef; josef; josef land; land; length; measurements; spitsbergen; stempniewicz; wing cache: polar-1915.pdf plain text: polar-1915.txt item: #6 of 461 id: polar-1916 author: Volkov, Andrej E.; De Korte, Jacobus title: Distribution and numbers of breeding ivory gulls Pagophila eburnea in Severnaja Zemlja, Russian Arctic date: 1996-01-06 words: 8538 flesch: 85 summary: Chick mortality in ivory gull colonies on Severnaja Zemlja. Reports of ivory gull colonies on the east coast of 0. keywords: arctic; birds; breeding; colonies; colony; gulls; island; ivory; ivory gulls; july; korte; nests; pairs; sea; severnaja; zemlja cache: polar-1916.pdf plain text: polar-1916.txt item: #7 of 461 id: polar-1917 author: Durinck, Jan; Falk, Knud title: The distribution and abundance of seabirds off southwestern Greenland in autumn and winter 1988–1989 date: 1996-01-06 words: 8043 flesch: 74 summary: , Leopold, M.F. & Tasker, M.L. 1995: Important bird areas for seabirds in the North Sea. During winter gyrfalcons were seen up to 50 kilometres offshore in bird rich areas, and on some occasions the falcons were obviously hunting seabirds in areas with plenty of king eiders and Briinnich’s guillemots. keywords: area; birds; density; distribution; fig; greenland; guillemots; ice; km2; nuuk; seabirds; southwestern; survey; waters; west; winter cache: polar-1917.pdf plain text: polar-1917.txt item: #8 of 461 id: polar-1918 author: Makshtas, Alexander P.; Podgorny, Igor A. title: Calculation of melt pond albedos on Arctic sea ice date: 1996-01-06 words: 6540 flesch: 67 summary: We do not attempt to present a definitive parameterisation of pond albedo that could he incorporated into the sea-ice models. Instead, the objectives of this paper are twofold: (1) to increase the understanding of the short-wave radi- ative transfer in melt ponds and (2) to develop a forward model that can be applied in estimating 44 the vertical partitioning of solar energy in a melt pond and underlying ice from measurements of pond albedo and depth. keywords: albedo; ice; layer; melt; pond; radiation; sea; spectral; water cache: polar-1918.pdf plain text: polar-1918.txt item: #9 of 461 id: polar-1919 author: Jania, Jacek; Mochnacki, Dariusz; Gądek, Bogdan title: The thermal structure of Hansbreen, a tidewater glacier in southern Spitsbergen, Svalbard date: 1996-01-06 words: 7467 flesch: 69 summary: Ice temperature measurements were taken from three shallow and five deep (to bedrock) boreholes on Hansbreen, Svalbard, in selected years between 1988 and 1994. Although the general model of the thermal structure of Svalbard glaciers put forward here is not new, the studies reported in this paper provide additional information regarding ice temperatures within a tidewater glacier and emphasise unusual features in their distribution. keywords: cold; depth; fig; glacier; hansbreen; ice; layer; line; measurements; site; spitsbergen; structure; svalbard; temperature; water cache: polar-1919.pdf plain text: polar-1919.txt item: #10 of 461 id: polar-1920 author: Teben'kov, A. M.; Ohta, Y.; Balašov, Ju. A.; Sirotkin, A. N. title: Newtontoppen granitoid rocks, their geology, chemistry and Rb-Sr age date: 1996-01-06 words: 8163 flesch: 74 summary: Introduction Three intrusive bodies of granitoid rocks are known in southern Ny Friesland and northwestern Olav V Land, northeastern Spitsbergen (Fig. 1, inserted map, right). Newtontoppen granitoid rocks, their geology, chemistry and Rb-Sr age 69 bodies being considered to be continuous under the surface (Harland 1959). keywords: age; biotite; body; feldspar; fig; granites; granitoid; granosyenites; grey; melanozomes; newtontoppen; quartz; rocks cache: polar-1920.pdf plain text: polar-1920.txt item: #11 of 461 id: polar-1921 author: Gee, David G.; Teben'kov, Alexander M. title: Two major unconformities beneath the Neoproterozoic Murchisonfjorden Supergroup in the Caledonides of central Nordaustlandet, Svalbard date: 1996-01-06 words: 6094 flesch: 58 summary: However, whereas in western Nordaustlandet Flood et al. (1969) recognised that the sub-Murchisonfjorden rocks composed two major mappable units, the Bren- nevinsfjorden and Kapp Hansteen formations (together comprising their Botniahalvoya Group), in central Nordaustlandet they were unable to distinguish these formations. Svartrabbane Formation volcanic rocks: A . keywords: e e; e n; formation; murchisonfjorden; nordaustlandet; ohta; rocks; supergroup cache: polar-1921.pdf plain text: polar-1921.txt item: #12 of 461 id: polar-1922 author: Brysting, Anne K.; Gabrielsen, Tove M.; Sørlibråten, Ove; Ytrehorn, Oddmund; Brochmann, Christian title: The purple saxifrage, Saxifraga oppositifolia, in Svalbard: two taxa or one? date: 1996-01-12 words: 7657 flesch: 62 summary: The high level of intraspecific variation in arctic plants has important implications for arctic conservation biology. Pre-adaptation of arctic plants to climate change. keywords: arctic; characters; cover; cushion; growth; leaf; length; oppositifolia; pco; plants; pollen; species; variation; vegetation cache: polar-1922.pdf plain text: polar-1922.txt item: #13 of 461 id: polar-1923 author: Barrett, Robert T. title: Egg laying, chick growth and food of kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla at Hopen, Svalbard date: 1996-01-12 words: 4734 flesch: 78 summary: There was no evidence of Hopen chicks reaching a higher asymptotic mass than chicks in more southerly colonies (Table 1) as was suggested for arctic- breeding kittiwakes by Gaston (1988). Despite the fact that no three-egg clutches were found, the mean clutch size of Hopen kittiwakes in 1984 was in the upper range of those found on Hornsya, East Finnmark (0.8-1.9 eggshest in 13 years between 1980-1995, pers. keywords: barrett; breeding; capelin; chicks; eggs; feeding; growth; hopen; kittiwakes; north; rissa; tridactyla cache: polar-1923.pdf plain text: polar-1923.txt item: #14 of 461 id: polar-1924 author: Reeves, Randall R.; Heide-Jørgensen, Mads Peter title: Recent status of bowhead whales, Balaena mysticetus, in the wintering grounds off West Greenland date: 1996-01-12 words: 6153 flesch: 75 summary: Recent status of bowhead whales, Balaena mysticetus, in the wintering grounds off West Greenland RANDALL R. REEVES and MADS PETER HEIDE-JBRGENSEN Reeves, R.R. & Heide-Jergensen, M.P. 1996: Recent status of bowhead whales, Balaena mysticetus, in the wintering grounds off West Greenland. keywords: arctic; bay; bowhead; davis; greenland; heide; reeves; sightings; stock; surveys; west; whales; whaling cache: polar-1924.pdf plain text: polar-1924.txt item: #15 of 461 id: polar-1925 author: Aas, Eyvind; Høkedal, Jo title: Penetration of ultraviolet B, blue and quanta irradiance into Svalbard waters date: 1996-01-12 words: 7648 flesch: 72 summary: Irradiance observations in the Norwegian and Barents Seas. The UV-B irradiance (306 nm) is on average reduced to 10% of its surface value at 5 metres depth, and to 1% at 10 m. Blue irradiance (465 nm) is reduced to 10% at 21 m, and to 1% at 41 m. The integrated quanta irradiance obtains the same reductions at 16 m and 35 m, respectively. keywords: aas; blue; depth; irradiance; observations; quanta; sea; value; waters cache: polar-1925.pdf plain text: polar-1925.txt item: #16 of 461 id: polar-1926 author: Sawagaki, Takanobu; Koaze, Takashi title: Landslides and relict ice margin landforms in Adventdalen, central Spitsbergen, Svalbard date: 1996-01-12 words: 6070 flesch: 67 summary: Regarding other areas where ice margin channels are absent, such Fig. 11. Two characteristic landforms, landslide blocks and drainage channels, were investigated in Adventdalen, central Spitsbergen. keywords: adventdalen; area; block; channels; fig; glacial; ice; landslides; margin; sandstone; svalbard; valley cache: polar-1926.pdf plain text: polar-1926.txt item: #17 of 461 id: polar-1927 author: Balašov, Ju. A.; Peucat, J. J.; Teben'kov, A. M.; Ohta, Y.; Larionov, A. N.; Sirotkin, A. N. title: Additional Rb-Sr and single-grain zircon datings of Caledonian granitoid rocks from Albert I Land, northwest Spitsbergen date: 1996-01-12 words: 6334 flesch: 72 summary: Four main types of granitoid rocks have recently been recognised in this area: (1) con- cordant layers and veins of foliated granitic-aplitic rocks and the neozomes of the migmatites; (2) gneissose granites containing strongly stretched gneiss-quartzite inclusions; (3) unfoliated grey granites, locally discordant to the schists, gneisses and migmatites; and (4) a batholith of massive, pink-coloured granitoid rocks, intruding all three types mentioned above. -The whole rock samples were dissolved in HF and HC104 and residue was dissolved in HCl and put in a column with Dowex 50 x 3 (200-400 mesh) resin. keywords: age; fig; grain; granites; granitoids; grey; hornemantoppen; rocks; sample; zircon cache: polar-1927.pdf plain text: polar-1927.txt item: #18 of 461 id: polar-1928 author: Balašov, Yu. A.; Peucat, J. J.; Teben'kov, A. M.; Ohta, Y.; Larionov, A. N.; Sirotkin, A. N.; Bjornerud, M. title: Rb-Sr whole rock and U-Pb zircon datings of the granitic-gabbroic rocks from the Skålfjellet Subgroup, southwest Spitsbergen date: 1996-01-12 words: 7551 flesch: 70 summary: Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpreta- tion of granitic rocks. These blocks are confined within three layers of metabasic, eruptive rocks (Fig. 1B). keywords: age; blocks; fig; gabbroic; granitic; rocks; sample; subgroup; zircon cache: polar-1928.pdf plain text: polar-1928.txt item: #19 of 461 id: polar-1929 author: Rachold, V.; Alabyan, A.; Hubberten, H.-W.; Korotaev, V. N.; Zaitsev, A. A. title: Sediment transport to the Laptev Sea–hydrology and geochemistry of the Lena River date: 1996-01-12 words: 7560 flesch: 67 summary: Average water discharge data measured at the hydrometeorological station Kjusjur from 1983 to 1985, which represents the typical pattern for the lower Lena River, are presented in Fig. However, only a minor part of the sediments transported by the Lena River enters the Laptev Sea shelf through the main channels of the delta, while the rest is dispersed within the network of the Lena Delta. keywords: basin; data; delta; discharge; fig; lena delta; lena river; rivers; sea; sediment; sediment transport; spm; transport; water; water discharge cache: polar-1929.pdf plain text: polar-1929.txt item: #20 of 461 id: polar-1930 author: Mehlum, Fridtjof; Potapov, Eugene title: Small mammals from the Koren Arctic Expedition to the Kolyma River, northeast Siberia 1914-1918 date: 1995-01-06 words: 9050 flesch: 84 summary: It is highly possible that the flying squirrel could still be found in the larch forests of the Lower Kolyma River. T h e r e a r e two specimens of this shrew present in the collection. keywords: allen; collection; expedition; kolyma; koren; krivoseev; length; m r; mammals; r.k; region; river; species; specimens; tavrovskij cache: polar-1930.pdf plain text: polar-1930.txt item: #21 of 461 id: polar-1931 author: Korsun, S. A.; Pogodina, I. A.; Forman, S. L.; Lubinski, D. J. title: Recent foraminifera in glaciomarine sediments from three arctic fjords of Novaja Zemlja and Svalbard date: 1995-01-06 words: 8239 flesch: 73 summary: T h e r e are broad similarities in the distribution of foraminifera in Nordensheld Bay and the fjords of Svalbard. Hypperammina subnodosa, Pelosina uariabilis are common in muddy Barents Sea sediments and constitute the majority, ca. 9 0 7 ~ . keywords: barents; bay; fig; fjord; foraminifera; glacier; glaciomarine; korsun; nordensheld; novaja; samples; sea; sediments; species; zemlja cache: polar-1931.pdf plain text: polar-1931.txt item: #22 of 461 id: polar-1932 author: Ilyes, Robert R.; Ohta, Yoshihide; Guddingsmo, Jonny title: The Downtonian and Devonian vertebrates of Spitsbergen. XV†. New Heterostracans from the Lower Devonian Red Bay Group, northern Spitsbergen date: 1995-01-06 words: 4470 flesch: 71 summary: The vertebrate stratigraphy of the Lower Devonian (Red Bay Group and Wood Bay Formation) of Spitsbergen. : The Cyatharpids of thc Red Bay Group (Lower Devonian) of Spits- hergen. keywords: bay; blieck; devonian; dorsal; group; heintz; plate; red; shield; species; spitsbergen; vertebrates cache: polar-1932.pdf plain text: polar-1932.txt item: #23 of 461 id: polar-1933 author: Nürnberg, D.; Fütterer, D. K.; Niessen, F.; Nørgaard-Pedersen, N.; Schubert, C. J.; Spielhagen, R. F.; Wahsner, M. title: The depositional environment of the Laptev Sea continental margin: preliminary results from the R/V Polarstern ARK IX-4 cruise date: 1995-01-06 words: 6333 flesch: 67 summary: Continental slope and shelf sediments are typically characterised by magnetic suscepti- bilities of approximately 40-250 x SI. Sediment cores from the upper and middle continental slope exhibit only minor lithological changes. keywords: arctic; continental; core; deposits; depth; fig; glacial; ice; laptev; marine; sea; sediment; shelf; slope; water cache: polar-1933.pdf plain text: polar-1933.txt item: #24 of 461 id: polar-1934 author: Krasil'ščikov, A. A.; Kubanskij, A. P.; Ohta, Y. title: Surface magnetic anomaly study on the eastern part of the Forlandsundet Graben date: 1995-01-06 words: 7972 flesch: 70 summary: High magnetic anomaly segments and zones. 16 = later transverse faults deduced from the bends and sudden terminations of high anomaly segments. keywords: anomaly; eastern; fig; graben; green; h e; high; magnetic; phyllites; rocks; segments; t h; west; western cache: polar-1934.pdf plain text: polar-1934.txt item: #25 of 461 id: polar-1936 author: Tore Haug, Kjell Tormod Nilssen title: Observations of walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) in the southeastern Barents and Pechora seas in February 1993 date: 1995-01-06 words: 1764 flesch: 72 summary: condition and feed- ing habits of Barents Sea harp seals (Phoca groenlandicu). Population assessment of Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmaru L . ) . keywords: barents; february; sea; walruses cache: polar-1936.pdf plain text: polar-1936.txt item: #26 of 461 id: polar-1937 author: Gjertz, Ian title: Reindeer on Prins Karls Forland, Svalbard date: 1995-01-06 words: 1369 flesch: 80 summary: Svalbard reindeer were exterminated on the island of Prins Karls Forland just after the turn of the last century. According to Wollebaek (1926), reindeer were exterminated along the western coasts north of Isfjorden north to Krossfjorden, and on Prins Karls Forland: in addition Lon0 (1959) states that in the Kongsfjorden-Krossfjor- den area this may have been as early as in 1861. keywords: island; karls; prins; reindeer cache: polar-1937.pdf plain text: polar-1937.txt item: #27 of 461 id: polar-1938 author: Ilyes, Robert R. title: Acanthodian scales and worm tubes from the Kapp Kjeldsen Division of the Lower Devonian Wood Bay Formation, Spitsbergen date: 1995-01-06 words: 1221 flesch: 69 summary: Agnathan and Gnathostome fish from the Kapp Kjeldsen Division, the Wood Bay Fm. Acanthodian scales and worm tubes from the Kapp Kjeldsen Division of the Lower Devonian Wood Bay Formation, Spitsbergen. keywords: division; kapp; kjeldsen cache: polar-1938.pdf plain text: polar-1938.txt item: #28 of 461 id: polar-1940 author: Landvik, Jon Y.; Salvigsen, Otto title: The PONAM project in eastern Svalbard date: 1995-01-11 words: 529 flesch: 47 summary: This special issue of Polar Research finalises the publication of the results from eastern Svalbard. O n the basis of the extensive research presented in this volume, we expect it to become a standard reference to the Quaternary development of eastern Svalbard in years to come. keywords: field; svalbard cache: polar-1940.pdf plain text: polar-1940.txt item: #29 of 461 id: polar-1941 author: Landvik, Jon Y.; Hjort, Christian; Mangerud, Jan; Möller, Per; Salvigsen, Otto title: The Quaternary record of eastern Svalbard - an overview date: 1995-01-11 words: 6203 flesch: 83 summary: and subglacially formed flutes ( E h e r h s i ct al. 1993). B o r e a s I.?. keywords: e t; ice; o n; sea cache: polar-1941.pdf plain text: polar-1941.txt item: #30 of 461 id: polar-1943 author: Ingólfsson, Ólafur; Rögnvaldsson, Finnbogi; Bergsten, Helene; Hedenäs, Lars; Lemdahl, Geoffrey; Lirio, Juan M.; Sejrup, Hans Petter title: Late Quaternary glacial and environmental history of Kongsøya, Svalbard date: 1995-01-11 words: 9292 flesch: 76 summary: C. tnhric from unit E at site 15-30A. axis trend NW-SE. as well as a fragment from unit E in section 15- 30A. The younger group. keywords: barents; fig; glacial; hidalen; ice; late; marine; samples; sea; section; site; species; svalbard; unit; weichselian; western cache: polar-1943.pdf plain text: polar-1943.txt item: #31 of 461 id: polar-1947 author: Bennike, Ole; Hedenäs, Lars title: Early Holocene land floras and faunas from Edgeøya, eastern Svalbard date: 1995-01-11 words: 5435 flesch: 73 summary: T h e r e is no safe indi- cation The fossil assemblages are indicative of ecological and climatic conditions similar to those on E d g e ~ y a today. keywords: bennike; early; eastern; hedenas; holocene; land; northern; plants; remains; species; spitsbergen; svalbard cache: polar-1947.pdf plain text: polar-1947.txt item: #32 of 461 id: polar-1949 author: Hjort, Christian; Mangerud, Jan; Adrielsson, Lena; Bondevik, Stein; Landvik, Jon Y.; Salvigsen, Otto title: Radiocarbon dated common mussels Mytilus edulis from eastern Svalbard and the Holocene marine climatic optimum date: 1995-01-11 words: 2708 flesch: 79 summary: R e o . R e o . keywords: hjort; svalbard cache: polar-1949.pdf plain text: polar-1949.txt item: #33 of 461 id: polar-1950 author: Salvigsen, Otto; Slettemark, Øystein title: Past glaciation and sea levels on Bjørnøya, Svalbard date: 1995-01-11 words: 3061 flesch: 77 summary: T h e greatest thickness of ice then probably occurred near the geographical centre of the island. Conclusions Only striae from local glaciers occur on B j B r n ~ y a . keywords: glacial; island; sea; striae cache: polar-1950.pdf plain text: polar-1950.txt item: #34 of 461 id: polar-1951 author: Wohlfarth, Barbara; Lemdahl, Geoffrey; Olsson, Siv; Persson, Thomas; Snowball, Ian; Ising, Jonas; Jones, Viv title: Early Holocene environment on Bjørnøya (Svalbard) inferred from multidisciplinary lake sediment studies date: 1995-01-11 words: 14040 flesch: 75 summary: E h c r h T h r e e dates on sediment samples from Vestre Skinkevatnet (northern part of B j s r n ~ y a ) , obtained on the humic fraction (extracted with 1 % N a O H ) were published by Hyvarinen (1968, 1970) and discussed by Olsson (1968). keywords: + +; brown; clay; cores; gyttja; gyttja clay; h e; lake; layers; magnetic; o n; pollen; r e; r n; s t; sediment; silty; t h; t o; unit cache: polar-1951.pdf plain text: polar-1951.txt item: #35 of 461 id: polar-1952 author: Rasch, Morten; Nielsen, Niels title: Coastal morpho-stratigraphy and Holocene relative sea level changes at Tuapaat, southeastern Disko Island, central West Greenland date: 1995-01-12 words: 7244 flesch: 79 summary: Coastal morpho-stratigraphy and Holocene relative sea level changes at Tuapaat, southeastern Disko Island, central West Greenland MORTEN RASCH and NIELS NIELSEN Rasch. Coastal morpho-stratigraphy and Holocene relative sea level changes at Tuapaat, southeastern Disko Island, central West Greenland. keywords: beach; coastal; disko; holocene; island; level; present; ridge; rsl; sea cache: polar-1952.pdf plain text: polar-1952.txt item: #36 of 461 id: polar-1953 author: Balašov, Ju. A.; Teben'kov, A. M.; Ohta, Y.; Larionov, A. N.; Sirotkin, A. N.; Gannibal, L. F.; Ryungenen, G. I. title: Grenvillian U-Pb zircon ages of quartz porphyry and rhyolite clasts in a metaconglomerate at Vimsodden, southwestern Spitsbergen date: 1995-01-12 words: 6974 flesch: 73 summary: T h e lower part of the Vimsodden Subgroup of Birkenmajer (1992). T h e sampled meta-rhyolite conglomerate unit Grenoillian U-Pb zircon ages of quartz porphyry and rhyolite clasts 293 Legend: 1 Glacier and Quaternary cover 2-4 Sofiebogen Group. keywords: age; clasts; fig; quartz; rhyolite; rocks; samples; zircon cache: polar-1953.pdf plain text: polar-1953.txt item: #37 of 461 id: polar-1954 author: Ohta, Y.; Krasil'šikov, A. A.; Lepvrier, C.; Teben'kov, A. M. title: Northern continuation of Caledonian high-pressure metamorphic rocks in central-western Spitsbergen date: 1995-01-12 words: 7290 flesch: 73 summary: The extent of the high- pressure metamorphic rocks is, therefore, about SO km in a NNW-SSE direction. A , B and C, Dahltoppen (locality D in Fig. 2A) within the basement of southern Sarsbyra; D and E, Tertiary rocks of the Sarsbukta Formation on the river bed in the moraine north of Aavatsmarkbreen (locality S in Fig. 2A). keywords: anomaly; brown; dolostone; et al; fault; fig; graben; green; motalafjella; ohta; pressure; rocks; spitsbergen; tertiary; zones cache: polar-1954.pdf plain text: polar-1954.txt item: #38 of 461 id: polar-1955 author: Fox, Adrian J. title: Using multiple data sources to enhance photogrammetry for mapping Antarctic terrain date: 1995-01-12 words: 6710 flesch: 61 summary: Map area showing control points (1-8) and data sources used for compilation of the map. No consideration was given t o future use as control points for photo- grammetry and aero-triangulation. keywords: area; compilation; control; data; height; map; photography; points; scale; strip; surface cache: polar-1955.pdf plain text: polar-1955.txt item: #39 of 461 id: polar-1956 author: Cruwys, Elizabeth; Davis, Pamela B. title: Moulting juvenile male southern elephant seals Mirounga leonina (L.) at Hannah Point, Walker Bay, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands date: 1995-01-12 words: 3137 flesch: 75 summary: The timing of the moult in southern elephant seals thus varies among populations and age groups. It has been noted that when they first arrive at a beach, southern elephant seals spend some time changing positions until a suitable moulting site (i.e. a location where a number of seals con- gregate) is found (Matthews 1929; Laws 1956; Carrick et al. 1962). keywords: dry; elephant; february; january; laws; moulting; seals; site cache: polar-1956.pdf plain text: polar-1956.txt item: #40 of 461 id: polar-1957 author: Nordøy, Erling Sverre title: Gastroliths in the harp seal Phoca Groenlandica date: 1995-01-12 words: 2207 flesch: 78 summary: An adult harp seal, caught by accident in a gill net during the peak of the seal invasions along the northern coasts of Norway (1986/87), was found to have eaten 2.466 kg of stones with masses up to 265 g. Different theories to why harp seals on occasion deliberately eat stones, with particular emphasis on the hypothesis that these may aid in the physical breakdown of fish flesh and'hard hsh bones, are discussed. Moreover, stomachs of fasting harp seals collected in April at the outlet of the White Sea (n = 150) did not contain gastroliths (personal observation). keywords: fish; gastroliths; harp; phoca; seal; stomach; stones cache: polar-1957.pdf plain text: polar-1957.txt item: #41 of 461 id: polar-1958 author: Ziaja, Wieslaw; Salvigsen, Otto title: Holocene shoreline displacement in southernmost Spitsbergen date: 1995-01-12 words: 1015 flesch: 77 summary: Holocene shoreline displacement in southernmost Spitsbergen. Radiocarbon dates from southernmost Spitsbergen, Svalbard Lab. keywords: level; salvigsen; spitsbergen cache: polar-1958.pdf plain text: polar-1958.txt item: #42 of 461 id: polar-1961 author: Arst, Helgi; Kutser, Tut title: Data processing and interpretation of sea radiance factor measurements date: 1994-01-06 words: 5842 flesch: 58 summary: Two methods for the interpretation of passive optical remote sensing data As mentioned above we use the term “inter- pretation” in the sense of the process of obtaining information about the waterbody on the basis of optical remote sensing data. Water quality study of the Baltic Sea by optical remote sensing methods. keywords: arst; data; measurements; method; oil; remote; sea; sensing; spectra; values; water cache: polar-1961.pdf plain text: polar-1961.txt item: #43 of 461 id: polar-1962 author: Gruzdev, Aleksandr N.; Mokhov, Igor I. title: Analysis of satellite measurements of ozone, nitrous oxide and methane: intra-annual variations in the stratosphere date: 1994-01-06 words: 4932 flesch: 66 summary: Results The latitude-height cross sections of the February ozone mixing ratios (ozone annual cycle is incom- plete with winter data at the southern polar lati- tudes) and the mean square deviation of the ozone annual cycle, correspondingly, can be seen in Fig. Nevertheless, ozone intra-annual variations are generally in agreement with variations of N20 and CH4 in that they reflect the same dynamical processes. keywords: ch4; fig; latitudes; middle; month; ozone; stratosphere cache: polar-1962.pdf plain text: polar-1962.txt item: #44 of 461 id: polar-1964 author: Barber, David G.; LeDrew, Ellsworth F. title: Modeling synthetic aperture radar (SAR) scattering from a seasonally varying snow-covered sea ice volume at 5.3 and 9.25 GHz date: 1994-01-06 words: 11573 flesch: 64 summary: Volume scattering models In modeling the relative scattering cross section (a) from a snow-covered sea ice volume it is important to specify the contribution of volume scattering (a!) The scattering of microwave energy over sea ice is a function of the dielectric properties, surface roughness, and volume inhomogeneities of the snow and sea ice. keywords: angle; dielectric; fig; ghz; ice; incidence; microwave; models; properties; relative; roughness; scattering; sea; sea ice; snow; surface; variable; volume; water cache: polar-1964.pdf plain text: polar-1964.txt item: #45 of 461 id: polar-1965 author: Korsnes, Reinert title: An ice drift series from the Fram Strait January-March 1992 based on ERS-1 SAR data date: 1994-01-06 words: 1716 flesch: 72 summary: A time series of ERS-1 SAR images is used to estimate ice drift in the Fram Strait January-March 1992 (the ERS-1 mission first ice phase). The paper shows examples of estimation of ice drift and divergence from this image time series. keywords: data; drift; ice; image; points; sar cache: polar-1965.pdf plain text: polar-1965.txt item: #46 of 461 id: polar-1966 author: Lefauconnier, Bernard; Hagen, Jon Ove; Rudant, Jean Paul title: Flow speed and calving rate of Kongsbreen glacier, Svalbard, using SPOT images date: 1994-01-06 words: 3118 flesch: 68 summary: Fig. 2 shows some vector plots which are representative of mean velocity values Flow speed and calving rate of Kongsbreen glacier, Svalbard, using SPOT images 61 defined as above. Measurements of surface velocities were made over a one year period in 1964-65 (Pillewizer et al. 1967; Voigt 1969). keywords: calving; fig; flow; glacier; images; profiles; velocity cache: polar-1966.pdf plain text: polar-1966.txt item: #47 of 461 id: polar-1967 author: Løvås, Stig M.; Rubinstein, Irene; Ulstad, Christian title: Weather influence on passive microwave brightness temperatures date: 1994-01-06 words: 5728 flesch: 72 summary: Discussion This paper has presented the basic principals and equations for retrieval of sea ice parameters from spaceborne passive microwave observations and has outlined some of the atmospheric influence on the retrieval of sea ice information. Introduction The remote sensing of sea ice with active and passive microwave sensors has become an indis- pensable tool to the polar research community. keywords: algorithm; april; atmospheric; brightness; data; ice; march; microwave; sea; ssm; temperatures cache: polar-1967.pdf plain text: polar-1967.txt item: #48 of 461 id: polar-1969 author: Haakstad, M.; Kögeler, J. W.; Dahle, S. title: Studies of sea surface temperatures in selected northern Norwegian fjords using Landsat TM data date: 1994-01-06 words: 4275 flesch: 66 summary: Studies of sea surface temperatures in selected northern Norwegian fjords using Landsat TM data M. HAAKSTAD. Studies of sea surface temperatures in selected northern Norwegian fjords using Landsat TM data. keywords: area; data; fig; fjords; march; satellite; sea; surface; temperature; water; wind cache: polar-1969.pdf plain text: polar-1969.txt item: #49 of 461 id: polar-1970 author: Merrick, R. L.; Loughlin, T. R.; Antonelis, G. A.; Hill, R. title: Use of satellite-linked telemetry to study Steller sea lion and northern fur seal foraging date: 1994-01-06 words: 4446 flesch: 75 summary: I I I 50 100 200 Depth (m) Fig. 4. Distrihution of dive duration and temperature for female Steller sea lions 14072 ( B & D , n = 207) and 14080 ( A & C. n = 1216) during March 1992. of fur seals and sea lions, both of whom spend prolonged periods of time at sea in the winter. Use of satellite-linked telemetry to study Steller sea lion and northern fur seal foraging. keywords: animal; class; data; depth; dive; lion; locations; sea; steller; temperature cache: polar-1970.pdf plain text: polar-1970.txt item: #50 of 461 id: polar-1975 author: Haug, Tore; Tormod Nilssen, Kjell; Øien, Nils; Potelov, Vladimir title: Seasonal distribution of harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) in the Barents Sea date: 1994-01-12 words: 5342 flesch: 70 summary: The distributional patterns of Barents Sea harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) throughout the year are presented based o n existing literature and recent Norwegian and Russian field observations. Additionally, infor- mation from available literature on the seasonal distribution of Barents Sea harp seals has been consulted (Wollebaek 1907; Smirnov 1924; keywords: barents; barents sea; coast; harp; harp seals; ice; norwegian; sea; seals; surveys; white cache: polar-1975.pdf plain text: polar-1975.txt item: #51 of 461 id: polar-1976 author: Weslawski, Jan M.; Stempniewicz, Lech; Galaktionov, Kiryl title: Summer diet of seabirds from the Frans Josef Land archipelago, Russian Arctic date: 1994-01-12 words: 5301 flesch: 76 summary: Compared to the study by Dernme (1934) on Frans Josef Land seabirds of the same species, our data are stikingly different. In Frans Josef Land, at the centre of population occurrence (Koszteyn et al. keywords: arctic; feeding; food; frans; ice; items; josef; land; marine; polar; prey; seabirds; svalbard cache: polar-1976.pdf plain text: polar-1976.txt item: #52 of 461 id: polar-1977 author: Anker Pedersen, Søren title: Shrimp trawl catches and stomach contents of redfish, Greenland halibut and starry ray from West Greenland during a 24-hour cycle date: 1994-01-12 words: 6446 flesch: 76 summary: The number of each prey item in Table I. Number, size range, mean size and percent empty stomachs of redfish, Greenland halibut and starry ray stomachs analysed for food by time of collection from the sampling station off West Greenland. Factors in interpreting data obtained by diel sampling of fish stomachs. keywords: feeding; fig; greenland; greenland halibut; halibut; prey; ray; redfish; sampling; shrimp; size; stomachs cache: polar-1977.pdf plain text: polar-1977.txt item: #53 of 461 id: polar-1978 author: Polyak, Leonid; Solheim, Anders title: Late-and postglacial environments in the northern Barents Sea west of Franz Josef Land date: 1994-01-12 words: 6198 flesch: 68 summary: The latter is typical for mid-Holocene sediments elsewhere in the north- ern and eastern Barents Sea at depths <200m (Polyak 1982; Spiridonov et al. 1992). Lubinski, D.. Korsun, S., Forman, S., Miller, G., and Matishov, G. 1994: Was there a Holocene marine optimum in Franz Josef Land, northeastern Barents Sea? keywords: arctic; barents; barents sea; core; et al; fig; franz; josef; land; mud; polyak; sea; trough; victoria; water cache: polar-1978.pdf plain text: polar-1978.txt item: #54 of 461 id: polar-1979 author: Eggertsson, Ólafur title: Driftwood as an indicator of relative changes in the influx of Arctic and Atlantic water into the coastal areas of Svalbard date: 1994-01-12 words: 4366 flesch: 72 summary: Frequency distribution of White Sea driftwood samples of different end years (collected around Isfjorden in 1984, data from Bartholin 6t Hjort (1987)). Frequency distribution of White Sea driftwood samples of different end years (collected around Wijdefjorden in 1991). keywords: arctic; driftwood; fig; isfjorden; mean; pinus; samples; sea; svalbard; tree; white; wijdefjorden cache: polar-1979.pdf plain text: polar-1979.txt item: #55 of 461 id: polar-1980 author: Polyakov, Igorv title: Maintenance of the Arctic Ocean large-scale baroclinic structure by the M2 tide date: 1994-01-12 words: 4866 flesch: 67 summary: The first was a simulation of the level oscillations and 3D currents produced by the M2 tidal wave penetrating into the barotropic Arctic Ocean from the Atlantic Ocean. Further, we have simulated the M2 tidal dynamics in the stratified Arctic Ocean. keywords: arctic; arctic ocean; baroclinic; fig; model; ocean; salinity; vertical cache: polar-1980.pdf plain text: polar-1980.txt item: #56 of 461 id: polar-1981 author: Sywula, Tadeusz; Namiotko, Tadeusz; Sell, Jerzy; Witkowski, Andrzej; Zajaczkowski, Marek title: Crustacean species new to Spitsbergen with notes on the polymorphism and the subfossil preservation of Cytherissa lacustris (G. O. Sars) date: 1994-01-12 words: 1772 flesch: 61 summary: Samples from parthenogenetic populations of C. lacustris showed a complete lack of electrophoretically detectable variability at four enzyme-encoding loci, two of which are highly variable in mainland populations. Hence the statement that the occurrence of C. lacustris on Spitsbergen was absolutely unexpected. keywords: lacustris; lake; populations; species; spitsbergen; sywula cache: polar-1981.pdf plain text: polar-1981.txt item: #57 of 461 id: polar-1982 author: Koivo, Liisa; Seppälä, Matti title: Diatoms from an ice-wedge furrow, Ungava Peninsula, Quebec, Canada date: 1994-01-12 words: 2874 flesch: 75 summary: The first recorded information about living fresh water diatoms on an ice-wedge furrow is presented. Because of the remoteness of the location and the lack of information in the literature about fresh water diatoms in ice-wedge furrows, it was considered worthwhile to identify the species more carefully. keywords: arctic; diatoms; ice; peninsula; sample; seppala; species; ungava; water cache: polar-1982.pdf plain text: polar-1982.txt item: #58 of 461 id: polar-1983 author: Mehlum, F.; Gabrielsen, G. W. title: The diet of High-Arctic seabirds in coastal and ice-covered, pelagic areas near the Svalbard archipelago date: 1993-01-06 words: 12538 flesch: 72 summary: Krill, mainly Thysanoessa inerrnis, were also important prey species in Briinnich’s guillemot , but only in the spring. Length distributions of Parathemisto libellula in samples from different seabird species and seasons are shown in Fig. 10. keywords: amphipods; arctic; areas; birds; black; briinnich; coastal; cod; copepods; diet; guillemot; ice; ice zone; mehlum; pelagic; polar; prey; samples; seabirds; species; spring; summer; svalbard; year; zone cache: polar-1983.pdf plain text: polar-1983.txt item: #59 of 461 id: polar-1984 author: Sømme, Lauritz; Strømme, Alexander; Zachariassen, Karl Erik title: Notes on the ecology and physiology of the Antarctic oribatid mite Maudheimia wilsoni date: 1993-01-06 words: 2846 flesch: 69 summary: The ecology and physiology of the Antarctic oribatid mite Maudheimia wilsoni 23 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 Temperature ('C) Fig. 2. Levels of activityof adult Maudheimia wilsoni at different temperatures, Mean ( 2 S D ) are presented (n = 5). Even in January the mean supercooling point of adult mites was as low as -30.8 2 4.X. Haemolymph osmolality ranged from 500 to 800mOsmol and thermal hystersis freezing points from -4.7 to -6.1C. keywords: antarctic; insects; mites; supercooling; water; wilsoni; zachariassen cache: polar-1984.pdf plain text: polar-1984.txt item: #60 of 461 id: polar-1985 author: Gjertz, Ian; Henriksen, Gunnar; Øritsland, Torger; Wiig, Øystein title: Observations of walruses along the Norwegian coast 1967–1992 date: 1993-01-06 words: 2705 flesch: 73 summary: They suggested that the majority of walruses observed were from the clos- est habitats in the Barents Sea, i.e. Svalbard and the coast of Russia, and that the apparent increase in walrus observations after 1950 (18 of a total of 31 recorded observations) may partially be due to the walrus protection laws passed in Norway in 1952 and in the Soviet Union in 1956. These observations indicate a significant increase in the number of walrus observations in recent years, most likely due to an increase in the walrus population in the Barents Sea area. keywords: coast; comm; institute; marine; norway; norwegian; observations; subadult; tusks; walruses cache: polar-1985.pdf plain text: polar-1985.txt item: #61 of 461 id: polar-1986 author: Stempniewicz, Lech title: The polar bear Ursus maritimus feeding in a seabird colony in Frans Josef Land date: 1993-01-06 words: 2404 flesch: 76 summary: Polar bears also occasionally kill large terrestrial vertebrates, such as muskoxen (Ouibos mosch- atus), reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and even dom- estic animals and humans (Larsen 1978; Smith 1980; 1985; Gjertz & Persen 1987; Uspensky 1989). Moreover, polar bears are both scavengers, feeding on carrion and offal, and cannibals (especially adult males), attacking young, weak and ill specimens (Taylor et al. 1985). keywords: auk; bears; colony; feeding; polar; rock; rubini; spp cache: polar-1986.pdf plain text: polar-1986.txt item: #62 of 461 id: polar-1987 author: Winther, Jan-Gunnar title: Landsat TM derived and in situ summer reflectance of glaciers in Svalbard date: 1993-01-06 words: 10163 flesch: 73 summary: Even small changes in snow reflectance can have a significant effect on the Earth-atmos- phere energy balance (Warren & Wiscombe 1985). Further, off- nadir spectral measurements of snow reflectance are presented and illustrate the anisotropic reflectance properties of snow. keywords: albedo; august; austre; band; fig; glacier; ice; june; measurements; reflectance; satellite; snow; sun; surface cache: polar-1987.pdf plain text: polar-1987.txt item: #63 of 461 id: polar-1988 author: Ronnert, Lars; Landvik, Jon Y. title: Holocene glacial advances and moraine formation at Albrechtbreen, Edgeøya, Svalbard date: 1993-01-06 words: 3763 flesch: 66 summary: However, discussions on the permafrost dis- tribution points to a glacial advance during the first half of the Holocene, while most general paleoclimatic assessments favour an advance after 3,000 B.P. The redeposition of marine sediment in the Little Ice Age Moraine shows that Albrechtbreen had receded beyond its present margin after the deglaciation, probably due to calving during the deglaciation when sea level was 82 m higher than at present. Holocene glacial advances and moraine formation at Albrechtbreen, Edge~ya, Svalbard. keywords: age; albrechtbreen; fig; glacial; glacier; holocene; ice; marine; moraine; svalbard cache: polar-1988.pdf plain text: polar-1988.txt item: #64 of 461 id: polar-1990 author: Strand Ødegård, Rune; Sollid, Johan Ludvig title: Coastal cliff temperatures related to the potential for cryogenic weathering processes, western Spitsbergen, Svalbard date: 1993-01-06 words: 6523 flesch: 67 summary: Coastal cliff temperatures related t o the potential for cryogenic weathering processes, western Spitsbergen, Svalbard. In mid-December the snow depth at the top of the cliff was 0.25 m. From the end of February the cliff-top snow cover stabilized at 0.55-0.65 m Coastal cliff temperatures related to the potential for cryogenic weathering processes 97 Fig. 1 . keywords: cliff; coastal; fig; foot; ground; heat; ice; melt; period; rock; snow; surface; temperatures; winter cache: polar-1990.pdf plain text: polar-1990.txt item: #65 of 461 id: polar-1991 author: Gjertz, Ian; Aarvik, Sissel; Hindrum, Reidar title: Polar bears killed in Svalbard 1987–1992 date: 1993-01-12 words: 1772 flesch: 78 summary: Polar bears killed in Svalbard 1987-1992. Gjertz & Person (1987) reviewed the recorded information on incidences where polar bears had been killed or had injured people in Svalbard from 1973 to 1987. keywords: adult; bears; male; polar; svalbard cache: polar-1991.pdf plain text: polar-1991.txt item: #66 of 461 id: polar-1992 author: Frimer, Ole title: Occurrence and distribution of king eiders Somateria spectabilis and common eiders S. mollissima at Disko, West Greenland date: 1993-01-12 words: 3092 flesch: 71 summary: Based on numbers recorded in the study area in the summer and autumn of the years 1990- 1992, the total autumn populations of king eiders (September) and male common eiders (July- August) at Disko are estimated to be 15,400- 20,100 and 3,2004,800 individuals, respectively (Table 1). Apart from a few counts of king eiders in Aqa- jarua, easternmost Disko (Salomonsen 1967; Boertmann 1979), no systematical ground or aerial surveys of eiders have hitherto been made in the area. keywords: area; august; disko; eiders; july; king; mid cache: polar-1992.pdf plain text: polar-1992.txt item: #67 of 461 id: polar-1993 author: Spaans, Bernard; Stock, Martin; St. Joseph, Andrew; Bergmann, Hans-Heiner; Ebbinge, Barwolt S. title: Breeding biology of dark-bellied brent geese Branta b. bernicla in Taimyr in 1990 in the absence of arctic foxes and under favourable weather conditions date: 1993-01-12 words: 8517 flesch: 75 summary: In the study area 264 nests of breeding brent geese were found, mainly on islands but also along small rivers on the mainland. The left graph indicates the number of migrating brent geese per day in the Lidia Bay area, the right graph indicates the number of incubating females on island 1. Distribution of breeding brent geese over the study area keywords: arctic; area; breeding; brent; feeding; female; fig; geese; incubation; island; lidia; male; nest; number; study; taimyr; time cache: polar-1993.pdf plain text: polar-1993.txt item: #68 of 461 id: polar-1994 author: Etzelmüller, Bernd; Vatne, Geir; Ødegård, Rune S.; Sollid, Johan Ludvig title: Mass balance and changes of surface slope, crevasse and flow pattern of Erikbreen, northern Spitsbergen: an application of a geographical information system (GIS) date: 1993-01-12 words: 7052 flesch: 69 summary: This applies to DEM analysis of digital maps of a glacier body or differential surfaces and standardized analysis of glacier surface changes in time (cf. Finsterwalder 1978; Lipert 1987; Rentsch et al. 1990) and to measure glacier surface flow (cf. Finsterwalder 1931; Voigt 1966, 1967; Melvold 1992). keywords: altitude; area; balance; change; erikbreen; fig; flow; glacier; ice; mass; pattern; slope; surface; velocity cache: polar-1994.pdf plain text: polar-1994.txt item: #69 of 461 id: polar-1995 author: Balashov, Yu. A.; Larionov, A. N.; Gannibal, L. F.; Sirotkin, A. N.; Tebenkov, A. M.; Ryüngenen, G. I.; Ohta, Y. title: An Early Proterozoic U-Pb zircon age from an Eskolabreen Formation gneiss in southern Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen date: 1993-01-12 words: 3714 flesch: 78 summary: yielded zircon single grain ages of ca. Early Proterozoic rocks can naturally be expected. keywords: age; formation; proterozoic; zircon cache: polar-1995.pdf plain text: polar-1995.txt item: #70 of 461 id: polar-1996 author: Dallmann, Winfried K. title: Notes on the stratigraphy, extent and tectonic implications of the Minkinfjellet Basin, Middle Carboniferous of central Spitsbergen date: 1993-01-12 words: 4002 flesch: 64 summary: The mountain Pyramiden with indicated stratigraphic units (E = Ebbadalen Formation; EE = Ebbaelva Mcmbcr; E o = Odellfjellet Member; 0, = red part; o2 = light part; N C = Cadellfjellet Member of Nordcnskioldbreen Formation). Carronelva Member (Figs. 5 , 8 and 9). keywords: basin; beds; carboniferous; ebbadalen; fig; formation; member; minkinfjellet; strata; succession cache: polar-1996.pdf plain text: polar-1996.txt item: #71 of 461 id: polar-2000 author: Goldman, Helle V. title: Polar Research evolves, and Norway and the IPY date: 2007-03-01 words: 2875 flesch: 31 summary: Projects that include the participation of Norwegian Polar Institute researchers other than in a leading role are indicated with an asterisk after the name of the project. Project Norwegian institution either leading the project or leading the Norwegian component of the international consortium The Norwegian Contribution to TASTE-IDEA (Trans-Antarctic Scientific Traverses Expeditions—Ice Divide of East Antarctica): the Norwegian–US IPY Antarctic Traverse Norwegian Polar Institute IAOOS (Integrated Arctic Ocean Observing System)–Norway: Closing the Loop* Norwegian Meteorological Institute Bipolar Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation * Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Bergen Polar Study, Using Aircraft, Remote Sensing, Surface Measurements and Models, of Climate, Chemistry, Aerosols, and Transport Norwegian Institute for Air Research The Dynamic Response of Arctic Glaciers to Global Warming: the Norwegian contribution to GLACIODYN* Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo THORPEX (The Hemispheric Observing System and Predictability Experiment)–IPY: Improved Forecasting of Adverse Weather in the Arctic Region—Present and Future * Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo The Dynamic Continental Margin between the Mid-Atlantic-Ridge System (Mohns Ridge, Knipovich Ridge) and the Bear Island Region NORSAR (Norwegian Seismic Array) Continuous Seismic Reflection Profiling Buoys: a Future Direction for Marine Geophysical Exploration of the Arctic Ocean Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Bergen Permafrost Observatory Project–Thermal State of Permafrost: the Norwegian Contribution University Centre in Svalbard Norwegian Component of Ecosystem Studies of Subarctic and Arctic Regions * Institute of Marine Research PPS Arctic Norway: the Norwegian contribution to PPS Arctic (Present-day Processes, Past Changes, and Spatiotemporal Variability of Biotic, Abiotic and Socio-environmental Conditions and Resource Components along and across the Arctic Delimitation Zone) Norwegian Institute for Nature Research COPOL (Contaminants in Polar Regions: Dynamic Range of Contaminants in Polar Marine Ecosystems) a Norwegian Polar Institute DOC (dissolved organic compound) keywords: arctic; climate; institute; ipy; norwegian; polar; project; research; university cache: polar-2000.pdf plain text: polar-2000.txt item: #72 of 461 id: polar-2001 author: Taurisano, Andrea; Schuler, Thomas V.; Hagen, Jon Ove; Eiken, Trond; Loe, Even; Melvold, Kjetil; Kohler, Jack title: The distribution of snow accumulation across the Austfonna ice cap, Svalbard: direct measurements and modelling date: 2007-03-01 words: 3879 flesch: 53 summary: However, scatter plots of snow thickness data versus elevation across the Austfonna ice cap (Fig. 4a) exhibit two clearly separated branches, which shows that a single elevation gradient is not appropriate to describe the data. We develop a diagnostic model of snow distribution based on these data. keywords: accumulation; austfonna; cap; distribution; ice; snow; thickness cache: polar-2001.pdf plain text: polar-2001.txt item: #73 of 461 id: polar-2002 author: Wangensteen, Bjørn; Eiken, Trond; Ødegård, Rune S.; Sollid, Johan Ludvig title: Measuring coastal cliff retreat in the Kongsfjorden area, Svalbard, using terrestrial photogrammetry date: 2007-03-01 words: 5537 flesch: 63 summary: Two years is too short a time interval for investigating coastal cliff retreat rates. 20072611421Original Articles Coastal cliff retreat in Kongsfjorden, SvalbardB. Wangensteen et al. Measuring coastal cliff retreat in the Kongsfjorden area, Svalbard, using terrestrial photogrammetry Bjørn Wangensteen, 1 Trond Eiken, 1 Rune S. Ødegård 2 & Johan Ludvig Sollid 1 1 Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway 2 Gjøvik University College, Gjøvik, Norway Abstract As part of the international project Arctic Coastal Dynamics, results from two sites for measuring coastal cliff retreat in the Kongsfjorden area in Svalbard (79 ° N, 13 ° E) are presented. keywords: area; cliff; coastal; kongsfjorden; processes; rates; retreat; rock; site; svalbard cache: polar-2002.pdf plain text: polar-2002.txt item: #74 of 461 id: polar-2003 author: Yoshitake, Shinpei; Uchida, Masaki; Koizumi, Hiroshi; Nakatsubo, Takayuki title: Carbon and nitrogen limitation of soil microbial respiration in a High Arctic successional glacier foreland near Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard date: 2007-03-01 words: 6864 flesch: 57 summary: 20072612230Original Articles Carbon and nitrogen limitation of soil microbial respirationS. Yoshitake et al. Carbon and nitrogen limitation of soil microbial respiration in a High Arctic successional glacier foreland near Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard Shinpei Yoshitake, 1 Masaki Uchida, 2 Hiroshi Koizumi 3 & Takayuki Nakatsubo 4 1 Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Japan 2 National Institute of Polar Research, 9-10, Kaga 1-chome, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-851 Japan 3 Institute for Basin Ecosystem Studies, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193 Japan 4 Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 7-1 Kagamiyama 1-chome, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8521 Japan Abstract The hypotheses that carbon and nitrogen availability limit microbial activity, and that the key factors limiting microbes vary along the successional gradient were tested in a High Arctic glacier foreland. In contrast, the respiration rates of soils with the 26 Polar Research 26 (2007) 22 – 30 © 2007 The Authors Carbon and nitrogen limitation of soil microbial respiration S. Yoshitake et al. addition of both carbon and nitrogen (CN + ) increased significantly (Tukey–Kramer test, P < 0.05) after day 5; its highest rate was 3.1 µg CO2–C g−1 h−1. keywords: 2007; addition; arctic; biomass; carbon; et al; microbial; mineral; nitrogen; rate; respiration; site; soil; succession cache: polar-2003.pdf plain text: polar-2003.txt item: #75 of 461 id: polar-2004 author: Glahder, Christian M.; Fox, Anthony D.; O’Connell, Mark; Jespersen, Martin; Madsen, Jesper title: Eastward moult migration of non-breeding pink-footed geese (Anser brachyrhynchus) in Svalbard date: 2007-03-01 words: 4444 flesch: 66 summary: We test the hypothesis that moulting geese, freed from the association with nest sites and young, undertake a moult migration to areas where the delayed thaw offers spring-like feeding conditions away from breeding areas. The signifi- cance of Jameson Land, East Greenland as moulting and breeding area for geese: results of censuses 1982–84. keywords: areas; breeding; geese; migration; moulting; summering; svalbard cache: polar-2004.pdf plain text: polar-2004.txt item: #76 of 461 id: polar-2005 author: Kędra, Monika; Murina, Galena V. title: The sipunculan fauna of Svalbard date: 2007-03-01 words: 6108 flesch: 64 summary: An easy-to- use identification key to Svalbard Sipuncula species is given to aid field researchers in the identification of this often overlooked taxon. An identification key of Svalbard Sipuncula species is given to aid field research- ers in the identification of this often overlooked taxon. keywords: arctic; atlantic; cutler; diaphanes; fauna; murina; ocean; polar; sea; sipuncula; species; svalbard; waters cache: polar-2005.pdf plain text: polar-2005.txt item: #77 of 461 id: polar-2006 author: Wlodarska-Kowalczuk, Maria title: Molluscs in Kongsfjorden (Spitsbergen, Svalbard): a species list and patterns of distribution and diversity date: 2007-03-01 words: 10647 flesch: 54 summary: The majority of mollusc species in Kongsfjorden showed strong preferences towards a single substratum type; only a few (e.g. Hiatella arctica and Mya truncata) were abundant both on soft and hard substrata. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 230, 79–147. Appendix List of mollusc species found in materials collected in Kongsfjorden in 1996–2000. keywords: 2002; 2004; 2005; 2007; arctic; associations; basin; bivalves; data; distribution; diversity; et al; fjord; glacial; kongsfjorden; kowalczuk; marine; molluscs; number; polar; research; samples; sediments; species; spitsbergen; svalbard; variables; wlodarska; yoldiella cache: polar-2006.pdf plain text: polar-2006.txt item: #78 of 461 id: polar-2007 author: Capelotti, P. J.; Van Dyk, Herman; Cailliez, Jean-Claude title: Strange interlude at Virgohamna, Danskøya, Svalbard, 1906: the merkelig mann, the engineer and the spy date: 2007-03-01 words: 7307 flesch: 69 summary: In Wellman’s view, he Figure 1 Walter Wellman in Kristiania (Oslo) in the late spring of 1906. In addi- tion to this enormous load, which required three round trips to and from Tromsø by the Frithjof , Camp Wellman was outfitted with “half a ship-load of provisions; the aeronautic machine and all its appurtenances: dog- sledges, motor-sledges, a steam boiler and engine, tons of gasoline, tools, coal, iron rods, bolts, nails, steel boats, and all the paraphernalia of what a London periodical aptly termed ‘Mr. Wellman’s scientific village in the Arctics’ ” (Wellman 1911: 154). keywords: 2007; airship; capelotti; expedition; hangar; liwentaal; motor; new; north; polar; pole; sledge; svalbard; virgohamna; wellman cache: polar-2007.pdf plain text: polar-2007.txt item: #79 of 461 id: polar-2008 author: Diesen, Jan Anders; Fulton, Neil title: Wellman’s 1906 polar expedition: the subject of numerous newspaper stories and one obscure film date: 2007-03-01 words: 6533 flesch: 65 summary: Towards the end, the article cites a story in a newspaper called The Morning Leader , which gave an overview of the members of the expedition: Mr. Wellman, who has been twice to the Arctic, is the leader, and is assisted by Major Hersey. The film under review shows one of the latter, which has been christened by Mr. Walter Wellman, a “mechanical dog”, being tested on the Norwegian ice fields by the inventor, Major Henry B. Hersey, one of the US Government. keywords: british; capelotti; company; expedition; film; magazine; newspaper; north; norway; pole; spitsbergen; trading; warwick; wellman cache: polar-2008.pdf plain text: polar-2008.txt item: #80 of 461 id: polar-2009 author: Berta, Annalisa; Sumach, James L.; Kovacs, Kit M. title: Marine mammals: evolutionary biology (second edition) date: 2007-03-01 words: 1155 flesch: 53 summary: Marine mammal biology: an evolutionary approach . Berta et al.’s latest addition to this literature is an impressive advancement of their first edition (2003), and is certainly the only major authored work of its kind [the competing texts are all edited works: Reynolds & Rommel’s Biology of marine mammals (1999); Hoelzel’s Marine mammal biology: an evolutionary approach (2002); and Perrin et al.’s Encyclo- pedia of marine mammals (2002)]. keywords: biology; book; mammals; marine cache: polar-2009.pdf plain text: polar-2009.txt item: #81 of 461 id: polar-2010 author: Schytte Blix, Arnoldus title: Arctic animals and their adaptations to life on the edge date: 2007-03-01 words: 709 flesch: 45 summary: Here we also gain many insights into the behaviour of Arctic animals, such as the extensive migrations of reindeer, the complex interactions between musk oxen and predatory wolves, and the building of ice lairs by ringed seals to provide protection from predators and weather. The last portion of the book, taking up almost one-third of the volume, discusses the many and varied physiologi- cal adaptations that allow Arctic animals to cope with life on the edge. keywords: arctic; life; research cache: polar-2010.pdf plain text: polar-2010.txt item: #82 of 461 id: polar-2011 author: Goldman, Helle V. title: Erratum date: 2007-03-01 words: 70 flesch: 76 summary: 1–13) mistakenly referred on page 6 to a 1908 expedition to Svalbard financed by Prince Albert I of Monaco. The Authors Erratum The article by Fuglei & Goldman, ‘Hanna Marie Resvoll-Holmsen: a pioneer in Svalbard’, published in vol. keywords: svalbard cache: polar-2011.pdf plain text: polar-2011.txt item: #83 of 461 id: polar-2012 author: Goldman, Helle V. title: World Environment Day 2007 date: 2007-09-01 words: 613 flesch: 42 summary: The Author 91 From the editor—World Environment Day 2007 doi:10.1111/j.1751-8369.2007.00032.x Commemorated every year on 5 June, World Environ- ment Day (WED) was established by the United Nations in 1972 to help stimulate worldwide awareness of the environment and to enhance political engagement in environmental issues. The seated panel are, from left to right: Igor Tsjestin, Secretary General of the World Wide Fund for Nature in Russia; Sheila Watt Cloutier, former President of the Inuit Circumpolar Conference; Masoumeh Ebtekar, Head of the Centre for Peace and Environment in Iran; Achim Steiner, Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Pro- gramme; Archbishop Desmond Tutu; and Erik Solheim, Norwegian Minis- ter of Development. keywords: conference; environment; world cache: polar-2012.pdf plain text: polar-2012.txt item: #84 of 461 id: polar-2013 author: Skarstein, Frode title: “A cursed affair”—how a Norwegian expedition to Greenland became the USA’s first maritime capture in World War II date: 2007-09-01 words: 8773 flesch: 64 summary: The sixty ton Norwegian steamer BUSKOE, chartered by Norwegian expedition headed by Hallvard DeVold, was boarded by U.S.C.G. cutter NORTHLAND at Mygg- bukta on 12 September. A year into the German occupation of Norway Hoel and Smedal were attempting to influence the Germans into direct action regarding the Greenland issue. keywords: bradley; buskø; coast; devold; east; expedition; fig; german; greenland; hoel; norway; norwegian; polar; radio; simonsen; trappers; war cache: polar-2013.pdf plain text: polar-2013.txt item: #85 of 461 id: polar-2014 author: Bones, Stian title: Norway and past International Polar Years—a historical account date: 2007-09-01 words: 6022 flesch: 56 summary: A L E S S AY Norway and past International Polar Years—a historical account Stian Bones Norwegian Polar Institute, Polar Environmental Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway. A great deal of Norwegian effort had been put into disciplines like meteorology, oceanography and auroral research, with these areas of science becoming the strongholds of Norwegian polar research. keywords: bossekop; expedition; fig; institute; international; ipy; meteorological; norway; norwegian; norwegian polar; observations; polar; research; station; year cache: polar-2014.pdf plain text: polar-2014.txt item: #86 of 461 id: polar-2015 author: Steiner, Achim title: Why “Melting ice” as a topic for the World Environment Day? date: 2007-09-01 words: 2774 flesch: 55 summary: But science is not the sole domain of the natural sci- ences, and one of the themes that I have found myself repeatedly caught up in is the link between the science of what is happening to our natural systems and the other scientific realm of social sciences. World Environment Day is the United Nations Environ- ment Programme’s (UNEP’s) special day, but is also a day for the UN family as a whole and for and on behalf of people all over the world who care about the environment. keywords: day; environment; public; science; world; years cache: polar-2015.pdf plain text: polar-2015.txt item: #87 of 461 id: polar-2016 author: Wookey, Philip A. title: Climate change and biodiversity in the Arctic—Nordic perspectives date: 2007-09-01 words: 4726 flesch: 51 summary: Global change and Arctic ecosystems: is lichen decline a function of increases in vascular plant biomass? Arctic tundra and polar desert ecosystems. keywords: arctic; biodiversity; change; climate; ecosystems; fig; plant; polar; research; species; tundra; warming cache: polar-2016.pdf plain text: polar-2016.txt item: #88 of 461 id: polar-2017 author: Sloth Pedersen, Henning title: Health in the Arctic and climate change date: 2007-09-01 words: 2273 flesch: 64 summary: In Greenland, country food (fish, sea mammals, cari- bou, etc.) represent up to 25% of the diet, with great variations from one settlement to another as well as among individuals. In order to optimize agricultural production so that a sufficient supply of food may be maintained, pesticides are used. keywords: arctic; change; food; people; world cache: polar-2017.pdf plain text: polar-2017.txt item: #89 of 461 id: polar-2018 author: Bäsemann, Hinrich B. title: Melting ice—a personal view of climate change date: 2007-09-01 words: 1007 flesch: 73 summary: I N G I C E — A H O T TO P I C ? Melting ice—a personal view of climate change Hinrich B. Bäsemann Polarfoto, P.O. Box 1141, NO-9261 Tromsø, Norway. Researchers working on summer ice in the Arctic. keywords: arctic; ice; polar; research cache: polar-2018.pdf plain text: polar-2018.txt item: #90 of 461 id: polar-2019 author: Krasnov, Yuri V.; Barrett, Robert T.; Nikolaeva, Natalie G. title: Status of black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla), commonguillemots (Uria aalge) and Brünnich’s guillemots (U. lomvia) in Murman, north-west Russia, and Varanger, north-east Norway date: 2007-09-01 words: 3780 flesch: 67 summary: As a result, it is difficult to determine the scale of any changes in guillemot numbers in Murman, and only at Dvorovaya Bay is the difference between ca. 4000 pairs ( = ca. 7000 individuals) counted in the 1960s (Gerasi- mova 1962) and the 1000 individuals in 2003–2005 (this study) large enough to be convincing of a real decline. 2007262113117Original Article Status of black-legged kittiwakes, common guillemots and Brün- nich’s keywords: barrett; colonies; guillemots; individuals; murman; pairs; population; total cache: polar-2019.pdf plain text: polar-2019.txt item: #91 of 461 id: polar-2020 author: Steen, Harald; Vogedes, Daniel; Broms, Fredrik; Falk-Petersen, Stig; Berge, Jørgen title: Little auks ( Alle alle ) breeding in a High Arctic fjord system: bimodal foraging strategies as a response to poor food quality? date: 2007-09-01 words: 5126 flesch: 68 summary: In good years, long trips should be short and more time should be spent on short foraging trips. So far, studies of little auk foraging behaviour have been focused on birds that can choose to feed in either Arctic or Atlantic water masses, where they can select the energy-rich C. glacialis (Mehlum & Gabrielsen 1993; keywords: alle; auks; breeding; calanus; et al; fjord; foraging; glacialis; hyperboreus; trips cache: polar-2020.pdf plain text: polar-2020.txt item: #92 of 461 id: polar-2021 author: Troncoso, Jesús S.; Aldea, Cristian; Arnaud, Patrick; Ramos, Ana; García, Francisco title: Quantitative analysis of soft-bottom molluscs in the Bellingshausen Sea and around Peter I Island date: 2007-09-01 words: 4912 flesch: 61 summary: Quantitative analysis of soft-bottom molluscs in the Bellingshausen Sea and around Peter I Island Jesús S. Troncoso, 1 Cristian Aldea, 2 Patrick Arnaud, 3 Ana Ramos 4 & Francisco García 5 1 Departamento de Ecología y Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, 36310, Universidad de Vigo, Spain 2 Departamento de Ecología y Biología Animal, Universidad de Vigo, Spain, and Fundación Centro de Estudios del Cuaternario de Fuego-Patagonia y Antártica (CEQUA), Avenida Bulnes 01890 – Casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile 3 Le Jas des Batarins, 04110, Vachères, France 4 IEO Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Cabo Estai, Vigo, Spain 5 Departamento de Sistema Fisicos, Qvimicos y Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain. Abstract Macrobenthic soft-bottom molluscs were sampled in 30 stations located in the Bellingshausen Sea at depths ranging from 90 to 3304 m. keywords: 2006; analysis; bellingshausen; depth; molluscs; n.d; peter; sand; sea; species; stations cache: polar-2021.pdf plain text: polar-2021.txt item: #93 of 461 id: polar-2023 author: Cottier, Finlo R.; Venables, Emily J. title: On the double-diffusive and cabbeling environment of the Arctic Front, West Spitsbergen date: 2007-09-01 words: 5564 flesch: 57 summary: Furthermore, the lens has a temper- ature of >3°C, which is thus consistent with cross-front leakage and the layering of AW with shelf waters as described by Saloranta & Svendsen (2001). Despite the acknowledged importance of the Arctic Front west of Spitsbergen in modifying the communica- tion of the WSC with cooler shelf waters, there are rather few descriptions of it. keywords: arctic; cabbeling; density; fig; mixing; research; shelf; spitsbergen; water; west cache: polar-2023.pdf plain text: polar-2023.txt item: #94 of 461 id: polar-2024 author: MacLachlan, Suzanne E.; Cottier, Finlo R; E. N. Austin, William; Howe, John A. title: The salinity:δ18O water relationship in Kongsfjorden, western Spitsbergen date: 2007-09-01 words: 5264 flesch: 56 summary: External water masses are Atlantic water (AW) and Arctic water (ArW); internal water masses are winter cooled water (WCW) and surface water (SW); water masses of mixed origin are transformed Atlantic water (TAW) and intermediate water (IW). Data points are denoted by open diamonds for surface water, open circles for intermediate depth samples and open triangles for bottom water samples. keywords: data; et al; fig; fjord; ice; kongsfjorden; mixing; research; salinity; water; western cache: polar-2024.pdf plain text: polar-2024.txt item: #95 of 461 id: polar-2025 author: Rasmussen, L. A.; Kohler, J. title: Mass balance of three Svalbard glaciers reconstructed back to 1948 date: 2007-09-01 words: 4819 flesch: 64 summary: por_023.fm 168 Polar Research 26 2007 168 – 174 © 2007 The Authors mussen & J. Kohler Mass balance of three Svalbard glaciers reconstructed back to 1948 L. A. Rasmussen 1 & J. Kohler 2 1 Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA 2 Norwegian Polar Institute, Polar Environmental Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway Abstract A simple model using upper-air meteorological variables in the NCEP-NCAR Reanalysis database is used to model seasonal components of mass balance of three glaciers in Svalbard. Recent variations Although mass balance at the three Svalbard glaciers correlates poorly with the mass balance at glaciers in northern and maritime Norway (Rasmussen, in press), they do share some longer-term characteristics. keywords: balance; brøggerbreen; glaciers; mass; model; rasmussen; svalbard cache: polar-2025.pdf plain text: polar-2025.txt item: #96 of 461 id: polar-2026 author: Dastidar, Prabir G. title: National and institutional productivity and collaboration in Antarctic science: an analysis of 25 years of journal publications (1980–2004) date: 2007-09-01 words: 3690 flesch: 47 summary: The Author 175 R e s e a r c h n o t e National and institutional productivity and collaboration in Antarctic science: an analysis of 25 years of journal publications (1980–2004) Prabir G. Dastidar Ministry of Earth Sciences, Block No. 9 & 12, CGO Complex, Lodi Road, New Delhi 110003, India Abstract Journal publications on Antarctic science were analysed for a period of 25 years (1980–2004) through a set of scientometrics and network analysis tech- niques. The top five institutions in terms of journal publications were the British Antarctic Survey (972 publications), the Alfred Wegener Institute of Polar and Marine Research, Germany (475), the Australian Antarctic Division (312), the University of Tasmania, Australia (305), and the National Aeronautics and Space Adminis- tration, USA (293). keywords: antarctic; countries; journal; publications; research; science; university; usa cache: polar-2026.pdf plain text: polar-2026.txt item: #97 of 461 id: polar-2027 author: Headland, Robert K. title: Changes at Peter I Øy date: 2007-09-01 words: 489 flesch: 66 summary: The Author Correspondence Robert K. Headland, Scott Polar Research Institute, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1ER, UK. During the visit several large boulders dropped from the vertical cliffs, and several large, freshly fallen, ones lay on the beach. keywords: arch; sea cache: polar-2027.pdf plain text: polar-2027.txt item: #98 of 461 id: polar-2028 author: Capelotti, P. J. title: Review of Scott’s last biscuit: the literature of polar exploration, by Sarah Moss date: 2007-09-01 words: 1290 flesch: 60 summary: But like George Bass’ scuba diver trying to learn archaeology, Moss needs to show that she can master the details of polar expedition history before attempting to survey the whole shipwreck. One is tempted to make a similar observation about literary theorists writing polar history while reading this interest- ing volume. keywords: history; moss; polar; scott cache: polar-2028.pdf plain text: polar-2028.txt item: #99 of 461 id: polar-2029 author: Okanagan College, Department of Geography title: Review of The cryosphere and global environmental change, by Olav Slaymaker & Richard E.J. Kelly date: 2007-09-01 words: 1124 flesch: 52 summary: O K R E V I E W Review of The cryosphere and global environmental change , by Olav Slaymaker & Richard E.J. Kelly (2007). How- ever, despite the work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the Arctic Climate Impact Assess- ment, we still know surprisingly little about the impact of global environmental change processes (not just climate change) on the broad range of biophysical and sociocul- tural systems that operate in the cryosphere. keywords: change; cryosphere; slaymaker; systems cache: polar-2029.pdf plain text: polar-2029.txt item: #100 of 461 id: polar-2030 author: Goodwin, Harvey title: Review of Jenter på langs—på ski over Svalbard, by Kristin Folsland Olsen, Vera Simonsson & Ingebjorg Tollefsen date: 2007-09-01 words: 726 flesch: 62 summary: However, because I live in Svalbard and have participated in several ski expeditions (the last one traversed Green- land and was led by a disabled woman who accomplished the journey by sit-ski) I am always interested in reading other people’s experiences of polar expeditions, as they may provide inspiration for a future trip or kindle new dreams. The authors have struck a good balance between describing the challenges they faced during this tough trip and how they got on with the tasks at hand, such as enduring long periods of bad weather, poor visibility and encounters with polar bears, without exaggerating the hardships as many other expedition books tend to do. keywords: book; expedition cache: polar-2030.pdf plain text: polar-2030.txt item: #101 of 461 id: polar-2031 author: Millman, Lawrence title: Review of Boreal ties. Photographs and two diaries of the 1901 Peary Relief Expedition, edited by Kim Fairley Gillis and Silas Hibbard Ayer date: 2007-09-01 words: 973 flesch: 69 summary: Having paid the then not inconsiderable sum of $500 apiece, Clarence Wyckoff and Louis Bement— two affluent young men from New York—joined the 1901 Peary Relief Expedition and sailed north on the steamer Erik , accompanied by, among others, Dr Cook himself. Photographs and two diaries of the 1901 Peary Relief Expedition , edited by Kim Fairley Gillis and Silas Hibbard Ayer III (2002). keywords: peary; wyckoff cache: polar-2031.pdf plain text: polar-2031.txt item: #102 of 461 id: polar-2032 author: Headland, Robert K. title: Review of Due south, by John Kelly date: 2007-09-01 words: 430 flesch: 68 summary: Impressions of Signy Island are con- fined to modern ones gained during the artist’s visit; thus, there is no reference to the Norwegian aspects of its history (neither the derivation of the name from Signy, daughter of the whaling captain Petter Sørlle, nor the graves of five whalers on Factory Bluff, is mentioned). Signy Island is small and so it is possible to see much of it during a long day’s walk. keywords: antarctic; island cache: polar-2032.pdf plain text: polar-2032.txt item: #103 of 461 id: polar-2033 author: Goldman, Helle V. title: Polar Research’s referees date: 2010-01-01 words: 2170 flesch: 41 summary: Ellen Mosley-Thompson, The Ohio State University, USA Ransom A. Myers, Dalhousie University, Canada Adrian Neal, University of Wolverhampton, UK Patrick J. Neale, Smithsonian Institution, USA Marco Nigro, University of Pisa, Italy Carsten Riis Olesen, National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark Brad Page, South Australian Research and 84 Polar Research’s referees Development Institute, Australia Ana Pintado, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain Francesco Regoli, Polytechnic University of Marches-Ancona, Italy Gregory J. Robertson, Canadian Wildlife Service, Canada Martin J. Siegert, University of Bristol, UK Elizabeth Sinclair, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, USA Walter H. F. Smith, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, USA Hans-Ulrich Steeger, University of Muenster, Germany Ron Steel, The University of Texas at Austin, USA Daniel Steinhage, Alfred Wegener Institute, Germany Douglas Stow, San Diego State University, USA Nicholas Tyler, University of Tromsø, Norway Roberto Udisti, University of Florence, Italy Arnoldo Valle-Levinson, University of Florida, USA John van den Hoff, Australian Antarctic Division, Australia Alan P. M. Vaughan, British Antarctic Survey, UK Virginia E. Villafañe, Photobiological Station at Playa Union, Argentina Peter Wadhams, University of Cambridge, UK David Walsh, Naval Research Laboratory, USA Jenny G. Webster-Brown, University of Auckland, New Zealand Meredith Williams, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Peter Winsor, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, USA David Worsley, Rogaland Research Institute, Norway Daqing Yang, University of Alaska Fairbanks, USA Kathy L. Young, York University, Canada Richard E. Young, University of Hawaii, USA Howard Zebker, Stanford University, USA << /ASCII85EncodePages false /AllowTransparency false /AutoPositionEPSFiles true /AutoRotatePages /None /Binding /Left /CalGrayProfile (Dot Gain 10%) /CalRGBProfile (Apple RGB) /CalCMYKProfile (U.S. Sheetfed Coated v2) /sRGBProfile (sRGB IEC61966-2.1) /CannotEmbedFontPolicy /Warning /CompatibilityLevel 2, 1–6. (a) (b) 83Polar Research 25(1), 81–84 Becky Alexander, University of Washington, USA Ole B. Andersen, Danish National Space Center, Denmark Peter G. Appleby, University of Liverpool, UK Steven A. Arcone, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, USA Holger Auel, University of Bremen, Germany Wilfried Bauer, RWTH Aachen University, Germany Martin Beniston, University of Fribourg, Switzerland Matthew Bennett, Bournemouth University, UK Knut Bjørlykke, University of Oslo, Norway Johan Blindheim, Institute of Marine Research, Norway Dierk P. G. Blomeier, Norwegian Polar Institute, Norway Corey J. A. Bradshaw, Charles Darwin University, Australia Keith Brander, International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, Denmark Howard I. Browman, Institute of Marine Research, Norway Iain B Campbell, Land and Soil Consultancy Services, New Zealand Alex J. Cannon, Meteorological Service of Canada, Canada Hanne H. Christiansen, The University Centre in Svalbard, Norway Andrew Davidson, Australian Antarctic Division, Australia Daniel Delille, National Center of Scientifi c Research, France Julian Dowdeswell, Scott Polar Research Institute, UK Dennis G. Dye, Frontier Research Center for Global Change, Japan Henning Dypvik, University of Oslo, Norway Bernd Etzelmüller, University of Oslo, Norway Julian B. Fischer, US Fish and Wildlife Service, USA I. V. Florinsky, Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology, Russia Giles M. Foody, University of Southampton, UK Steven L. Forman, University of Illinois, USA Jean-Marc Fromentin, French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea, France Robert Gilbert, Queen’s University, Canada Philip A. Gillibrand, Scottish Association for Marine Science, UK John Gjelberg, Hydro Research Centre, Norway William Gould, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Puerto Rico Viktor Gouretski, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Germany T. G. Allan Green, Waikato University, New Zealand keywords: canada; institute; norway; peer; polar; referees; research; review; university; usa cache: polar-2033.pdf plain text: polar-2033.txt item: #104 of 461 id: polar-2037 author: Uchida, Masaki; Nakatsubo, Takayuki; Kanda, Hiroshi; Koizumi, Hiroshi title: Estimation of the annual primary production of the lichen Cetrariella delisei in a glacier foreland in the High Arctic, Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard date: 2006-01-01 words: 7930 flesch: 66 summary: Long- term monitoring and/or estimations are therefore needed to understand lichen production in polar ecosystems. Effects of changes in temperature on net pri- mary production To clarify the effects of increasing temperature on lichen production, we estimated the poten- tial production of C. delisei during the snow-free season. keywords: arctic; content; delisei; kappen; lichen; net; photosynthetic; production; temperature; thallus; water cache: polar-2037.pdf plain text: polar-2037.txt item: #105 of 461 id: polar-2040 author: Arlov, Thor B. title: Review of Innocents in the Arctic. The 1951 Spitsbergen Expedition, by Colin Bull date: 2010-01-01 words: 1457 flesch: 62 summary: Luck- ily, Colin Bull is a good writer and editor, but it is relevant to question whether the audience for this kind of book might be rather narrow. There is also a list of publications from this and related expeditions and a very adequate index. keywords: arctic; book; expedition; science cache: polar-2040.pdf plain text: polar-2040.txt item: #106 of 461 id: polar-2041 author: Gerland, Sebastian title: Review of Polarfahrer—Im Banne der Arktis, by Theodor Lerner, edited by Frank Berger date: 2010-01-01 words: 1158 flesch: 64 summary: 78 Book reviews certain areas on Bjørnøya as the personal prop- erty of himself and of his friend Kapitän Rüdiger. Hjalmar Johansen (1998), Nansen’s partner in the famous sledge journey during the Fram expedi- tion in 1895, described overwintering with Lerner in a hut at Kap Boheman, on the northern shore of Isfjorden, Spitsbergen, in terms that contrast so sharply with Polarfahrer that one might think that Lerner and Johansen were describing two entirely different events. The cabin in which Lerner and Hjalmar Johansen overwintered at Kap Boheman. keywords: book; lerner; polarfahrer; spitsbergen cache: polar-2041.pdf plain text: polar-2041.txt item: #107 of 461 id: polar-2043 author: Sund, Monica title: A surge of Skobreen, Svalbard date: 2006-06-01 words: 4799 flesch: 68 summary: An inter- val of 30 (Lefauconnier & Hagen 1991) to 500 years (Dowdes well et al. 1991) has been suggest- ed as the duration period of the quiescent phase for Svalbard glaciers, depending in part on the rate of snow accumulation (Dowdes well et al. 1995). Svalbard glacier study. keywords: crevassing; glacier; paulabreen; photographs; skobreen; surge; svalbard cache: polar-2043.pdf plain text: polar-2043.txt item: #108 of 461 id: polar-2044 author: Blake, Jr. title: Occurrence of the Mytilus edulis complex on Nordaustlandet, Svalbard: radiocarbon ages and climatic implications date: 2006-06-01 words: 11600 flesch: 73 summary: In 1958 abundant fragments of Mytilus shells were discovered by the writer and R. Bergström, members of the Swedish Glaciological Expe- dition to Nordaustlandet, on the ground sur- face (in raised beach gravels and sorted circles) inland from Detterbukta and north-east of Lang- grunnodden, the westernmost point of Nordaust- landet. The age determinations on Mytilus shells from north-western Nordaustlandet show that this pelecypod lived north of the 80th parallel for much of the fi rst half of Holocene time. keywords: 14c; age; arctic; blake; edulis; greenland; holocene; mytilus; nordaustlandet; north; polar; radiocarbon; salvigsen; shells; spitsbergen; svalbard; west cache: polar-2044.pdf plain text: polar-2044.txt item: #109 of 461 id: polar-2045 author: Carlini, Alejandro R.; Daneri, Gustavo A.; Casaux, Ricardo; Márquez, María E. I. title: Haul-out pattern of itinerant male Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) at Laurie Island, South Orkney Islands date: 2006-06-01 words: 3729 flesch: 74 summary: Page, B., Welling, A., Chambellant, M., Goldsworthy, S. D., Dorr, T. & Van Veen, R. 2003: Population status and breed- ing season chronology of Herd Island fur seals. Availability of krill is a critical factor in determining breeding locations, since fur seals depend on rich localized food resources, especially during lactation (Costa 1991). keywords: antarctic; fur; island; numbers; seals cache: polar-2045.pdf plain text: polar-2045.txt item: #110 of 461 id: polar-2049 author: Kovacs, Kit M. title: Review of Otto Fabricius and the seals of Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland: Bioscience 55, by Finn O. Kapel date: 2010-01-01 words: 5534 flesch: 60 summary: At the uttermost ends of the Earth: The physiology of polar fi shes, edited by Antho- ny P. Farrell & John F. Steffensen (2005). The pioneering physiolo- gists of the early 20th century had quickly rec- ognized that teleost fi shes with their dilute blood would have real problems in the cold waters of the polar regions, and when Johan Ruud collected the fi rst scientifi c specimens of an icefi sh he was able to confi rm that there really did exist a group of polar fi shes with no blood pigment. keywords: arctic; book; chapter; fabricius; greenland; north; north pole; polar; pole; research; rst; seals cache: polar-2049.pdf plain text: polar-2049.txt item: #111 of 461 id: polar-2050 author: Lefauconnier, Bernard title: Review of Le monde polaire, mutations et transitions, under the direction of Marie-Françoise André date: 2010-01-01 words: 5534 flesch: 60 summary: At the uttermost ends of the Earth: The physiology of polar fi shes, edited by Antho- ny P. Farrell & John F. Steffensen (2005). The pioneering physiolo- gists of the early 20th century had quickly rec- ognized that teleost fi shes with their dilute blood would have real problems in the cold waters of the polar regions, and when Johan Ruud collected the fi rst scientifi c specimens of an icefi sh he was able to confi rm that there really did exist a group of polar fi shes with no blood pigment. keywords: arctic; book; chapter; fabricius; greenland; north; north pole; polar; pole; research; rst; seals cache: polar-2050.pdf plain text: polar-2050.txt item: #112 of 461 id: polar-2051 author: Arlov, Thor B. title: Review of The North Pole, by Kathan Brown date: 2010-01-01 words: 5534 flesch: 60 summary: At the uttermost ends of the Earth: The physiology of polar fi shes, edited by Antho- ny P. Farrell & John F. Steffensen (2005). The pioneering physiolo- gists of the early 20th century had quickly rec- ognized that teleost fi shes with their dilute blood would have real problems in the cold waters of the polar regions, and when Johan Ruud collected the fi rst scientifi c specimens of an icefi sh he was able to confi rm that there really did exist a group of polar fi shes with no blood pigment. keywords: arctic; book; chapter; fabricius; greenland; north; north pole; polar; pole; research; rst; seals cache: polar-2051.pdf plain text: polar-2051.txt item: #113 of 461 id: polar-2052 author: Clarke, Andrew title: At the uttermost ends of the Earth: The physiology of polar fishes, edited by Anthony P. Farrell & John F. Steffensen date: 2010-01-01 words: 5534 flesch: 60 summary: At the uttermost ends of the Earth: The physiology of polar fi shes, edited by Antho- ny P. Farrell & John F. Steffensen (2005). The pioneering physiolo- gists of the early 20th century had quickly rec- ognized that teleost fi shes with their dilute blood would have real problems in the cold waters of the polar regions, and when Johan Ruud collected the fi rst scientifi c specimens of an icefi sh he was able to confi rm that there really did exist a group of polar fi shes with no blood pigment. keywords: arctic; book; chapter; fabricius; greenland; north; north pole; polar; pole; research; rst; seals cache: polar-2052.pdf plain text: polar-2052.txt item: #114 of 461 id: polar-2053 author: Goldman, Helle V. title: Review of The North Pole was here: puzzles and perils at the top of the world, by Andrew C. Revkin date: 2010-01-01 words: 5534 flesch: 60 summary: At the uttermost ends of the Earth: The physiology of polar fi shes, edited by Antho- ny P. Farrell & John F. Steffensen (2005). The pioneering physiolo- gists of the early 20th century had quickly rec- ognized that teleost fi shes with their dilute blood would have real problems in the cold waters of the polar regions, and when Johan Ruud collected the fi rst scientifi c specimens of an icefi sh he was able to confi rm that there really did exist a group of polar fi shes with no blood pigment. keywords: arctic; book; chapter; fabricius; greenland; north; north pole; polar; pole; research; rst; seals cache: polar-2053.pdf plain text: polar-2053.txt item: #115 of 461 id: polar-2054 author: Goldman, Helle V. title: Erratum date: 2010-01-01 words: 642 flesch: 33 summary: Meetings25(2).indd 189Polar Research 25(2) Upcoming meetings North Atlantic Climate and Ecosystems: A Cur- rent Threat? 11–12 September 2006 Reykjavik, Iceland www.hafro.is/symposium Session on Alpine and Arctic Biodiversity and Ecology, 36th Annual Conference of the Eco- logical Society of Germany, Switzerland, and Austria 11–15 September 2006 Bremen, Germany www.gfoe-bremen-2006.de/ 2006 Alaska Park Science Symposium 12–14 September 2006 Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska, USA www.nps.gov/akso/Symposium International Glaciological Society British Branch Annual Meeting 13–14 September 2006 Keele, UK www.esci.keele.ac.uk/igs2006 36th Annual Northwest Glaciology Meeting 15–16 September 2006 Fairbanks, Alaska, USA www.northwestglaciology.org Session on Interface Processes between the Ocean, Atmosphere, Sea Ice, and Snow in Polar Re gions, Joint IGAC/CACGP/WMO Symposium 17–23 September 2006 Cape Town, South Africa www.atmosphericinterfaces2006.co.za/ International Ice Drilling Technology Workshop 17–23 September 2006 Sheperdstown, West Virginia, USA www.idt-workshop.unh.edu Workshop on the Uses of Photography to Detect Change in the Cryosphere 18–22 September 2006 Juneau, Alaska www.earthslot.org/photoworkshop/ Workshop for Polar Earth Observing Network for the International Polar Year 4–6 October 2006 Dresden, Germany www.geo.tu-dresden.de/ipg/polenet Alpine Snow Workshop 5–6 October 2006 Munich, Germany www.alpinesnowworkshop.org/ Continues next page Erratum The article by M. Uchida et al. in Polar Research 25(1), “Estimation of the annual primary produc- tion of the lichen Cetrariella delisei in a glacier foreland in the High Arctic, Ny-Ålesund, Sval- bard” (pp. 39–49), included a misplaced refer- ence to Smith & Gremmen (2001) in the last para- graph of page 47. The correct citation is to: Cooper, E. J., Smith, F. M. & Wookey, P. A. 2001: Increased rainfall ameliorates the nega- tive effect of trampling on the growth of High Arctic forage lichens. keywords: /qfactor; september cache: polar-2054.pdf plain text: polar-2054.txt item: #116 of 461 id: polar-2058 author: Kekonen, Teija; Moore, John; Perämäki, Paavo; Martma, Tõnu title: The Icelandic Laki volcanic tephra layer in the Lomonosovfonna ice core, Svalbard date: 2005-07-01 words: 4938 flesch: 67 summary: ECM anal- yses of Greenland ice cores (Clausen et al. 1997) indicate that the fallout from the Laki eruption lasted 1.0 and 1.6 years there. The method requires only the mean amplitude of the acidity of the Laki peak in Greenland ice cores, and produces an excess optical depth of 0.8 ± 0.4. keywords: core; eruption; et al; ice; laki; particles; tephra; thordarson; volcanic cache: polar-2058.pdf plain text: polar-2058.txt item: #117 of 461 id: polar-2063 author: Ratkova, Tatjana N.; Wassmann, Paul title: Sea ice algae in the White and Barents seas: composition and origin date: 2005-07-01 words: 11393 flesch: 71 summary: Sea ice is inhabited by diverse communities, including bacteria, algae, protists and metazoans (e.g. Melnikov 1997). Sea ice: an introduction to the physics, chemistry, biology and geology. keywords: 2001; ab m; abundance; algae; barents; barents sea; cleve; column; diatoms; grunow; ice; ice algae; sea; sea ice; species; tab; water; white sea cache: polar-2063.pdf plain text: polar-2063.txt item: #118 of 461 id: polar-2080 author: Chaulk, Keith G.; Robertson, Gregory J.; Montevecchi, William A. title: Regional and annual variability in common eider nesting ecology in Labrador date: 2004-12-01 words: 5749 flesch: 65 summary: Common eider clutch size is infl u- enced by female body condition, food availabil- ity, disease, body parasites, severity of winter, timing of spring, predation and nest parasitism (Rohwer 1992, Erikstad, Bustnes et al. 1993). Island sizes were derived from digital 1:50000 base maps for the Labrador coast. keywords: archipelago; breeding; clutch; common; egg; eider; islands; nest; size; year cache: polar-2080.pdf plain text: polar-2080.txt item: #119 of 461 id: polar-2081 author: Larter, Nicholas C.; Nagy, John A. title: Seasonal changes in the composition of the diets of Peary caribou and muskoxen on Banks Island date: 2004-12-01 words: 6937 flesch: 66 summary: The Renkonen index of percent similarity between the monthly diets of muskox and caribou in high muskox density areas. However, there was sub- stantial overlap between the summer (June - Au- gust) diet of caribou and the fall diet (September and October) of muskox and between the July diet of muskox and the February, March and June diet of caribou (Table 1). keywords: arctic; areas; banks; caribou; density; diet; forage; island; larter; muskoxen; nagy; willow cache: polar-2081.pdf plain text: polar-2081.txt item: #120 of 461 id: polar-2082 author: De Domenico, Maria; Lo Giudice, Angelina; Michaud, Luigi; Saitta, Marcello; Bruni, Vivia title: Diesel oil and PCB-degrading psychrotrophic bacteria isolated from Antarctic seawaters (Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea) date: 2004-12-01 words: 4482 flesch: 57 summary: As expected for psychrotrophs, diesel oil biodegradation was slower at 4 °C than at 20 °C. Based on the preliminary screening, two isolates (B11 and B15) with high capacity to degrade diesel oil were selected and their biodeg- radation effi ciency was quantifi ed by gas chromatographic analysis. keywords: antarctic; bacteria; biodegradation; diesel; oil; strains cache: polar-2082.pdf plain text: polar-2082.txt item: #121 of 461 id: polar-2086 author: Perrin, William F. title: Review of Marine Mammals of Svalbard, by K. M. Kovacs, I. Gjertz & C. Lydersen date: 2010-01-01 words: 1754 flesch: 59 summary: As of last summer, tourists and tour guides have a new way of fi nding answers to their ques- tions about Svalbard’s fauna: Kovacs et al. Marine Mammals of Svalbard. Review of Marine mammals of Svalbard, by K. M. Kovacs, I. Gjertz & C. Lydersen Olle Melander The Swedish Tourist Authority, Box 860, SE–101 37 Stockholm, Sweden. keywords: book; mammals; marine; svalbard cache: polar-2086.pdf plain text: polar-2086.txt item: #122 of 461 id: polar-2087 author: Melander, Olle title: Review of Marine mammals of Svalbard, by K. M. Kovacs, I. Gjertz & C. Lydersen date: 2010-01-01 words: 1994 flesch: 63 summary: Review of Marine mammals of Svalbard, by K. M. Kovacs, I. Gjertz & C. Lydersen Olle Melander The Swedish Tourist Authority, Box 860, SE–101 37 Stockholm, Sweden. This intriguing, albeit sometimes diffi cult and frustrating, book seeks to answer these ques- tions by focusing on the idea of region-building, deploying the methods of social constructivism, and making liberal use of discourse analysis. keywords: book; mammals; marine; svalbard cache: polar-2087.pdf plain text: polar-2087.txt item: #123 of 461 id: polar-2088 author: Young, Oran R. title: Review of Negotiating the Arctic:The Construction of an International Region, by E. C. H. Keskitalo date: 2010-01-01 words: 2540 flesch: 59 summary: Far from achieving consen- sus regarding the framing of issues on the Arctic agenda, those active in arenas like the AC and the NF still tend to talk past each other in extolling the relative merits of environmental protection and sustainable development as conceptual lenses for the analysis of Arctic issues. What is more, par- ticipants in these processes are often struck by the diffi culty Canada has in arriving at a national con- sensus regarding Arctic issues, much less induc- ing others to buy into Canadian ways of thinking in this realm. keywords: arctic; canada; cooperation; issues; keskitalo; region cache: polar-2088.pdf plain text: polar-2088.txt item: #124 of 461 id: polar-2093 author: Divine, Dmitry; Korsnes, Reinert; Makshtas, Alexander title: Variability and climate sensitivity of fast ice extent in the north-eastern Kara Sea date: 2003-01-06 words: 4659 flesch: 68 summary: The most extensive stretch of fast ice is observed in the north-eastern Kara Sea, where numerous islands and shallow banks prevent the ice from moving; fast ice extent in this area can attain hundreds of kilometres (Zubov 1945; Timokhov 1994; Borodachev 1998). It is also believed that regions of fast ice and quasi-stationary polynyas are signifi cant for Variability and climate sensitivity of fast ice extent in the north-eastern Kara Sea Dmitry Divine, Reinert Korsnes & Alexander Makshtas keywords: april; area; extent; fast; ice; kara; march; north; sea; wind cache: polar-2093.pdf plain text: polar-2093.txt item: #125 of 461 id: polar-2094 author: Voss, Stefan; Heygster, Georg; Ezraty, Robert title: Improving sea ice type discrimination by the simultaneous use of SSM/I and scatterometer data date: 2003-01-06 words: 5001 flesch: 66 summary: It should be noted, however, that other authors have used temporal information of passive microwave measurements to detect thaw–freeze events, e.g. the onset of melt over sea ice (Smith 1998). In this study, using routine meteorological infor- mation, it is shown how and why melt–refreezing events, enhanced by rain, alter the normal micro- wave signature of sea ice. keywords: area; data; event; fig; ice; microwave; sea cache: polar-2094.pdf plain text: polar-2094.txt item: #126 of 461 id: polar-2101 author: Fichefet, Thierry; Goosse, Hugues; Morales Maqueda, Miguel Angel title: A hindcast simulation of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice variability, 1955-2001 date: 2003-01-06 words: 4838 flesch: 70 summary: This suggests a decline in the area covered by sea ice of some 25 %. We stress that this simulation did not include the potential con- tribution from the hydrological cycle variability to the changes of sea ice on inter annual or longer time scales. keywords: antarctic; arctic; area; data; ice; km2; model; sea; variability cache: polar-2101.pdf plain text: polar-2101.txt item: #127 of 461 id: polar-2102 author: Houssais, Marie-Noëlle; Herbaut, Christophe title: Variability of the ice export through Fram Strait in 1993–98: the winter 1994/95 anomaly date: 2003-01-06 words: 5017 flesch: 62 summary: Fram Strait ice fl uxes and atmospheric circula- tion: 1950–2000. Fram Strait ice export variability during 1993–98 Figure 1a shows the mean annual cycle of the ice volume transport through Fram Strait as estimat- ed from 9-day averages of the model transport. keywords: anomalies; anomaly; export; fram; fram strait; ice; ice thickness; model; strait; thickness cache: polar-2102.pdf plain text: polar-2102.txt item: #128 of 461 id: polar-2103 author: Førland, Eirik J.; Hanssen-Bauer, Inger title: Past and future climate variations in the Norwegian Arctic: overview and novel analyses date: 2003-01-12 words: 7063 flesch: 55 summary: During the 20th century an increase in annual precipitation has been observed at higher northern latitudes (Hulme 1995; Dai et al. 1997). Annual precipitation (Fig. 3) has increased sub- stantially during the 20th century at most of the stations in the Norwegian Arctic. keywords: airport; arctic; bauer; climate; hanssen; jan; mayen; norwegian; precipitation; snow; stations; svalbard; temperature cache: polar-2103.pdf plain text: polar-2103.txt item: #129 of 461 id: polar-2106 author: Killingtveit, Ånund; Pettersson, Lars-Evan; Sand, Knut title: Water balance investigations in Svalbard date: 2003-01-12 words: 9053 flesch: 59 summary: So far, the results from the water balance stud- ies carried out in Svalbard have not been evalu- ated against water balance studies from other regions of the Arctic. Runoff computed from water balance com- pares well with observed runoff, and average error in water balance is less than ± 30 mm/year in all three catchments. Å. Killingtveit, Dept. of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway, aanund.killingtveit@bygg.ntnu.no; L.-E. Pettersson, Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate, Box 5091 Majorstua, NO-0301 Oslo, Norway; K. Sand, Statkraft Grøner AS, Box 331, NO-7403 Trondheim, Norway. keywords: balance; bayelva; catchments; data; evaporation; measurements; precipitation; runoff; snow; svalbard; water; water balance; year cache: polar-2106.pdf plain text: polar-2106.txt item: #130 of 461 id: polar-2109 author: Thorarinsdóttir, Gudrun G.; Gunnarsson, Karl title: Reproductive cycles of Mytilus edulis L. on the west and east coasts of Iceland date: 2003-01-12 words: 4330 flesch: 62 summary: , 217–223 Reproductive cycles of Mytilus edulis L. on the west and east coasts of Iceland Gudrun G. Thorarinsdóttir & Karl Gunnarsson Studies evaluating the reproductive pattern of Mytilus edulis L. were conducted in western and eastern Iceland at two sites at about the same latitude but with different temperature regimes. Furthermore, the gametogenic cycle and spawning time are 218 Reproductive cycles of Mytilus edulis L., Iceland considered in relation to temperature and food availability as refl ected in concentrations of chlo- rophyll-a (Chl-a). keywords: breidifjördur; edulis; fig; iceland; july; mjoifjördur; mytilus; spawning cache: polar-2109.pdf plain text: polar-2109.txt item: #131 of 461 id: polar-2110 author: Kumpula, Jouko; Colpaert, Alfred title: Effects of weather and snow conditions on reproduction and survival of semi-domesticated reindeer (R. t. tarandus) date: 2003-01-12 words: 6213 flesch: 68 summary: Helle, T. & Tarvainen, L. 1984: Effects of insect harassment on weight gain and survival of reindeer calves. Pastures calf production and carcass weights of reindeer calves in the Oraniemi co- operative, Finnish Lapland. keywords: area; calf; conditions; density; reindeer; snow; survival; weather; winter cache: polar-2110.pdf plain text: polar-2110.txt item: #132 of 461 id: polar-2112 author: Ohta, Yoshihide; Larionov, Alexander N.; Tebenkov, Alexander M. title: Single-grain zircon dating of the metamorphic and granitic rocks from the Biscayarhalvøya-Holtedahlfonna zone, north-west Spitsbergen date: 2003-01-12 words: 11205 flesch: 70 summary: A notably high proportion of dated zircon grains are in this age range, similar to the same charac- teristics of the NBH and north-western Spitsber- gen gneissose migmatites (Fig 6) (Balašov et al. 1996b; Ohta et al. 2002). The Grenvillian zircon grains show a low degree of abrasion, suggesting a single depositional process and relatively short transport, while the grains with older ages are strongly abraded. keywords: age; ages; et al; fig; gee; grains; mya; north; ohta; rocks; rounded; spitsbergen; unit; west; zircon cache: polar-2112.pdf plain text: polar-2112.txt item: #133 of 461 id: polar-2113 author: Smedsrud, Lars H. title: Formation of turbid ice during autumn freeze-up in the Kara Sea date: 2003-01-12 words: 13133 flesch: 73 summary: At the the surface, and in the upper layer, ice concentration decreases. The vertical model represents each area and during 48 h a surface slush ice cover is formed with ice concentrations typically in the range 100 - 200 g/l. keywords: area; depth; frazil; ice; irs; kara; layer; sea; sea ice; sediment; spm; surface; water cache: polar-2113.pdf plain text: polar-2113.txt item: #134 of 461 id: polar-2116 author: Engelskjøn, Torstein; Lund, Leidulf; Greve Alsos, Inger title: Twenty of the most thermophilous vascular plant species in Svalbard and their conservation state date: 2003-01-12 words: 13390 flesch: 67 summary: Svalbard plants are tetraploid with 2n = 52 (Flovik 1940; Engelskjøn 1979) and monoecious. A catalogue of Svalbard plants, fungi, algae, and cyanobacteria. keywords: alsos; arctic; bjørnøya; carex; colesdalen; distribution; elvebakk; engelskjøn; et al; fig; greenland; land; nathorst; ora; plants; populations; ranunculus; salix; species; spitsbergen; ssp; svalbard; trom; vascular cache: polar-2116.pdf plain text: polar-2116.txt item: #135 of 461 id: polar-2117 author: Khim, Boo-Keun; Yoon, Ho Il title: Postglacial marine environmental changes in Maxwell Bay, King George Island, West Antarctica date: 2003-01-12 words: 7639 flesch: 59 summary: Results Chronology of core sediments Because we did not collect box cores for pre- cise age determination of surfi cial sediments, the core-top ages of each gravity core are estimated by the extrapolation of the regressions based on the measured 14C ages (Table 2). X- radiographs of core sediments clearly identify the distinct textural contrast of the two litholog- ic units (Fig. 4). keywords: a10; antarctic; bay; core; et al; fig; george; ice; island; king; marine; maxwell; sediments; toc; water cache: polar-2117.pdf plain text: polar-2117.txt item: #136 of 461 id: polar-2120 author: Zeeberg, Jaap Jan; Forman, Steven L.; Polyak, Leonid title: Glacier extent in a Novaya Zemlya fjord during the “Little Ice Age” inferred from glaciomarine sediment records date: 2003-01-12 words: 4854 flesch: 63 summary: Cores 23 and 24 were sampled at 1 cm intervals, and core 22 at 2 cm intervals because of expect- ed increase of accumulation rates with proxim- Fig. Fine silt and clay (Wentworth scale: fractions < 16 µm) predominate in each core, comprising 80 - 90 % of core 24 (the most distal core), and 70 - 90 % in cores 22 and 23 (Fig. 3). keywords: age; century; core; fig; fjord; glacier; ice; ip98; novaya; russkaya; sediment; zemlya cache: polar-2120.pdf plain text: polar-2120.txt item: #137 of 461 id: polar-2121 author: Laptikhovsky, Vladimir; Arkhipkin, Alexander title: The reproductive features of a mature female of the deep sea planktonic squid Galiteuthis glacialis (Cephalopoda: Cranchiidae) from the Southern Ocean date: 2003-01-12 words: 1296 flesch: 71 summary: Mature females of G. glacialis with sper- matophores embedded in their mantles have been caught twice between 800 and 1800 m depth (McSweeny 1978; Mature females of this species have not been described yet. keywords: female; nesis; oocytes cache: polar-2121.pdf plain text: polar-2121.txt item: #138 of 461 id: polar-2122 author: Mallory, Mark L.; Gilchrist, H. Grant title: Marine birds breeding in Penny Strait and Queens Channel, Nunavut, Canada date: 2003-01-12 words: 3260 flesch: 67 summary: During Marine birds breeding in Penny Strait and Queens Channel, Nunavut, Canada Mark L. Mallory & H. Grant Gilchrist Surveys of breeding birds on small islands in Penny Strait and Queens Channel, Nunavut Territory, Canada, were conducted in July 2002 and 2003. The island supported the highest diversity and abundance of breeding birds among all islands surveyed, with many birds associated with the scattered fresh- water ponds. keywords: arctic; birds; breeding; gulls; islands; species; strait cache: polar-2122.pdf plain text: polar-2122.txt item: #139 of 461 id: polar-2130 author: Vazquez, Susana C.; Mac Cormack, Walter P. title: Effect of isolation temperature on the characteristics of extracellular proteases produced by Antarctic bacteria date: 2002-01-06 words: 5922 flesch: 60 summary: The lowest apparent optimum temperature for protease activity found in culture supernatants was 40 °C. 55, 767–770. Suhartono, M. T., Satiawihardja, B., Widjaja, I. P. N. & Han- doko, T. W. T. 1997: Characterization of protease enzyme produced from Bacillus pumilus Y1 isolated from liquid tofu waste. keywords: activity; antarctic; bacteria; p95; p96; proteases; strains; temperature cache: polar-2130.pdf plain text: polar-2130.txt item: #140 of 461 id: polar-2145 author: Larsen, Gudrun; Eiríksson, Jón; Knudsen, Karen Luise; Heinemeier, Jan title: Correlation of late Holocene terrestrial and marine tephra markers, north Iceland: implications for reservoir age changes date: 2002-01-12 words: 5803 flesch: 73 summary: Soil sections with tephra layers at six localities in north Iceland (Figs. 2, 3) provide detailed land- based tephrochronology for comparison with the mar ine records. Tephra layers rele vant to this study are labelled with source (volcanic syst em) and eruption year. keywords: age; core; hekla; iceland; layers; md992275; north; radiocarbon; tephra; years cache: polar-2145.pdf plain text: polar-2145.txt item: #141 of 461 id: polar-2157 author: Meinke, Pia G.; M. O. Kapel, Christian; Arctander, Peter title: Genetic differentiation of populations of Greenlandic Arctic fox date: 2001-01-06 words: 6185 flesch: 64 summary: The aim of the present study was to delineate the genetic relationships of four Arctic fox popu- lations and the two colour morphs of Arctic fox in Greenland. Population structure Distinct geographically differences in the compo- sition of the parasitic helminth fauna of Arctic fox in Greenland have been found (Kapel et al. 1996; Kapel & Nansen 1996). keywords: air; arctic; base; differentiation; estimates; foxes; loci; population; table; thule; white cache: polar-2157.pdf plain text: polar-2157.txt item: #142 of 461 id: polar-2158 author: Robertson, Gregory J.; Reed, Austin; Gilchrist, H. Grant title: Clutch, egg and body size variation among common eiders breeding in Hudson Bay, Canada date: 2001-01-06 words: 6298 flesch: 69 summary: As Hudson Bay common eiders do not undergo extensive migrations, they may have more energy reserves avail- able to them for egg production. As a subspe- cies, Hudson Bay common eiders are poorly defined and not well studied (Snyder 1941; Free- man 1970; keywords: bay; breeding; clutch; common; eastern; egg; eiders; hudson; hudson bay; populations; size cache: polar-2158.pdf plain text: polar-2158.txt item: #143 of 461 id: polar-2160 author: Christensen, Kim Diget; Falk, Knud title: Status of the common eider breeding in the municipality of Avanersuaq (Thule), north-west Greenland date: 2001-01-06 words: 3926 flesch: 69 summary: Common eiders make a depression in the ground for their nest, which is first lined with plant materials and then with down (Cramp 1977). The 16 islands with evidence of breeding common eiders contained a total of about 3800 nests (Table 1). keywords: avanersuaq; breeding; colonies; colony; eider; greenland; islands; nests; population; survey cache: polar-2160.pdf plain text: polar-2160.txt item: #144 of 461 id: polar-2161 author: Criscuolo, Francois; Gauthier-Clerc, Michel; Le Maho, Yvon; Gabrielsen, Geir W. title: Brood patch temperature during provocation of incubating common eiders in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard date: 2001-01-06 words: 2675 flesch: 61 summary: During the females’ absence from the nest, the eggs were covered with down and grass to avoid nest predation and egg cooling (egg temperatures were not meas- ured during the study). Research Note 116 Brood patch temperature during provocation of incubating common eiders Although respiration and heart rate data have been recorded during provocation of incubating common eiders in Svalbard, less is known about the effect on body temperature of incubating eiders. keywords: brood; eiders; gabrielsen; patch; temperature cache: polar-2161.pdf plain text: polar-2161.txt item: #145 of 461 id: polar-2162 author: Schander, Christoffer title: Review of Studies on some Arctic and Baltic Astarte species (Bivalvia, Mollusca) by G. Høpner Petersen date: 2001-01-06 words: 1418 flesch: 68 summary: Astarte species lack a planktonic larval stage, which is correlated with a large egg size (e.g. Ockelmann 1965). new species from the Baltic. keywords: astarte; petersen; species cache: polar-2162.pdf plain text: polar-2162.txt item: #146 of 461 id: polar-2163 author: Goldman, Helle V.; Orheim, Olav title: Preface date: 2001-01-12 words: 796 flesch: 52 summary: While former Minister Bjerke’s speech adopts a political perspective on climate change in the north, Profes- sor Munk—one of Sverdrup’s early students—offers uniquely personal glimpses into Harald Ulrik Sverdrup’s life. Predicting future climate change is one of the major challenges for human society at present. keywords: climate; ocean; polar cache: polar-2163.pdf plain text: polar-2163.txt item: #147 of 461 id: polar-2164 author: Bjerke, Siri title: 75 years evolution in our climate research date: 2001-01-12 words: 951 flesch: 55 summary: We need long-time series of climate parameters in order to document changes in climate and explain their causes. Because climate change is an issue that cannot be more international, only by joining forces can we effectively confront this development. keywords: climate; time; years cache: polar-2164.pdf plain text: polar-2164.txt item: #148 of 461 id: polar-2168 author: Pavlov, Vladimir K. title: Seasonal and long-term sea level variability in the marginal seas of the Arctic Ocean date: 2001-01-12 words: 4312 flesch: 68 summary: Polar Research 20(2), 153–160 Seasonal and long-term sea level variability in the marginal seas of the Arctic Ocean Vladimir K. Pavlov One of the parameters useful for monitoring large-scale climate variabil- ity in the Arctic Ocean is sea level. Sea level has a significant annual cycle with an average sea- sonal amplitude (from peak to peak) in the coastal zone of the Arctic seas on the order of 20 - 30 cm. keywords: arctic; kara; sea; sea level; seas; siberian; stations; variability cache: polar-2168.pdf plain text: polar-2168.txt item: #149 of 461 id: polar-2170 author: Østerhus, Svein; Turrell, William R.; Hansen, Bogi; Lundberg, Peter; Buch, Erik title: Observed transport estimates between the North Atlantic and the Arctic Mediterranean in the Iceland–Scotland region date: 2001-01-12 words: 3794 flesch: 62 summary: Using the results from the Nordic WOCE system it has been possible to interpret historical observations from Ocean Weather Ship Station M and conclude that the flux of the Faroe Bank Channel overflow decreased in magnitude from 1950 to 2000. Combining the flux estimates of Atlantic inflow and Faroe Bank Channel overflow from the Nordic WOCE system with estimates made by others in other areas, a consistent water balance for the Arctic Mediterranean may be established (Fig. 6). keywords: arctic; atlantic; channel; faroe; fig; inflow; overflow; water cache: polar-2170.pdf plain text: polar-2170.txt item: #150 of 461 id: polar-2171 author: Saloranta, Tuomo M.; Svendsen, Harald title: Across the Arctic front west of Spitsbergen: high-resolution CTD sections from 1998–2000 date: 2001-01-12 words: 4761 flesch: 69 summary: As there is no clear subsurface density front asso- ciated with the TS front, we can, however, as a “first order” approximation neglect processes connected to density fronts, such as baroclinic front adjustment and baroclinic instability. This subsur- face Arctic TS front seems to be confined near the shelf break and extends down near to the bottom. keywords: arctic; shelf; slope; spitsbergen; surface; west cache: polar-2171.pdf plain text: polar-2171.txt item: #151 of 461 id: polar-2172 author: Mikhalevsky, Peter N.; Gavrilov, Alexander N. title: Acoustic thermometry in the Arctic Ocean date: 2001-01-12 words: 4727 flesch: 60 summary: A cabled-to-shore undersea mooring system of Arctic Ocean observatories is needed to provide real-time year-round observations using conventional as well as acoustic remote sensing tech- niques. 186 Acoustic thermometry in the Arctic Ocean Acoustic propagation in the Arctic Ocean The efficiency of acoustic thermometry in the Arctic Ocean follows from the unique character- istics of sound propagation in the Arctic under- water acoustic channel. keywords: acoustic; arctic; arctic ocean; atlantic; ice; layer; ocean; path; temperature; time; travel cache: polar-2172.pdf plain text: polar-2172.txt item: #152 of 461 id: polar-2173 author: Falck, Eva title: Contribution of waters of Atlantic and Pacific origin in the Northeast Water Polynya date: 2001-01-12 words: 4098 flesch: 69 summary: This modified Bering Sea Water is therefore what in this work is called Pacific Water. They also showed that during 1991–94 the presence of Pacific Water (Bering Sea Water) in the upper halocline of the Lincoln Sea increased signifi- cantly. keywords: atlantic; belgica; greenland; pacific; polynya; trough; water cache: polar-2173.pdf plain text: polar-2173.txt item: #153 of 461 id: polar-2175 author: O’Dwyer, Jane; Kasajima, Yoshie; Nøst, Ole Anders title: North Atlantic Water in the Barents Sea Opening, 1997 to 1999 date: 2001-01-12 words: 4024 flesch: 66 summary: The deepest is Bjørnøyrenna, in the south, with a maximum depth of nearly 500 m. The water entering Bjørn- øyrenna can flow across the entire Barents Sea without encountering topography shallower than 200 m; this is the main inflow path for NAW. There is no significant trend in NAW transport during the short observation period (Fig. 6c). keywords: barents; bjørnøyrenna; fig; naw; salinity; sea; variability; water cache: polar-2175.pdf plain text: polar-2175.txt item: #154 of 461 id: polar-2176 author: Fahrbach, Eberhard; Meincke, Jens; Østerhus, Svein; Rohardt, Gerd; Schauer, Ursula; Tverberg, Vigdis; Verduin, Jennifer title: Direct measurements of volume transports through Fram Strait date: 2001-01-12 words: 4711 flesch: 60 summary: Current meter moorings were deployed in Fram Strait from September 1997 to September 1999 in the framework of the EU MAST III Variability of Exchanges in the Northern Seas pro- gramme. We calculated annual or biannual averages on the basis of monthly transport estimates to cap- ture the transport variability. keywords: current; fram; september; strait; time; transport cache: polar-2176.pdf plain text: polar-2176.txt item: #155 of 461 id: polar-2177 author: Anderson, Leif G.; Kaltin, Staffan title: Carbon fluxes in the Arctic Ocean—potential impact by climate change date: 2001-01-12 words: 4599 flesch: 64 summary: However, this water will spend a significant time in open water in the Barents Sea before entering the ice covered central Arctic Ocean. The potential annual uptake of atmospheric CO2 by different processes in the deep central Arctic Ocean. keywords: arctic; arctic ocean; carbon; co2; ice; ocean; potential; sea; water cache: polar-2177.pdf plain text: polar-2177.txt item: #156 of 461 id: polar-2178 author: Piechura, Jan; Beszczynska-Möller, Agnieszka; Osinski, Robert title: Volume, heat and salt transport by the West Spitsbergen Current date: 2001-01-12 words: 4236 flesch: 73 summary: Measured by vessel-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler (VM-ADCP), the net northward transport of AW volume in the upper 136 m layer decreased from nearly 6 Sv at the southernmost transect to below 1 Sv at a latitude of 78° 50’ N. Similarly, heat transport drops from about 173 TW to about 9 TW and relative salt transport (over 34.92 psu) from 980 × 103 kg/sec to 14 × 103 kg/sec. ADCP measured transport across transects. keywords: adcp; current; heat; salt; sea; sec; transport cache: polar-2178.pdf plain text: polar-2178.txt item: #157 of 461 id: polar-2180 author: Goldman, Helle V.; Forbes, Bruce; Kofinas, Gary title: Preface date: 2000-01-02 words: 832 flesch: 46 summary: This set of papers is introduced by Kofinas et al. with an account of the interdisciplinary research planning process undertaken in Rovaniemi and the research plan for human-Rangifer studies that comes from the workshop. The papers by Danell and Russell et al., like those by Reimers et al., Krupnik, Klein and Turi, suggest research priorities, with Danell and Russell et al. offering novel approaches for achieving them. keywords: research; workshop cache: polar-2180.pdf plain text: polar-2180.txt item: #158 of 461 id: polar-2181 author: Baskin, Leonid M. title: Reindeer husbandry/hunting in Russia in the past, present and future date: 2000-01-02 words: 4247 flesch: 66 summary: Reindeer husbandry/hunting in Russia in the past, present and future Leonid M. Baskin The dynamic state of reindeer husbandry in northern Russia during the 20th century was studied as a basis for predicting the consequences of the current drastic changes taking place there. Similar forms and methods of reindeer husbandry were used with different frequencies and effectiveness throughout the century. keywords: animals; areas; baskin; chukotka; farms; herders; herds; hunting; husbandry; kola; peninsula; reindeer; state; tundra cache: polar-2181.pdf plain text: polar-2181.txt item: #159 of 461 id: polar-2184 author: Krupnik, Igor title: Reindeer pastoralism in modern Siberia: research and survival during the time of crash date: 2000-01-02 words: 5726 flesch: 59 summary: Recent indigenous revival in Siberia followed by the collapse of the centralized state economy in 199 1-92 has, surprisingly, opened opportunities for more diversity in native reindeer herding systems, at least in certain areas. And second, every local survey has to address (at least, implicitly) a critical moral question: is there any place or a strategy for Siberian reindeer herders of today to turn to in search of economic and cultural survival? keywords: arctic; cultural; herders; herding; klokov; krupnik; native; new; nomadic; north; peoples; reindeer; russian; siberia; soviet; state; subsistence cache: polar-2184.pdf plain text: polar-2184.txt item: #160 of 461 id: polar-2186 author: Wolfe, Scott A.; Griffith, Brad; Gray Wolfe, Carrie A. title: Response of reindeer and caribou to human activities date: 2000-01-02 words: 8648 flesch: 63 summary: Mean densities of calving caribou were 2-18 times higher outside the primary development area of the Prudhoe Bay oil field, Alaska (Whitten & Cameron 1985). Effects of petroleum development on terrain preferences of calving caribou. keywords: alaska; arctic; calving; cameron; caribou; development; disturbance; effects; et al; human; murphy; population; reindeer; roads cache: polar-2186.pdf plain text: polar-2186.txt item: #161 of 461 id: polar-2187 author: Reimers, Eigil; Flydal, Kjetil; Stenseth, Rune title: High voltage transmission lines and their effect on reindeer: a research programme in progress date: 2000-01-02 words: 5359 flesch: 59 summary: It is also related to the fact that nothing is known about hearing in reindeer (or any other deer species in Norway) in relation to transmission line noise, which is considered an obstacle for migrating reindeer. Under climatic conditions favouring transmission line noise, animals may avoid the line corridor (Ellis et al. 1978; Lee & Griffith 1978). keywords: animals; behaviour; effects; fields; hearing; heffner; lines; noise; power; reindeer; study; transmission; transmission lines; voltage cache: polar-2187.pdf plain text: polar-2187.txt item: #162 of 461 id: polar-2188 author: Aastrup, Peter title: Responses of West Greenland caribou to the approach of humans on foot date: 2000-01-02 words: 4686 flesch: 62 summary: Each of the variables of fright threshold distance, flight threshold distance and run distance were analysed in one model by a GLM procedure (SAS 1989) for the effects of the following parameters: season, locality, group type, group size, wind direction, insect harassment, vegetation type, topography and interactions. Fright threshold distance (m) for seasons and for single individuals and groups (both sexes and populations). keywords: akia; calving; caribou; curiosity; distance; greenland; groups; hunting; population; study; threshold cache: polar-2188.pdf plain text: polar-2188.txt item: #163 of 461 id: polar-2189 author: Klein, David R. title: Arctic grazing systems and industrial development: can we minimize conflicts? date: 2000-01-02 words: 5842 flesch: 48 summary: Learning from existing and proposed development projects Although large-scale development projects in the Arctic and sub-Arctic have been few in contrast to those at lower latitudes, there are several through- out the circum-Arctic region that have directly or indirectly influenced Arctic grazing systems, and from which much can be learned. We can conclude that it is possible to minimize conflicts between industrial development and Arctic grazing systems by using the experience gained from past development projects to avoid Klein 2000: keywords: alaska; arctic; areas; caribou; development; effects; fish; grazing; impacts; mining; oil; project; reindeer; systems cache: polar-2189.pdf plain text: polar-2189.txt item: #164 of 461 id: polar-2190 author: Lee, Susan E.; Press, Malcolm C.; Lee, John A.; Ingold, Tim; Kurttila, Terhi title: Regional effects of climate change on reindeer: a case study of the Muotkatunturi region in Finnish Lapland date: 2000-01-02 words: 4853 flesch: 68 summary: Climate data for Lapland, northern Finland, and Karasjok, northern Norway, are examined, together with reindeer calf numbers for the period 1977 to 1994 for the Muotkatunturi region (68N 2530'E). This paper has highlighted the effects of autumn and winter temperatures and precipitation on the number of reindeer calves. keywords: calves; climate; data; number; precipitation; reindeer; temperature; winter cache: polar-2190.pdf plain text: polar-2190.txt item: #165 of 461 id: polar-2191 author: Kryazhimskii, Feodor V.; Danilov, Alexey N. title: Reindeer in tundra ecosystems: the challenges of understanding system complexity date: 2000-01-02 words: 2793 flesch: 60 summary: Sustainable use of reindeer pastures, which are natural tundra ecosystems, should take into account interactions within the whole complex of key components. Prospects for further studies It follows from the above that there is an urgent need to study tundra reindeer pastures as compo- nents of whole ecosystems. keywords: ecosystems; grazing; pastures; plant; reindeer; rodents; studies; tundra; vegetation cache: polar-2191.pdf plain text: polar-2191.txt item: #166 of 461 id: polar-2203 author: Ohta, Yoshihide; Lepvrier, Claude; Thiedig, Friedhelm title: Devonian–Carboniferous slivers within the basement area of north-east Oscar II Land, Spitsbergen date: 2000-01-12 words: 6128 flesch: 68 summary: North-west Sitnonsenfjellet tilitic ,,hyllites can be inferred, since the inferred - - The southern boundary fault of Locality 4A fault is the northern extension of faults at extends to the north-west along the northern slope Localities 4A and 4B. 222 Devonian-Carboniferous slivers within the basement area of north-east Oscar I1 Land Loculity 5. South-western Trotidheimfiellu Several subvertical, westerly dipping steep faults bound sandy-shaly phyllites with thin marble layers of the Trondheimfjella Formation against thick marbles of the structurally overlying Moe- fjellet Formation around the westernmost peak, Domkyrkja of Trondheimfjella. keywords: basement; carboniferous; east; fault; fig; formation; group; north; phyllites; rocks; south; spitsbergen; west; western cache: polar-2203.pdf plain text: polar-2203.txt item: #167 of 461 id: polar-2205 author: Kim, Hyeoncheol; IK Lee, Jong; Young Chose, Moon; Cho, Moonsup; Zheng, Xiangshen; Sang, Haiquing; Qiu, Ji title: Geochronologic evidence for Early Cretaceous volcanic activity on Barton Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica date: 2000-01-12 words: 6720 flesch: 78 summary: Apparent ages were corrected for mass discrimination, interference of K and Ca to Ar isotope, and Ar radioactive decay. Geochronologic evidence for Early Cretaceous volcanic activity on Barton Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica Hyeoncheol Kim, Jong Ik Lee, Moon Young Choe, Moonsup Cho, Xiangshen Zheng, Haiqing Sang & Ji Qiu Ages of six volcanic and plutonic rocks on Barton Peninsula, King George Island, were determined using “Ar/39Ar and K-Ar isotopic systems. keywords: ages; antarctica; barton; george; island; king; peninsula; rocks; shetland; south; volcanic cache: polar-2205.pdf plain text: polar-2205.txt item: #168 of 461 id: polar-2206 author: Exo, Klaus-Michael; Becker, Pete H.; Sommer, Ute title: Organochlorine and mercury concentrations in eggs of grey plovers (Pluviulis squuturola) breeding in the Lena Delta, north-east Siberia, 1997 date: 2000-01-12 words: 3940 flesch: 77 summary: The results of grey plover egg contamination are in line with pollutant studies in the neighbouring T u h k 2. A comparison with eggs from other wader species breeding in northern N o w a y and along the German Wadden Sea coast from the mid-1990s, reveals (Table 2 ) that the levels were on the same order of magnitude except for CPCB concentra- tions being much lower in grey plover eggs, and about ten-fold higher CHCH levels consisting of 98% of /&HCH. keywords: arctic; becker; delta; eggs; et al; hch; lena; pcb; sea cache: polar-2206.pdf plain text: polar-2206.txt item: #169 of 461 id: polar-2208 author: Andesson, Torbjörn title: Raised beach deposits and new 14C ages from Picepynten, Prins Karls Forland, Western Svalbard date: 2000-01-12 words: 1866 flesch: 75 summary: The study is part of a project on the late Quaternary history of Prins Karls Forland, western Svalbard. ice sheet expanded on a broad front out to the continental shelf edge, 50-100 km off the present west coast, and that only some of the > 1000 m as1 mountain peaks on Prins Karls Forland could have remained ice-free. keywords: beach; forland; forman; karls; prins; svalbard cache: polar-2208.pdf plain text: polar-2208.txt item: #170 of 461 id: polar-2212 author: Polyakov, Igor V.; Yu. Doronin, Nikolay title: A diagnostic study of the Arctic Ocean winter density-driven circulation in 1973–79 date: 1999-01-06 words: 4700 flesch: 64 summary: According to Aagaard, thermohaline currents are the main component of Arctic Ocean subsurface circulation, and their intensity is comparable to that of the thermohaline currents in the Greenland Sea. The com- puted density driven circulation during these years was in one way or another anomalous. keywords: arctic; circulation; currents; density; ice; model; ocean; salinity; sea; surface; vectors; winter cache: polar-2212.pdf plain text: polar-2212.txt item: #171 of 461 id: polar-2213 author: Houmark-Nielsen, Michael; Funder, Svend title: Pleistocene stratigraphy of Kongsfjordhallet, Spitsbergen, Svalbard date: 1999-01-06 words: 6310 flesch: 66 summary: Late Weichselian glaciation was local, and 40 M . and that stratigraphic evidence for later glaciation was missing. keywords: fig; fiord; glacial; glaciation; ice; kongsfjordhallet; marine; sand; shell; spitsbergen; unit; weichselian cache: polar-2213.pdf plain text: polar-2213.txt item: #172 of 461 id: polar-2216 author: Grodzińska, Krystyna; Godzik, Barbara; Bieńkowski, Piotr title: Cladina stellaris (Opiz) Brodo as a bioindicator of atmospheric deposition on the Kola Peninsula, Russia date: 1999-01-06 words: 3208 flesch: 81 summary: The influence of air pollution on forest ecosystems i n Pechenganickel region of Kola Peninsula. Aeriul pollution in Kola Peninsula. keywords: kola; metals; peninsula; sites cache: polar-2216.pdf plain text: polar-2216.txt item: #173 of 461 id: polar-2217 author: Orheim, Olav; Valborg Goldman, Helle title: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Polar Aspects of Global Change date: 1999-01-12 words: 788 flesch: 46 summary: Kotl y akov) Thiede) Olav Orheim, Director, Norwegian Polar Institute Helle Valborg Goldman, Editor-in-Chief, Polar Research 114 Preface: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Polar Aspects of Global Change Co-sponsors were the European Polar Board, the Nordic Council for Polar Research, the University of Tromsg, the Commission for Scientific Research in Greenland, the International Glaciological Society, the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP)/the Arctic Climate System Study (ACSYS). keywords: arctic; polar; symposium cache: polar-2217.pdf plain text: polar-2217.txt item: #174 of 461 id: polar-2218 author: Weller, Gunter title: The aim of the symposium date: 1999-01-12 words: 528 flesch: 50 summary: What are the likely impacts of global change on the polar environment and people and of polar processes and feedbacks on the global climate and society? They also affect the global climate directly through interac- tions between their atmospheres, ice cover, and oceans, and through feedback processes. keywords: change; climate cache: polar-2218.pdf plain text: polar-2218.txt item: #175 of 461 id: polar-2219 author: Rapley, Chris title: Global change and the polar regions date: 1999-01-12 words: 869 flesch: 44 summary: Other international organizations, such as the World Climate Research Programme and the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme, also address polar issues. Examples include the projects organized by the International Arctic Science Committee and the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research in the area of global change. keywords: ice; international; regions cache: polar-2219.pdf plain text: polar-2219.txt item: #176 of 461 id: polar-2220 author: Grassl, Hartmut title: The cryosphere: an early indicator and global player date: 1999-01-12 words: 3355 flesch: 60 summary: Global climate models therefore should adopt this code for a more realistic representation of sea ice in global coupled climate models. Another achievement is the sea ice model intercomparison which has led to a recommenda- tion for climate model sea ice codes (Lemke et al. 1997): modelled sea ice dynamics using the viscous-plastic model are nearest to observations of sea ice extent and thickness and should thus be adopted for global coupled climate models. keywords: acsys; climate; global; ice; ocean; research; sea; water; wcrp cache: polar-2220.pdf plain text: polar-2220.txt item: #177 of 461 id: polar-2221 author: Børre Ørbæk, Jon; Hisdal, Vidar; Edin Svaasand, Lars title: Radiation climate variability in Svalbard: surface and satellite observations date: 1999-01-12 words: 4722 flesch: 69 summary: The parameters are SW and LW downward radiation for all sky and clear sky conditions, net SW and LW radiation. The 17 year averaged mean daily values of S W and LW radiation, surface albedo and atmospheric transmittance are plotted in Fig. keywords: albedo; alesund; climate; net; ocean; radiation; sky; surface; svalbard; winter cache: polar-2221.pdf plain text: polar-2221.txt item: #178 of 461 id: polar-2222 author: Proshutinsky, Andrey Y.; Polyakov, Igor V.; Johnson, Mark A. title: Climate states and variability of Arctic ice and water dynamics during 1946–1997 date: 1999-01-12 words: 4258 flesch: 68 summary: Climate states and variability of Arctic ice and water dynamics during 1946-1997 Andrey Y. Proshutinsky, Igor V. Polyakov & Mark A. Johnson Recently observed changes in the Arctic have highlighted the need for a better understanding of Arctic dynamics. Jones et al. 1998; Steele & Boyd 1998; Zhang et al. 138 Climate states and variability of Arctic ice and water dynamics 1987 1992 keywords: arctic; ccr; circulation; ice; ocean; sea; variability; water cache: polar-2222.pdf plain text: polar-2222.txt item: #179 of 461 id: polar-2224 author: Skvarca, Pedro; Rack, Wolfgang; Rott, Helmut; Ibarzábal Donángelo, Teresa title: Climatic trend and the retreat and disintegration of ice shelves on the Antarctic Peninsula: an overview date: 1999-01-12 words: 4287 flesch: 70 summary: Rapid collapse of northern Larsen Ice Shelf. The climatically induced retreat of the northern Larsen Ice Shelf on the east coast and of the Wordie. keywords: antarctic; ice; larsen; peninsula; shelf; shelves; skvarca cache: polar-2224.pdf plain text: polar-2224.txt item: #180 of 461 id: polar-2225 author: Gerdes, Rüdiger; Köberle, Cornelia title: Numerical simulation of salinity anomaly propagation in the Nordic seas and the Arctic Ocean date: 1999-01-12 words: 3254 flesch: 63 summary: The use of an additional tracer for salinity anomaly and a reference experiment without surface flux anomalies enables us to separate model drift and the response to forcing anomalies. Here we investigate the fate and possible influence of salinity anomalies that we regard as typical for long-term variability in the Nordic seas-Arctic Ocean system using a coupled sea ice-ocean model. keywords: anomaly; arctic; basin; experiment; model; ocean; salinity; sea; surface cache: polar-2225.pdf plain text: polar-2225.txt item: #181 of 461 id: polar-2226 author: Gloersen, Per; Huang, Norden E. title: In search of an elusive Antarctic circumpolar wave in sea ice extents: 1978–1996 date: 1999-01-12 words: 3343 flesch: 69 summary: The actual method is more complicated than this in that there are conditional tests for assuring that the 168 In search of an elusive Antarctic circumpolar wave in sea ice extents (a) Real spatial parts of the 1st three complex PCs of the sectonzed PA extents (b) Real temparal park of the 1st three complex PCs of the sectorized PA eXtsnts -003L , ~ ,L-. In search of an elusive Antarctic circumpolar wave in sea ice extents Complex Pnnupal Component - 2 2 . keywords: antarctic; cpcs; data; extents; ice; modes; sea cache: polar-2226.pdf plain text: polar-2226.txt item: #182 of 461 id: polar-2227 author: Haarpaintner, Jörg title: The Storfjorden polynya: ERS-2 SAR observations and overview date: 1999-01-12 words: 4611 flesch: 70 summary: Classification of sea ice by satellite and ice tracking is important in order to define the origin, age and type of ice (Askne 1996; Carsey 1992; Kergomard et al. 1994; SAR imagery of sea ice and ice classification The SAR (synthetic aperture radar) of the European satellite ERS-2 is an active microwave sensor that emits a signal at 5.3 GHz (C-band) at 782 km altitude. keywords: backscatter; fig; ice; images; polynya; sar; sea; storfjorden; water; wind; winter cache: polar-2227.pdf plain text: polar-2227.txt item: #183 of 461 id: polar-2228 author: Haugan, Peter M. title: Structure and heat content of the West Spitsbergen Current date: 1999-01-12 words: 2644 flesch: 62 summary: In early June, water warmer than 4°C extends upwards to only 2 0 m depth, capped by a thin surface layer affected by sea ice meltwater (Fig. 2c). Strong cooling occurs i n the autumn, reducing the heat content of the upper 200 m, but advected temperature and salinity maxima survive close to the surface in spring when air-sea exchange and vertical mixing is hampered by sea ice and meltwater. keywords: current; ice; salinity; water; west; wsc cache: polar-2228.pdf plain text: polar-2228.txt item: #184 of 461 id: polar-2230 author: Callaghan, Terry V.; Press, Malcolm C.; Lee, John A.; Robinson, David L.; Anderson, Clive W. title: Spatial and temporal variability in the responses of Arctic terrestrial ecosystems to environmental change date: 1999-01-12 words: 4347 flesch: 57 summary: It is likely that trends of ecosystem responses in time will not be linear or follow a smooth trend but are likely to be punctuated with stochastic extreme events that may reinforce trends of ecosystem change or even negate them. While this approach allows direct simulations of climate change to be made, it also gives insights in to the various current environmental constraints on ecosystems because the manipulations can be performed independently of each other as well as factorially. keywords: arctic; callaghan; change; climate; ecosystems; growth; responses; species; temperature cache: polar-2230.pdf plain text: polar-2230.txt item: #185 of 461 id: polar-2232 author: Hobbie, John E.; Peterson, Bruce J.; Bettez, Neil; Deegan, Linda; O'Brien, W. John; Kling, George W.; Kipphut, George W.; Bowden, William B.; Hershey, Anne E. title: Impact of global change on the biogeochemistry and ecology of an Arctic freshwater system date: 1999-01-12 words: 4659 flesch: 66 summary: A comparison of slimy sculpin (Cotfus cognatus) populations in Arctic lakes with and without piscivorous predators. Hershey, A. E. 1 9 9 0 Snail populations in Arctic lakes: competition mediated by predation. keywords: arctic; fig; fish; hershey; lake; phosphorus; toolik cache: polar-2232.pdf plain text: polar-2232.txt item: #186 of 461 id: polar-2234 author: Lévesque, Esther; Svoboda, Josef title: Vegetation re-establishment in polar “lichen-kill” landscapes: a case study of the Little Ice Age impact date: 1999-01-12 words: 4995 flesch: 66 summary: Present Canadian polar deserts are ecologically marginal habitats for the estab- lishment of higher plants. Canada, indicating the major sampling area near Alexandra Fiord and sites with (filled circles) and without (empty circles) higher plants. which now appear bleached on photographs have been referred to in the literature as mere “lichen- kill zones” (Dyke 1978). keywords: alexandra; canada; cover; ellesmere; fiord; ice; island; plant; polar; sites; svoboda; vascular; vegetation cache: polar-2234.pdf plain text: polar-2234.txt item: #187 of 461 id: polar-2235 author: Montiel, Pedro; Smith, Andrew; Keiller, Don title: Photosynthetic responses of selected Antarctic plants to solar radiation in the southern maritime Antarctic date: 1999-01-12 words: 4733 flesch: 60 summary: Following acclima- tion (10 days), plastic screens were positioned to affect changes in solar UV radiation. The results of this study support this hypothesis, as photosynthesis in these species appears to be well-adapted to current levels of solar irradiance and UV radiation. keywords: antarctic; fig; irradiance; photosynthesis; plants; radiation cache: polar-2235.pdf plain text: polar-2235.txt item: #188 of 461 id: polar-2236 author: Panikov, Nicolai S. title: Fluxes of CO2 and CH4 in high latitude wetlands: measuring, modelling and predicting response to climate change date: 1999-01-12 words: 4723 flesch: 63 summary: Spatial variation in high latitude methane flux along a transect across Siberian and European tundra environments. Third, variations of the water table affect CO;? and CH4 emission in an opposite ways, methane fluxes being stimulated and carbon dioxide suppressed by a rising water table. keywords: arctic; ch4; emission; fluxes; gas; methane; northern; panikov; soil; wetlands; winter cache: polar-2236.pdf plain text: polar-2236.txt item: #189 of 461 id: polar-2237 author: Shaver, Gaius R.; Jonasson, Sven title: Response of Arctic ecosystems to climate change: results of long-term field experiments in Sweden and Alaska date: 1999-01-12 words: 5628 flesch: 62 summary: Buffering of Arctic plant responses in a changing climate. Response of Arctic ecosystems to climate change: results of long-term field experiments in Sweden and Alaska Gaius R. Shaver & Sven Jonasson Long-term field experiments at Abisko, Sweden, and Toolik Lake, Alaska, reveal both similarities and differences in response of contrasting Arctic ecosystems to changes in temperature, light, and nutrient availability. keywords: abisko; arctic; biomass; change; jonasson; nutrient; responses; toolik; tt tt cache: polar-2237.pdf plain text: polar-2237.txt item: #190 of 461 id: polar-2239 author: Naoya, Wada title: Factors affecting the seed-setting success of Dryas octopetala in front of Brøggerbreen (Brøgger Glacier) in the High Arctic, Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard date: 1999-01-12 words: 4772 flesch: 66 summary: Male flowers had a smaller petal area and lighter petal and androecium weight than hermaphrodite flowers (Table I ) , suggesting lower investments to reproduction through male flowers. the number of flowers of D. octopetalu which are grazed or survive during the flowering period; 2) the effect of grazing animals on the spatial distribution of Dryas flowers; 3) the effect of flower size on gender expression or allocation to female function; 4) the effect of factors such as pollen limitation and low temperature during a flowering period on seed production. keywords: arctic; flowering; flowers; hermaphrodite; seed; set; shoots; size; weight cache: polar-2239.pdf plain text: polar-2239.txt item: #191 of 461 id: polar-2240 author: French, Hugh M. title: Past and present permafrost as an indicator of climate change date: 1999-01-12 words: 3311 flesch: 63 summary: Active layer changes (1968-1993) following the forest-tundra fire near Inuvik. Thus, permafrost considerations enable one to conclude that, in the early Holocene, the 272 Past and present permafrost as an indicator of climate change Tuhk I. Data showing average active layer depths, the depth of the Early Holocene thaw unconformity (where recognized), typical annual thawing degree-days, and bio-climatic zonations for S localities i n the western and high Arctic of Canada (sources: French et al. 1986; Bum 1998). keywords: arctic; canada; climate; depth; ice; layer; permafrost; thaw; unconformity cache: polar-2240.pdf plain text: polar-2240.txt item: #192 of 461 id: polar-2241 author: Gerland, Sebastian; Winther, Jan-Gunnar; Børre Ørbæk, Jon; Ivanov, Boris V. title: Physical properties, spectral reflectance and thickness development of first year fast ice in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard date: 1999-01-12 words: 4796 flesch: 73 summary: Introduction Many publications (e.g. Wadhams 1994) underline the importance of sea ice for climate-related research. Climate modelling and remote sensing studies of sea ice rely heavily on ground truth data from field measurements. keywords: dyr; fig; ice; june; sea; sea ice; snow; surface; thickness cache: polar-2241.pdf plain text: polar-2241.txt item: #193 of 461 id: polar-2271 author: Ohta, Yoshihide; Larionov, Aleksandr N. title: Grenvillian single-grain zircon Pb age of a granitic rock from the southern island of Hesteskoholmen, Liefdefjorden, northwestern Spitsbergen, Svalbard date: 1998-01-12 words: 4499 flesch: 66 summary: Petrographic and field observations suggest that the granitic rock was emplaced subconcordantly along the cleavages of phyllitic rocks as locally oblique sheets. Interpretation of the results The phyllitic rocks surrounding the dated granitic rock are considered to be part of the Biscayarhu- ken formation, the uppermost structural unit of metamorphic rocks in the n-B-H subzone. keywords: age; ages; formation; grain; granitic; rock; spitsbergen; zircon cache: polar-2271.pdf plain text: polar-2271.txt item: #194 of 461 id: polar-2283 author: Salvigsen, Otto; Forman, Steven L.; Miller, Gifford H. title: Thermophilous molluscs on Svalbard during the Holocene and their paleoclimatic implications date: 1992-01-06 words: 5506 flesch: 69 summary: Mytilus edulis is now extinct in Svalbard waters but was widely distributed during the early Hol- ocene. Five species of guide fossils from the Holocene warm period in Svalbard arc considered: Mytilus edulis, Modiolus modiolus. keywords: climatic; edulis; feyling; forman; hanssen; holocene; isfjorden; modiolus; molluscs; mytilus; period; salvigsen; species; spitsbergen; svalbard cache: polar-2283.pdf plain text: polar-2283.txt item: #195 of 461 id: polar-2298 author: Fanning, Kent A.; Torres, Linda M. title: 222Rn and 226Ra: indicators of sea-ice effects on air-sea gas exchange date: 1991-01-09 words: 4261 flesch: 76 summary: A complete absence of atmospheric-C02 penetration through sea ice of the Weddell Sea was invoked to help explain why sinking Antarctic Bottom Water appears t o carry away only 15% of the anthropogenic excess C 0 2 that enters the surface ocean (Poisson & Chen 1987). A partial rather than a complete reduction of gas exchange across sea ice was implied by water-mass studies that found freons F-11 and F-12 to be 20-37% undersaturated in the surface Arctic Ocean (Kry- sell & Wallace 1988; keywords: exchange; gas; ice; sea; seawater; water cache: polar-2298.pdf plain text: polar-2298.txt item: #196 of 461 id: polar-2299 author: Vinje, Torgny; Kvambekk, Ånund S. title: Barents Sea drift ice characteristics date: 1991-01-09 words: 5149 flesch: 78 summary: A digitised ice distribution data set covering the period 1 9 6 6 8 8 has been used to calculate the probability distribution of sea ice and temporal trends. The probability of encountering sea ice at the end of April in the Barents Sca. keywords: arctic; area; barents; barents sea; drift; ice; sea; vinje cache: polar-2299.pdf plain text: polar-2299.txt item: #197 of 461 id: polar-2300 author: Sakshaug, Egil; Slagstad, Dag title: Light and productivity of phytoplankton in polar marine ecosystems: a physiological view date: 1991-01-09 words: 11538 flesch: 74 summary: o o p e r . p h > t o - pldnkton P p . keywords: absorption; chla; depth; fig; growth; ice; irradiance; light; phytoplankton; polar; rate; sakshaug; sea; spectral cache: polar-2300.pdf plain text: polar-2300.txt item: #198 of 461 id: polar-2301 author: Harrison, W. G.; Cota, G. F. title: Primary production in polar waters: relation to nutrient availability date: 1991-01-09 words: 11179 flesch: 69 summary: Most salts (70- 80%) are excluded from sea ice during formation while ice growth, which persists over about half of the vernal bloom, promotes convective fluxes at the interface (Reeburgh 1984). In the Arctic, therefore, nutri- ent availability (i.e. resupply) is a major factor in the maintenance of ice edge production. keywords: antarctic; arctic; cota; et al; growth; harrison; ice; nitrogen; nutrient; ocean; phytoplankton; polar; production; productivity; sea; smith; summer; surface; waters cache: polar-2301.pdf plain text: polar-2301.txt item: #199 of 461 id: polar-2302 author: Rey, Francisco title: Photosynthesis-irradiance relationships in natural phytoplankton populations of the Barents Sea date: 1991-01-09 words: 6416 flesch: 71 summary: P o / a r Research Results and discussion Environmental parameters The average seasonal distribution of PAR (photosynthetically active radiation) at Bj0rncbya (74'15) which lies at the mean latitude of the Barents Sea is shown in Fig. keywords: barents; depth; irradiance; light; parameters; photosynthesis; phytoplankton; platt; sea cache: polar-2302.pdf plain text: polar-2302.txt item: #200 of 461 id: polar-2303 author: Verity, Peter G.; Smayda, Theodore J.; Sakshaug, Egil title: Photosynthesis, excretion, and growth rates of Phaeocystis colonies and solitary cells date: 1991-01-09 words: 7749 flesch: 69 summary: Photosynthesis, excretion, and growth rates of Phaeocystis colonies and solitary cells PETER G . Cell growth rates were expressed as population doublings according to K(doub1ings . keywords: carbon; cells; colonies; colony; excretion; fig; growth; irradiance; phaeocystis; photosynthesis; rates; sea; solitary; temperature; verity cache: polar-2303.pdf plain text: polar-2303.txt item: #201 of 461 id: polar-2304 author: Vernet, Maria title: Phytoplankton dynamics in the Barents Sea estimated from chlorophyll budget models date: 1991-01-09 words: 10504 flesch: 73 summary: 1986: Probable loss of chlorophyll derived pigments during passage through the gut of zooplankton. I present here quantification of t h e more abundant phaeo- phorbide- and phaeophytin-like pigments, a 2 , a 3 and a 4 + 5 and a , and a,, respectively. keywords: barents; bloom; chlorophyll; depth; euphotic; fig; grazing; growth; lorenzen; photooxidation; phytoplankton; pigment; rates; sea; sedimentation; spring; stn; water; zone cache: polar-2304.pdf plain text: polar-2304.txt item: #202 of 461 id: polar-2306 author: Kiefer, Dale A.; Cullen, John J. title: Phytoplankton growth and light absorption as regulated by light, temperature, and nutrients date: 1991-01-09 words: 5957 flesch: 69 summary: Growth rates and cellular concentrations of chlorophyll a Figs. 2, 3, 4, and 5 summarize the changes in growth rate and cellular chlorophyll a con- centration that occurred with limitation by the four independent variables, light intensity, day length, temperature, and nutrient supply. Numerous studies of the growth of phytoplankton in the laboratory have demonstrated the dependence of cellular pigment concentration and growth rate upon light intensity, photoperiod, temperature, and nutrient supply. keywords: capacity; carbon; cellular; decreases; growth; intensity; light; nutrient; rate; supply; temperature; variations cache: polar-2306.pdf plain text: polar-2306.txt item: #203 of 461 id: polar-2308 author: Kristiansen, Svein; Farbrot, Tove title: Nitrogen uptake rates in phytoplankton and ice algae in the Barents Sea date: 1991-01-09 words: 4481 flesch: 81 summary: Olson (1980) found a lower mean f-ratio (0.71 ~ n = 2) in ice algal communities in Antarctica but also claims that his f-ratios were minimum estimates. These light-saturation levels are within the range of published values for C uptake in ice algal communities (Burkholder & Mandelli 1965; Palmisano & Sullivan 1985; Pal- misano et al. 1985; Horner 1985). keywords: chlorophyll; ice; maximum; table; uptake cache: polar-2308.pdf plain text: polar-2308.txt item: #204 of 461 id: polar-2309 author: Martinez, Rosa title: Biomass and respiratory ETS activity of microplankton in the Barents Sea date: 1991-01-09 words: 5730 flesch: 76 summary: E r r . Biomass and respiratory ETS activity of microplankton in the Barents Sea ROSA MARTINEZ Martinez. keywords: activity; ets; station cache: polar-2309.pdf plain text: polar-2309.txt item: #205 of 461 id: polar-2310 author: Throndsen, Jahn; Kristiansen, Svein title: Micromonas pusilla (Prasinophyceae) as part of pico-and nanoplankton communities of the Barents Sea date: 1991-01-09 words: 3345 flesch: 69 summary: This method, however adequate for revealing submicroscopical details necessary for identification, gives very poor indications of cell numbers in the sea. Cell numbers frequently exceeded lo7 cells I - l , though they usually varied between 10' and 106cells I-' (Tables 2, 3). keywords: cells; dilution; ice; nanoplankton; plankton; pusilla; sea; species; throndsen cache: polar-2310.pdf plain text: polar-2310.txt item: #206 of 461 id: polar-2311 author: Wassmann, Paul; Peinert, Rolf; Smetacek, Victor title: Patterns of production and sedimentation in the boreal and polar Northeast Atlantic date: 1991-01-09 words: 13980 flesch: 68 summary: The classical pattern of spring bloom sedimentation followed by reduced loss ratcs has bccn found in \hclf and shallow water regions such as the Norwegian Coastal Current and fjords and is also cncountcrcd in the Barcnts Sea. T h e resultant time lag between spring phytoplankton growth and the onset of intense grazing pressure (mainly by copepods) primarily controls spring sedimentation rates. keywords: atlantic; barents; barents sea; bloom; current; fig; flux; greenland; ice; north; northeast; norwegian; norwegian sea; peinert; phytoplankton; polar; production; sea; sedimentation; smetacek; spring; wassmann; water; zooplankton cache: polar-2311.pdf plain text: polar-2311.txt item: #207 of 461 id: polar-2312 author: Henderson, R. James; Olsen, Rolf E.; Eilertsen, Hans C. title: Lipid composition of phytoplankton from the Barents Sea and environmental influences on the distribution pattern of carbon among photosynthetic end products date: 1991-01-09 words: 5612 flesch: 65 summary: Lipid composition of phytoplankton from the Barents Sea and environmental influences on the distribution pattern of fixed carbon among photosynthetic end products. For analysis of lipid composition, phyto- plankton was collected by filtering 5 to 71 of seawater sampled from the layer of maximum chlorophyll a through glass fibre filters (type GF/ C) which had previously been washed with chloroform : methanol (2 : 1, v/v). keywords: acids; carbon; composition; distribution; fatty; light; lipid; phytoplankton; sea; station; temperature; total cache: polar-2312.pdf plain text: polar-2312.txt item: #208 of 461 id: polar-2313 author: Azam, Farooq; Smith, David C.; Hollibaugh, James T. title: The role of the microbial loop in Antarctic pelagic ecosystems date: 1991-01-09 words: 3539 flesch: 63 summary: A second departure from the classical view is the realization that Antarctic waters are oli- gotrophic in terms of primary production in spite of the high residual nutrients. It has been shown (Ronner et al 1983; Koike et al. 1986) that in Antarctic waters 50-85% of the nitrogen demand for primary production is sat- isfied by the regenerated ammonium despite the presence of 15-30pmol I - ’ nitrate. keywords: antarctic; azam; food; loop; microbial; phytoplankton; production; waters cache: polar-2313.pdf plain text: polar-2313.txt item: #209 of 461 id: polar-2314 author: Billen, Gilles; Becquevort, Sylvie title: Phytoplankton-bacteria relationship in the Antarctic marine ecosystem date: 1991-01-09 words: 5032 flesch: 65 summary: Bacterial production rates were measured according to the 3H-thymidine incorporation method of Fuhrman & Azam (1982). Evidence for this statement is pro- vided by the correlation which exists between bacterial biomass and chlorophyll u concentration (Linley et al. 1983; Bird & Kalff 1984) or between bacterial production and both chlorophyll u con- centration and planktonic primary production (Cole et a]. 1988), over a large range of temperate and tropical aquatic environments. keywords: bacterial; bay; billen; biomass; fig; growth; mar; phytoplankton; rate; sea; temperature; weddell cache: polar-2314.pdf plain text: polar-2314.txt item: #210 of 461 id: polar-2315 author: Thingstad, T. Frede; Martinussen, Ingrid title: Are bacteria active in the cold pelagic ecosystem of the Barents Sea? date: 1991-01-09 words: 5719 flesch: 65 summary: Strong responses by indicators of bacterial activity. All measurements of bacterial activity indicated a transition to a phase of active bacterial growth at the end of the period. keywords: activity; bacterial; barents; bloom; cold; fig; fluorescence; growth; maximum; sea; solid; temperature; water cache: polar-2315.pdf plain text: polar-2315.txt item: #211 of 461 id: polar-2316 author: Mathot, Sylvie; Becquevort, Sylvie; Lancelot, Christiane title: Microbial communities from the sea ice and adjacent water column at the time of ice melting in the northwestern part of the Weddell Sea date: 1991-01-09 words: 5354 flesch: 66 summary: Ice assemblages were sampled randomly. Moreover, comparison of ice assemblages indicated the pres- ence of resting spores in the band assemblages, suggesting that these might be remnants from a sub-ice algal bloom from the previous year, which were “trapped” in two-year-old ice according to Ackley et al. (1979) and McConville & Wetherbee (1983). keywords: assemblages; autotrophic; band; biomass; column; garrison; ice; infiltration; sea; table; water; water column cache: polar-2316.pdf plain text: polar-2316.txt item: #212 of 461 id: polar-2318 author: Lønne, Ole J.; Gulllksen, Bjørn title: Source, density and composition of sympagic fauna in the Barents Sea date: 1991-01-09 words: 3855 flesch: 75 summary: Areas north of Svalbard and Frans Josef Land are dominated by MY ice from the perennial sea ice zone. The link between the sympagic assemblages occupying FY ice and assemblages associated with MY ice has attained little attention. keywords: barents; cod; fauna; glacialis; ice; north; polar; sea; sympagic; wilkitzkii cache: polar-2318.pdf plain text: polar-2318.txt item: #213 of 461 id: polar-2319 author: Gradinger, Rolf; Spindler, Michael; Henschel, Detlev title: Development of Arctic sea-ice organisms under graded snow cover date: 1991-01-09 words: 7441 flesch: 76 summary: The slight increase in chlorophyll a con- centrations in the upper decimetre of ice fields L and D between 9 May and 17 May to values exceeding 0.08 mg-m-3 and the resulting decrease in the ratio of phaeopigments to chloro- phyll a are the first clear indications of growing surface ice communities reported from the Arctic 304 R . He concluded that physiological inhibition is the main cause of pigment loss in sea ice. keywords: arctic; chlorophyll; cover; field; ice; light; organisms; sea; sea ice; snow; temperature cache: polar-2319.pdf plain text: polar-2319.txt item: #214 of 461 id: polar-2320 author: Aarset, Arne V. title: The ecophysiology of under-ice fauna date: 1991-01-09 words: 9125 flesch: 67 summary: Cold hardiness As sea ice has a sponge-like structure with cavities, brine channels and crevices, amphipods may become trapped within the bulk sea ice as it grows and thus be exposed to low temperatures. Observation of marine life beneath sea ice, Resolute Bay, NWT. keywords: aarset; amphipod; animals; antarctic; arctic; aunaas; consumption; excretion; fig; glacialis; ice; oxygen; polar; rate; salinity; sea; species; temperature; wilkitzkii cache: polar-2320.pdf plain text: polar-2320.txt item: #215 of 461 id: polar-2322 author: Båmstedt, Ulf; Eilertsen, Hans Christian; Tande, Kurt S.; Slagstad, Dag; Skjoldal, Hein Rune title: Copepod grazing and its potential impact on the phytoplankton development in the Barents Sea date: 1991-01-12 words: 8377 flesch: 70 summary: Compiled data from published and unpublished sources on copepod grazing of the large-sized copepods in the Barents Sea give wide ranges in grazing rates. Grazing rate, in terms of consumed food carbon, was calculated from the ambient concentration of particulate carbon and estimated clearance rate, as given below: pg C intake h-' = keywords: barents; bloom; calanus; copepod; data; finmarchicus; fluor; glacialis; grazing; gut; june; rate; sea; tande cache: polar-2322.pdf plain text: polar-2322.txt item: #216 of 461 id: polar-2323 author: Clarke, Andrew; Peck, Lloyd S. title: The physiology of polar marine zooplankton date: 1991-01-12 words: 9698 flesch: 68 summary: Oxygen consumption in polar zooplankton is low compared with temperate and tropical species. It is likely that fast growth rates are possible for polar zooplankton in areas of high food availability such as ice-edge blooms. keywords: antarctic; biol; clarke; consumption; data; energy; growth; ice; lipid; low; marine; mass; organisms; oxygen; polar; rate; sea; species; temperature; water; zooplankton cache: polar-2323.pdf plain text: polar-2323.txt item: #217 of 461 id: polar-2325 author: Tande, Kurt S. title: Calanus in North Norwegian fjords and in the Barents Sea date: 1991-01-12 words: 13354 flesch: 70 summary: Barents Sea The Coastal Current enters the southeastern region of the Barents Sea. A northern part (North Cape Current) transports Atlantic Water into the Barents Sea along the channel, Bjorn~yrenna. keywords: arctic; atlantic; balsfjorden; barents sea; biomass; bloom; calanus; copepod; data; fig; finmarchicus; glacialis; north; northern; norway; norwegian; period; phytoplankton; polar; production; sea; species; spring; tande; waters; year cache: polar-2325.pdf plain text: polar-2325.txt item: #218 of 461 id: polar-2326 author: Unstad, Kim H.; Tande, Kurt S. title: Depth distribution of Calanus finmarchicus and C. glacialis in relation to environmental conditions in the Barents Sea date: 1991-01-12 words: 6531 flesch: 68 summary: Stage composition and vertical distribution of copepodids of Colanus finmarchicus and C. glacialis are described during spring and summer in Atlantic and Arctic waters, respectively. Calanus finmarchicus: temperature, phytoplankton, and vertical distribution of copepodids. keywords: calanus; depth; distribution; fig; finmarchicus; glacialis; phytoplankton; population; sea; species; stages; station; tande; vertical; zooplankton cache: polar-2326.pdf plain text: polar-2326.txt item: #219 of 461 id: polar-2327 author: Norrbin, M. Fredrika title: Gonad maturation as an indication of seasonal cycles for several species of small copepods in the Barents Sea date: 1991-01-12 words: 6411 flesch: 76 summary: This suggests that smaller species may still play an important role in Arctic food webs during autumn and winter. pygmaeus Sars were stained with carmine and analysed with respect to gonad maturation stage. keywords: acuspes; barents; copepods; cruise; fig; gonad; maturation; norrbin; sea; species; stage; stations cache: polar-2327.pdf plain text: polar-2327.txt item: #220 of 461 id: polar-2355 author: Born, Erik W.; Renzoni, Aristeo; Dietz, Rune title: Total mercury in hair of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from Greenland and Svalbard date: 1991-01-06 words: 4535 flesch: 79 summary: Based on analyses of 128 recent (1977-1980) and 18 museum samples (1910-1927), Eaton & Farant (1982) presented concentrations of total mercury (Hg) in polar bear hair from eight different localit- ies in the Canadian High Arctic. 7 6 5 4 3. Discussion Concentrations of total Hg in polar bear hair were highest i n northwestern Greenland. keywords: bears; concentrations; eastern; greenland; hair; mercury; polar; renzoni; samples; svalbard; total cache: polar-2355.pdf plain text: polar-2355.txt item: #221 of 461 id: polar-2356 author: Godzik, Barbara title: Heavy metals and macroelements in the tundra of southern Spitsbergen: the effect of little auk Alle alle (L.) colonies date: 1991-01-06 words: 4361 flesch: 82 summary: splendens collected within colonies contained higher heavy metal concentrations than those from outside bird-inhabited sites (Table 4). Heavy metals and macroelements in the tundra of southern Spitsbergen: the effect of little auk AZZe aZZe (L.) colonies BARBARA GODZIK Godzik B.: Heavy metals and macroelements in the tundra of southern Spitsbergen: thc effect of little auk A66e alle ( L . ) colonies. keywords: area; ariekammen; colonies; concentrations; hornsund; locations; metals; samples; southern; spitsbergen; tundra cache: polar-2356.pdf plain text: polar-2356.txt item: #222 of 461 id: polar-2357 author: Grodzinska, Krystyna; Godzik, Barbara title: Heavy metals and sulphur in mosses from southern Spitsbergen date: 1991-01-06 words: 4281 flesch: 79 summary: The effect of remote sources of pollution reaching Spitshergen on the levels of heavy metal concentrations was taken into account, a5 well as thc effect of local emissions from the Polish Polar Station. The members of the first group show significant ( p < 0.05) differences in heavy metal concentrations at different sites within southern Spitsbergen, whereas moss species of the second group show more homo- geneous results (Table 2). keywords: arctic; concentrations; metals; mosses; sites; southern; spitsbergen; sulphur cache: polar-2357.pdf plain text: polar-2357.txt item: #223 of 461 id: polar-2358 author: Gjelsvik, Tore title: Composition and provenance of the Lilljeborgfjellet Conglomerate Haakon VII Land, Spitsbergen date: 1991-01-06 words: 7174 flesch: 78 summary: Rounded phenocryst with intergrowth of plagioclase (white) and potassium feldspar (dark) in clast porphyry from Lilljeborgfjellet. %11 t h e distribution of the elements of the LC clast porphyry is shown by crosses in the various oxide variation diagrams given by O h t a (1984. keywords: clasts; conglomerate; fig; h e; lilljeborgfjellet; nordaustlandet; phenocrysts; porphyry; quartz; quartz porphyry; t h cache: polar-2358.pdf plain text: polar-2358.txt item: #224 of 461 id: polar-2361 author: Etzelmiiller, Bernd; Sollid, Johan Ludvig title: The role of weathering and pedological processes for the development of sorted circles on Kvadehuksletta, Svalbard - a short report date: 1991-01-06 words: 6261 flesch: 68 summary: T h e sorted circles develop from a stage where gravelly sediments overlie fine-grained material. i s t t e r r keywords: beach; circles; fig; fines; h e; kvadehuksletta; material; processes; ridges; silt; soils cache: polar-2361.pdf plain text: polar-2361.txt item: #225 of 461 id: polar-2362 author: Dmitriev, N. E.; Proshutinsky, A. Yu.; Løyning, T. B.; Vinje, T. title: Tidal ice dynamics in the area of Svalbard and Frans Josef Land date: 1991-01-06 words: 3613 flesch: 78 summary: A numerical model of tidal ice drift with thc interaction between flocs. Tidal ice dynamics in the arca of Svalbard and Frans Josef Land. keywords: ice; model cache: polar-2362.pdf plain text: polar-2362.txt item: #226 of 461 id: polar-2363 author: Makshtas, Alexander; Podgorny, Igor title: The role of the West Spitsbergen Current in the formation of ice edge position date: 1991-01-06 words: 2458 flesch: 77 summary: Let us examine the heat balance equation to evaluate the heat flux from the upper ocean layer upwards near the margin of sea ice: J T Jt pwC, - = -div F ( 1 ) where pn and C, are the density and the specific heat of sea- water and F is the heat flux in the WSC. Because of the weak temporal variability of the seawater temperature T near the ice margin, (1) may be rewritten as: where ii, denotes the northward average current velocity. and the advection of sea ice from the north keep ice edge stationary. keywords: heat; ice cache: polar-2363.pdf plain text: polar-2363.txt item: #227 of 461 id: polar-2364 author: Møller Nielsen, Sussie title: Fishing Arctic foxes Alopex lagopus on a rocky island in west Greenland date: 1991-01-06 words: 2197 flesch: 87 summary: caught fish comprised the most important food source for the fox family during the observation period are supported by the following facts: 1 ) Fishing Arctic Foxes Alopex lugopur on a rocky island in West Greenland. keywords: arctic; fish; minutes cache: polar-2364.pdf plain text: polar-2364.txt item: #228 of 461 id: polar-2365 author: Kverndal, Arnt-Ivar title: Some notes on glacial geomorphology in the inner part of St. Jonsfjorden, Svalbard date: 1991-01-06 words: 1092 flesch: 61 summary: making i t possible to investigatc many different types of glaciers. Glaciers and Climate in Svalbard, statistical analysis of the BrBgger glacier mass balance for the last 77 years. keywords: area; glacier; jonsfjorden cache: polar-2365.pdf plain text: polar-2365.txt item: #229 of 461 id: polar-2367 author: Erikstad, Kjell Einar; Barrett, Robert T.; Mehlum, Fridtjof title: What determines the distribution of seabirds at sea? date: 1990-01-06 words: 459 flesch: 49 summary: What determines the distribution of seabirds at sea? The rationale behind the Nordic workshop, 'What determines the distribution of seabirds at sea?', held in Skibotn, near T r o m s ~ . keywords: distribution; seabirds cache: polar-2367.pdf plain text: polar-2367.txt item: #230 of 461 id: polar-2368 author: Pedersen, Jan-Petter title: Ocean surface temperature- and colour studies from satellites date: 1990-01-06 words: 3509 flesch: 56 summary: Different algorithms have been proposed for retrieval of sea surface temperatures (SST) from thermal infrared satellite data. Sea surface temperature data derived from availahle satellite data are presented and discussed. keywords: atmospheric; colour; data; image; infrared; ocean; pedersen; satellite; studies; surface cache: polar-2368.pdf plain text: polar-2368.txt item: #231 of 461 id: polar-2369 author: Midttun, Lars title: Surface temperatures of the Barents Sea date: 1990-01-06 words: 1975 flesch: 73 summary: Maximum winter ice coverage in thc Barents Sea 1979- 1986. The northern Barents Sea is therefore ice covered in winter. keywords: barents; fig; sea; surface; water cache: polar-2369.pdf plain text: polar-2369.txt item: #232 of 461 id: polar-2370 author: Schneider, David C. title: Seabirds and fronts: a brief overview date: 1990-01-06 words: 3094 flesch: 66 summary: Seabirds and fronts: a brief overview DAVID C. SCHNEIDER Schneider, D. C. 1990: Seabirds and fronts: a brief overview. Two general hypotheses relating marine birds to fronts have been developed. keywords: abundance; birds; fronts; hunt; prey; schneider; seabirds; surface cache: polar-2370.pdf plain text: polar-2370.txt item: #233 of 461 id: polar-2371 author: Follestad, Arne title: The pelagic distribution of little auk Alle alle in relation to a frontal system off central Norway, March/April 1988 date: 1990-01-06 words: 2594 flesch: 76 summary: There is evidence that Little Auks feed where prey is most concentrated (Bradstreet & Brown 1985), and a better understanding of the winter and spring distribution of Little Auks off central Nor- way will require more detailed studies of their diet seasonally and the distribution of their prey. Distribution of Little Auk 25 Results Little Auks were present mainly south of 64N in a non-random distribution (Fig. 2a and b). keywords: auks; coast; distribution; march; norway; sea; water cache: polar-2371.pdf plain text: polar-2371.txt item: #234 of 461 id: polar-2372 author: Harrison, Nancy M.; L Hunt Jr., George; Cooney, Robert T. title: Front affecting the distribution of seabirds in the northern Bering Sea date: 1990-01-06 words: 1296 flesch: 71 summary: Although Anadyr water is high in nutrients, densities of plankton are low and dispersed by turbulence. Front affecting the distribution of seabirds in the northern Bering Sea (Extended abstract) NANCY M . keywords: bering; surface; water cache: polar-2372.pdf plain text: polar-2372.txt item: #235 of 461 id: polar-2373 author: Røttingen, Ingolf title: A review of variability in the distribution and abundance of Norwegian spring spawning herring and Barents Sea capelin date: 1990-01-06 words: 3311 flesch: 75 summary: The historic data on the fisheries on Norwegian spring spawning herring and Barents Sea capelin show that the migration pattern and time of spawning havc changed for these species. Norwegian spring spawning herring. keywords: capelin; fig; herring; norwegian; sea; spawning; spring; stock cache: polar-2373.pdf plain text: polar-2373.txt item: #236 of 461 id: polar-2374 author: Hunt Jr., George L. title: The pelagic distribution of marine birds in a heterogeneous environment date: 1990-01-06 words: 10247 flesch: 72 summary: The propensity of marine birds to join foraging birds or marine matnmals can influence the extent t o which the abundance of foraging marine birds will correlate with prey abundance at small scales. Those studies investigating t h e spatial and numerical concordance between marine birds and their prey have found some instances of strong concordances and others in which prey distribution and abundance were of little or no value in predicting bird abundance. keywords: abundance; bering; birds; distribution; edge; et al; foraging; hunt; ice; marine; prey; schneider; sea; seabirds; shelf; water cache: polar-2374.pdf plain text: polar-2374.txt item: #237 of 461 id: polar-2375 author: Bakken, Vidar title: The distribution and diel movements of Brünnich's guillemot Uria lomvia in ice covered waters in the Barents Sea, February/March 1987 date: 1990-01-06 words: 2922 flesch: 81 summary: The distribution and diel movements of Brunnich’s Guillemot Uria lomvia in ice covered waters in the Barents Sea, February/March 1987 VIDAR BAKKEN Bakken, V . 1990: The distribution and die1 movements of Brunnich’s Guillcmot Uria ~omoiu in icc covered waters in the Barents Sea, February/March 1987. The distribution of Briinnich’s Guillemot in ice covered waters and near the marginal ice zonc in thc southern part of the Barents Sca was mapped from ship and helicopter in February/Mdrch 1987. keywords: area; barents; birds; guillemots; ice; leads; sea; waters; zone cache: polar-2375.pdf plain text: polar-2375.txt item: #238 of 461 id: polar-2376 author: Mehlum, Fridtjof title: Seabird distribution in the northern Barents Sea marginal ice-zone during late summer date: 1990-01-06 words: 2885 flesch: 79 summary: Sea ice as a factor in seabird distribution and ecology in the Beaufort, Chukchi, and Bering Seas. In the northern Barents Sea the fauna of sympagic animals is well developed, reaching a mean biomass of 9.6 g per m2 sub-surface of sea- ice, with higher values in multi-year ice than in first year ice (Gulliksen 1984; Gulliksen & L0nne 1989). keywords: cover; ice; mehlum; northern; sea; seabird; species cache: polar-2376.pdf plain text: polar-2376.txt item: #239 of 461 id: polar-2377 author: Anker-Nilssen, Tycho; Lorentsen, Svein-Hakon title: Distribution of puffins Fratercula arctica feeding off Røst, northern Norway, during the breeding season, in relation to chick growth, prey and oceanographical parameters date: 1990-01-06 words: 5571 flesch: 75 summary: The rapid shift in return direction of Puffins observed late in the season, accompanied by a sudden retardation in chick growth, suggests that most Herring NW of R0st at this time had become unavailable for the Puffins. Data set Spatial scale Herring Herring Sea Sea (km) biomass numbers temperature salinity All stations 38.4 -0.1549 -0.2283 -0.2975 (0.649) (0.500) (0.374) (0.787) (0.957) (0.156) NW transect 32.2 0.1429 0.0290 - 0.657 1 -0.0685 (0.841) (0.397) -0.4286 Distribution of PufJins during the breeding season 7 5 water masses, which may lead to an increase in the retention time and density of young Herring in the area (Sundby 1984 pers. keywords: august; birds; breeding; chicks; fig; food; herring; july; prey; puffins; sea cache: polar-2377.pdf plain text: polar-2377.txt item: #240 of 461 id: polar-2378 author: Erikstad, Kjell Einar; Moum, Truls; Vader, Wim title: Correlations between pelagic distribution of common and Brünnich's guillemots and their prey in the Barents Sea date: 1990-01-06 words: 7131 flesch: 71 summary: Since numerical association may manifest itself only above some threshold in prey density (Piatt 1987; Heinemann et al. 1989), 80 K. E. Erikstad, T. Moum C% ‘High density’ prey patches were selected according to discontinuities in the distribution of prey densities and in such a way that an appropriate number of 5 n . keywords: barents; birds; capelin; correlation; density; guillemots; n.m; patches; prey; scale; schneider; sea; species cache: polar-2378.pdf plain text: polar-2378.txt item: #241 of 461 id: polar-2379 author: Schneider, David C. title: Spatial autocorrelation in marine birds date: 1990-01-06 words: 5411 flesch: 66 summary: The spatial resolution was 20 m, so it will be interesting to see if weak autocorrelation proves generally true of marine bird counts taken at different spatial resolutions. The contiguous grouping method has been used to examine the scale of variability of seabird counts (Schneider & Duffy 1985) and to show that cor- relation between alcid abundance and capelin prey changes with spatial scale (Schneider & Piatt 1986). keywords: analysis; autocorrelation; birds; counts; data; fig; fulmars; scale; strait; transect; variability; water cache: polar-2379.pdf plain text: polar-2379.txt item: #242 of 461 id: polar-2380 author: Ohta, Y.; Tørudbakken, B. O.; Shiraishi, K. title: Geology of Gjelsvikfjella and western Mühlig-Hofmannfjella, Dronning Maud Land, east Antarctica date: 1990-01-12 words: 13727 flesch: 71 summary: The former intrude into t h e latter. Isolated large granitic xenoliths, tens t o hundreds of metres in size, are observed in the southeastern cliff of Svarthamaren, t h e north- western tip of B h b o keywords: area; biotite; charnockite; dark; dykes; felsic; fig; garnet; geology; gneisses; granitic; h e; hornblende; jutulsessen; metamorphic; migmatites; plagioclase; rocks; t h; t o; western cache: polar-2380.pdf plain text: polar-2380.txt item: #243 of 461 id: polar-2381 author: Bjørnerud, M. title: An Upper Proterozoic unconformity in northern Wedel Jarlsberg Land, southwest Spitsbergen: lithostratigraphy and tectonic implications date: 1990-01-12 words: 6524 flesch: 50 summary: Nordbukta sequence rocks are exposed southwest of the unconformity trace, in the core of the anticlinorium, while Dunderbukta sequence rocks lie on the NE- dipping limb of the antiform and in the succeeding synclinorium, which is cored by the Kapp Lyell diamictites. The age of the Proterozoic deformational event is not yet constrained, but it may eventually provide a basis for tectonostratigraphic correlations with Proterozoic sequences elsewhere in Svalbard and the high Arctic. keywords: area; dolomite; dunderbukta; formation; jarlsberg; land; nordbukta; northern; phyllite; proterozoic; quartzite; recherchefjorden; rocks; sequence; spitsbergen; unconformity; wedel cache: polar-2381.pdf plain text: polar-2381.txt item: #244 of 461 id: polar-2390 author: Fredga, Karl; Jaarola, Maarit; Anker Ims, Rolf; Steen, Harald; G. Yoccoz, Nigel title: The 'common vole' in Svalbard identified as Microtus epiroticus by chromosome analysis date: 1990-01-12 words: 3642 flesch: 70 summary: t o that of voles from Osnabruck in Germany (Camper1 1982). However, t h e number of acrocentric pairs in the Dutch population is 4 compared t o 3 in the German one. keywords: epiroticus; microtus; species; svalbard; voles cache: polar-2390.pdf plain text: polar-2390.txt item: #245 of 461 id: polar-2404 author: Maher Jr., Harmon D. title: A storm-related origin for the Jurassic Brentskardhaugen Bed of Spitsbergen, Norway date: 1989-01-06 words: 7203 flesch: 58 summary: Backstrom & Nagy (1985) demonstrate that, while the quartz and chert pebble show a much higher degree of sorting (probably inherited from a well sorted con- glomeratic source bed), BB phosphatic clasts in the Isfjorden area can range in long-axis length from a cm or so up to extremes of 25 cm. 3 ) Marine fossils, of Toarcian to Bathonian age, found within the phosphate clasts limit a period of widespread exposure and erosional hiatus prior to BB deposition to within the Bathonian ( < 3 Ma). keywords: backstrom; base; bed; clasts; fig; formation; marine; nagy; shelf; storm cache: polar-2404.pdf plain text: polar-2404.txt item: #246 of 461 id: polar-2439 author: Swett, Keene; Mann, Keith title: Terrace scarp deflation as a renewable source for eolian sediments in an Arctic periglacial setting date: 1987-01-06 words: 3619 flesch: 64 summary: (Calcula- ted, assuming: (1) an approximate average relief of 175 m between the valley floor and the top of the upper prominent terrace, and (2) approxima- tely 100 km of terrace scarp surfaces along the meandering path of Vibekes Elv and its tributari- es.) Glacial, glaciofluvial, and glaciolacustrine sediments deposited by the retreating Vibekes Glacier are being actively reworked into sand dunes and loess sheets o n the tops of glaciofluvial terraces down- valley from Vibekes Glacier and Vihekes S 0 . keywords: deposits; dunes; elv; fig; loess; sand; surface; terrace; valley; vibekes cache: polar-2439.pdf plain text: polar-2439.txt item: #247 of 461 id: polar-2440 author: Mehlum, Fridtjof; Rahn, Hermann; Bech, Claus; Haftorn, Svein title: Interrelationships between egg dimensions, pore numbers, incubation time, and adult body mass in Procellariiformes with special reference to the Antarctic petrel Thalassoica antarctica date: 1987-01-06 words: 2756 flesch: 79 summary: In this study we report dimensions for 2 1 eggs and eggshells and pore density for 9 eggs of the Antarctic Petrel (as well as 16 and 3 eggs for dimensions of eggs and eggshells, respectively, of the Snow Petrel Pagodroma nivea), which allow one to estimate the initial egg mass based on allometric relationships of egg dimensions versus egg mass established for 69 species of Procellarii- formes. Initial egg mass and various egg dimensions of the Antarctic Petrel have only scarcely been reported. keywords: egg; incubation; mass; pore cache: polar-2440.pdf plain text: polar-2440.txt item: #248 of 461 id: polar-2441 author: Gabrielsen, Geir Wing; Unander, Sigmund title: Energy costs during incubation in Svalbard and Willow Ptarmigan hens date: 1987-01-06 words: 5348 flesch: 71 summary: Mean daily ambient temperature and precipitation in Tromsa and Ny-Alesund (meteorological data) during the incubation period (June 1 to July 1 1981-82 for Willow Ptarmigan hens, and June IS to July 15 1981-82 for Svalbard Ptarmigan hens). Gabrielsen & Steen (1979) measured heart rate a n d egg temperature in incubating Willow Ptarmigan hens and suggested a relation- ship between egg temperature and energy cost of incubation. keywords: body; day; eggs; energy; heart; hens; incubation; nest; ptarmigan; rate; svalbard; table; temperature; willow cache: polar-2441.pdf plain text: polar-2441.txt item: #249 of 461 id: polar-2442 author: Sveum, Per title: The influence of grazing by Hypogastrura viatica (Insecta: Collembola) on microbial activity in decomposing kelp on Spitsbergen date: 1987-01-06 words: 3717 flesch: 61 summary: Barley straw decom- position with varied levels of microbial grazing by Folsomta .finmetaria (L.) (Collembola, Isotomidae). Despite the results of other similar experiments, a n increase in microbial numbers and biomass was recorded following the introduction of grazing. keywords: bacteria; collembola; grazing; increase; kelp; microbial; number; respiration; total cache: polar-2442.pdf plain text: polar-2442.txt item: #250 of 461 id: polar-2445 author: Beyens, L.; Chardez, D. title: Evidence from testate amoebae for changes in some local hydrological conditions between c. 5000 BP and c. 3800 BP on Edgeøya (Svalbard) date: 1987-01-12 words: 2086 flesch: 67 summary: ',j. - - ~ ~ L ~ R ~ N S ~ ' ' Recent testate amoebae communities in the Arc- tic are mostly dominated by cosmopolitan, readily distributed species, and it seems probable that colonization of new areas after the last glaciation tended to be limited by the availability of suitable habitats rather than by immigration rates. Evidence from testate amoebae for changes in some local hydrological conditions between c. 5000 BP and c. 3800 BP on EdgeBya (Svalbard) L. BEYENS AND D. CHARDEZ Beyens, L. & Chardez. keywords: aerophila; centropyxis; level; testate cache: polar-2445.pdf plain text: polar-2445.txt item: #251 of 461 id: polar-2446 author: Denstad, John-Peder; Aunaas, Tore; Börseth, Jan Fredrik; Vollan Aarset, Arne; Zachariassen, Karl Erik title: Thermal hysteresis antifreeze agents in fishes from Spitsbergen waters date: 1987-01-12 words: 2507 flesch: 70 summary: Survival of shallow water fishes during contact with ice In an additional experiment a volume of 10 litres of seawater was cooled and partly frozen at a temperature of -1.6C. Shallow water fishes of three different species were put in the ice laden sea water and their behaviour observed. The reason for this is probably that the polar cod also occurs in shallow ice laden sea water, where an 'antifreeze' would be needed to protect against inoculative freezing. keywords: blood; fishes; hysteresis; ice; plasma; species; water cache: polar-2446.pdf plain text: polar-2446.txt item: #252 of 461 id: polar-2447 author: Görlich, Krzysztof; Węslawski, Jan M.; Zajączkowski, Marek title: Suspension settling effect on macrobenthos biomass distribution in the Hornsund fjord, Spitsbergen date: 1987-01-12 words: 10170 flesch: 61 summary: A & B. salinity and suspension concentration data collected im 5 July 1983, by wind direction loo and force 3-4 m/s. C & D. analogous data collected on 14 July 1983, by wind direction 270 and force 5 m/s. 1. resuspension of bottom sediment, 2. remnant suspension left-over after the change of plume direction, 3. wind direction, 4. direction of the plume motion, 5 . location of meltwater input, 6. tidewater- glacier front, 7. shoreline, 8 . face water suspension concentration in time series, (4) quantitative data on organic and inor- ganic components of suspension, (5) concen- tration of phytoplankton chlorophyll and zooplankton in suspension, (6) mineral com- position of bottom sediment, (7) E h , pH and phosphorus concentration in bottom sediment cores, (8) sediment accumulation rates, and (9) lateral distribution of benthic biomass. keywords: accumulation; biomass; concentration; data; distribution; fig; fjord; gorlich; hornsund; ice; isbjornhamna; meltwater; mud; samples; sediment; settling; spitsbergen; surface; suspension; water cache: polar-2447.pdf plain text: polar-2447.txt item: #253 of 461 id: polar-2448 author: Van der Knaap, W. O. title: Five short pollen diagrams of soils from Jan Mayen, Norway: a testimony of a dynamic landscape date: 1987-01-12 words: 5904 flesch: 76 summary: 1. Statistically speaking, the per- centages have low reliability because most values exceed 100% and because the pollen sum is often rather low; 2. T h e r e has probably been some variation Only major differences between pollen zones a r e considered to be significant. keywords: core; distance; pollen; samples; values cache: polar-2448.pdf plain text: polar-2448.txt item: #254 of 461 id: polar-2449 author: Nakamura, Koji; Kimura, Gaku; Winsnes, Thore S. title: Brachiopod zonation and age of the Permian Kapp Starostin Formation (central Spitsbergen) date: 1987-01-12 words: 8072 flesch: 72 summary: i hel, Starostin Formation are not locally restricted only to the Spitsbergen trough a r e a , but a r e also extended to the other parts of the Boreal Sea areas. o c a t keywords: formation; kapp; n e; o n; o u; permian; starostin; upper; zone cache: polar-2449.pdf plain text: polar-2449.txt item: #255 of 461 id: polar-2452 author: Gjertz, Ian; Persen, Endre title: Confrontations between humans and polar bears in Svalbard date: 1987-01-12 words: 2052 flesch: 79 summary: Research Note Confrontations between humans and polar bears in Svalbard IAN GJERTZ A N D E N D R E PERSEN Gjertz, I . & Persen, E . Confrontations between humans and polar bears in Svalbard. keywords: bears; confrontations; polar; svalbard cache: polar-2452.pdf plain text: polar-2452.txt item: #256 of 461 id: polar-2453 author: Rózycki, Olgierd title: Marine bivalve molluscs of Svalbard date: 1987-01-12 words: 2052 flesch: 79 summary: Research Note Confrontations between humans and polar bears in Svalbard IAN GJERTZ A N D E N D R E PERSEN Gjertz, I . & Persen, E . Confrontations between humans and polar bears in Svalbard. keywords: bears; confrontations; polar; svalbard cache: polar-2453.pdf plain text: polar-2453.txt item: #257 of 461 id: polar-2454 author: Hagen, Jon Ove; Liestøl, Olav title: Glacier mass balance investigations in the balance years 1984-85 and 1985-86 date: 1987-01-12 words: 1494 flesch: 78 summary: Net mass balance at Storbreen 1985/86 in relation to height above sea level. The two glaciers measured in Svalbard also had negative net balance in 1985 and in 1986. keywords: balance; mean cache: polar-2454.pdf plain text: polar-2454.txt item: #258 of 461 id: polar-2455 author: Chmal, Henryk title: Pleistocene sea level changes and glacial history of the Hornsund area, Svalbard date: 1987-01-12 words: 1167 flesch: 74 summary: The first radiocarbon datings of shells and whale bones from raised marine terraces of Hornsund (Birkenmajer & Olsson 1970) showed that with regard to Quaternary geology South Spitsbergen is very different from the rest of Svalbard. Radiocarbon dating of raised marine terraces at Hornsund, Spitsbergen. and the problem of land uplift. keywords: hornsund; level cache: polar-2455.pdf plain text: polar-2455.txt item: #259 of 461 id: polar-2457 author: Lindner, Leszek; Marks, Leszek; Pekala, Kazimierz title: Quaternary chronostratigraphy of south Spitsbergen date: 1987-01-12 words: 786 flesch: 73 summary: The last glacial advance (Little Ice Age) started about 0.6 ka B.P. in south Spitsbergen. The second advance is represented probably by glacial sediments in Rev- dalen, although they could have been deposited during the first early Holocene glacial advance. keywords: b.p cache: polar-2457.pdf plain text: polar-2457.txt item: #260 of 461 id: polar-2458 author: Mangerud, Jan; Bolstad, Magne; Elgersma, Anne; Helliksen, Dag; Landvik, Jon Y.; Lycke, Anne Katrine; Lønne, Ida; Salvigsen, Otto; Sandahl, Tom; Sejrup, Hans Petter title: The Late Weichselian glacial maximum in western Svalbard date: 1987-01-12 words: 2395 flesch: 71 summary: (1979) who assumed that Late Weichselian ice had not overrun the site because no till covers the sediments with the ‘old’ radiocarbon and TL- dates. Milankovitch theory of ice ages: Hypothesis of ice-sheet linkage between regional insolation and global climate. keywords: b.p; barents; glacial; ice; sea; svalbard; weichselian; years cache: polar-2458.pdf plain text: polar-2458.txt item: #261 of 461 id: polar-2460 author: Svendsen, John Inge; Landvik, Jon Y.; Mangerud, Jan; Miller, Gifford H. title: Postglacial marine and lacustrine sediments in Lake Linnévatnet, Svalbard date: 1987-01-12 words: 1419 flesch: 72 summary: They also studied a 6 m long Mackereth core from the deepest part of the lakc which penetrated into marine sediments of Early Holoccne age (Boyurn & Kjensmo 1980). According to Denton & Hughes (1981) and Mangerud et al. keywords: fig; lacustrine; lake; marine; sediments cache: polar-2460.pdf plain text: polar-2460.txt item: #262 of 461 id: polar-2461 author: Elverhøi, Anders; Solheim, Anders title: Late Weichselian glaciation of the northern Barents Sea - a discussion date: 1987-01-12 words: 1597 flesch: 66 summary: Late Weichselian glaciation of the northern Barents Sea - a discussion. The Holocene age of the raised beaches in eastern Svalbard combined with the wide distribution of only a thin veneer of glacigenic sediments in the northern Barents Sea strongly indicate the existence of a Late Weichselian ice sheet in the region (Salvigsen 1981; E l v e r h ~ keywords: barents; ice; sea; sheet; solheim cache: polar-2461.pdf plain text: polar-2461.txt item: #263 of 461 id: polar-2462 author: Forsberg, Carl Fredrik title: The Late Weichselian-Holocene transition in the Barents Sea: sedimentological and early diagenetic studies date: 1987-01-12 words: 710 flesch: 67 summary: In the absence of any large rivers running into the Barents Sea one of the main agents of Holocene sediment supply is deemed to be dirty sea ice which may originate on the Siberian shelf. The Late Weichselian-Holocene transition in the Barents Sea: sedimentological and early diagenetic studies CARL FREDRIK FORSBERG Forsberg. keywords: barents; holocene; sea cache: polar-2462.pdf plain text: polar-2462.txt item: #264 of 461 id: polar-2463 author: Matishov, Gennadyi title: Problems of Quaternary geology and palaeoecology of North European seas date: 1987-01-12 words: 1243 flesch: 71 summary: An analysis of the chemical composition of pore water in 2-3 m long cores of Barents Sea bottom deposits has shown that pore water with respect to saline composition corresponds on the whole to sea water (Pavlova 1976). Maximum extent of the continental ice 2O.ofX~-18.ooO years ago. 2 ) Ice shelf. keywords: barents; glaciation; ice; sea; shelf cache: polar-2463.pdf plain text: polar-2463.txt item: #265 of 461 id: polar-2465 author: Pfirman, Stephanie; Milliman, John D. title: Morphology, geology and oceanography of the Hinlopen Strait and Trough, Svalbard, Norway date: 1987-01-12 words: 291 flesch: 60 summary: The Hinlopen Strait and Trough with respect to northern Svalbard Contours in meters Morphology, geology and oceanography of the Hinlopen Strait and Trough, Svalbard, Norway STEPHANIE PFIRMAN keywords: trough cache: polar-2465.pdf plain text: polar-2465.txt item: #266 of 461 id: polar-2466 author: Sættem, Joar; Hamborg, Martin title: The geological implications of the upper seismic unit, southeastern Barents Sea date: 1987-01-12 words: 1326 flesch: 65 summary: Local observations on deep towed boomer data support this interpretation The mapped unit could possibly be correlated with the deepermost marginal features along the northwestern Geological implications of upper seismic unit 301 Fig. In the eastern part of BjejrnQyrenna 300 Joar Sattem & Martin Hamborg Fig 1 The upper Quaternary seismic unit based on seismic interpretation. keywords: sea; sediments; unit cache: polar-2466.pdf plain text: polar-2466.txt item: #267 of 461 id: polar-2480 author: Bennike, Ole title: News from the Plio-Pleistocene Kap København Formation, North Greenland date: 1987-01-12 words: 1176 flesch: 77 summary: A reconnaissance of the Quat- ernary geology of eastern North Greenland. At present it grows in eastern North America where it scarcely reaches the Arctic tree line. keywords: formation; kap; north; species cache: polar-2480.pdf plain text: polar-2480.txt item: #268 of 461 id: polar-2481 author: Blake Jr., Weston title: Lake sediments and glacial history in the High Arctic; evidence from east-central Ellesmere Island, Arctic Canada, and from Inglefield Land, Greenland date: 1987-01-12 words: 1733 flesch: 74 summary: Holocene lake sediments from Inglefield Land. Lake sediments and glacial history in the High Arctic; evidence from east-central Ellesmere Island, Arctic Canada, and from Inglefield Land, Greenland. keywords: arctic; ice; island; lake; site cache: polar-2481.pdf plain text: polar-2481.txt item: #269 of 461 id: polar-2482 author: Feyling-Hanssen, Rolf W. title: The biostratigraphic position of the Kap København Formation based upon its foraminifera date: 1987-01-12 words: 1404 flesch: 69 summary: Comparison with Pleistocene assemblages from many parts of the northern hemisphere (i.a. Cushman 1941; Hopkins et al. 1974; some samples from thc upper part of unit B1. keywords: assemblages; feyling; formation; hanssen; pleistocene cache: polar-2482.pdf plain text: polar-2482.txt item: #270 of 461 id: polar-2537 author: Salvigsen, Otto title: Occurrence of pumice on raised beaches and Holocene shoreline displacement in the inner Isfjorden area, Svalbard date: 1984-01-02 words: 3625 flesch: 77 summary: Several problems make it difficult to determine the exact tilt of pumice levels in an area as small as the one dealt with here. Two observations of pumice levels from the west coast of Spitsbergen. keywords: area; beaches; fig; isfjorden; level; pumice; radiocarbon; svalbard; years cache: polar-2537.pdf plain text: polar-2537.txt item: #271 of 461 id: polar-2538 author: Salvigsen, Otto title: Two observations of pumice levels from the west coast of Spitsbergen date: 1984-01-02 words: 409 flesch: 77 summary: Where conditions have been favourable for preservation of pumice, pumice levels can be found and be useful for correlation of raised shorelines. Research Note Two observations of pumice levels from the west coast of Spitsbergen O'ITO SALVIGSEN Salvigsen, 0. 1984: keywords: pieces; pumice cache: polar-2538.pdf plain text: polar-2538.txt item: #272 of 461 id: polar-2539 author: Anonymous, . title: Establishment of a committee for Norwegian stratigraphy date: 1984-01-02 words: 512 flesch: 49 summary: This applies to stratigraphic units in use on the Norwegian main- land, in Arctic and Antarctic land areas under Norwegian jurisdiction, and on the related continental shelves. Status The Committee for Norwegian Stratigraphy is a select com- mittee under the control of the Norwegian Council of Geology. keywords: committee; stratigraphy cache: polar-2539.pdf plain text: polar-2539.txt item: #273 of 461 id: polar-2541 author: Goldman, Helle title: Editorial date: 2010-01-01 words: 183 flesch: 49 summary: Editorial With this issue, Polar Research has gone over to a double-column layout more in line with today’s international publication standards. Therefore, all abstracts in Polar Research include full bibliographic identi- fication. keywords: research cache: polar-2541.pdf plain text: polar-2541.txt item: #274 of 461 id: polar-2543 author: Elverhøi, Anders; Solheim, Anders title: The Barents Sea ice sheet - a sedimentological discussion date: 2010-01-01 words: 8169 flesch: 73 summary: At this stage only a prelimi- nary discussion may be attempted on the extent and age of Barents Sea glaciations. Sediment sampling and shallow seismic profiling in the western and northern Barents Sea show that the bedrock in regions with less than 300 m water depth is unconformably overlain by only a thin veneer (< 10 m) of sediments. keywords: barents; barents sea; deposits; fig; glaciomarine; grey; ice; late; northern; sea; sediments; sheet; shelf; water; weichselian cache: polar-2543.pdf plain text: polar-2543.txt item: #275 of 461 id: polar-2544 author: Throndsen, Torbjørn; Bjærke, Tor title: Palynodebris analysis of a shallow core from the Barents Sea date: 2010-01-01 words: 2048 flesch: 67 summary: Between 0.65 and 0.45m a rapid change in assemblage composition takes place by an increase in first cycle dinocysts (Dl). The dominance of first cycle dinocysts in the upper 0.50 m of the core is due to a single species, Operculodinium centrocarpum. keywords: core; cycle; palynodebris; reworked; sea cache: polar-2544.pdf plain text: polar-2544.txt item: #276 of 461 id: polar-2547 author: Salvigsen, Otto; Lauritzen, Ørnulf; Mangerud, Jan title: Karst and karstification in gypsiferous beds in Mathiesondalen, Central Spitsbergen, Svalbard date: 2010-01-01 words: 2403 flesch: 78 summary: W h e r e the active permafrost reaches t h e bedrock, downward solution may also have taken place. Karst and karstification in gypsiferous beds in Mathiesondalen, Central Spitsbergen, Svalbard 0. SALVIGSEN, 0 . keywords: fig; lake cache: polar-2547.pdf plain text: polar-2547.txt item: #277 of 461 id: polar-2548 author: Larsen, Thor; Kjos-Hanssen, Bjørn title: Trichinella sp. in polar bears from Svalbard, in relation to hide length and age date: 2010-01-01 words: 5072 flesch: 77 summary: Trichinella sp. in polar bears from Svalbard, in relation to hide length and age THOR LARSEN AND BJBRN KJOS-HANSSEN Larsen, T. & Kjos-Hanssen, B . Trichinella sp. in polar bears from Svalbard, in relation to hide length and age. keywords: age; arctic; bears; hide; infected; infection; larsen; polar; rate; samples; svalbard; trichinella; trichinellosis cache: polar-2548.pdf plain text: polar-2548.txt item: #278 of 461 id: polar-2549 author: Larsen, Thor; Tegelström, Håkan; Juneja, R. Kumar; Taylor, Mitchell K. title: Low protein variability and genetic similarity between populations of the polar bear (Ursus maritimus) date: 2010-01-01 words: 4936 flesch: 67 summary: Summary of materials and methods used for the study of polar bear proteins. Benzidine stains (right) suggest haptoglobin/hemoglo- bin complex bindings in the same position as the lowest trans- ferrin band Fig. 4 Starch gel electrophoresis of polar bear serum proteins. keywords: alaska; bears; electrophoresis; fig; gel; greenland; polar; populations; proteins; samples; serum; svalbard; variation cache: polar-2549.pdf plain text: polar-2549.txt item: #279 of 461 id: polar-2550 author: Aagaard, K.; Foldvik, A.; Gammelsrød, T.; Vinje, T. title: One-year records of current and bottom pressure in the strait between Nordaustlandet and Kvitøya, Svalbard, 1980-81 date: 2010-01-01 words: 2068 flesch: 76 summary: T h e lower current meter had been situated near the bottom in the warmest water, while the upper meter was a t the position of the cold core at 75 m d e p t h . T h e results a r e listed in Table 1 . keywords: current; fig; pressure cache: polar-2550.pdf plain text: polar-2550.txt item: #280 of 461 id: polar-2551 author: Gammelsrød, Tor; Rudels, Bert title: Hydrographic and current measurements in the Fram Strait, August 1981 date: 2010-01-01 words: 4221 flesch: 84 summary: S H E E R E L B U R a 0 . H E T R . keywords: current cache: polar-2551.pdf plain text: polar-2551.txt item: #281 of 461 id: polar-2552 author: Elverhøi, Anders; Lønne, Øivind; Seland, Reinert title: Glaciomarine sedimentation in a modern fjord environment, Spitsbergen date: 2010-01-01 words: 9325 flesch: 72 summary: Sediment cores into Unit I1 show stiff sediments with a variable content of coarser material (Figs. 8.9 and 10). Maximum observed sediment thickness, 60 ms (two-way travel time), is observed close to the central sill. keywords: basin; deposits; echo; fig; fjord; ice; kongsfjorden; sediment; sedimentation; sill; till; unit cache: polar-2552.pdf plain text: polar-2552.txt item: #282 of 461 id: polar-2553 author: Lauritzen, Ørnulf; Salvigsen, Otto title: Holocene sedimentary rocks in Mathiesondalen, central Spitsbergen, Svalbard date: 2010-01-01 words: 1876 flesch: 68 summary: Holocene sedimentary rocks in Mathiesondalen, central Spitsbergen, Svalbard. Well cemented young sedimentary rocks have been observed elsewhere in Svalbard, but never described. keywords: rocks cache: polar-2553.pdf plain text: polar-2553.txt item: #283 of 461 id: polar-2554 author: Lauritzen, Ørnulf title: Karstic surface in the Lower Permian sabkha sequence of the Gipshuken Formation, central Spitsbergen, Svalbard date: 2010-01-01 words: 1769 flesch: 69 summary: A A A A A A A A , A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A within the mtertidal zone. A A A A A A A ~ keywords: anhydrite; sabkha; structures; surface cache: polar-2554.pdf plain text: polar-2554.txt item: #284 of 461 id: polar-2555 author: Åkerman, Jonas title: Notes concerning the vegetation on deflation surfaces, Kapp Linnk, Spitsbergen date: 2010-01-01 words: 2895 flesch: 69 summary: Notes concerning the vegetation on deflation surfaces, Kapp Linnk, Spitsbergen JONAS AKERMAN Akerman. Notes concerning the vegetation on deflation surfaces. keywords: area; deflation; dryas; fig; surfaces; tufts; vegetation; wind cache: polar-2555.pdf plain text: polar-2555.txt item: #285 of 461 id: polar-2556 author: Rahn, Hermann; Krog, John; Mehlum, Fridtjof title: Microclimate of the nest and egg water loss of the eider Somateria mollissima and other waterfowl in Spitsbergen date: 2010-01-01 words: 7757 flesch: 72 summary: Relation between egg water loss, egg temperature and nest humidity To ensure a given incubation water loss of the Egg water loss during incubation egg, the shell conductance must be exposed to a Although the rate of water loss is now known for finite nest temperature and humidity. Egg temperatures Outer surface measurements. keywords: air; conductance; egg; eggs; eider; humidity; incubation; loss; nest; pressure; rahn; shell; temperature; torr; vapor; water cache: polar-2556.pdf plain text: polar-2556.txt item: #286 of 461 id: polar-2557 author: Meltofte, Hans title: Arrival and pre-nesting period of the snow bunting Plectrophenax nivalis in East Greenland date: 2010-01-01 words: 8262 flesch: 81 summary: Supposed wintering areas (hatched) and main migratory routes of Greenland snow buntings (after Salomonsen 1981). This is further supported by the fact that pre-nesting snow buntings weigh signIficnntly less than artificially fed birds during the same period (Vincent & Bedard 1976). keywords: april; birds; buntings; danmarks; females; greenland; males; nesting; period; snow; snow buntings; weather; year cache: polar-2557.pdf plain text: polar-2557.txt item: #287 of 461 id: polar-2558 author: Jepsen, Palle Uhd; Mobæk, Are title: Census of seabird colonies on Nordaustlandet, Svalbard, and in neighbouring localities in 1978 and 1979 date: 2010-01-01 words: 6155 flesch: 80 summary: Census of seabird colonies on Nordaustlandet , Svalbard, and in neighbouring localities in 1978 and 1979 PALLE UHD JEPSEN AND A R E M O B E K Jepsen, P. U . 1983: Census of seabird colonies on Nordaustlandet. keywords: august; breeding; colonies; colony; fig; guillemots; little; nordaustlandet; number; pairs; seabird cache: polar-2558.pdf plain text: polar-2558.txt item: #288 of 461 id: polar-2559 author: Meltofte, Hans; Mehlum, Fridtjof; Frikke, John title: Observations on the wader populations at Ny-Alesund, Spitsbergen, 1982 date: 2010-01-01 words: 1937 flesch: 78 summary: The vegetation is indeed more lush in the Ny-Alesund region than in most areas in high arctic Green- land. A number of purple sandpipers (15-20) stayed in the station area until extensive melt took place around 2&25 June, whereupon they dispersed. keywords: alesund; area; bengtson; breeding; pairs cache: polar-2559.pdf plain text: polar-2559.txt item: #289 of 461 id: polar-2560 author: Ohta, Yoshihide; Hiroi, Yoshikuni; Hirajima, Takao title: Additional evidence of pre-Silurian high-pressure metamorphic rocks in Spitsbergen date: 2010-01-01 words: 1695 flesch: 73 summary: A blueschist-eclogite complex has been reported from Mota- quartzite, dolomitic rocks and serpcntinitc. dolomitic rocks and subordinate numbers of quartzitc. keywords: formation; limestone; rocks cache: polar-2560.pdf plain text: polar-2560.txt item: #290 of 461 id: polar-2561 author: Reite, Ola B. title: Special issue in connection with Professor John 0. Krog’s 65th birthday date: 2010-01-01 words: 2589 flesch: 73 summary: L . & Krog J . JOHN KROG John Krog was born in Meldal, Norway on the 29th of August, 1918. keywords: acta; john; krog; oslo; physiol; scand; temperature cache: polar-2561.pdf plain text: polar-2561.txt item: #291 of 461 id: polar-2562 author: Aarset, Arne Vollan; Zachariassen, Karl Erik title: Synergistic effects of an oil dispersant and low temperature on the freezing tolerance and solute concentrations of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis L.) date: 2010-01-01 words: 3956 flesch: 60 summary: Animals frozen in high concentrations of dispersant needed more thawing-time to recover than animals frozen in low dispersant concentrations. There was also a sig- nificant difference in Na+ concentrations between frozen and unfrozen mussels at the two highest concentrations of the dispersant, frozen mussels having the highest values. keywords: acids; amino; animals; concentrations; dispersant; freezing; mussels; oil cache: polar-2562.pdf plain text: polar-2562.txt item: #292 of 461 id: polar-2563 author: Blix, Arnoldus Schytte; Fay, Francis H.; Ronald, Keith title: On testicular cooling in phocid seals date: 2010-01-01 words: 1177 flesch: 68 summary: Scientists have tended to neglect the importance of phocid seal testicles but the temperature of the sexual glands of fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) is known to be at least 6°C lower than body core temperature (Bartholomew & Wilke 1956). On testicular cooling in phocid seals* keywords: seals; temperature; testicles; testicular cache: polar-2563.pdf plain text: polar-2563.txt item: #293 of 461 id: polar-2564 author: Aunaas, Tore; Baust, John G.; Zachariassen, Karl Erik title: Ecophysiological studies on arthropods from Spitsbergen date: 2010-01-01 words: 3758 flesch: 68 summary: T h e super- cooling points were indicated as small inflections on the temperature curve, d u e to the release of the heat of fusion of water freezing. The melting points of the haemolymph of the animals were determined by using a Clifton nanolitre osmometer, in which t h e melting pro- cess of 3 0 n l samples of haemolymph could be observed in a microscope, while the temperature of the samples was regulated with an accuracy of 5 0.001C. T h e temperature at which the last tiny ice crystal disappeared during slow warming of the sample was taken as the melting point. keywords: animals; arthropods; consumption; oxygen; spitsbergen; values cache: polar-2564.pdf plain text: polar-2564.txt item: #294 of 461 id: polar-2566 author: Ryg, Morten title: Regulation of annual weight cycles in reindeer and other cervids date: 2010-01-01 words: 7047 flesch: 78 summary: There seems to b e little correlation between growth hormone levels and increased weight gain, since growth hormone levels are mostly low during the summer. Weight changes during the winter are dependent on nutrition (see p. 250) and on the weight of the fawn at the beginning of the winter. keywords: changes; cycles; deer; food; growth; intake; jacobsen; levels; prolactin; red; reindeer; ryg; summer; weight; white cache: polar-2566.pdf plain text: polar-2566.txt item: #295 of 461 id: polar-2598 author: Dudeney, John R.; Walton, David W.H. title: Leadership in politics and science within the Antarctic Treaty date: 2012-04-12 words: 5521 flesch: 52 summary: Since 1998, when the PEP came into force, all of the IPs and WPs presented at each ATCM are publically available in full on the website of the Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty. To that extent the Antarctic Treaty remains the preserve of this rather select group, all of whom have either long-term connections, claims, strong wider geopolitical or major scientific interests, or all four of these, to spur them to give relatively high priority to the Treaty. keywords: antarctic; antarctic treaty; citation; cps; parties; pep; research; science; treaty; wps cache: polar-2598.pdf plain text: polar-2598.txt item: #296 of 461 id: polar-2631 author: Beumer, Larissa T.; Varpe, Øystein; Hansen, Brage B. title: Cratering behaviour and faecal C:N ratio in relation to seasonal snowpack characteristics in a High-Arctic ungulate date: 2017-03-10 words: 9568 flesch: 63 summary: Effect of winter snow and ground-icing on a Svalbard reindeer population: results of a simple snowpack model. Snow and ice conditions over winter 2012/13 (a ‘normal’ winter with little ROS and icing) were measured in reindeer feeding craters, in paired controls one metre away and in fixed control sites. keywords: arctic; conditions; craters; depth; diet; et al; feeding; ice; irh; quality; reindeer; selection; snow; svalbard; thickness; winter cache: polar-2631.pdf plain text: polar-2631.txt item: #297 of 461 id: polar-2634 author: Attenborough, Steven title: Captain Scott: icy deceits and untold realities date: 2017-02-21 words: 738 flesch: 56 summary: Captain Scott: icy deceits and untold realities BOOK REVIEW Captain Scott: icy deceits and untold realities, by Krzysztof Sienicki, Berlin, Open Academic Press, 2016, 776 pp., €86.27 (hardback), ISBN-13: 978-8394452001 Captain Scott holds a unique position in human exploration in that, despite his failures, he has obtained a status often above and beyond his ultimately more successful adversary Roald Amundsen. In Krzysztof Sienicki’s new book, Captain Scott: icy deceits and untold realities, the question of whether Scott is deserving of such high esteem is put to the test. keywords: author; scott cache: polar-2634.pdf plain text: polar-2634.txt item: #298 of 461 id: polar-2635 author: Jadwiszczaka, Piotr; Mörs, Thomas title: An enigmatic fossil penguin from the Eocene of Antarctica date: 2017-03-17 words: 2412 flesch: 52 summary: Relevant tar- sometatarsi of Eocene Antarctic penguins from rich collections held by the authors’ institutions — the University of Bialystok, Poland (IB/P/B) and the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm — also helped to (virtually) recreate the margin. Taxonomic revision of Eocene Antarctic penguins based on tarsometatarsal morphology. keywords: antarctic; eocene; island; jadwiszczak; penguins; research; seymour cache: polar-2635.pdf plain text: polar-2635.txt item: #299 of 461 id: polar-2637 author: Gwizdała, Magdalena; Jeleńska, Maria; Łęczyński, Leszek title: The magnetic method as a tool to investigate the Werenskioldbreen environment (south-west Spitsbergen, Arctic Norway) date: 2018-03-07 words: 4901 flesch: 55 summary: In environmental magnetism, rock and mineral magnetic methods are used to study the formation, transportation, deposition and postdeposi- tional modifications of magnetic minerals under the impacts of a wide range of natural processes (e.g., Liu et al. 2012). Both χLF and χARM depend also on the concentra- tion of magnetic minerals. keywords: fig; glacier; grain; magnetite; north; pyrrhotite; samples; sediments; size; south; stream; werenskioldbreen; χarm cache: polar-2637.pdf plain text: polar-2637.txt item: #300 of 461 id: polar-2638 author: Castrisios, Katerina; Martin, Andrew; Müller, Marius N.; Kennedy, Fraser; McMinn, Andrew; Ryan, Ken G. title: Response of Antarctic sea-ice algae to an experimental decrease in pH: a preliminary analysis from chlorophyll fluorescence imaging of melting ice date: 2018-11-15 words: 6083 flesch: 55 summary: Although we collected ice cores from a dis- crete area of sea ice, there was significant variation in post-melt measurements of CT and AT, presumably due to variability in biomass and the ratio of ice to Figure 2. Sea–ice melt CO2-carbonate chemistry in the wes- tern Arctic Ocean: meltwater contributions to air–sea CO2 gas exchange, mixed-layer properties and rates of net community production under sea ice. keywords: algae; antarctic; carbonate; chemistry; co2; et al; fluorescence; ice; marine; mcminn; ryan; sea cache: polar-2638.pdf plain text: polar-2638.txt item: #301 of 461 id: polar-2639 author: Starkweather, Sandra; Seag, M.; Lee, O.; Pope, A. title: Revisiting perceptions and evolving culture: a community dialogue on women in polar research date: 2018-10-19 words: 3216 flesch: 36 summary: Revisiting perceptions and evolving culture: a community dialogue on women in polar research PERSPECTIVE Revisiting perceptions and evolving culture: a community dialogue on women in polar research Sandra Starkweather a, M. Seagb, O. Leec & A. Poped aCooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; bScott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; cInternational Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA; dInternational Arctic Science Committee, Akureyri, Iceland ABSTRACT Women have made outstanding contributions to polar research in recent decades, though full engagement may be hindered by persistent inequities, including notably the prevalence of workplace harassment. Remote field settings, such as those pervasive in polar research, have been identified as particularly susceptible to cultures of harassment. keywords: 2018; experiences; field; harassment; polar; research; science; women cache: polar-2639.pdf plain text: polar-2639.txt item: #302 of 461 id: polar-2640 author: Rosenfeld, Sebastián; Aldea, Cristian; Ojeda, Jaime; Marambio, Johanna; Hüne, Mathias; Troncoso, Jesús S.; Mansilla, Andrés title: Molluscan assemblages associated with Gigartina beds in the Strait of Magellan and the South Shetland Islands (Antarctica): a comparison of composition and abundance date: 2017-07-17 words: 5676 flesch: 55 summary: The amount of mollusc species recorded in this work represents an average value similar to those reported in other studies carried out over the past 20 years in shallow subtidal rocky environments of the Antarctic Peninsula (Table 2). From our investigation of all previous work, through a full listing of mollusc species, there has been a total of 55 species of mollusc (one Polyplacophora, 42 Gastropoda and 12 Bivalvia) inhabiting shallow rocky Antarctic environments (0–30 m) keywords: 2015; antarctic; assemblages; beds; chile; et al; gigartina; magellan; mbp; molluscs; peninsula; richness; rosenfeld; south; species; strait cache: polar-2640.pdf plain text: polar-2640.txt item: #303 of 461 id: polar-2641 author: Schmitz, Daniela; Putzke, Jair; Pereira de Albuquerque, Margéli; Schünemann, Adriano Luis; Costa Beber Vieira, Frederico; de Carvalho Victoria, Filipe de Carvalho Victoria; Batista Pereira, Antônio title: Description of plant communities on Half Moon Island, Antarctica date: 2018-10-24 words: 8727 flesch: 66 summary: Description of plant communities on Half Moon Island, Antarctica RESEARCH ARTICLE Description of plant communities on Half Moon Island, Antarctica Daniela Schmitz a, Jair Putzkeb, Margéli Pereira de Albuquerque b, Adriano Luis Schünemann b, Frederico Costa Beber Vieirab, Filipe de Carvalho Victoria b & Antônio Batista Pereira b aDepartamento de Biologia Vegetal, Laboratório de Ecologia Evolutiva de Plantas, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil; bNúcleo de Estudos da Vegetação Antártica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil ABSTRACT During February–March of the austral summers of 2013/14 and 2014/2015, fieldwork was performed on Half Moon Island, South Shetland Archipelago, Antarctica, to evaluate the distribution and abundance of mosses and lichens, as well as to describe and map the plant communities there. KEYWORDS Phytosociology; Antarctic plant distribution; bryophytes; lichens; plant community mapping ABBREVIATION IES: index of ecological significance Introduction Half Moon Island (62°35′S and 59°55′W) is one of the smallest islands in the South Shetland Archipelago, Antarctica. keywords: andreaea; antarctica; areas; communities; community; half; hedw; island; lichen; moon; moon island; moss; pereira; plant; sanionia; south; species; spp; uncinata; vain cache: polar-2641.pdf plain text: polar-2641.txt item: #304 of 461 id: polar-2642 author: Green, Andy J.; Lovas-Kiss, Ádám; Stroud, Rachel A.; Tierney, Niall; Fox, Anthony D. title: Plant dispersal by Canada geese in Arctic Greenland date: 2018-11-15 words: 4155 flesch: 62 summary: Bird-mediated seed dispersal: reduced digestive efficiency in active birds modulates the dispersal capacity of plant seeds. Plant dispersal by Canada geese in Arctic Greenland RESEARCH NOTE Plant dispersal by Canada geese in Arctic Greenland Andy J. Green a, Ádám Lovas-Kiss b, Rachel A. Stroudc, Niall Tierneyc & Anthony D. Fox d aDepartment of Wetland Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain; bDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; cFaculty of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland, Hvanneyri, Iceland; dDepartment of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Rønde, Denmark ABSTRACT Despite the abundance of migratory geese as herbivores in the Arctic, and ongoing changes in their populations and distributions, little is known about their role in seed dispersal. keywords: 2016; 2018; arctic; canada; dispersal; et al; fox; geese; greenland; non; plant; samples; seeds; species; west cache: polar-2642.pdf plain text: polar-2642.txt item: #305 of 461 id: polar-2644 author: Krarup Hansen, Kia; Alterskjær Sundset, Monica; Folkow, Lars P.; Nilsen, Marte; Mathiesen, Svein D. title: Methane emissions are lower from reindeer fed lichens compared to a concentrate feed date: 2018-10-19 words: 8518 flesch: 61 summary: The reindeer were adapted to these diets for > 4 weeks prior to experiments and methane emissions recorded for two separate 23 h periods for each diet. Our results suggest that it is of environmental importance to preserve the lichens on the tundra and minimize supplementary feeding with concentrate diets, in order to reduce methane emission. keywords: air; animal; concentrate; detergent; diet; emission; energy; et al; experiments; fed; feed; intake; lichens; methane; methane emission; norway; pellets; production; reindeer; rumen; sundset cache: polar-2644.pdf plain text: polar-2644.txt item: #306 of 461 id: polar-2648 author: Heslop, Joanne K.; Chandra, Sudeep; Sobzcak, William V.; Davydov, Sergey P.; Davydova, Anna I.; Spektor, Valentin V.; Walter Anthony, Katey M. title: Variable respiration rates of incubated permafrost soil extracts from the Kolyma River lowlands, north-east Siberia date: 2017-05-16 words: 9295 flesch: 57 summary: Data for soil OC, soil extract NH4-N and PO4-P concentrations, and C respiration g soil OC−1 were not consistent with a normal distribution at the α = 0.05 level; these variables were log-transformed to improve normality. Since half of our data para- meters were found to be inconsistent with a normal distribution, we determined the statistical significance of differences in soil OC and extract parameters between soil layers and sampling sites using the non- parametric Mann–Whitney U-test. keywords: carbon; doc; et al; extract; kolyma; layer; organic; permafrost; research; respiration; respired; river; sites; soil; soil extract; soil oc; thaw; total; water; yedoma; zimov cache: polar-2648.pdf plain text: polar-2648.txt item: #307 of 461 id: polar-2649 author: Misund, Ole Arve title: Academia in Svalbard: an increasingly important role for research and education as tools for Norwegian policy date: 2017-04-26 words: 5155 flesch: 46 summary: An evaluation of Svalbard research, and development of an overall strategy, will be impor- tant tools, and in these matters the Research Council of Norway can build on the Overall policy for Norwegian polar research developed a few years ago (Research Council of Norway 2014). The government proposes to prolong its prioritization of polar research, especially in Svalbard, to enhance the volume and quality of Norwegian research in Svalbard and to stimulate use of the Ny-Ålesund facilities by Norwegian scientists. keywords: activities; arctic; coal; education; longyearbyen; norway; norwegian; polar; research; svalbard; unis; years; ålesund cache: polar-2649.pdf plain text: polar-2649.txt item: #308 of 461 id: polar-2650 author: Capelotti, P. J. title: Polaris: the chief scientist’s recollections of the American North Pole Expedition, 1871-73 date: 2017-04-26 words: 1022 flesch: 42 summary: With the publication of Chauncey Loomis’ seminal Weird and tragic shores: the story of Charles Francis Hall, explorer in 1971, Bessels assumed a status as the primary villain in an Arctic drama that resulted in the still-mysterious death of expedition leader Hall and the separate and miracu- lous retreats and rescues of the Polaris crew. If one adds romantic jealousy to Bessels’ ambition for polar glory, as well as Bessels’ natural academic distaste for Hall’s dis- tinctly un-academic personality, and then combines these with other highly suspicious facts (Bessels not allowing Budington to sample the medicine he was administering to Hall; Hall recovering somewhat when not being treated by Bessels), then one perhaps gains a comprehensive foundation for a case to answer in the often alleged murder of Charles Francis Hall. keywords: bessels; expedition; hall; polaris cache: polar-2650.pdf plain text: polar-2650.txt item: #309 of 461 id: polar-2651 author: Stempniewicz, Lech title: Polar bears observed climbing steep slopes to graze on scurvy grass in Svalbard date: 2017-06-15 words: 2744 flesch: 61 summary: Polar bears observed climbing steep slopes to graze on scurvy grass in Svalbard Lech Stempniewicz Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland ABSTRACT It is well known that polar bears feed on vegetation. Another, but not exclusive reason, is that vegetation containing scurvy grass is abundant enough to be efficiently grazed by such unspecialized plant-eaters as polar bears only on such relatively inaccessible, steep slopes below seabird colonies. keywords: 2015; arctic; bears; et al; grass; polar; scurvy; stempniewicz; svalbard cache: polar-2651.pdf plain text: polar-2651.txt item: #310 of 461 id: polar-2652 author: Blasina, Gabriela; Cazorla, Andrea Lopez; Antoni, Mariana Deli; Bruno, Daniel; Delpiani, Matías; Díaz de Astarloa, Juan Martín title: Ontogenetic changes in the feeding strategy of Lepidonotothen nudifrons (Pisces, Nototheniidae) off the South Shetland Islands and the Antarctic Peninsula date: 2017-06-19 words: 5878 flesch: 61 summary: Targett (1981) also provided evidence of an ontogenetic dietary change in L. nudifrons at South Georgia and the South Orkney Islands, where poly- chaetes and cumaceans were preyed upon by juve- nile fish, while mysids, shrimps and fish eggs were eaten by adult fish. Although the trophic level increased with fish size, L. nudifrons can be classified as secondary consumer throughout its lifespan. keywords: antarctic; biology; diet; et al; feeding; fish; food; nudifrons; prey; south; ssi cache: polar-2652.pdf plain text: polar-2652.txt item: #311 of 461 id: polar-2653 author: Gupta, Sandeep; Kanna, Nagaraju; Akilan, A. title: Volcanic passive continental margin beneath Maitri station in central DML, East Antarctica: constraints from crustal shear velocity through receiver function modelling date: 2017-06-28 words: 4073 flesch: 57 summary: The Maitri broadband seismic station is in the Indian Antarctica base station located in Schirmacher Oasis, near the Princess Astrid Coast, East Antarctica (Fig. 1b). The Antarctic continent is roughly divided into two large tectonic provinces: East Antarctica and West Antarctica, divided by the Transantarctic Mountains (Fig. 1a). keywords: antarctica; crust; crustal; east; layer; station; velocity cache: polar-2653.pdf plain text: polar-2653.txt item: #312 of 461 id: polar-2655 author: Mosbech, Anders; Lyngs, Peter; Johansen, Kasper Lambert title: Estimating little auk (Alle alle) breeding density and chick-feeding rate using video surveillance date: 2017-10-06 words: 4291 flesch: 64 summary: Estimating the number of active little auk nests on the basis of the video footage can be described as a process of pattern finding, gradually piecing together these different bits of information. The number and density of active little auk nests at the end of the breeding season in the two study plots at Qoororsuaq, north-west Greenland, 2012–13. keywords: alle; arctic; auk; birds; breeding; chick; density; feeding; greenland; nest; plot; video cache: polar-2655.pdf plain text: polar-2655.txt item: #313 of 461 id: polar-2656 author: Cao, Shunan; Peng, Fang; Zheng, Hongyuan; Liu, Chuanpeng; Zhou, Qiming title: Patterns of fungal–algal symbiont association in Usnea aurantiaco-atra reveal the succession of lichen–moss communities in Fildes Peninsula, Antarctica date: 2017-10-06 words: 3973 flesch: 53 summary: For the fungal ITS rDNA (498 bp after alignment), prostrate U. aurantiaco-atra showed relatively higher nucleotide diversity (0.0021 ± 0.0016), genetic diversity (0.5200 ± 0.1143) and molecular diver- sity indexes (1.022) than those with erect growth type (0.00160 ± 0.0013; 0.4918 ± 0.0590; 0.787, respectively). For the algal ITS rDNA (663 bp after alignment), U. aurantiaco-atra with prostrate growth had relatively lower nucleotide diversity (0.0023 ± 0.0016), genetic diversity (0.3415 ± 0.1104) and molecular diversity indexes (1.523) than individuals with erect growth (0.0023 ± 0.0016; 0.7585 ± 0.0238; 1.548, respectively). keywords: algal; atra; aurantiaco; disequilibrium; erect; fungal; growth; lichen; linkage; prostrate; rdna cache: polar-2656.pdf plain text: polar-2656.txt item: #314 of 461 id: polar-2657 author: Malavenda, Svetlana; Makarov, Mikhail; Ryzhik, Inna; Mityaeva, Maxim; Malavenda, Sergey title: Occurrence of Ulva lactuca L. 1753 (Ulvaceae, Chlorophyta) at the Murman Сoast of the Barents Sea date: 2018-09-06 words: 3602 flesch: 61 summary: Finding U. lactuca in Zelenetskaya Bay confirms the presence of the species on the Murman Coast, and adds to observations of the occurence of the species on other Barents Sea coasts. It is possible that these water masses also brought spores, gametes or zygotes of U. lactuca, which developed in Zelenetskaya Bay under the more favourable conditions. keywords: barents; bay; coast; lactuca; murman; sea; species; temperature; ulva; zelenetskaya cache: polar-2657.pdf plain text: polar-2657.txt item: #315 of 461 id: polar-2658 author: Lydersen, Christian; Vaquie-Garcia, Jade; Lydersen, Espen; Christensen, Guttorm N.; Kovacs, Kit M. title: Novel terrestrial haul-out behaviour by ringed seals (Pusa hispida) in Svalbard, in association with harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) date: 2017-10-06 words: 3723 flesch: 63 summary: Novel terrestrial haul-out behaviour by ringed seals (Pusa hispida) in Svalbard, in association with harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) RESEARCH ARTCLE Novel terrestrial haul-out behaviour by ringed seals (Pusa hispida) in Svalbard, in association with harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) Christian Lydersena, Jade Vaquie-Garciaa, Espen Lydersenb, Guttorm N. Christensenc & Kit M. Kovacsa aNorwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø, Norway; bUniversity College of Southeast Norway, Campus Bø, Norway; cAkvaplan-Niva, Tromsø, Norway ABSTRACT Ringed seals (Pusa hispida) are the most ice-associated of all Arctic pinnipeds. Recently, ringed seals have been reported to be using terrestrial substrates as a haul-out platform in some fjords on the west coast of Spitsbergen. keywords: arctic; harbour; haul; ice; kovacs; lydersen; phoca; seals; svalbard cache: polar-2658.pdf plain text: polar-2658.txt item: #316 of 461 id: polar-2659 author: Alexanderson, Helena; Landvik, Jon Y. title: Sediments of MIS 5e age suggested by new OSL dates from the Skilvika section, west Svalbard date: 2018-09-24 words: 4214 flesch: 60 summary: Results OSL ages from Formation 3 range from 263 ± 48 Ky to 66 ± 5 Ky, while the single sample from the base of Formation 7 is 21 ± 2 Ky (Table 2). However, considering the spread of OSL ages (149–90 Ky) as well as an apparent age overestimation of the Holocene sample in Formation 7 (Fig. 2), we need to look into some factors that could affect the ages. keywords: age; ages; dose; formation; landvik; mis; samples cache: polar-2659.pdf plain text: polar-2659.txt item: #317 of 461 id: polar-2662 author: Thijl Vanstreels, Ralph Eric; Ferreira Junior, Francisco C.; de Angeli Dutra, Daniela; Epiphanio, Sabrina; Braga, Érika M.; Pistorius, Pierre A.; Catão-Dias, José Luiz title: Investigation of Babesia sp. in pygoscelid penguins at the South Shetland Islands date: 2018-09-26 words: 3154 flesch: 49 summary: Discussion Despite our thorough re-examination of the samples from our previous study (Vanstreels et al. 2013), we could not find any morphological or molecular evi- dence of Babesia infections in Adélie, chinstrap and gentoo penguins on King George and Elephant islands. Considering the results of a recent study reporting Babesia sp. keywords: babesia; blood; et al; gene; islands; penguins; south; study; vanstreels cache: polar-2662.pdf plain text: polar-2662.txt item: #318 of 461 id: polar-2663 author: Gantz, J.D.; Spacht, Drew E.; Lee, Richard E. title: A preliminary survey of the terrestrial arthropods of the Rosenthal Islands, Antarctica date: 2018-09-04 words: 2979 flesch: 54 summary: KEYWORDS Antarctic Peninsula; maritime Antarctic; Collembola; mites; Belgica antarctica Introduction The purpose of this survey was to examine arthropod diversity and abundance in the Rosenthal Islands, which lie within the Antarctic Specially Managed Area No. 7 and are under consideration for designa- tion as an Antarctic Specially Protected Area. The Rosenthal Islands (64°35’S, 64°16ʹW) lie on the wes- tern edge of the Antarctic Peninsula, along the west coast of Anvers Island (Fig. 1). keywords: antarcticus; arthropods; islands; palmer; rosenthal; species; station; survey cache: polar-2663.pdf plain text: polar-2663.txt item: #319 of 461 id: polar-2671 author: Gordeev, Ilya I.; Mikryakov, Daniil V.; Balabanova, Lyudmila V.; Mikryakov, Veniamin R. title: Composition of leucocytes in peripheral blood of Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides, Smitt, 1898) (Nototheniidae) date: 2017-10-06 words: 2394 flesch: 56 summary: The composition of leukocytes in the Patagonian toothfish consists of the same types of leukocytes as the earlier studied Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni Norman, 1937), but the percentage of white blood cells in the leukocyte formula differs between the two species. Blood cells of Patagonian toothfish. keywords: blood; cells; eleginoides; et al; fishes; leukocytes; lymphocytes; patagonian; toothfish cache: polar-2671.pdf plain text: polar-2671.txt item: #320 of 461 id: polar-2679 author: Roberts, Peder title: Priestley’s progress: the life of Sir Raymond Priestley, Antarctic explorer, scientist, soldier, academician date: 2018-06-04 words: 579 flesch: 47 summary: Priestley’s progress: the life of Sir Raymond Priestley, Antarctic explorer, scientist, soldier, academician BOOK REVIEW Priestley’s progress: the life of Sir Raymond Priestley, Antarctic explorer, scientist, soldier, aca- demician, by Mike Bullock, Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2017, 197 pp., £38.95 (paperback), ISBN 978-0-7864- 7805-7 Raymond Priestley was a key figure in the “Heroic Age” of Antarctic exploration who travelled south with both Scott and Shackleton. This is a sentiment that I heartily agree with, even if this particular book cannot be regarded as the definitive scho- larly work on Priestley. keywords: antarctic; priestley cache: polar-2679.pdf plain text: polar-2679.txt item: #321 of 461 id: polar-2815 author: Prestvik, Tore; Duncan, Robert A. title: The geology and age of Peter I Øy, Antarctica date: 1991-01-03 words: 4103 flesch: 76 summary: Major (in wt.%) and trace element (in ppm) data for representative Peter I 0 Between The geology and age of Peter I Cay, Antarctica 91 Fig. 2. Aerial view of Peter I 0 keywords: age; fig; island; peter; prestvik; samples cache: polar-2815.pdf plain text: polar-2815.txt item: #322 of 461 id: polar-2818 author: Turner, John; Overland, Jim title: Contrasting climate change in the two polar regions date: 2009-08-01 words: 12854 flesch: 58 summary: In contrast, the extent of Antarctic sea ice has increased, with the greatest growth being in the autumn. Relationships between the interannual variability of Antarctic sea ice and the Southern Oscillation. keywords: 2007; 2008; antarctic; change; climate; climate change; et al; extent; ice; journal; ocean; peninsula; polar; research; sam; sea; sea ice; southern; surface; temperature; trends; turner; variability; warming cache: polar-2818.pdf plain text: polar-2818.txt item: #323 of 461 id: polar-2821 author: Amalvict, Martine; Willis, Pascal; Wöppelmann, Guy; Ivins, Erik R.; Bouin, Marie-Noëlle; Testut, Laurent; Hinderer, Jacques title: Isostatic stability of the East Antarctic station Dumont d’Urville from long-term geodetic observations and geophysical models date: 2009-08-01 words: 6465 flesch: 61 summary: Recent studies (Chen et al. 2006; Ramilien et al. 2006; Velicogna & Wahr 2006; Rignot et al. 2008) suggest the possibility of a recent (2002–06) acceleration of Antarctic mass loss. The 1993.0–2006.0 data were processed on a daily basis using the GIPSY/OASIS II software and a free-network approach, and were then combined at the normal matrix level into weekly free- network solutions (Willis et al. 2005). keywords: 2005; 2006; antarctic; data; ddu; doris; east; et al; gps; gravity; ice; mass; research; results; vertical; yr-1 cache: polar-2821.pdf plain text: polar-2821.txt item: #324 of 461 id: polar-2822 author: Gröndahl, Fredrik; Sidenmark, Johan; Thomsen, Ann title: Survey of waste water disposal practices at Antarctic research stations date: 2009-08-01 words: 8385 flesch: 65 summary: The waste water treatment for different types of research sta- tions in Antarctica No. of stations Sewage treatment (%) Permanent stations 41 63 Summer stations 26 31 Field stations 4 0 All stations 71 48 Table 3 Type of waste water treatment systems used at permanent and summer stations in Antarctica Type of treatment Permanent stations Summer stations Primary 1 Secondary 4 3 Tertiary 1 Primary & secondary 1 Primary, secondary, tertiary 1 Biological plant 8 1 Septic tank 2 3 Membrane & biological 1 Chemical & biological 1 Mechanical & UV filter 1 Electric field & disinfection 1 Maceration 4 Sewage treatment plant 1 No treatment 15 18 Total number of stations 41 26 Survey of waste water disposal practices at Antarctic research stationsF. Gröndahl et al. Waste water treatment is the process of removing physical, chemical and biological contaminants from waste water, and as a result it involves physical, chemical and biological processes. keywords: antarctic; e d; e n; e r; io n; m e; n d; n n; n o; n s; n t; st e; stations; treatment; waste; water cache: polar-2822.pdf plain text: polar-2822.txt item: #325 of 461 id: polar-2823 author: Willmes, Sascha; Bareiss, Jörg; Haas, Christian; Nicolaus, Marcel title: Observing snowmelt dynamics on fast ice in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, with NOAA/AVHRR data and field measurements date: 2009-08-01 words: 6161 flesch: 58 summary: NDSII values were subsequently calculated from the simulated TOA albedo to investigate how they change with increasing AWV. The fact that surface monitoring with AVHRR images is limited to clear-sky conditions results in very poor coverage of NDSII values for some years. keywords: 2003; data; doy; ice; index; june; kongsfjorden; melt; ndsii; snow; snowmelt; surface; values cache: polar-2823.pdf plain text: polar-2823.txt item: #326 of 461 id: polar-2824 author: Nagy, Jenö; Reolid, Matías; Rodríguez-Tovar, Francisco J. title: Foraminiferal morphogroups in dysoxic shelf deposits from the Jurassic of Spitsbergen date: 2009-08-01 words: 3600 flesch: 40 summary: Benthic foraminiferal morphogroups of mid to outer shelf environments of the Late Jurassic (Prebetic Zone, southern Spain): characterization of biofacies and environmental significance. Foraminiferal morphogroups, paleoenvironments and new taxa from Jurassic to Cretaceous strata of Thakkhola, Nepal. keywords: fig; foraminiferal; infaunal; morphogroup; nagy; section; species; spitsbergen; subgroup cache: polar-2824.pdf plain text: polar-2824.txt item: #327 of 461 id: polar-2826 author: Reinhardt Nielsen, Martin title: Is climate change causing the increasing narwhal (Monodon monoceros) catches in Smith Sound, Greenland? date: 2009-08-01 words: 5520 flesch: 59 summary: The catch statistics show a significant increase in narwhal catches by hunters in Siora- paluk after 2002, which does not appear to be a result of increased effort. The aim of this paper is therefore to evaluate the recent changes in narwhal catches in Siorapaluk, in con- sideration of the effects of changing climate as well as the uncertainty of stock delineation. keywords: 2004; arctic; catch; change; climate; greenland; heide; hunters; hunting; ice; jørgensen; narwhal; research; sea; sound; stock cache: polar-2826.pdf plain text: polar-2826.txt item: #328 of 461 id: polar-2829 author: Dwyer, Mark J.; Istomin, Kirill V. title: Komi reindeer herding: the effects of socialist and post-socialist change on mobility and land use date: 2009-08-01 words: 9871 flesch: 61 summary: No Job Name Komi reindeer herding: the effects of socialist and post-socialist change on mobility and land usepor_108 282..297 Mark J. Dwyer1 & Kirill V. Istomin2 1 Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge, CB2 3EN, UK 2 Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, Advokatenweg 36, DE-06114 Halle/Saale, Germany Abstract This paper contributes to the discussion concerning the way in which Soviet state policies have influenced the lives, social organization, economy and culture of a group of indigenous Komi reindeer herders of northern Russia: its main focus is to explain how these policies have changed the herders’ patterns of migration and land use. They achieved this by providing reindeer herders with free flats in villages, forcing the transition from Polar Research 28 2009 282–297 © 2009 The Authors282 mailto:istomin@eth.mpg.de “family nomadism” to “productive nomadism” (i.e., the system in which male and some female members of rein- deer herding families move, while the majority of female members and children pursue a settled way of life in a town or village), as well as introducing “shifting pastur- ing” (Fondahl 1989; Krupnik 2000; Jernsletten & Klokov 2002). keywords: brigades; herders; herding; inta; kolhoz; komi; komi reindeer; land; migration; pastures; period; reindeer; reindeer herders; routes; sovhoz; state; winter; winter pastures cache: polar-2829.pdf plain text: polar-2829.txt item: #329 of 461 id: polar-2833 author: Cooper, Elisabeth title: Review of Plants at the margin. Ecological limits and climate change date: 2009-08-01 words: 644 flesch: 55 summary: Many other books about plant ecology focus on plant life in well-established, stable-state vegetation types. K R E V I E W por_124 310 Review of Plants at the margin. keywords: crawford; plants cache: polar-2833.pdf plain text: polar-2833.txt item: #330 of 461 id: polar-2834 author: Barr, Susan title: Review of The expeditions of the first International Polar Year 1882–83, by William Barr date: 2009-08-01 words: 1543 flesch: 63 summary: It is useful, in addition, that the author of this book, William Barr (no relation to this reviewer!), also men- tions several small auxiliary expeditions, as he calls them, which were mostly one-man shows, as well as the fact that many meteorological/magnetic observations were taken by observatories worldwide, as a supplement to the main IPY programme. The last sentence of his introduction, which states that “These pages in the history of polar expeditions have remained blank for far too long” (p. 9) is not as appropriate now in 2008 as it was in 1985, as the IPY expeditions and stations have been the focus of various studies in recent years. keywords: barr; book; expeditions; ipy cache: polar-2834.pdf plain text: polar-2834.txt item: #331 of 461 id: polar-2835 author: Capelotti, P. J. title: Review of Explorer: the life of Richard E. Byrd, by Lisle A. Rose date: 2009-08-01 words: 2283 flesch: 63 summary: Byrd is variously “Byrd”, “Richard”, “Dick”, “Dickie”, “REB”, “Richard Byrd”, “Dick Byrd”, etc. When it came to the “Big Nail”, and recalling that Elisha Kent Kane and Isaac Israel Hayes claimed far more progress northwards towards a chimeri- cal “open polar sea” than they ever managed, or recalling the poisoning of Charles Francis Hall, the US Navy’s Jeannette failure, the US Army’s Greely catastrophe, the magnificent calumnies of Frederick Cook, Robert Peary, and, yes, Richard Byrd—not to mention the tragicomic efforts of Walter Wellman, Evelyn Baldwin and Anthony Fiala—it is clear that the American action hero failed, failed repeatedly, and failed mightily. keywords: author; byrd; polar; pole; richard cache: polar-2835.pdf plain text: polar-2835.txt item: #332 of 461 id: polar-2839 author: Goldman, Helle V. title: From the institute’s Photo Library date: 2009-08-01 words: 285 flesch: 50 summary: No Job Name From the institute’s Photo Librarypor_130 320 doi:10.1111/j.1751-8369.2009.00130.x Along the beaches of the fjord Van Keulenfjorden, Spitsbergen, lie mounds of white whale (Delphinapterus leucas) bones, remains of whale hunting in earlier times. Russian whalers in Svalbard began harvesting white whales for their blubber and skin in the 18th century. keywords: whales cache: polar-2839.pdf plain text: polar-2839.txt item: #333 of 461 id: polar-2844 author: Madsen, Jesper; Tombre, Ingunn; Eide, Nina E. title: Effects of disturbance on geese in Svalbard: implications for regulating increasing tourism date: 2009-12-01 words: 10210 flesch: 65 summary: In 1987, a total of 98 nests of brent geese and 17 nests of barnacle geese were found in Tiholmane (Madsen et al. 1989). Pink-footed geese were found in larger flocks than bar- nacle geese and brent geese (pink-footed geese, 18 � 2.7 geese, range 2–143, n = 88; barnacle geese, 7 � 1.4 geese, range 1–48, n = 41; brent geese, 4 � 1.4 geese, range 2–11, n = 6). keywords: 2009; arctic; barnacle; barnacle geese; breeding; brent; data; distances; disturbance; et al; geese; goose; human; madsen; polar; research; svalbard cache: polar-2844.pdf plain text: polar-2844.txt item: #334 of 461 id: polar-2845 author: Hernández, Edgardo A.; Ferreyra, Gustavo A.; Ruberto, Lucas A.M.; Mac Cormack, Walter P. title: The water column as an attenuating factor of the UVR effects on bacteria from a coastal Antarctic marine environment date: 2009-12-01 words: 6212 flesch: 58 summary: UV effect on Antarctic bacteria E.A. Hernández et al. Polar Research 28 2009 UV effect on Antarctic bacteriaE.A. Hernández et al. Polar Research 28 2009 keywords: cbc; depths; effect; radiation; surface; water cache: polar-2845.pdf plain text: polar-2845.txt item: #335 of 461 id: polar-2846 author: Coulson, Stephen James; Lorentzen, Erlend; Strøm, Hallvard; Wing Gabrielsen, Geir title: The parasitic tick Ixodes uriae (Acari: Ixodidae) on seabirds from Spitsbergen, Svalbard date: 2009-12-01 words: 2545 flesch: 63 summary: However, ticks were not seen on Brünnich’s guillemots examined at the smaller Krossfjorden colony, and neither were they observed in two black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) colonies (Blomstrandhalvøya and Krykkjefjellet). Materials and methods During July 2007, Brünnich’s guillemots and black- legged kittiwakes from the Kongsfjorden region of Spitsbergen (Fig. 1) were hand-searched for ticks. keywords: brünnich; colonies; ixodes; svalbard; tick; uriae cache: polar-2846.pdf plain text: polar-2846.txt item: #336 of 461 id: polar-2847 author: Primo, Carmen; Vázquez, Elsa title: Antarctic ascidians: an isolated and homogeneous fauna date: 2009-12-01 words: 9174 flesch: 66 summary: The different sampling efforts make comparisons among different Antarctic sectors difficult; even so, the identification of Antarctic ascidian species is increasing (Primo 2006; Varela 2007; Primo & Vázquez 2007b). First, a high percentage of endemic species in the whole Antarctic region and a low percentage of sector endemism (Table 3) corroborate the hypothesis of a very homogeneous Antarctic ascidian fauna. keywords: antarctic; e m; e n; m o; n io; n n; n u; o n; region; u m; ✓ c; ✓ p; ✓ s; ✓ ✓ cache: polar-2847.pdf plain text: polar-2847.txt item: #337 of 461 id: polar-2848 author: Yebra, Lidia; Hernández-León, Santiago; Almeida, Carlos; Bécognée, Pierrick title: Metabolism and biomass vertical distribution of zooplankton in the Bransfield Strait during the austral summer of 2000 date: 2009-12-01 words: 7529 flesch: 63 summary: More recently, the influence of the physical environment on zooplankton species distribution, as well as their role in energy flow, has been studied using indices of physiologi- cal processes (Bergeron et al. 1985; Schalk 1990; Drits et al. 1993; Hernández-León et al. 1999; Hernández-León et al. 2000). Zooplankton biomass and abundance in the Bransfield Strait have been studied during the austral spring and summer seasons (Alcaraz et al. 1998; Hernández-León et al. 1999; Hernández-León et al. 2000; Cabal et al. 2002; Calbet et al. 2005), showing a great interannual variability. keywords: antarctic; biomass; depth; et al; ets; hernández; león; m-2; marine; night; polar; production; research; respiration; summer; zooplankton cache: polar-2848.pdf plain text: polar-2848.txt item: #338 of 461 id: polar-2849 author: van den Hoff, John; Ferris, John M. title: Pleomorphism in the Antarctic flagellate Pyramimonas gelidicola (Prasinophyceae, Chlorophyta) date: 2009-12-01 words: 3962 flesch: 57 summary: Materials and methods The sample collection, cell culture and microscope obser- vation methods for the investigation of P. gelidicola cells from Ace Lake, Antarctica, have been detailed previously in van den Hoff et al. (1989). These scale types are typical of motile quadriflagellate P. gelidicola cells (McFadden et al. 1982). keywords: cell; fig; gelidicola; pyramimonas; species; stage cache: polar-2849.pdf plain text: polar-2849.txt item: #339 of 461 id: polar-2850 author: Joly, Kyle; Jandt, Randi R.; Klein, David R. title: Decrease of lichens in Arctic ecosystems: the role of wildfire, caribou, reindeer, competition and climate in north-western Alaska date: 2009-12-01 words: 7639 flesch: 64 summary: Shrub height and cover extent is also expected to increase with climate warming (Chapin et al. 1995; van Wijk et al. 2003; Walker et al. 2006), and studies using aerial photography indicate that shrub expansion is already occurring in Arctic and sub-Arctic Alaska (Sturm et al. 2001; Tape et al. 2006). Hegg- berget et al. keywords: 2007; alaska; arctic; caribou; change; climate; cover; ecosystems; et al; fire; grazing; jandt; jandt et; joly; klein; lichens; range; rangifer; reindeer; research; tundra; warming; winter cache: polar-2850.pdf plain text: polar-2850.txt item: #340 of 461 id: polar-2851 author: Horton, Travis W.; Blum, Joel D.; Xie, Zhouqing; Hren, Michael; Chamberlain, C. Page title: Stable isotope food-web analysis and mercury biomagnification in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) date: 2009-12-01 words: 9165 flesch: 53 summary: This study provides a baseline from which current and future effects of Hg deposition and climate change on polar bear Hg exposure can be referenced. Nitrogen The 5.3‰ range in polar bear hair d15N values reported here (Fig. 2; Table 1) exceeds the range in polar bear tissue values recognized in earlier studies (Hobson & Welch 1992; Atwell et al. 1998). keywords: arctic; bear; concentrations; d13c; d15n; data; et al; food; hair; hobson; hobson et; ice; m n; mercury; polar; values; web cache: polar-2851.pdf plain text: polar-2851.txt item: #341 of 461 id: polar-2852 author: Ingólfsson, Ólafur; Wiig, Øystein title: Late Pleistocene fossil find in Svalbard: the oldest remains of a polar bear (Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1744) ever discovered date: 2009-12-01 words: 4617 flesch: 67 summary: The comparative study of other available subfossil polar bear remains did not reveal any significant change in size of polar bears during the Late Quaternary. Keywords Late Pleistocene; polar bear; Prins Karls Forland; subfossil; Svalbard; Ursus maritimus. keywords: age; bear; brown; fig; length; mandible; polar; poolepynten; subfossil; svalbard; unit; ursus cache: polar-2852.pdf plain text: polar-2852.txt item: #342 of 461 id: polar-2853 author: Capelotti, P.J. title: Further to the death of Sigurd B. Myhre at Camp Abruzzi, Rudolf Island, Franz Josef Land, during the Ziegler Polar Expedition, 16 May 1904 date: 2009-12-01 words: 3426 flesch: 72 summary: The possibility that Myhre was suffering from the end stages of some other undiagnosed terminal illness cannot Further to the death of Sigurd B. Myhre P.J. Capelotti Polar Research 28 2008 463–467 © 2008 The Author466 be discounted, but this possibility seems unlikely to have escaped the notice of Shorkley. Further to the death of Sigurd B. Myhre P.J. Capelotti Polar Research 28 2008 463–467 © 2008 keywords: abruzzi; camp; cape; expedition; fiala; myhre; polar; shorkley cache: polar-2853.pdf plain text: polar-2853.txt item: #343 of 461 id: polar-2854 author: Vongraven, Dag title: Guest editorial—the ballyhoo over polar bears date: 2009-12-01 words: 3011 flesch: 57 summary: Thirteen of the 19 globally recog- nized populations of polar bear are partly or fully under Canadian jurisdiction, and they comprise about two- thirds of the world’s number of polar bears. Polar bear populations in this context are not really true populations in the strict biological sense. keywords: bears; climate; conservation; iucn; meeting; polar; populations; species cache: polar-2854.pdf plain text: polar-2854.txt item: #344 of 461 id: polar-2855 author: Elias, Scott title: Review of Point Hope Alaska: life on frozen water, by Berit Arnestad Foote date: 2009-12-01 words: 1159 flesch: 72 summary: K R E V I E W por_136 468..469 Review of Point Hope Alaska: life on frozen water, by Berit Arnestad Foote (2009). This beautifully illustrated book documents three years in the life of Point Hope, Alaska. keywords: book; hope; people; point cache: polar-2855.pdf plain text: polar-2855.txt item: #345 of 461 id: polar-2856 author: Capelotti, P. J. title: Review of How Peary reached the pole: the personal story of his assistant, by Donald B. MacMillan date: 2009-12-01 words: 1831 flesch: 61 summary: Peary invited MacMillan on his 1905/06 polar expedition, but a contractual obligation forced MacMillan to decline. When Peary failed to reach the pole in 1906, he again invited MacMillan north, and so at the age of 33, MacMillan found himself as a member of Peary’s last great attempt to reach the goal of his lifetime. keywords: cook; macmillan; peary; polar; pole cache: polar-2856.pdf plain text: polar-2856.txt item: #346 of 461 id: polar-2857 author: Polsky, Colin title: Review of Climate change and globalization in the Arctic: an integrated approach to vulnerability assessment, by E. Carina H. Keskitalo date: 2009-12-01 words: 1210 flesch: 41 summary: 474 Review of Climate change and globalization in the Arctic: an integrated approach to vulnerability assessment, by E. Carina H. Keskitalo (2008). Also common to the three sectors examined is the question of the uncertainty posed by climate change: depending on the particular manifestation of climate change in local places, the impact could be positive or negative. keywords: change; climate; research; vulnerability cache: polar-2857.pdf plain text: polar-2857.txt item: #347 of 461 id: polar-2859 author: Goldman, Helle V. title: From the editor: halfway through the IPY—halfway for an Antarctic traverse date: 2008-04-01 words: 2432 flesch: 58 summary: Along the route, scientists and technicians extract ice cores, make detailed meteo- rological observations, measure ice depth, investigate ice dynamics, survey under-ice geology and deploy instru- ments that will continue to furnish data after the IPY is over. Extracting ice cores turned out to be difficult at sites where meagre annual snowfall and annual mean temperatures of around –55°C made the ice fragile, particularly close to the surface. keywords: antarctica; expedition; ice; norwegian; photo; polar; station cache: polar-2859.pdf plain text: polar-2859.txt item: #348 of 461 id: polar-2861 author: Nakatsubo, Takayuki; Yoshitake, Shinpei; Uchida, Masaki; Uchida, Masao; Shibata, Yasuyuki; Koizumi, Hiroshi title: Organic carbon and microbial biomass in a raised beach deposit under terrestrial vegetation in the High Arctic, Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard date: 2008-04-01 words: 3180 flesch: 58 summary: 20 cm below the ground surface had a (not calibrated) 14C age of 11080 � 140 yr BP, whereas soil organic carbon in the same deposit showed an older 14C age (22380 � 90 yr BP). The graphitization of soil organic carbon was carried out according to a procedure used by Uchida et al. (2004, 2005). keywords: atp; beach; biomass; carbon; organic; research; soil cache: polar-2861.pdf plain text: polar-2861.txt item: #349 of 461 id: polar-2871 author: Baughman, T. H. title: Review of Footsteps on the ice: the Antarctic diaries of Stuart D. Paine, Second Byrd Expedition, by M.L. Paine date: 2008-04-01 words: 1154 flesch: 65 summary: Stuart Paine’s diary peels away the decades and our current notion of today’s Antarctica—replete with tourist ships and recreated expeditions, wherein the dogs can be airlifted out if necessary—to a time when leaving for Antarctica meant being away from one’s family for the better part of two or three years, and sharing what can be a stress-ridden existence with 55 other men. But if you are a serious Antarctic buff who wants to learn something new, and really get inside one of the early expeditions of the 20th century, Paine’s volume will be a compelling read. keywords: byrd; expedition; paine cache: polar-2871.pdf plain text: polar-2871.txt item: #350 of 461 id: polar-2920 author: Henderson-Sellers, Ann title: Review of Climate change: the science, impacts and solutions, by A. Barrie Pittock date: 2010-04-01 words: 783 flesch: 64 summary: K R E V I E W por_144 139..140 Review of Climate change: the science, impacts and solutions, by A. Barrie Pittock (2009). Topics include “Learning from the past”, “Projecting the future”, “Uncer- tainty is inevitable but risk is certain”, followed by specific chapters detailing what climate changes are likely, the consequential impacts, and the specifics of adaptation and mitigation strategies. keywords: book; change; climate cache: polar-2920.pdf plain text: polar-2920.txt item: #351 of 461 id: polar-2921 author: Goldman, Helle title: From the institute's Photo Library date: 2010-04-01 words: 282 flesch: 42 summary: Images documenting Norwegian activities in the Arctic and Antarctic comprise the bulk of the collection. The Norwegian Polar Institute’s Photo Library preserves some 90 000 polar-related images captured during the last 135 years, including glass plates and slides, stereo images, print photographs and modern digital photographs. keywords: norwegian cache: polar-2921.pdf plain text: polar-2921.txt item: #352 of 461 id: polar-2922 author: Lachlan-Cope, Tom title: Antarctic clouds date: 2010-08-01 words: 6363 flesch: 59 summary: However, at the South Pole during winter the tempera- ture is such that it can be assumed that most of the clouds observed are ice crystal clouds. At temperatures below -25 to -30°C the clouds are predominately ice clouds made up of columnar ice crystals or small ice particles. keywords: antarctic; climate; cloud; crystals; et al; ice; journal; measurements; observations; pole; south; surface cache: polar-2922.pdf plain text: polar-2922.txt item: #353 of 461 id: polar-2924 author: Yurco, Lyanne N.; Ortiz, Joseph D.; Polyak, Leonid; Darby, Dennis A.; Crawford, Kevin A. title: Clay mineral cycles identified by diffuse spectral reflectance in Quaternary sediments from the Northwind Ridge: implications for glacial–interglacial sedimentation patterns in the Arctic Ocean date: 2010-08-01 words: 14149 flesch: 59 summary: In the process, detrital dolomite, an important constitu- ent of Arctic Ocean sediment, was dissolved away. Arctic Ocean sediments: processes, proxies, and paleoenvironment. keywords: 2003; 2008; acid; arctic; arctic ocean; circulation; clay; core; cycles; darby; darby et; et al; factor; fig; glacial; ice; journal; mineral; northwind; ocean; p25; polar; polyak et; research; ridge; samples; sea; sediment; smectite; yurco et cache: polar-2924.pdf plain text: polar-2924.txt item: #354 of 461 id: polar-2925 author: Heide-Jørgensen, M.P.; Laidre, K.L.; Borchers, D.; Marques, T.A.; Stern, H.; Simon, M. title: The effect of sea-ice loss on beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in West Greenland date: 2010-08-01 words: 7111 flesch: 62 summary: Keywords Beluga; climate change; line transect; sea ice; West Greenland. The aerial surveys conducted off West Greenland since 1981 constitute the only time series of winter habitat use by Arctic ceta- ceans that extends sufficiently far back in time to include a period when sea ice was not declining in the Arctic. keywords: 2006; abundance; area; belugas; greenland; heide; ice; jørgensen; sea; survey; west cache: polar-2925.pdf plain text: polar-2925.txt item: #355 of 461 id: polar-2926 author: Gardiner, Kathleen; Dick, Terry A. title: Arctic cephalopod distributions and their associated predators date: 2010-08-01 words: 9177 flesch: 59 summary: By contrast, data on the biogeography of Arctic cephalopods are still incomplete. The objectives of this work are to: (1) consolidate all distributional data to a single source; (2) present maps to identify areas of biodiversity interest and potential feeding areas (i.e., predator–prey interactions); and (3) establish a baseline for future comparisons, including climate change effects in the Arctic. Materials and methods Initial queries into Arctic cephalopods were conducted using the Global Biodiversity Information Facility website (http://www.gbif.org/). keywords: arctic; atlantic; bay; canadian; cephalopods; database; dick; distribution; et al; fabricii; fig; gonatus; greenland; nesis; north; norwegian; ocean; predators; research; sea; species; squid; strait; whale cache: polar-2926.pdf plain text: polar-2926.txt item: #356 of 461 id: polar-2927 author: Dodds, Klaus title: Guest editorial—the 1959 Antarctic Treaty: reflecting on the 50th anniversary of a landmark agreement date: 2010-08-01 words: 4025 flesch: 55 summary: No Job Name Guest editorial—the 1959 Antarctic Treaty: reflecting on the 50th anniversary of a landmark agreement doi:10.1111/j.1751-8369.2010.00163.x Commemorating a particular anniversary is always an arbitrary affair, an act of whimsy. The year 2009 has proven no different in terms of representing a temporal marker for the 50th anniversary of the signing of the 1959 Antarctic Treaty. keywords: 2009; 2010; antarctic; antarctic treaty; argentina; dodds; new; polar; research; treaty cache: polar-2927.pdf plain text: polar-2927.txt item: #357 of 461 id: polar-2928 author: Wenzel, George W. title: Review of Biocultural diversity and indigenous ways of knowing: human ecology in the Arctic, by Karim-Aly S. Kassam date: 2010-08-01 words: 751 flesch: 47 summary: K R E V I E W por_175 228 Review of Biocultural diversity and indigenous ways of knowing: human ecology in the Arctic, by Karim-Aly S. Kassam (2009). The perspective put forth in Human ecology in the Arctic by K.-A. Kassam, although not one that is fundamentally foreign to Northern social scientists, is intended to chal- lenge what I suspect the author considers more orthodox and less socially aware approaches to research. keywords: kassam; knowledge cache: polar-2928.pdf plain text: polar-2928.txt item: #358 of 461 id: polar-2929 author: Burns, Jennifer M. title: Review of Recent mammals of Alaska, by S.O. MacDonald and J.A. Cook date: 2010-08-01 words: 1836 flesch: 49 summary: The emphasis is also apparent in the individual species accounts, where the range maps for each species indicate Alaskan collection locations much more clearly than species distribution. Thus, the interplay between climate, habitats and species distribution remains unexplored. keywords: alaska; book; collections; species; text cache: polar-2929.pdf plain text: polar-2929.txt item: #359 of 461 id: polar-2930 author: Goldman, Helle title: From the institute’s Photo Library date: 2010-08-01 words: 204 flesch: 29 summary: Images documenting Norwegian activities in the Arctic and Antarctic comprise the bulk of the collection. The Norwegian Polar Institute’s Photo Library preserves some 90 000 polar-related images captured during the last 135 years, including glass plates and slides, stereo images, print photographs and modern digital photographs. keywords: norwegian cache: polar-2930.pdf plain text: polar-2930.txt item: #360 of 461 id: polar-2932 author: Majka, Jaroslaw; Czerny, Jerzy; Mazur, Stanislaw; Holm, Daniel K.; Manecki, Maciej title: Neoproterozoic metamorphic evolution of the Isbjørnhamna Group rocks from south-western Svalbard date: 2010-12-01 words: 8597 flesch: 56 summary: The VKZ separates the Neoproterozoic metamorphic complex from the remaining part of the south-western terranes of Svalbard, which were sub- jected to younger, early Palaeozoic metamorphism (Gee & Tebenkov 2004; Czerny et al. 2010). The geothermobarometric results are consistent with previous preliminary estimates of the P–T rock- forming conditions (Smulikowski 1965; Czerny et al. 1993; Majka et al. 2004). keywords: biotite; et al; formation; garnet; geological; group; isbjørnhamna; majka; metamorphism; mica; mineral; neoproterozoic; polar; pressure; rocks; schists; svalbard cache: polar-2932.pdf plain text: polar-2932.txt item: #361 of 461 id: polar-2933 author: Dethleff, Dirk; Kuhlmann, Gesa title: Fram Strait sea-ice sediment provinces based on silt and clay compositions identify Siberian Kara and Laptev seas as main source regions date: 2010-12-01 words: 13922 flesch: 66 summary: At present, significant late summer retreat of Arctic sea ice can be observed on the shallow Siberian and Western Arctic shelf seas (Fig. 1), where processes of sediment entrainment into newly forming ice are most effective during the autumn freeze-up period and in winter polynyas at water depths shallower than 50 m (Reimnitz et al. 1993; A key source area and constraints on entrainment for basin-scale sediment transport by Arctic sea ice. keywords: arctic; clay; dethleff; entrainment; et al; fram; fram strait; ice; journal; kara; laptev; research; sea; sea ice; sediment; shelf; silt; sis; strait; western cache: polar-2933.pdf plain text: polar-2933.txt item: #362 of 461 id: polar-2934 author: Kubischta, Frauke; Knudsen, Karen Luise; Kaakinen, Anu; Salonen, Veli-Pekka title: Late Quaternary foraminiferal record in Murchisonfjorden, Nordaustlandet, Svalbard date: 2010-12-01 words: 9046 flesch: 51 summary: The seven sections, which were recently reported on by Kaakinen et al. (2009) are situated along the shores of Isvika on the southern side of Murchisonfjorden in Nordaustlandet, Svalbard (Fig. 1). Kaakinen et al. (2009) identified a total of 12 lithofacies units, and recognized evidence from three depositional sequences. keywords: assemblage; elphidium; et al; foraminifera; holocene; late; marine; murchisonfjorden; nordaustlandet; polar; quaternary; research; sample; species; svalbard; unit; weichselian; zone cache: polar-2934.pdf plain text: polar-2934.txt item: #363 of 461 id: polar-2936 author: Sankelo, Paula; Haapala, Jari; Heiler, István; Rinne, Eero title: Melt pond formation and temporal evolution at the drifting station Tara during summer 2007 date: 2010-12-01 words: 8163 flesch: 62 summary: The modelling of sea ice melt water ponds for the High Arctic using an airborne line scan camera, and applied to the Satellite Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I). Observations of melt ponds on Arctic sea ice. keywords: 2008; arctic; classification; coverage; et al; fraction; ice; july; june; melt; pond; research; sea; summer; tara cache: polar-2936.pdf plain text: polar-2936.txt item: #364 of 461 id: polar-2937 author: Núñez-Riboni, Ismael; Fahrbach, Eberhard title: An observation of the banded structure of the Antarctic Coastal Current at the prime meridian date: 2010-12-01 words: 5361 flesch: 63 summary: A comparison with a numerical model and the proximity of two of these current cores to the ice shelf suggest that they split from the Antarctic Coastal Current because of the influence of sea ice on the surface drag. The thick black contours in (a) indicate zero-velocity isolines, the diamonds show the positions of the moored instruments used to detide the ADCP velocities, and the grey disc at the surface (near 69.5°S) shows the position where sea ice with 10% concentration was observed in the ASPeCt programme. keywords: antarctic; current; et al; fig; ice; sea; shelf; structure; velocities cache: polar-2937.pdf plain text: polar-2937.txt item: #365 of 461 id: polar-2939 author: Paatero, Jussi; Buyukay, Murat; Holmén, Kim; Hatakka, Juha; Viisanen, Yrjö title: Seasonal variation and source areas of airborne lead-210 at Ny-Ålesund in the High Arctic date: 2010-12-01 words: 4406 flesch: 61 summary: Suzuki et al. (1996) reported 210Pb activity concentrations ranging from 83 to 1204 mBq m-3, and an average con- centration of 325 mBq m-3 at Ny-Ålesund in February– March 1995. On the other hand, most of the trajectory starting points coincident with the highest 5% of 210Pb activity concentrations, >400 mBq m-3, are located over Siberia (Fig. 4). keywords: 210pb; activity; air; airborne; arctic; concentrations; m-3; mbq; paatero; station cache: polar-2939.pdf plain text: polar-2939.txt item: #366 of 461 id: polar-2941 author: Laturnus, Frank; Svensson, Teresia; Wiencke, Christian title: Release of reactive organic halogens by the brown macroalga Saccharina latissima after exposure to ultraviolet radiation date: 2010-12-01 words: 4024 flesch: 52 summary: No Job Name Release of reactive organic halogens by the brown macroalga Saccharina latissima after exposure to ultraviolet radiationpor_167 379..384 Frank Laturnus,1 Teresia Svensson2 & Christian Wiencke3 1 Institute for Biogeochemistry and Marine Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Bundesstraße 55, DE-20146 Hamburg, Germany 2 Department of Thematic Studies—Water and Environmental Studies, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden 3 Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, DE-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany Abstract The brown macroalga Saccharina latissima (Linnaeus) C.E. Lane, C. Mayes, Druehl & G.W. Saunders (formerly Laminaria saccharina [L.] Lamouroux) was exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in the mW UV-A and mW UV-B range in the laboratory for up to 28 days. From these rates, the total emission of reactive organic halogens was calculated. keywords: emission; exposure; halogens; iodine; macroalgae; marine; ozone; par; radiation; research; uvr cache: polar-2941.pdf plain text: polar-2941.txt item: #367 of 461 id: polar-2942 author: Nakatsubo, Takayuki; Fujiyoshi, Masaaki; Yoshitake, Shinpei; Koizumi, Hiroshi; Uchida, Masaki title: Colonization of the polar willow Salix polaris on the early stage of succession after glacier retreat in the High Arctic, Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard date: 2010-12-01 words: 3960 flesch: 53 summary: (a) The size distri- bution of Salix individuals found in quadrat A (n = 115). Our results did not support this hypothesis: about 75% of Salix individuals had colonized bare ground, although only four individuals grew within Saxi- fraga colonies (Table 2). keywords: colonization; glacier; polar; salix; saxifraga; site; stage; study cache: polar-2942.pdf plain text: polar-2942.txt item: #368 of 461 id: polar-2943 author: Labansen, Aili Lage; Merkel, Flemming; Boertmann, David; Nyeland, Jens title: Status of the black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) breeding population in Greenland, 2008 date: 2010-12-01 words: 8389 flesch: 62 summary: One new colony was recorded in north-east and two new colonies were recorded in south-east Greenland, although the name of one of the latter colonies indicates that the site has previously been occupied by kittiwakes Table 1 Distribution of the number (N) of kittiwake colonies and number of apparently occupied nests (AONs) by the most recent survey year in West Greenland. Region Municipality Number of colonies Number of AONsTotal Occupied North Qaanaaq 4 4 35 666 North-west Upernavik 42 32 6230 Uummannaq 39 12 732 Qeqertarsuaq 6 2 75 Ilulissat 40 17 22 034 Qasigiannguit 12 5 323 Aasiaat 1 0 0 Kangaatsiaq 35 17 1065 Subtotal north-west 175 85 28 376 South-west Sisimiut 5 1 50 Maniitsoq 35 29 32 421 Nuuk 7 5 905 Subtotal south-west 47 35 33 376 South Paamiut 8 4 3295 Qaqortoq 3 3 188 Narsaq 5 4 299 Nanortalik 4 4 65 Subtotal south 20 15 3847 West Greenland total 246 139 103 348 North-east 12 12 3537 South-east 4 3 ca. 200 TOTAL 262 155 107 085 Kittiwake population status in Greenland A.L. Labansen et al. keywords: breeding; colonies; et al; greenland; h n; h p; july; population; upernavik; west cache: polar-2943.pdf plain text: polar-2943.txt item: #369 of 461 id: polar-2944 author: Soininen, Eeva M.; Hübner, Christiane E.; Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S. title: Food selection by barnacle geese (Branta leucopsis) in an Arctic pre-breeding area date: 2010-12-01 words: 6485 flesch: 64 summary: Polar Research 29 2010 404–412 © 2010 the authors, journal compilation © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd 409 Detecting and selecting grasses in a moss carpet Geese feeding on small grass tillers have a small bite size, resulting in low intake rates (Hassal et al. 2001). Grass tiller density or spatial tiller distribution did not affect the degree of selectivity of geese for grass. keywords: arctic; barnacle; biomass; density; food; geese; grass; plots; selection; tillers; vegetation cache: polar-2944.pdf plain text: polar-2944.txt item: #370 of 461 id: polar-2945 author: Fox, Anthony D.; Glahder, Christian M. title: Post-moult distribution and abundance of white-fronted geese and Canada geese in West Greenland in 2007 date: 2010-12-01 words: 5423 flesch: 60 summary: Identification of source population for Greenland Canada geese: genetic assessment of a recent colonization. Canada geese are behaviourally dominant over the endemic Greenland white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons flavirostris) during the flightless moult period when access to food becomes potentially limiting (Kristiansen & Jarrett 2002). keywords: area; canada; fox; geese; goose; greenland; moult; species; west; white cache: polar-2945.pdf plain text: polar-2945.txt item: #371 of 461 id: polar-2946 author: Xuezheng, Lin; Shuoshuo, Cui; Guoying, Xu; Shuai, Wang; Ning, Du; Jihong, Shen title: Cloning and heterologous expression of two cold-active lipases from the Antarctic bacterium Psychrobacter sp. G date: 2010-12-01 words: 4484 flesch: 55 summary: Polar Research 29 2010 421–429 © 2010 the authors, journal compilation © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd426 families I.1 and I.2 depends on a chaperone protein named lipase-specific foldase, the gene of which is located downstream of the lipase gene for the efficient secretion and folding of active lipase (Arpigny et al. 1999; Quyen et al. 1999), whereas the folding of sub- family I.3 lipases does not require the assistance of any molecular chaperone (Angkawidjaja & Kanaya 2006). Summary of enzyme activity of lipase gene expressed in different systems. keywords: activity; cloning; cold; coli; enzymes; et al; expression; lip-1452; lipase; psychrobacter cache: polar-2946.pdf plain text: polar-2946.txt item: #372 of 461 id: polar-2947 author: Fielding, Russell title: Environmental change as a threat to the pilot whale hunt in the Faroe Islands date: 2010-12-01 words: 7309 flesch: 59 summary: Whereas the 1998 recommendations allowed for one or two meals of pilot whale meat and blubber per month for healthy adults who are not going to become pregnant, the 2008 recommendations stated that: Pilot whales today contain contaminants to a degree that neither meat nor blubber would comply with current limits for acceptable concentrations of toxic contaminants . . . One possible outcome that could balance the cultural connection to pilot whale meat and blubber with the health risks of its consumption would be to retain the food as something of a ceremonial meal, eaten only (or primarily) at special occasions such as weddings, birth- days and the Faroese national holiday, Ólavsøka. keywords: 2005; blubber; environmental; faroe islands; faroese; food; grindadráp; human; islands; marine; meat; pilot; pilot whale; research; weihe; whale; whaling cache: polar-2947.pdf plain text: polar-2947.txt item: #373 of 461 id: polar-2948 author: Jensen, Leif Christian; Skedsmo, Pål Wilter title: Approaching the North: Norwegian and Russian foreign policy discourses on the European Arctic date: 2010-12-01 words: 10354 flesch: 52 summary: To sum up, official Russian discourse appears frag- mented compared with Norwegian discourse. Russian policy discourse on the European Arctic keywords: 2006; arctic; discourse; energy; european; european arctic; foreign; government; high; jensen; north; norway; norwegian; policy; putin; russian; security; strategy cache: polar-2948.pdf plain text: polar-2948.txt item: #374 of 461 id: polar-2949 author: Mikkelsen, Ditte Marie; Witkowski, Andrzej title: Melting sea ice for taxonomic analysis: a comparison of four melting procedures date: 2010-12-01 words: 2836 flesch: 52 summary: The conductivity of melted sea ice was measured (Orion 3-Star with Orion 013610MD conductivity cell; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and con- verted to salinity (Grasshoff et al. 1983). A : C Unidentified flagellates A : B Total algae — Melting sea ice for taxonomic keywords: algal; community; ice; melting; procedure; salinity; sea cache: polar-2949.pdf plain text: polar-2949.txt item: #375 of 461 id: polar-2953 author: McMahon, Clive R. title: Review of Health of Antarctic wildlife: a challenge for science and policy, edited by Kerry R. Knowles & Martin J. Riddle date: 2010-12-01 words: 2988 flesch: 50 summary: Whereas disease spread is not a novel concern (Murray 1964), the issue of disease introduction has, until the publication of Health of Antarctic wildlife, received rela- tively little scientific attention in Antarctica. Much remains to be learned about disease in Antarctic wildlife if the risk of disease introduction is to be managed effectively. keywords: animal; antarctic; behaviour; disease; health; information; research; spread; wildlife cache: polar-2953.pdf plain text: polar-2953.txt item: #376 of 461 id: polar-3108 author: Dolan, John R.; Yang, Eun Jin; Lee, Sang Hoon; Kim, Sun Young title: Tintinnid ciliates of Amundsen Sea (Antarctica) plankton communities date: 2013-05-27 words: 7291 flesch: 52 summary: The only existing data are part of the total ciliate species inventory from the study of Wickham et al. (2011), who provided a species list pooled from several Bellinghausen and Amundsen Sea stations, and the recent study of morphology and phylogeny of selected taxa by Kim et al. Many polynya areas are known to be characterized by the relatively low abun- dance of zooplankton (e.g., Tagliabue & Arrigo 2003) and this appears to be the case for Amundsen Sea polynya also (Yager et al. 2012). keywords: amundsen; amundsen sea; ciliates; citation; cymatocylis; dolan; et al; gaussi; ocean; polynya; research; sea; southern; species; stations; tintinnid cache: polar-3108.pdf plain text: polar-3108.txt item: #377 of 461 id: polar-3114 author: Rodríguez-Blanco, Arturo; Duval, Audrey; Pelletier, Emilien; Delille, Daniel; Ghiglione, Jean-François title: Effects of temperature and fertilization on the structure of total versus active bacterial communities from sub-Antarctic seawater exposed to crude oil and diesel fuel date: 2013-05-09 words: 7159 flesch: 44 summary: However, there is limited knowledge regarding how the variation of physicochemical factors influencing biodegradation may affect bacterial community structure. Changes in bacterial community structure can be monitored using culture-independent techniques, since hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria frequently do not grow on common culture media (Deppe et al. 2005). keywords: 16s; bacterial; citation; communities; community; crude; diesel; et al; fig; hydrocarbons; microbial; oil; presence; rrna; structure; temperature; total cache: polar-3114.pdf plain text: polar-3114.txt item: #378 of 461 id: polar-3118 author: Kühnel, Rafael; Björkman, Mats P.; Vega, Carmen P.; Hodson, Andy; Isaksson, Elisabeth; Ström, Johan title: Reactive nitrogen and sulphate wet deposition at Zeppelin Station, Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard date: 2013-04-15 words: 10727 flesch: 56 summary: The number of complete deposition events was 96 (76.8%) for NO � 3 ; 94 (75.2%) for nss-SO 2� 4 and 99 (79.2%) for NH � 4 : A monthly overview of precipitation events and the num- ber of reconstructed deposition events are presented in Table 1. Table 1 Number of precipitation events during sampling campaign, number of reconstructed deposition events (percentage of precipitation events reconstructed) and number of complete and isolated deposition events (percentage of isolated and complete deposition events). keywords: 2011; arctic; atmospheric; average; citation; concentrations; deposition; deposition events; et al; events; http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/polar.v32i0.19136; kühnel; nitrogen; nss; number; observations; precipitation; research; sampling; svalbard cache: polar-3118.pdf plain text: polar-3118.txt item: #379 of 461 id: polar-3119 author: Turunen, Minna; Oksanen, Pirita; Vuojala-Magga, Terhi; Markkula, Inkeri; Sutinen, Marja-Liisa; Hyvönen, Juha title: Impacts of winter feeding of reindeer on vegetation and soil in the sub-Arctic: insights from a feeding experiment date: 2013-03-20 words: 9531 flesch: 61 summary: Statistical analysis We used an analysis of covariance to analyse the effect of reindeer winter feeding on the N concentration and C/N of E. nigrum and V. myrtillus, the coverage (%) of species in the ground and field layer, as well as the pH, N content and C/N of the soil. The present study shows that the overall impact of feeding reindeer with pellets on vegetation and soil below the humus layer was less significant than that caused by feeding with grass silage�hay. keywords: 2008; coverage; et al; feeding; forage; forest; grass; grass silage; hay; impacts; plots; reindeer; research; silage; soil; vegetation; winter; winter feeding cache: polar-3119.pdf plain text: polar-3119.txt item: #380 of 461 id: polar-3120 author: González-Zevallos, Diego; Santos, M. Mercedes; Rombolá, Emilce F.; Juáres, Mariana A.; Coria, Néstor R. title: Abundance and breeding distribution of seabirds in the northern part of the Danco Coast, Antarctic Peninsula date: 2013-02-28 words: 5840 flesch: 61 summary: Despite all evidences described in the literature about how climate change is operating on Antarctic Peninsula and its consequences for penguin populations, our results on Pygoscelis penguins showed an increase. Future results including diet information and breeding phenology will be necessary to identify how climate change is operating at Danco Coast on penguin populations. keywords: antarctic; breeding; coast; danco; et al; island; penguin; peninsula; point; polar; population; species; study cache: polar-3120.pdf plain text: polar-3120.txt item: #381 of 461 id: polar-3130 author: Barr, Susan title: Review of Shipwreck at Cape Flora: the expeditions of Benjamin Leigh Smith, England’s forgotten Arctic explorer, by P. J. Capelotti date: 2013-09-12 words: 1447 flesch: 64 summary: As was said in the Royal Geographical Society in London in 1881 (Leigh Smith himself was as usual not present), ‘‘the name of Mr. Leigh Smith would be handed down to futurity as one of the great Polar explorers of the Victorian age’’ (quoted in Capelotti, p. 175). Sadly, Leigh Smith never wrote his own accounts of the five expeditions he made between 1871 and 1882 to Svalbard, Jan Mayen and Franz Josef Land. keywords: arctic; leigh; life; smith cache: polar-3130.pdf plain text: polar-3130.txt item: #382 of 461 id: polar-3161 author: Ziółek, Marta; Melke, Jerzy title: The impact of seabirds on the content of various forms of phosphorus in organic soils of the Bellsund coast, western Spitsbergen date: 2014-10-17 words: 8195 flesch: 60 summary: I C L E The impact of seabirds on the content of various forms of phosphorus in organic soils of the Bellsund coast, western Spitsbergen Marta Ziółek1 & Jerzy Melke2 1 Department of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Al. Kraśnicka 2cd, PL-20-718, Lublin, Poland 2 Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Al. Kraśnicka 2cd, PL-20-718 Lublin, Poland Keywords Phosphorus fractions; organic soils; seabirds; nutrient enrichment; Spitsbergen. Correspondence Marta Ziółek, Department of Environmental Protection, Al. Kraśnicka 2cd, PL-20-718 Lublin, Poland. The objective of this study was to evaluate the degree of nutrient enrichment of organic soils fertilized by seabirds, indicated by the phosphorus content and transformations. keywords: colony; contribution; et al; forms; impact; organic; peat; phosphorus; polar; seabirds; soils; transect cache: polar-3161.pdf plain text: polar-3161.txt item: #383 of 461 id: polar-3162 author: Rivaro, Paola; Messa, Roberta; Ianni, Carmela; Magi, Emanuele; Budillon, Giorgio title: Distribution of total alkalinity and pH in the Ross Sea (Antarctica) waters during austral summer 2008 date: 2014-10-16 words: 11780 flesch: 59 summary: Interactive effects of iron, irradiance and CO2 on Ross Sea phytoplankton. I C L E Distribution of total alkalinity and pH in the Ross Sea (Antarctica) waters during austral summer 2008 Paola Rivaro,1 Roberta Messa,1 Carmela Ianni,1 Emanuele Magi1 & Giorgio Budillon2 1 Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, via Dodecaneso 31, IT-16146 Genova, Italy 2 Department of Environmental Sciences, Centro Direzionale, Parthenope University, Isola C4 IT-80143 Napoli, Italy Keywords Total alkalinity; pH; saturation state; Terra Nova Bay polynya; Ross Sea. keywords: citation; co2; distribution; et al; http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/polar.v33.20403; ice; pco2; research; ross sea; salinity; sea; sea research; shelf; stations; surface; temperature; values; water cache: polar-3162.pdf plain text: polar-3162.txt item: #384 of 461 id: polar-3163 author: Markkula, Inkeri title: Permafrost dynamics structure species compositions of oribatid mite (Acari: Oribatida) communities in sub-Arctic palsa mires date: 2014-10-14 words: 7652 flesch: 56 summary: 0.3190.20 0.3890.37 � � � � Eupelops plicatus (C.L. Koch 1836) 0.0190.01 0.6490.50 � � � � Mycobates spp. keywords: b0.0001; citation; communities; et al; ferdesmyra; hummocks; microhabitats; mires; mite; oribatid; oribatid mite; palsa; permafrost; research; soil; species; study; vaisjeäggi cache: polar-3163.pdf plain text: polar-3163.txt item: #385 of 461 id: polar-3164 author: Grau, Oriol; Ninot, Josep M.; Pérez-Haase, Aaron; Callaghan, Terry V. title: Plant co-existence patterns and High-Arctic vegetation composition in three common plant communities in north-east Greenland date: 2014-09-25 words: 8100 flesch: 54 summary: It is predicted that the study area will undergo changes in precipitation and snow cover in the future (Stendel et al. 2008; Brown & Mote 2009; AMAP 2011); altering the abiotic stress regimes will affect the nature of plant�plant interactions (Lortie et al. 2004) and eventually the plant co-existence patterns. High Arctic plant community responses to a decade of ambient warming. keywords: arctic; citation; communities; community; dryas; et al; existence; fell; field; high; number; patch; patches; plant; plant communities; research; salix; snow; species; types cache: polar-3164.pdf plain text: polar-3164.txt item: #386 of 461 id: polar-3166 author: Wyszyński, Przemysław; Przybylak, Rajmund title: Variability of humidity conditions in the Arctic during the first International Polar Year, 1882-83 date: 2014-09-08 words: 12064 flesch: 62 summary: All the thermometers were precisely calibrated at relevant national meteorological centres and, for example, the indication error of the thermo- meters used at the Siberian station of Sagastyr did not exceed 0.258C at temperatures above �208C (Wood & Overland 2006). b August 1882 days 1�14 without data, August 1883 days 24�31 without data. keywords: abs; air; arctic; climate; data; humidity; j j; m j; mean; meteorological; polar; przybylak; values; vapour; water; year cache: polar-3166.pdf plain text: polar-3166.txt item: #387 of 461 id: polar-3168 author: Molina-Montenegro, Marco A.; Carrasco-Urra, Fernando; Acuña-Rodriguez, Ian; Oses, Rómulo; Torres-Diaz, Cristian; Chwedorzewska, Katarzyna J. title: Assessing the importance of human activities for the establishment of the invasive Poa annua in Antarctica date: 2014-06-23 words: 5498 flesch: 49 summary: In Antarctica P. annua has been shown to become established at sites sheltered from wind, such as alongside buildings (Olech 1996). In order to find potential drivers of P. annua establish- ment, we performed a regression analysis using the abundance of this species and (i) mean number of tourists landed in each point where P. annua has been recorded, (ii) mean number of scientists and operators landed in each point where P. annua has been recorded, (iii) distance to the main building of each station and (iv) level of soil disturbance. keywords: 2012; annua; antarctic; disturbance; establishment; et al; number; p. annua; plant; research; soil; species cache: polar-3168.pdf plain text: polar-3168.txt item: #388 of 461 id: polar-3188 author: Barnard, Alex; Wellner, Julia S.; Anderson, John B. title: Late Holocene climate change recorded in proxy records from a Bransfield Basin sediment core, Antarctic Peninsula date: 2014-06-11 words: 8168 flesch: 53 summary: Recent Antarctic Peninsula warming relative to Holocene climate and ice-shelf history. I C L E Late Holocene climate change recorded in proxy records from a Bransfield Basin sediment core, Antarctic Peninsula Alex Barnard,1 Julia S. Wellner1 & John B. Anderson2 1 Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204, USA 2 Department of Earth Science, Rice University, MS-126, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA Keywords Antarctic Peninsula; palaeoclimate; Holocene; marine; isotopes. keywords: 2009; antarctic; basin; bransfield; cal; carbon; citation; core; et al; holocene; http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/polar.v33.17236; ice; marine; nitrogen; peninsula; sediment; unit; values cache: polar-3188.pdf plain text: polar-3188.txt item: #389 of 461 id: polar-3189 author: Pados, Theodora; Spielhagen, Robert F. title: Species distribution and depth habitat of recent planktic foraminifera in Fram Strait, Arctic Ocean date: 2014-05-27 words: 7463 flesch: 54 summary: It is particularly essential to reveal the actual depth habitat of recent specimens, as the water properties reconstructed from their fossil calcite shells must be attributed to correct water depths. N. pachyderma (sin.) contributes less than 70% to the total planktic foraminiferal fauna at two stations (at 88E and 68E), between 0 and 50 m water depth. keywords: depth; foraminifera; fram; ice; pachyderma; quinqueloba; research; samples; sin; species; strait; water cache: polar-3189.pdf plain text: polar-3189.txt item: #390 of 461 id: polar-3190 author: Everatt, M.J.; Convey, P.; Worland, M.R.; Bale, J.S.; Hayward, S.A.L. title: Contrasting strategies of resistance vs. tolerance to desiccation in two polar dipterans date: 2014-05-22 words: 8277 flesch: 49 summary: SCP (8C) Species 0 h 6 h 2 days 4 days 8 days 12 days H. borealis �7.7090.28 � � � � �9.2990.38* E. murphyi �5.0590.29 �6.1690.11 �6.2190.29 �5.3690.40 �7.5290.22* �6.7490.46* Fig. 3 Survival (%) of larvae of E. murphyi (a) after exposure to progressively lower sub-zero temperatures ( �15 to �198C) for 2 h, and (b) after exposure to �188C, following prior exposure to 98.2% relative humidity (RH) for 6 h, 2 days, 4 days, 8 days and 12 days. Indeed, the ca- pacity to which they respond to temperature is very similar (Lee et al. 2006; Everatt et al. 2012). keywords: 2009; antarctic; borealis; days; desiccation; et al; journal; larvae; murphyi; physiology; polar; survival; temperature; tolerance; water cache: polar-3190.pdf plain text: polar-3190.txt item: #391 of 461 id: polar-3191 author: Hughes, Kevin A.; Convey, Peter title: Alien invasions in Antarctica - is anyone liable? date: 2014-05-12 words: 10756 flesch: 42 summary: I C L E Alien invasions in Antarctica*is anyone liable? Kevin A. Hughes & Peter Convey British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB30ET, UK Keywords Liability Annex; non-native species; Environmental Protocol; Antarctic Treaty area; eradication; environmental emergency. E-mail: kehu@bas.ac.uk Abstract The introduction of non-native species to Antarctica in association with human activities is a major threat to indigenous biodiversity and the region’s unique ecosystems, as has been well-demonstrated in other ecosystems globally. keywords: annex; antarctic; antarctic treaty; area; article; citation; convey; eradication; et al; hughes; introduction; k.a; liability; native; parties; research; species; treaty cache: polar-3191.pdf plain text: polar-3191.txt item: #392 of 461 id: polar-3193 author: Núñez-Pons, Laura; Avila, Conxita title: Deterrent activities in the crude lipophilic fractions of Antarctic benthic organisms: chemical defences against keystone predators date: 2014-04-07 words: 8953 flesch: 49 summary: Soft corals and colonial ascidians are highly energetic (16 and 15 kJ g �1 dry wt, respectively; Slattery & McClintock 1995; McClintock et al. 2004), while hydroids and gorgonians are also quite nutritious (Coma et al. 1998). SD 1.3 Porifera Demospongiae Isodictya toxophila Burton, 1932 API: 5.28; BAS: 6.79 Weddell Sea BT 332.8 Hexactinellida Anoxycalyx (Scolymastra) joubini Topsent, 1916 (1) API: 1.29; BAS: 0.73 Weddell Sea AGT 175.2 Anoxycalyx (Scolymastra) joubini Topsent, 1916 (2) EXT: 2.60; INT: keywords: amphipods; amsler; antarctic; avila; biology; chemical; citation; defences; ecology; et al; feeding; fractions; http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/polar.v33.21624; marine; mcclintock; núñez; polar; pons; predators; prey; research; sea; weddell cache: polar-3193.pdf plain text: polar-3193.txt item: #393 of 461 id: polar-3195 author: Nędzarek, Arkadiusz; Tórz, Agnieszka; Drost, Arkadiusz title: Selected elements in surface waters of Antarctica and their relations with the natural environment date: 2014-03-21 words: 7416 flesch: 54 summary: 1�15) where surface water samples were collected: 1 Lake Wujka (LW); 2 drinking water reservoir (DWR); 3, 4 Petrified Forest Creek (PFC); 5, 6, 7 Ornithologists Creek (OC); 8, 9 Czech Creek (CC); 10, 11 stream flowing along the border of Ecology Glacier (EG); 12, 13 Vanishing Creek (VC); 14, 15 stream flowing across the Wróbel Valley (WV). I C L E Selected elements in surface waters of Antarctica and their relations with the natural environment Arkadiusz Nędzarek,1,2 Agnieszka Tórz1 & Arkadiusz Drost1 1 Department of Aquatic Sozology, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, K. Królewicza 4, PL-71-550 Szczecin, Poland 2 Department of Antarctic Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ustrzycka 10-12, PL-02-141 Warsaw, Poland Keywords Antarctic surface waters; total and dissolved elements; baseline elements values; anthropogenic metal contamination. keywords: antarctica; concentrations; conductivity; elements; george; island; king; polar; research; stream; surface; values; water cache: polar-3195.pdf plain text: polar-3195.txt item: #394 of 461 id: polar-3196 author: Blanchet, Marie-Anne; Lydersen, Christian; Biuw, Martin; de Bruyn, P.J. Nico; Hofmeyr, Greg; Krafft, Bjørn A.; Kovacs, Kit M. title: Instrumentation and handling effects on Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) date: 2014-02-21 words: 8345 flesch: 59 summary: The percentage mass loss per day (meanSRDL � �0.3990.15%; meanTDR � �0.1890.28%; ANOVA F1,23 �2.59; p �0.12) and the total mass loss over the period of instrumentation (meanSRDL � �7.294.4 kg; meanTDR � �2.894.4 kg; ANOVA F1,23; p �0.055) were not statistically different for the two groups, although the mean values for the SRDL group were more than twice that of the TDR group for both parameters. 19 B0.001 Dive duration a Intercept 5.45 (5.58) 0.46 26 318 B0.001 Instrument (TDR) 0.08 (0.07) 0.07 19 0.27 (0.33) Date 0.00 0.00 26 318 B0.001 Year (2001/02) 0.17 0.58 19 B0.05 Pup mass Intercept 5.14 0.40 88 B0.001 Age 0.08 0.01 83 B0.001 Instrument (TDR) �0.22 0.50 29 0.66 Instrument (VHF) �0.37 0.53 29 0.48 Sex (M) 0.47 0.40 29 0.25 Age �instrument (TDR) 0.03 0.01 88 B0.05 Age �instrument (VHF) 0.00 0.01 88 0.89 Age �sex (M) 0.01 0.01 88 0.14 a Parameters log-transformed. keywords: animals; antarctic; data; dec; depth; dive; duration; effects; et al; fur; instrument; number; pup; research; seals; srdls; tdrs; trip cache: polar-3196.pdf plain text: polar-3196.txt item: #395 of 461 id: polar-3197 author: Ai, Songtao; Wang, Zemin; E, Dongchen; Holmén, Kim; Tan, Zhi; Zhou, Chunxia; Sun, Weijun title: Topography, ice thickness and ice volume of the glacier Pedersenbreen in Svalbard, using GPR and GPS date: 2014-02-20 words: 5027 flesch: 58 summary: Two common mid-point (CMP) profiles were measured at the tongue of Pedersenbreen Fig. 1 (a) Sketch view of Pedersenbreen and (b) map of the main islands of Svalbard indicating the location of Pedersenbreen. Topography, ice thickness and ice volume of Pedersenbreen S. Ai et al. 2 (page number not for citation purpose) Type Maximum error (m) Root mean square error (m) Actual data �8.20 2.69 After adjustment �4.01 1.35 After smoothing �0.71 0.29 Topography, ice thickness and ice volume of Pedersenbreen S. Ai et al. 4 (page number not for citation purpose) keywords: area; data; glacier; gps; ice; pedersenbreen; polar; surface; svalbard; thickness; volume cache: polar-3197.pdf plain text: polar-3197.txt item: #396 of 461 id: polar-3198 author: Zhan, Jianqiong; Gao, Yuan title: Impact of summertime anthropogenic emissions on atmospheric black carbon at Ny-Åesund in the Arctic date: 2014-02-18 words: 9258 flesch: 53 summary: The median value found at YRS was in the range of the summer monthly average at Alert (12�26 ng m�3) and Barrow (9�24 ng m�3) from 1989 to 2003 (Sharma et al. 2006), but higher than EBC concentrations at Zeppelin Station (3�11 ng m�3; Eleftheriadis et al. 2009). Results from the ensemble empirical mode decomposition method suggested that about 60�80% of atmospheric EBC concentrations at Ny-Ålesund were from local emissions, while only 20�40% arrived via atmospheric transport. keywords: 2010; 2011; air; arctic; atmospheric; ålesund; carbon; citation; concentrations; data; deposition; ebc; emissions; et al; precipitation; research; transport cache: polar-3198.pdf plain text: polar-3198.txt item: #397 of 461 id: polar-3199 author: Hess, Silvia; Nagy, Jenő; Vestergaard Laursen, Gitte title: Benthic foraminifera from the Lower Jurassic transgressive mudstones of the south-western Barents Sea - a possible high-latitude expression of the global Pliensbachian-Toarcian turnover? date: 2014-01-28 words: 6490 flesch: 52 summary: This paper presents the results of an investigation of Early Jurassic foraminiferal assemblages from two com- mercial wells drilled in the Hammerfest Basin in the south-western Barents Sea (Fig. 1). The stratigraphical ranges mentioned above reveal the significant Pliensbachian�Toarcian affinities of the for- aminiferal assemblages in this study. keywords: assemblages; citation; conditions; fig; foraminiferal; formation; http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/polar.v33.20206; jurassic; mudstone; nagy; stø; toarcian cache: polar-3199.pdf plain text: polar-3199.txt item: #398 of 461 id: polar-3231 author: Zmudczyńska-Skarbek, Katarzyna; Zwolicki, Adrian; Convey, Peter; Barcikowski, Mateusz; Stempniewicz, Lech title: Is ornithogenic fertilisation important for collembolan communities in Arctic terrestrial ecosystems? date: 2015-07-13 words: 9028 flesch: 49 summary: Finally, even within relatively homogeneous habitat, clustering of inver- tebrates may be also explained by inter-species relation- ships (Usher & Booth 1986; Caruso et al. 2007; Caruso et al. 2013), pheromone-induced aggregation (Leinaas 1983; Usher & Booth 1984, 1986; Benoit et al. 2009), and past stochastic events causing uneven mortality or other demographic phenomena (Coulson et al. 2000; Chown & Convey 2007). Second, this approach will permit the identification of springtail species that are specifically linked with seabird- mediated changes in the environment. keywords: 2013; arctic; area; citation; collembola; communities; coulson; et al; http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/polar.v34.25629; polar; research; seabird; sites; soil; species; springtail; variability; vegetation; zmudczyńska cache: polar-3231.pdf plain text: polar-3231.txt item: #399 of 461 id: polar-3234 author: Ibañez, Andrés E.; Najle, Roberto; Larsen, Karen; Pari, Marcela; Figueroa, Amalia; Montalti, Diego title: Haematological values of three Antarctic penguins: gentoo (Pygoscelis papua), Adélie (P. adeliae) and chinstrap (P. antarcticus) date: 2015-06-15 words: 4786 flesch: 53 summary: In addition, the erythrocyte sedi- mentation rate in adult gentoo penguins was 1.45 mm/h after 60 min. Statistically significant differences in serum glucose concentration were found among species. (b) Mean (9SE) haemoglobin concentration (g/dl) in adult penguins. keywords: adélie; adults; antarctic; blood; chicks; chinstrap; gentoo; penguins; pygoscelis; serum; species; values cache: polar-3234.pdf plain text: polar-3234.txt item: #400 of 461 id: polar-3235 author: Wolf, Christian; Kilias, Estelle; Metfies, Katja title: Protists in the polar regions: comparing occurrence in the Arctic and Southern oceans using pyrosequencing date: 2015-05-18 words: 5223 flesch: 54 summary: Arctic Ocean samples were taken at the surface with 12 L Niskin bottles deployed on a rosette. Arctic Ocean microbial community struc- ture before and after the 2007 record sea ice minimum. keywords: arctic; citation; et al; group; number; ocean; otus; reads; regions; southern; wolf cache: polar-3235.pdf plain text: polar-3235.txt item: #401 of 461 id: polar-3238 author: Kim, Intae; Kim, Guebuem; Choy, Eun Jung title: The significant inputs of trace elements and rare earth elements from melting glaciers in Antarctic coastal waters date: 2015-05-07 words: 9392 flesch: 66 summary: 5 Upper continental crust (UCC)-normalized rare earth element patterns in ice, snow and seawater (beach seawater � bay water) samples from Marian Cove. Fe, trace elements and rare earth elements from melting glaciers (2003) and Ardelan et al. (2010), and recently improved by Kim & Kim (2011) and Jeong et al. (2012). keywords: antarctic; citation; concentrations; cove; earth; elements; et al; glacier; gmw; http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/polar.v34.24289; ice; melting; ocean; polar; research; samples; seawater; trace; trace elements cache: polar-3238.pdf plain text: polar-3238.txt item: #402 of 461 id: polar-3241 author: Maftei, Mark; Davis, Shanti E.; Mallory, Mark L. title: Assessing regional populations of ground-nesting marine birds in the Canadian High Arctic date: 2015-04-07 words: 6490 flesch: 59 summary: This region is unique within the Canadian High Arctic and is used by a large number of bird species which exploit the rich foraging opportunities provided by polynyas early in the breeding season when most of the surrounding water remains frozen (Mallory & Gilchrist 2003; Mallory & Fontaine 2004; Bird species are as follows: red-throated loon (Gavia stellata; RTLO); brant (Branta hrota, BRAN); king eider (Somateria spectabilis; KIEI); long-tailed duck (Clangula hyemalis; LTDU); glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus; GLGU); Sabine’s gull (Xema sabini; SAGU); Ross’s gull (Rhodostethia rosea; ROGU); black- legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla; BLKI); Arctic tern (Sterna paradisaea; ARTE); red phalarope (Phalaropus fulicarius; REPH); Baird’s sandpiper (Calidris bairdii; BASA); parasitic jaeger (Stercorarius parasitica; PAJA); common raven (Corvus corax; CORA); snow goose (Chen caerulescens; SNGU); semipalmated sandpiper (Calidris pusilla; SESA); purple sandpiper (Calidris maritima; PUSA); snow bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis; SNBU); ivory gull (Pagophila eburnea; IVGU); black guillemot (Cepphus grylle; BLGU). keywords: arctic; birds; breeding; ground; islands; mallory; mean; nesting; numbers; populations; species cache: polar-3241.pdf plain text: polar-3241.txt item: #403 of 461 id: polar-3242 author: Balazy, Piotr; Kuklinski, Piotr; Włodarska-Kowalczuk, Maria; Barnes, David; Kędra, Monika; Legeżyńska, Joanna; Węsławski, Jan Marcin title: Hermit crabs (Pagurus spp.) at their northernmost range: distribution, abundance and shell use in the European Arctic date: 2015-03-31 words: 11616 flesch: 62 summary: This poleward impoverishment of hermit crab species is most likely the result of lowered temperatures (Lindley 1998) and is matched by an even more severe poleward decline in the Southern Hemisphere. Males of both hermit crab species were significantly larger in shield length than females (Mann- Whitney U, pB0.05). keywords: 2007; arctic; bank; bernhardus; biology; citation; crabs; ecology; et al; gastropod; hermit; hermit crabs; http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/polar.v34.21412; marine; northern; norway; pagurus; polar; pubescens; range; research; shells; species; spitsbergen; svalbard; węsławski cache: polar-3242.pdf plain text: polar-3242.txt item: #404 of 461 id: polar-3264 author: Mansilla, Andrés; Méndez, Fabio; Murcia, Silvia; Rodriguez, Juan Pablo; Marambio, Johanna; Rosenfeld, Sebastián; Yokoya, Nair; Bischof, Kai title: Adjustment of pigment composition in Desmarestia (Desmarestiaceae) species along a sub-Antarctic to Antarctic latitudinal gradient date: 2016-08-04 words: 6997 flesch: 49 summary: ligulata f. distans and Antarctic D. menziesii (P �0.001; Fig. 2a). The chl c content of sub-Antarctic D. confervoides was signifi- cantly different from all Desmarestia species tested (all P B0.002; Fig. 2a). keywords: antarctic; chl; composition; concentration; desmarestia; fig; fucox; light; marine; menziesii; photosynthetic; pigment; sites; species; sub; wiencke cache: polar-3264.pdf plain text: polar-3264.txt item: #405 of 461 id: polar-3267 author: Andersen, Magnus; Aars, Jon title: Barents Sea polar bears (Ursus maritimus): population biology and anthropogenic threats date: 2016-07-12 words: 17159 flesch: 53 summary: Reindeer predation by Svalbard polar bears was also documented by Derocher et al. (2000), and Hedberg et al. (2011) found fatty acids in polar bear milk that indicated that they had fed on reindeer. Svalbard polar bears have shown PCB levels comparable to those found in ringed seals from the Baltic Sea, where reproductive disorders were reported (Norheim et al. 1992; keywords: 2009; 2010; 2012; a.e; aars; andersen; andersen et; arctic; areas; barents; barents sea; bears; citation; denning; derocher; derocher et; et al; habitat; ice; journal; land; polar; polar bears; population; research; sea; sea ice; sea polar; seals; stirling; svalbard; wiig cache: polar-3267.pdf plain text: polar-3267.txt item: #406 of 461 id: polar-3268 author: Papierok, Bernard; Dedryver, Charles-Antonine; Hullé, Maurice title: First records of aphid-pathogenic Entomophthorales in the sub-Antarctic archipelagos of Crozet and Kerguelen date: 2016-07-08 words: 4866 flesch: 52 summary: Aphid pathogens. Six different Entomophthorales were distinguished from dead aphids collected on Île de La Possession, namely: Conidiobolus obscurus (Hall & Dunn) Remaudière & Keller (in 2001�02 and 2011�13); Entomophthora planchoniana Cornu (in 2001�02); Pandora neoaphidis (Remaudière & Hennebert) Humber (in 2001�02); Zoophthora phalloides Batko (in 2001�02); Zoophthora sp. keywords: antarctic; aphids; conidiobolus; entomophthorales; et al; île; kerguelen; obscurus; possession; species cache: polar-3268.pdf plain text: polar-3268.txt item: #407 of 461 id: polar-3270 author: Gordeev, Ilya I.; Sokolov, Sergey G. title: Parasites of the Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni Norman, 1937) (Perciformes, Nototheniidae) in the Pacific sector of the Antarctic date: 2016-06-24 words: 3845 flesch: 56 summary: Mean intensity (range) Prevalence (%) Mean intensity (range) Site Copepoda Eubrachiella antarctica a 60 12 (1�86) 36 3 (1�6) Body surface Monogenea Pseudobenedenia dissostichi a 55 11 (1�36) 40 8 (8) Body surface Acanthocephala Corynosoma bullosum a l 5 10 (10) � � Intestine, pyloric caeca Corynosoma sp.a l � � 20 1 (1) Intestine, pyloric caeca Echinorhynchus petrotschenkoi a 10 4 (2�6) 40 9 (9�10) Intestine Echinorhynchus sp. Specimens were examined during commercial longline fishing in the Ross Sea and the Amundsen Sea in January�February 2013. keywords: antarctic; dissostichus; mawsoni; parasites; research; ross; sea; species; toothfish; zdzitowiecki cache: polar-3270.pdf plain text: polar-3270.txt item: #408 of 461 id: polar-3272 author: Diaz, Julia Inés; Fusaro, Bruno; Longarzo, Lucrecia; Coria, Néstor Rubén; Vidal, Virginia; D'Amico, Verónica; Barbosa, Andrés title: Gastrointestinal helminths of Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) from Antarctica date: 2016-06-16 words: 4597 flesch: 58 summary: I C L E Gastrointestinal helminths of Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) from Antarctica Julia Inés Diaz,1 Bruno Fusaro,1,2 Lucrecia Longarzo,1 Néstor Rubén Coria,2 Virginia Vidal, 3 Verónica D’Amico 4 & Andrés Barbosa 3 1 Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas y Técnicas, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina 2 Proyecto Aves, Instituto Antártico Argentino, Dirección Nacional del Antártico, Buenos Aires, Argentina 3 Departamento de Ecologı́a Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas, Madrid, Spain 4 Centro Nacional Patagónico, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas y Técnicas, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina Keywords Parorchites zederi; Stegophorus macronectes; Tetrameres sp.; parasites; ecosystem health. Materials and methods A total of 35 Adélie penguins freshly dead from natural causes were collected from different locations along the Antarctic Peninsula and associated islands (Stranger Point, 25 de Mayo/King George Island, South Shetland Islands during summers from 2007 to 2012; Bahia Esperanza/Hope Bay during the summers of 2013/14 and 2014/15; and Avian Island during the summer of 2009/10 [Fig. 1, Table 1]). keywords: adélie; antarctic; diaz; et al; hosts; island; parasite; penguins; research; species; vidal; zederi cache: polar-3272.pdf plain text: polar-3272.txt item: #409 of 461 id: polar-3274 author: Schade, John D.; Seybold, Erin C.; Drake, Travis; Spawn, Seth; Sobczak, William V.; Frey, Karen E.; Holmes, Robert M.; Zimov, Nikita title: Variation in summer nitrogen and phosphorus uptake among Siberian headwater streams date: 2016-06-06 words: 6566 flesch: 50 summary: In floodplain streams, P uptake rate and uptake velocity were higher than N, while upland streams had similar values for all N and P uptake metrics. Whole-stream nutrient uptake Mean uptake lengths of N (SWN) were much longer in floodplain streams than upland streams (455 and 81 m, respectively; P �0.006; Fig. 2a), while uptake lengths of P were similar (31 and 52 m, respectively; P�0.43; Fig. 2a). keywords: arctic; citation; concentrations; et al; fig; floodplain; http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/polar.v35.24571; nutrient; permafrost; research; storage; streams; upland; uptake; water cache: polar-3274.pdf plain text: polar-3274.txt item: #410 of 461 id: polar-3275 author: Gambino, Salvatore; Aloisi, Marco; Falzone, Giuseppe; Ferro, Angelo title: Tilt signals at Mount Melbourne, Antarctica: evidence of a shallow volcanic source date: 2016-06-01 words: 6357 flesch: 56 summary: Parameters Source Error xc (m) 490989 294 yc (m) 1748858 129 zc (m) 768 614 a (m) 129 18 P (Pa) �1.6E�09 6.0E�08 DV (m3) �2.1E � 06 1.7E � 06 S. Gambino et al. Tilt signals at Mount Melbourne S. Gambino et al. 2 (page number not for citation purpose) Citation: Polar Research 2016, 35, 28269, http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/polar.v35.28269 http://www.polarresearch.net/index.php/polar/article/view/28269 http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/polar.v35.28269 around the eastern and southern flanks (Wörner & Viereck 1989), by pyroclastic layers interbedded with the summit snows (Nathan & Schulte 1967; Keys et al. 1983) and by the moderate fumarolic activity (598C at 25 cm depth) in the summit area (Lyon & Giggenbach, 1974; Keys et al. 1983; Cremisini et al. 1991). keywords: bonaccorso; data; deformation; et al; gambino; journal; land; melbourne; mount; research; source; tilt; victoria; volcanic cache: polar-3275.pdf plain text: polar-3275.txt item: #411 of 461 id: polar-3277 author: Borghini, Francesca; Colacevich, Andrea; Caruso, Tancredi; Bargagli, Roberto title: Algal biomass and pigments along a latitudinal gradient in Victoria Land lakes, East Antarctica date: 2016-05-13 words: 7411 flesch: 48 summary: Algal biomass and pigments along a latitudinal gradient in Victoria Land F. Borghini et al. 6 (page number not for citation purpose) Algal biomass and pigments along a latitudinal gradient in Victoria Land F. Borghini et al. 10 (page number not for citation purpose) keywords: algal; antarctic; biodiversity; biomass; borghini; chl; citation; diversity; et al; gradient; http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/polar.v35.20703; ice; lakes; land; latitude; number; pigments; research; study; victoria cache: polar-3277.pdf plain text: polar-3277.txt item: #412 of 461 id: polar-3278 author: Barrett, Robert T.; Hollister, Robert D. title: Arctic plants are capable of sustained responses to long-term warming date: 2016-05-05 words: 6135 flesch: 52 summary: Arctic plant responses to long-term warming Arctic plant responses to long-term warming keywords: arctic; change; et al; hollister; plant; responses; sites; species; studies; temperature; term; time; tundra; warming cache: polar-3278.pdf plain text: polar-3278.txt item: #413 of 461 id: polar-3279 author: Pau, Mauro; Hammer, Øyvind title: Sedimentary environments in the south-western Barents Sea during the last deglaciation and the Holocene: a case study outside the Ingøydjupet trough date: 2016-05-05 words: 9355 flesch: 60 summary: I C L E Sedimentary environments in the south-western Barents Sea during the last deglaciation and the Holocene: a case study outside the Ingøydjupet trough Mauro Pau1 & Øyvind Hammer2 1 Physics of Geological Processes, University of Oslo, PO Box 1048, Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway 2 Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, PO Box 1172, Blindern, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway Keywords Deglaciation; Barents Sea ice sheet; sediment cores; lithofacies; biozonation. This is attributed to the vicinity of this site to a pockmark (Fig. 2), where the Holocene sediment cover is likely to be reduced (Chand et al. 2012; Pau et al. 2014). keywords: 2010; b.p; barents; barents sea; citation; core; et al; fig; http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/polar.v35.23104; ice; lithological; lu10; marine; sea; sheet; unit; western; zone cache: polar-3279.pdf plain text: polar-3279.txt item: #414 of 461 id: polar-3281 author: Ding, Minghu; Xiao, Cunde; Yang, Yuande; Wang, Yetang; Li, Chuanjin; Yuan, Naiming; Shi, Guitao; Sun, Weijun; Ming, Jing title: Re-assessment of recent (2008 - 2013) surface mass balance over Dome Argus, Antarctica date: 2016-04-12 words: 5980 flesch: 59 summary: Sublimation of Dome Argus The LE over Dome Argus was calculated using the fol- lowing analytical expression from the bulk-aerodynamic method (Oke 1987): LE ¼ qLsCE uðq � qsÞ; (4) where r�(r0P)/P0 is the air density at the Dome Argus AWS, r0 and P0 are the air density (1.29 kg m �3 ) and pressure (1013 hPa) at standard sea level, respectively, and P is the measured surface air pressure at the AWS (hPa). Our new estimated mean SMB is comparable to the estimated mean net snow accumulation rates for the northern peak of Dome Argus based on the b radioactivity peak for the period 1965�2005 (Hou et al. 2007) and at Kunlun Station for the period 1966�2009 (Wang et al. 2013). keywords: antarctica; argus; balance; data; dome; et al; fig; ice; mass; smb; snow; stake; surface cache: polar-3281.pdf plain text: polar-3281.txt item: #415 of 461 id: polar-3285 author: Lei, Ruibo; Heil, Petra; Wang, Jia; Zhang, Zhanhai; Li, Qun; Li, Na title: Characterization of sea-ice kinematic in the Arctic outflow region using buoy data date: 2016-01-27 words: 10190 flesch: 61 summary: Rigor et al. (2002) suggested that the thinning of Arctic sea ice can be partly attributed to the trend in the AO towards the high-index polarity during the 1990s. To explore the relationship between the intensity of TDS and the decline of Arctic sea ice, we combined our data with results of the annual sea-ice area outflow through Fram Strait from 1992 to 2007 given by Kwok (2009) and calculated the year-to-year net change of summer minimum Arctic sea-ice extent. keywords: 2010; arctic; arctic sea; buoys; citation; data; drift; fig; fram; ice; outflow; research; sea; sea ice; strait; wind cache: polar-3285.pdf plain text: polar-3285.txt item: #416 of 461 id: polar-3286 author: Schejter, Laura; Bremec, Claudia S.; Cairns, Stephen D. title: Scleractinian corals recorded in the Argentinean Antarctic expeditions between 2012 and 2014, with comments on Flabellum (Flabellum) areum Cairns, 1982 date: 2016-07-04 words: 2840 flesch: 53 summary: 327 Caryophyllia antarctica (2), Flabellum areum (2), F. impensum (2) 07/03/12 60840,99?, 46814,56? 318 F. areum (2), F. flexuosum (4), F. impensum (7), broken Flabellum sp. (2) 16/02/13 64841,50?, 63801,60? keywords: antarctic; cairns; flabellum; macn; south; species cache: polar-3286.pdf plain text: polar-3286.txt item: #417 of 461 id: polar-3288 author: Kim, Han-Kyu; Choi, Chang-Yong; Jeong, Min-Su; Kang, Hwa-Yeon; Lee, Woo-Shin title: Regurgitation of the koilin layer in chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarcticus) and its association with gastric parasites date: 2016-06-21 words: 3370 flesch: 53 summary: doi:10.3402/polar.v35.25966 R E S E A R C H N O T E Regurgitation of the koilin layer in chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarcticus) and its association with gastric parasites Han-Kyu Kim, Chang-Yong Choi, Min-Su Jeong, Hwa-Yeon Kang & Woo-Shin Lee Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea Keywords Cuticula gastris; host-parasite interaction; nematodes; parasitic load; regurgitation; Stegophorus macronectes. During the two austral summers from 2012 to 2014, we observed the regurgitated koilins of chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarcticus) at Narębski Point on King George Island, South Shetland Islands, and we detected a significant difference in the daily accumulation of regurgitated koilins between the pre-hatching and post-hatching periods in the rookery. keywords: 2012; birds; chinstrap; koilin; layer; parasites; penguins; regurgitation; study cache: polar-3288.pdf plain text: polar-3288.txt item: #418 of 461 id: polar-3511 author: None title: Smoking guns and volcanic ash: the importance of sparse tephras in Greenland ice cores date: None words: 7487 flesch: 51 summary: We advocate the quantification of tephra-sized particles within ice core samples as a means of evaluating the likelihood of remobilized sediment deposition at the ice core localities. Smoking guns and volcanic ash: the importance of sparse tephras in Greenland ice cores RESEARCH ARTICLE Smoking guns and volcanic ash: the importance of sparse tephras in Greenland ice cores keywords: 2012; ash; cores; doi; dust; eruption; et al; glass; greenland; ice; material; particles; research; samples; shards; sigl; sulphur; tephra; tunu2013; volcanic cache: polar-3511.htm plain text: polar-3511.txt item: #419 of 461 id: polar-3512 author: Fuglei, Eva; Tarroux, Arnaud title: Arctic fox dispersal from Svalbard to Canada: one female’s long run across sea ice date: 2019-06-24 words: 5334 flesch: 59 summary: The few published records of Arctic fox movements based on satellite telemetry stem from ecosystems with lemmings in North America (Pamperin et al. 2008; Tarroux et al. 2010; Lehner 2012; Lai et al. 2017). In the last 20 years, satellite telemetry in North Amer- ica has revealed heretofore uknown details of the spatial ecology of Arctic foxes (Follmann & Martin 2000; Pam- perin et al. 2008; Tarroux et al. 2010; Lai et al. 2015; Rioux et al. 2017). keywords: arctic; dispersal; distance; et al; fox; foxes; fuglei; ice; movement; polar; sea; svalbard; tarroux cache: polar-3512.pdf plain text: polar-3512.txt item: #420 of 461 id: polar-3528 author: None title: Ice-out and freshet fluxes of CO2 and CH4 across the air–water interface of the channel network of a great Arctic delta, the Mackenzie date: None words: 13680 flesch: 59 summary: Samples were injected into the wet chemical oxidation analyser, acidified and sparged to drive all inorganic carbon out of solution as CO2 gas, which was quantified as DIC using a nondispersive infrared detector. CO2 gas was then carried into the mass spectrometer in a stream of ultra-high purity He for measurement of δ13C. Stable isotope values for DIC are reported in per mille units (‰): where Rsample is the ratio of 13C/12C in the sample and Rstd is the ratio of 13C/12C in the CO2 reference gas. keywords: carbon; ch4; channel; co2; concentrations; data; delta; doi; et al; fig; flux; fluxes; gas; high; ice; m-2; mackenzie; mackenzie delta; mackenzie river; period; river; sampling; sites; values; water cache: polar-3528.htm plain text: polar-3528.txt item: #421 of 461 id: polar-3531 author: Kędra, Monika; Moritz, Charlotte; Choy, Emily S.; David, Carmen; Degen, Renate; Duerksen, Steven; Ellingsen, Ingrid; Górska, Barbara; Grebmeier, Jacqueline M.; Kirievskaya, Dubrava; van Oevelen, Dick; Piwosz, Kasia; Samuelsen, Annette; Węsławski, Jan Marcin title: Status and trends in the structure of Arctic benthic food webs date: 2015-05-20 words: 20136 flesch: 62 summary: Massive phytoplankton blooms under Arctic sea ice. Abundant dissolved genetic material in Arctic sea ice. keywords: 2002; 2006; 2008; 2009; 2010; 2011; 2012; arctic; arctic ocean; arctic sea; barents; barents sea; bering; biology; carbon; change; chukchi; citation; climate; deep; ecology; ecosystem; et al; food; food webs; http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/polar.v34.23775; ice; journal; kędra et; marine; pelagic; phytoplankton; polar; production; progress; research; sea; sea ice; sea research; shelf; species; structure; trends; wassmann; water; webs cache: polar-3531.pdf plain text: polar-3531.txt item: #422 of 461 id: polar-3532 author: Weydmann, Agata; Zwolicki, Adrian; Mus, Krzysztof; Kwaśniewski, Sławomir title: The effect of temperature on egg development rate and hatching success in Calanus glacialis and C. finmarchicus date: 2015-06-16 words: 6209 flesch: 53 summary: The fit of Bĕlehrádek’s temperature function to the experimental data was performed in three configurations: (i) with forced b � �2.05 as suggested by McLaren et al. (1969), which resulted in four models: a-( �2.05)-a, aa-( �2.05)-a, a-( �2.05)-aa, and aa-( �2.05)-aa; (ii) with a common parameter b estimated from data in four models: a�b�a, aa�b�a, a�b�aa, and aa�b�aa; (iii) with all parameters free, to determine the function that best fitted our data in eight models: a�b�a, aa�b�a, a�b�aa, aa�b�aa, a�bb�a, aa�bb�a, a�bb�aa, and aa�bb�aa. The models that best fitted our data were those with species-specific parameters: DH (h) �5940 (T�9.7)�1.63 for C. finmarchicus and DH (h) �14168 (T�14)�1.75 for C. glacialis. keywords: calanus; development; egg; finmarchicus; glacialis; hatching; model; species; temperature cache: polar-3532.pdf plain text: polar-3532.txt item: #423 of 461 id: polar-3534 author: Degen, Renate; Vedenin, Andrey; Gusky, Manuela; Boetius, Antje; Brey, Thomas title: Patterns and trends of macrobenthic abundance, biomass and production in the deep Arctic Ocean date: 2015-08-26 words: 12843 flesch: 58 summary: The three-way ANOVA of the residuals of an ANOVA of abundance per regions (F �20.81; p �0.001) and biomass per regions (F �9.96; p �0.001) on the factors sieve size, sample area and year of sampling did not find them explaining any variance in abundance (F �0.25; p �0.97) and biomass data (F �0.54; p �0.8022). The a priori pairwise test of median versus mean abundances did not detect significant differences for the ARK-XXVII/3 stations (F �0.15; p �0.708). keywords: abundance; arctic; basin; benthic; biomass; citation; data; deep; depth; et al; ice; ocean; production; regions; research; ridge; sea; stations; table cache: polar-3534.pdf plain text: polar-3534.txt item: #424 of 461 id: polar-3614 author: None title: Revisiting the extended Svalbard Airport monthly temperature series, and the compiled corresponding daily series 1898–2018 date: None words: 9672 flesch: 64 summary: Table 2 Regressions between Svalbard Airport principle series and local series of daily mean temperature. Revisiting the extended Svalbard Airport monthly temperature series, and the compiled corresponding daily series 1898–2018 RESEARCH ARTICLE Revisiting the extended Svalbard Airport monthly temperature series, and the compiled corresponding daily series 1898–2018 Øyvind Nordli1 , Przemysław Wyszyński2,3 , Herdis M. Gjelten4, Ketil Isaksen1 , Ewa Łupikasza5 , Tadeusz Niedźwiedź5 & Rajmund Przybylak2,3 1Department of Research and Development, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway; 2Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland; 3Centre for Climate Change Research, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland; 4Observation and Climate Department, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway; 5Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland Abstract The Svalbard Airport composite series spanning the period from 1898 to the present represents one of very few long-term instrumental temperature series from the High Arctic. keywords: airport; arctic; climate; composite; data; days; doi; et al; mean; period; regression; sea; series; svalbard; svalbard airport; table; temperature; warming; years cache: polar-3614.htm plain text: polar-3614.txt item: #425 of 461 id: polar-3715 author: None title: The last two millennia: climate, ocean circulation and palaeoproductivity inferred from planktic foraminifera, south-western Svalbard margin date: None words: 16136 flesch: 57 summary: The progressive warming over the last 200 years is considered to be globally synchronous (Neukom et al. 2019 and references herein) and well documented in numerous palaeoproxy studies from the Arctic region (e.g., Kaufman et al. 2009; Majewski et al. 2009; Spielhagen et al. 2011; Shell fragments were counted in the >100-μm size-fraction along with the counts of the whole planktic specimens as an indication for the general preservation state of specimens and species (Berger 1970; Berger et al. 1982). keywords: 2011; arctic; atlantic; carbonate; changes; climate; conditions; core; depth; doi; et al; fig; foraminifera; fram; ice; margin; marine; north; ocean; pachyderma; productivity; quinqueloba; sea; species; subsurface; surface; surface water; temperature; warm; water; western; years cache: polar-3715.htm plain text: polar-3715.txt item: #426 of 461 id: polar-3756 author: Millar, Pat title: Review of The life of José María Sobral: scientist, diarist, and pioneer in Antarctica, by Mary R. Tahan (2018). Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. 336 pp. ISBN 978-3-319-67267-0. date: 2019-12-19 words: 1244 flesch: 63 summary: Sobral, a 21-year-old under-lieutenant in the Argentine navy, performed expedition work in meteorol- ogy, magnetism and geodesy with diligence and dedica- tion. O K R E V I E W Review of The life of José María Sobral: scientist, diarist, and pioneer in Antarctica, by Mary R. Tahan (2018). keywords: antarctica; expedition; polar; sobral; work cache: polar-3756.pdf plain text: polar-3756.txt item: #427 of 461 id: polar-3766 author: None title: Ichnodiversity and bathymetric range of microbioerosion traces in polar barnacles of Svalbard date: None words: 9432 flesch: 52 summary: These were then averaged by the number of investigated samples per water depth (after Wisshak et al. 2011). This approach allows us to evaluate the ichnodiversity variability of bioerosion within the Arctic environment and at different water depths. keywords: banken; bioerosion; bjørnøy; borings; depth; doi; et al; fig; ichnodiversity; mosselbukta; msm55; polar; svalbard; traces; water; water depth; wisshak; wisshak et; zone cache: polar-3766.htm plain text: polar-3766.txt item: #428 of 461 id: polar-5242 author: None title: Morphological measurements of Atlantic puffin (Fratercula arctica naumanni) in High-Arctic Greenland date: None words: 7537 flesch: 67 summary: Fit is fat: winter body mass of Atlantic puffins Fratercula arctica. Long-term decline in eggs size of Atlantic puffins Fratercula arctica is related to changes in forage fish stocks and climate conditions. keywords: 0.001; 2020; arctic; atlantic; colonies; data; greenland; harris; length; mass; measurements; naumanni; north; puffins; size cache: polar-5242.htm plain text: polar-5242.txt item: #429 of 461 id: polar-5270 author: None title: Distribution and contamination assessment of heavy metals in soils and sediments from the Fildes Peninsula and Ardley Island in King George Island, Antarctica date: None words: 5911 flesch: 59 summary: Heavy metal concentrations in soils and lake sediments have been reported from the Fildes Peninsula and Ardley Island, a small island close off King George Island (Lu et al. 2012; Table 2 Particle-size fraction (%) and heavy metal concentrations (mg/kg) in this study. keywords: ardley; ardley island; doi; et al; fildes; fildes peninsula; island; metals; peninsula; pollution; sediments; soils cache: polar-5270.htm plain text: polar-5270.txt item: #430 of 461 id: polar-5326 author: None title: Distribution and habitat characteristics of pinnipeds and polar bears in the Svalbard Archipelago, 2005–2018 date: None words: 10751 flesch: 62 summary: Figure 5 KDE plots showing observation frequencies of ringed seals and bearded seals around Svalbard during 2005–2018, based on (a) number of ringed seal observations and (b) number of ringed seals observed; (c) number of bearded seal observations and (d) number of bearded seals observed. There was no increase in the mean latitude for ringed seal observations, but there was an increased frequency of observations at around 82°N, which reflects their following a northward shift in the ice edge during summer foraging trips. keywords: 2014; 2018; areas; bears; doi; et al; fig; harbour; ice; k.m; kovacs; lydersen; marine; north; number; observations; period; polar; seals; species; spitsbergen; study; svalbard cache: polar-5326.htm plain text: polar-5326.txt item: #431 of 461 id: polar-5389 author: None title: Diversity and distribution of heterotrophic flagellates in seawater of the Powell Basin, Antarctic Peninsula date: None words: 8055 flesch: 53 summary: Cyanobacteria are less prevalent in the Arctic and Antarctic than in other parts of the world (Waleron et al. 2007; In recent years, with the development of molecular biology techniques, it has been demonstrated that HFs exist in almost all lineages of eukaryotes in the areas studied, and several studies have shown that HF communities are rarely dominated by a single or several species (Lovejoy et al. 2007; Massana 2011). keywords: antarctic; community; different; diversity; doi; et al; factors; group; heterotrophic; hfs; hnf; hpf; marine; masts; otus; proportion; samples; sea; stations; structure; taxa cache: polar-5389.htm plain text: polar-5389.txt item: #432 of 461 id: polar-5391 author: None title: Stable ringed seal (Pusa hispida) demography despite significant habitat change in Svalbard, Norway date: None words: 9570 flesch: 63 summary: This research study compares age structure, reproductive parameters, body size and condition during three time periods—1981–82 (n = 277), 2002–04 (n = 272) and 2012–18 (n = 212)—to study potential changes in demography in ringed seals in western Svalbard, Norway, an area that has undergone dramatic changes in sea-ice conditions during recent decades. Ice stability is also important because ringed seals have the longest nursing period of any of the northern true seals (members of the family Phocidae) and need stable ice throughout the period of maternal care, which lasts for about six weeks. keywords: 2012–18; age; arctic; body; data; doi; et al; females; hispida; ice; kovacs; lydersen; marine; periods; phoca; polar; population; seals; smith; svalbard cache: polar-5391.htm plain text: polar-5391.txt item: #433 of 461 id: polar-5499 author: None title: The immune response and diving: conservation considerations for belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) in a changing Arctic environment date: None words: 10198 flesch: 56 summary: The longest reported dive duration for a beluga is 31.4 min (Vacquie-Garcia et al. 2019); average dive durations range from 1.1 to 18 min (Ridgway et al. 1984; Martin et al. 1998; Martin & Smith 1999; Kingsle et al. 2001; Martin et al. 2001; Goetz et al. 2012; Citta et al. 2013; Vacquie-Garcia et al. 2019). (F) 2.25 ± 0.21 (M) 2.29 ± 0.26 (F) Martin & Smith 1992b 1.43 to 2.2 1.23 to 1.84 Shaffer et al. 1997b <2 2.2 to 3 Martin et al. 1998c 0.5 ± 0.24 to 1.7 ± 0.02 0.45 ± 0.12 to 1.76 ± 0.06 Martin & Smith 1999b 1.5 to1.85 1.37 to 1.97 Martin et al. 2001d 1.42 (1.1 to 1.7) 1.73 (1.7 to 1.8) Lefebvre et al. 2018 b 0.15 to 0.87 0.22 to 0.63 Vertical speed (m/s) Heide Jørgensen et al. 1998b 0.5 to >2 Hauser et al. 2015b <2 Kingsle et al. 2001e 1.99 (SE 0.025) –2.19 (SE 0.028) aReported as mean ± SD. keywords: 2015; 2016; activity; arctic; behaviour; belugas; biology; changes; decompression; delphinapterus; dive; diving; doi; et al; function; health; journal; leucas; mammals; marine; martin; min; physiology; pressure; research; response; studies; thompson cache: polar-5499.htm plain text: polar-5499.txt item: #434 of 461 id: polar-5504 author: None title: Minimally invasive physiological correlates of social behaviour in belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) under human care date: None words: 11430 flesch: 49 summary: The physiological validation of blow (exhale) sampling for reproductive steroid hormone analysis in belugas (Richard, Robeck et al. 2017) facilitates repetitive sampling in real time and, thus, improves the feasibility of paired studies of beluga reproductive behaviour and endocrinology. 582701 and 582601) previously validated for use with beluga blow and blood samples (Richard, Robeck et al. 2017). keywords: 2015; behaviour; belugas; blow; breeding; courtship; delphinapterus; doi; et al; female; genital; group; interactions; male; observations; present; reproductive; season; study; week; whale cache: polar-5504.htm plain text: polar-5504.txt item: #435 of 461 id: polar-5508 author: None title: Synergy between behavioural research on beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) conducted in zoological and wild settings date: None words: 8854 flesch: 45 summary: Chernetsky et al. 2011; Krasnova et al. 2012; Alekseeva et al. 2013; Lomac-MacNair et al. 2015; Shelden et al. 2019 Seasonality confirmed from direct observation of mating Detailed behavioural repertoire Partial understanding of developmental time course Glabicky et al. 2010; Hill, Dietrich et al. 2015; Lilley et al. 2020; Richard et al. 2021 Sequence of courtship behaviours? Differential roles by males and females in mate choice? Mother–calf interactions Preferred habitat for mother–calf pairs Length of association Anecdotal descriptions of behaviours Huntington et al. 1999; Mymrin et al. 1999; Krasnova et al. 2003; Krasnova et al. 2006; Karenina et al. 2010; Chernetsky et al. 2011; Karenina et al. 2013; Krasnova et al. 2014; McGuire et al. 2020 Behavioural milestones as a function of calf age Specific types of tactile interactions Social interactions outside the mother–calf dyad Vergara & Barrett-Lennard 2008; Hill 2009; Leung et al. 2010; Vergara et al. 2010; Hill et al. 2013; Hill & Campbell 2014; Hill et al. 2016; Hill, Dietrich et al. 2018; Vergara & Mikus 2019; Ames & Vergara 2020 Length of association as a function of social structure? Mechanism for mother–calf recognition? This early autonomy may be mediated by contact calls that appear to contain information about individual identity (Vergara et al. 2010; Vergara & Mikus 2019). keywords: 2013; 2015; behaviour; beluga; calf; calves; contact; delphinapterus; doi; et al; hill; hill et; interactions; krasnova et; leucas; male; observations; play; research; socio; wild cache: polar-5508.htm plain text: polar-5508.txt item: #436 of 461 id: polar-5509 author: None title: A review of the ecology and status of white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in Svalbard, Norway date: None words: 8440 flesch: 55 summary: Svalbard white whales are genetically separate from populations off west Greenland and in the White Sea. Although killer whales (Orcinus orca) are not particularly common in Svalbard currently (Storrie et al. 2018), the behaviour of Svalbard white whales during transits between glacier fronts is similar to responses to the presence of this predator in other Arctic areas (Finley et al. 1990). keywords: animals; arctic; areas; delphinapterus; doi; et al; ice; k.m; kovacs; leucas; lydersen; marine; polar; population; research; sea; species; study; svalbard; whales; white cache: polar-5509.htm plain text: polar-5509.txt item: #437 of 461 id: polar-5514 author: None title: Stranded beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) calf response and care: reports of two cases with different outcomes date: None words: 11117 flesch: 52 summary: 1 Physical attributes used to determine age in stranded beluga calves (Delphinapterus leucas). Fig. 2 Daily weights (kg) in stranded beluga calves (Delphinapterus leucas) DL1202 and DL1705. keywords: 2012; 2017; alaska; animal; aquarium; beluga; calf; calves; care; day; delphinapterus; dl1202; dl1705; doi; et al; fig; gastrointestinal; hearing; journal; leucas; mammal; marine; medicine; october; serum; skin; time; usa; veterinary; water cache: polar-5514.htm plain text: polar-5514.txt item: #438 of 461 id: polar-5521 author: None title: Can you hear me? Impacts of underwater noise on communication space of adult, sub-adult and calf contact calls of endangered St. Lawrence belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) date: None words: 14034 flesch: 58 summary: The broadband acoustic structure typical of beluga contact calls is shared with narwhals (Monodon monoceros), a closely related species (Shapiro 2006), and may have evolved to minimize masking by ambient noise in the Arctic (Vergara et al. 2010). Methods ASLs of beluga contact calls To evaluate the communication space of a signal, one would ideally need to know the SL of that signal, defined as its SPL at a nominal distance of 1 m from the source, expressed in dB re 1µPa at 1 m. When recordings at 1 m from the animal cannot be obtained, received SPLs are used to calculate the ASLs, defined as the back-calculated SPLs at 1 m distance from the sound source at an unknown angle from the acoustic axis (Mohl et al. 2000; Jensen, Bejder, Wahlberg & Madsen 2009; Wang et al. 2016). keywords: 2012; acoustic; adult; beluga; boats; calf; calls; calves; canada; communication; contact; contact calls; delphinapterus; doi; dolphins; et al; frequency; journal; leucas; marine; median; mother; newborn; noise; octave; range; signal; sle; sub; vergara; whales cache: polar-5521.htm plain text: polar-5521.txt item: #439 of 461 id: polar-5522 author: None title: Beluga whale stewardship and collaborative research practices among Indigenous peoples in the Arctic date: None words: 13010 flesch: 52 summary: Quaqtarmiut and beluga whales: knowledge, practice and the impact of beluga whale management. Nunavik Inuit perspectives on beluga whale management in the Canadian Arctic. keywords: 2017; 2018; alaska; arctic; bay; beluga; beluga whales; canada; canadian; communities; delphinapterus; doi; eastern; ehb; et al; fisheries; harvest; harvesting; hunters; hunting; inuit; knowledge; leucas; management; marine; nunavik; region; research; science; stock; whales cache: polar-5522.htm plain text: polar-5522.txt item: #440 of 461 id: polar-5523 author: None title: The challenges of a small population exposed to multiple anthropogenic stressors and a changing climate: the St. Lawrence Estuary beluga date: None words: 13399 flesch: 53 summary: Possible mechanisms of action of environmental contaminants on St. Lawrence beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas). The SLE beluga population declined from a pristine size estimated at about 8000 individuals in 1866 to a few hundreds of individuals at the end of the 1970s as a result of hunt and bounty programmes that thrived from the 1500s to the mid-1900s (Vladykov 1944; Reeves & Mitchel 1984; Hammill et al. 2007). keywords: 2012; adult; beluga; calf; canada; canadian; change; delphinapterus; doi; effects; estuary; et al; females; fisheries; ice; lawrence; lawrence beluga; lawrence estuary; lesage; leucas; marine; mortality; noise; oceans; population; research; science; sle; sle beluga; whales cache: polar-5523.htm plain text: polar-5523.txt item: #441 of 461 id: polar-5611 author: None title: Alaska Beluga Whale Committee—a unique model of co-management date: None words: 14005 flesch: 50 summary: From its inception, the ABWC included beluga hunters; local, state, tribal and federal government personnel; and scientists. The decision to include scientists and managers as well as beluga hunters as members was a formative decision that has shaped the ABWC for the ensuing 30 years (Adams et al. 1993). keywords: abwc; alaska; beluga; communities; delegates; ebs; funding; harvest; hunters; hunting; information; kotzebue; management; marine; meetings; members; nmfs; plan; research; scientists; sound; stock; subsistence cache: polar-5611.htm plain text: polar-5611.txt item: #442 of 461 id: polar-6310 author: Pedersen, Å.Ø.; Convey, P. ; Newsham, K.K. ; Mosbacher, J.B. ; Fuglei, E. ; Ravolainen, V. ; Hansen, B.B. ; Jensen, T.C. ; Augusti, A. ; Biersma, E.M. ; Cooper, E.J. ; Coulson, S.J. ; Gabrielsen, G.W. ; Gallet, J.C. ; Karsten, U. ; Kristiansen, S.M. ; Svenning, M.M. ; Tveit, A.T. ; Uchida, M. ; Baneschi, I. ; Calizza, E. ; Cannone, N. ; de Goede, E.M. ; Doveri, M. ; Elster, J. ; Giamberini, M.S. ; Hayashi, K. ; Lang, S.I. ; Lee, Y.K. ; Nakatsubo, T. ; Pasquali, V. ; Paulsen, I.M.G. ; Pedersen, C. ; Peng, F. ; Provenzale, A. ; Pushkareva, E. ; Sandström, C.A.M. ; Sklet, V. ; Stach, A. ; Tojo, M. ; Tytgat, B. ; Tømmervik, H. ; Velazquez, D. ; Verleyen, E. ; Welker, J.M. ; Yao, Y.-F. ; Loonen, M.J.J.E. title: Five decades of terrestrial and freshwater research at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard date: 2022-04-19 words: 1335 flesch: 2 summary: data Vegetation Cassiope tetragona growth Ny-Ålesund Experimental fertilization and watering 1991, treatment stopped 1994 Irregular Aberdeen University, UK Street et al. 2015, Street et al. 2018 C. tetragona growth and reproduction Ny-Ålesund Experimental OTC 2003– 2013 Irregular Vrije University Amsterdam, Netherlands Weijers et al. 2012 C. tetragona, Dryas octopetala and Salix Polaris growth Ny-Ålesund Experimental: fertilization 1991 Irregular Aberdeen University, UK Baddeley et al. 1994 Cryptogamic cover Ny-Ålesund Observational 2014 Annual University of Rostock, Technical University of Kaiserslautem, Germany Williams et al. 2017 Cryptogamic cover, plant community structure Knudsenheia, Ossian Sarsfjellet Observational 2017 Annual University of Rostock, Germany Kern et al. 2019 6 Ecosystem component Monitoring target Spatial extent Methods Starting year Interval Responsible institution References a Vegetation Dryas octopetala and Bistorta vivipara Ny-Ålesund Experimental: warming (tents), fertilization Treatment applied 2000–03 Irregular University of Manchester, UK Wookey et al. 1993, Wookey et al. 1994, Robinson et al. 1995 Grass production Ny-Ålesund Experimental exclosures 1991 Annual, weekly University of Groningen, Netherlands Bakker & Loonen 1998 Microbotryum bistortarum on Bistorta vivipara Ny-Ålesund Observational 2000 Annual 2000–04, irregular 2005– Osaka Prefecture University, Japan Tojo & Nishitani 2005 Plant community composition Gåsebu- Knudsenheia Observational 2014 Annual Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Bjerke et al. 2017 Plant community composition Ny-Ålesund Observational 1997 5-year interval National Institute of Polar Research, Japan Uchida unpubl. data Soil processes Bacteria, soil pH, organic carbon Midtre Lovénbreen Observational 2014 Irregular Korea Polar Research Institute Tripathi et al. 2018 Bacterial community structure, soil physicochemical properties Midtre Lovénbreen Observational 2012 Irregular Korea Polar Research Institute Kim et al. 2017 keywords: institute; norwegian; observational; polar; university cache: polar-6310.pdf plain text: polar-6310.txt item: #443 of 461 id: polar-6351 author: None title: Foraging behaviour of sympatrically breeding macaroni (Eudyptes chrysolophus) and chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarcticus) penguins at Bouvetøya, Southern Ocean date: None words: 8358 flesch: 60 summary: Offering predictable food availability, these islands support large multispecies marine predator guilds (Trivelpiece et al. 1987; Adams & Brown 1989; Reid & Croxall 2001; Petry et al. 2018). Consequently, penguins are spatially constrained during breeding (Barlow et al. 2002; Ichii et al. 2007) and likely vulnerable to the effects of trophic competition (Waluda et al. 2010; Polito et al. 2015; Clewlow et al. 2019). keywords: 2015; 2018; antarctic; bouvetøya; breeding; chins; croxall; dive; doi; ecology; et al; foraging; krill; macs; marine; mean; penguins; prey; range; season; species; δ15n cache: polar-6351.htm plain text: polar-6351.txt item: #444 of 461 id: polar-7564 author: None title: Historic temperature observations on Nordaustlandet, north-east Svalbard date: None words: 6700 flesch: 53 summary: Here, I use daily mean temperature observations, obtained through eKlima.met.no. Regression with Svalbard Airport temperature series The present work follows the methodology of Nordli et al. (2020) for the adjustment of local temperature time series by linear regression to the Svalbard Airport series, that is, it is assumed that the two temperature series can be expressed by the linear relation where Ts is the principal Svalbard Airport temperature series, Ta is the local temperature series and ε denotes the residual. Validation of the linear relation between Svalbard Airport temperatures and Rijpfjorden (2014–16) or Crozierpynten (2010–12), respectively, using independent historic observations. keywords: airport; arctic; data; expedition; haudegen; mean; nordaustlandet; observations; rijpfjorden; series; svalbard; svalbard airport; temperature cache: polar-7564.htm plain text: polar-7564.txt item: #445 of 461 id: polar-8339 author: None title: Local temperature near native vascular plants in the Argentine Islands–Kyiv Peninsula region, Antarctic Peninsula: annual variability and approximation using standard meteorological measurements date: None words: 7586 flesch: 48 summary: These areas were most likely located under a thick layer of snow cover and could therefore not reflect air temperature changes over the region. Loggers with higher R2 indicated locations where air temperature changes were slower, i.e., LT inertia was higher. keywords: air; antarctic; conditions; convey; doi; et al; fig; loggers; parameters; plants; rock; scale; temperature; variability; wind cache: polar-8339.htm plain text: polar-8339.txt item: #446 of 461 id: polar-8541 author: None title: Carbon exchange and primary production in a High-Arctic peatland in Svalbard date: None words: 6465 flesch: 57 summary: On the physical controls of the carbon dioxide balance at a High Arctic site in Svalbard. The measurement and modelling of the carbon dioxide exchange at a High Arctic site in Svalbard. keywords: arctic; carbon; doi; layer; m-2; moss; nep; npp; respiration; study; svalbard; temperature; tundra; values cache: polar-8541.htm plain text: polar-8541.txt item: #447 of 461 id: polar-8616 author: None title: Adult survival and annual movement patterns of common snipe in Iceland date: None words: 8719 flesch: 57 summary: With this additional information on wintering range, we relate apparent annual survival rates to climate conditions experienced by snipe to examine their potential to influence snipe survival. Better data, especially from Ireland, would help determine whether harvest pressure varies annually and, consequently, whether human hunting contributes to variation in snipe survival (which we could not account for in our analysis). keywords: 2021; adult; birds; breeding; data; doi; effort; estimates; et al; fig; flatey; gallinago; iceland; model; nao; nests; petersen; population; search; snipe; study; survival; time; year cache: polar-8616.htm plain text: polar-8616.txt item: #448 of 461 id: polar-8809 author: None title: Possible signs of recovery of the nearly extirpated Spitsbergen bowhead whales: calves observed in east Greenland date: None words: 1887 flesch: 67 summary: Bowhead whale calves are 4.0–4.5 m long at birth (Koski et al. 1993; Heide-Jørgensen et al. 2012), with an early growth rate of 1.5 cm/day (Koski et al. 1993). It remains to be seen if the two observations of calves reported here are a beginning of a positive trend in the abundance of Spitsbergen bowhead whales and an indicator of a calving ground for this endangered population. keywords: bowhead; calf; greenland; population; whales cache: polar-8809.htm plain text: polar-8809.txt item: #449 of 461 id: polar-8873 author: None title: Personal submersibles offer novel ecological research access to Antarctic waters: an example, with observations of the rarely encountered scyphozoan Stygiomedusa gigantea date: None words: 3094 flesch: 53 summary: Stygiomedusa gigantea is currently the only known species within the genus Stygiomedusa (Matsumoto et al. 2003) since S. stauchi Repelin, 1967 and S. fabulosa Russell, 1959 are now considered synonyms of S. gigantea. No other species were found in association with S. gigantea individuals. keywords: antarctic; doi; gigantea; marine; observations; pss; research; species; stygiomedusa; waters cache: polar-8873.htm plain text: polar-8873.txt item: #450 of 461 id: polar-8874 author: None title: A comparison of an operational wave–ice model product and drifting wave buoy observation in the central Arctic Ocean: investigating the effect of sea-ice forcing in thin ice cover date: None words: 8086 flesch: 61 summary: The effects of sea ice on wave evolution as observed by the wave buoys and models Sea ice as lateral boundary effects on wave evolution Significant wave height Hm0 and period time series were extracted from the ARC MFC wave–ice model and the ECMWF HRES forecast at the Zeni-v2021 and SPOT-1386 positions during their deployment between 15 and 29 September 2021. Keywords OpenMetBuoy; ARC MFC wave–ice model; neXtSIM sea-ice model; wave–ice interaction; MIZ wave predictability; ice thickness Abbreviations AMSR2: Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 ARC MFC: Arctic Ocean Wave Analysis and Forecast (produced by the Copernicus Marine Arctic Monitoring and Forecast Center) CMEMS: keywords: arc; arc mfc; buoy; dissipation; et al; fig; ice; ice model; mfc; mfc wave; model; nextsim; ocean; sea; sea ice; v2021; wave cache: polar-8874.htm plain text: polar-8874.txt item: #451 of 461 id: polar-8875 author: None title: An observation of white whale (Delphinapterus leucas) mating behaviour in the wild date: None words: 3727 flesch: 62 summary: An observation of white whale (Delphinapterus leucas) mating behaviour in the wild RESEARCH NOTE An observation of white whale (Delphinapterus leucas) mating behaviour in the wild Christian Lydersen,1 Kerstin Langenberger2 & Kit M. Kovacs1 1Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø, Norway 2Lohmar, keywords: behaviour; delphinapterus; doi; female; group; leucas; males; mating; svalbard; whales; white cache: polar-8875.htm plain text: polar-8875.txt item: #452 of 461 id: polar-9026 author: None title: Perceptions of decision-makers about a potential forum of cooperation in the eastern part of the North American Arctic date: None words: 8620 flesch: 36 summary: These different initiatives provide a rather nuanced picture of Arctic cooperation, one emphasizing different sub-regional political landscapes. Concerning federal or national governments’ involvement or the lack thereof, the representative of Québec had an interesting position, echoed by the representative of the government of Nunavut: the nature of Arctic cooperation is centered on cooperating. keywords: arctic; canada; cooperation; forum; government; greenland; naa; nunavut; potential; regional; representative; sub cache: polar-9026.htm plain text: polar-9026.txt item: #453 of 461 id: polar-9070 author: None title: An Arctic expedition: a supposedly useful thing I’ll never do again date: None words: 4179 flesch: 53 summary: As science ambassadors, they would contribute towards raising public and political awareness for the expedition, the need for Arctic research and the consequences of climate change (University of Groningen 2022a). Pedersen (2021) argues that the surge in polar research may be partly explained by nations seeking a strategic presence in polar regions as they position themselves to adopt new transport routes, explore more easily accessed offshore resources or take advantage of other new opportunities arising from climate change and technological developments: science raises the least public display of distrust compared with other politically motivated actions. keywords: 2022; arctic; climate; doi; expedition; polar; research; science; sees; svalbard; tourism cache: polar-9070.htm plain text: polar-9070.txt item: #454 of 461 id: polar-9075 author: None title: The Queen of the Arctic: Louise Arner Boyd date: None words: 8010 flesch: 59 summary: The Queen of the Arctic: Louise Arner Boyd PERSPECTIVE The Queen of the Arctic: Louise Arner Boyd Elisabeth Isaksson1 and Anka Ryall2 1Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø, Norway; 2Centre for Women’s and Gender Research, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway Abstract Louise Boyd (1887–1972) was a female pioneer in Arctic research whose legacy includes the exploration of north-east Greenland. He had only seen Miss Boyd and Madame Smet in 7 years” (Hofseth 1939, diary entry 30 July; our translation). keywords: arctic; boyd; east; expedition; glaciers; glaciology; greenland; ice; leader; louise; north; norwegian; photographs; polar; research; researchers; women cache: polar-9075.htm plain text: polar-9075.txt item: #455 of 461 id: polar-9108 author: None title: Variability of biothermal conditions in the vicinity of the Polish Antarctic station in the South Shetlands, West Antarctica date: None words: 6842 flesch: 60 summary: Variability of biothermal conditions in the vicinity of the Polish Antarctic station in the South Shetlands, West Antarctica RESEARCH ARTICLE Variability of biothermal conditions in the vicinity of the Polish Antarctic station in the South Shetlands, West Antarctica Joanna Plenzler1, Katarzyna Piotrowicz2, Weronika Rymer3 & Tomasz Budzik4 1Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; 2Institute of Geography and Spatial Management, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; 3Faculty of Medicine, University of Opole, Opole, Poland; 4Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland Abstract There are nine year-round and 11 seasonal scientific stations in the South Shetland Islands, an area often visited by cruise ships and sailing yachts. We analysed the variability of biothermal conditions near Henryk Arctowski Station Polish Antarctic Station, on King George Island, during the period 2013–2021, using the wind chill index (WCI), which combines air temperature and wind speed, to determine thermal sensation. keywords: antarctic; arctowski; category; changes; cold; conditions; cooling; doi; fig; station; temperature; values; wci; wind; year cache: polar-9108.htm plain text: polar-9108.txt item: #456 of 461 id: polar-9249 author: None title: BOOK REVIEW date: None words: 1816 flesch: 57 summary: Translated from the original French (Penser comme un iceberg) into English by Stephen Muecke, the book explores the multifaceted and porous histories of describing and thinking about and alongside ice. Taken as a whole, the book brings together glaciology, environmental history, anthropological studies and accounts, and historic and contemporary aesthetic responses to ice. keywords: glaciers; ice; icebergs; inuit; remaud cache: polar-9249.htm plain text: polar-9249.txt item: #457 of 461 id: polar-9436 author: None title: Observations of bowhead whales in west Greenland during summer date: None words: 1681 flesch: 59 summary: Observations of bowhead whales in west Greenland during summer RESEARCH NOTE Observations of bowhead whales in west Greenland during summer David Boertmann,1 Katrine Raundrup,2 Josephine Nymand,2 Janne Fritt-Rasmussen1 & Kasper L. Johansen1 1Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark 2Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, Greenland Abstract Bowhead whales (Baleana mysticetus) are usually away from west Greenland waters during summer. Observations During land-based fieldwork in summer 2022, a number of bowhead whales were observed in a bay in south-west Svartenhuk Peninsula (Siggup Nunaa), in the northern part of Uummannaq Fjord, west Greenland (71.40°N, 55.03°W; Fig. 1). keywords: bay; bowhead; greenland; july; west; whales cache: polar-9436.htm plain text: polar-9436.txt item: #458 of 461 id: polar-9556 author: None title: First observations of emperor penguins on Horseshoe Island, Antarctica date: None words: 2687 flesch: 61 summary: Requiring fast ice to breed and raise their young (Barbraud & Weimerskirch 2001; Jenouvrier et al. 2009) and rarely observed on land (Kooyman et al. 2000), emperor penguin colonies are located around the perimeter of the Antarctic continent (Trathan et al. 2011; Fig. 1), including the western and eastern coasts of the Antarctic Peninsula (Fig. 1). Fig. 1 Locations of emperor penguin colonies on Antarctica, compiled from Fretwell & Trathan (2009); Trathan et al. (2011); Younger et al. keywords: antarctic; doi; emperor; fig; horseshoe; ice; island; penguins; sea cache: polar-9556.htm plain text: polar-9556.txt item: #459 of 461 id: polar-9614 author: None title: BOOK REVIEW date: None words: 1948 flesch: 54 summary: Such objects—Dawes calls them “hybrids”—are intriguing evidence of cross-cultural encounters under extreme conditions. (The group of objects that are referred to in the book as the “22 relics” are already in public collections.) keywords: book; dawes; expedition; greenland; objects cache: polar-9614.htm plain text: polar-9614.txt item: #460 of 461 id: polar-9709 author: None title: BOOK REVIEW date: None words: 665 flesch: 51 summary: Since retiring, Dudeney has spent many seasons lecturing aboard Antarctic tourist cruise vessels. This has produced peer-reviewed articles on early British Antarctic policy and about Ernest Shackleton declining help to rescue his party on Elephant Island—ample demonstration of his continued engagement in Antarctic issues and his lively mind. keywords: book; dudeney cache: polar-9709.htm plain text: polar-9709.txt item: #461 of 461 id: polar-9739 author: None title: BOOK REVIEW date: None words: 1318 flesch: 52 summary: One such site is the remains of Willem Barentsz’ wintering house on the north-eastern tip of Novaya Zemlya. Willem Barentsz (1550–1597; Zeeberg uses the anglicised name Barents, which is less usual now) was a Dutch navigator who was sent on three expeditions from the Netherlands to search for a north-east passage from Europe to Asia. keywords: arctic; barentsz; book; site cache: polar-9739.htm plain text: polar-9739.txt