Special Issue in Connection with Professor John 0. Krog’s 65th Birthday PROFESSOR, DR. PHILOS. JOHN KROG John Krog was born in Meldal, Norway on the 29th of August, 1918. He graduated (cand. real.) at the University of Oslo in 1949, with zoology as his major subject, and in 1964 obtained his doctorate at the same university. John Krog worked as a biology teacher at Oslo Teachers’ College in 1950 before spending four years working as a physiologist with Professor Lawrence Irving in Anchorage, Alaska, under the Exchange Visitor’s Program, U.S. Public Health Service. From 1954 until 1964 he worked at the Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Ullevll Hospital, Oslo, first as Research Fellow in Circulatory Physiology and from 1962 as Associate Professor. He was Visiting Research Professor at the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Kentucky Medical School, Lexington, Kentucky, U.S.A. from 1964 t o 1965 and was appointed Professor and Chairman of the Institute of Zoophysiology, University of Oslo, in 1965. 220 Professor John Krog During leave from these positions, John Krog extended his qualifications through short stays in other research institutions. He studied circulatory physiology and polarographic oxygen determination under Dr. H. C. Bazett and Professor H . Montgomery. University of Pennsylvania; microcirculation under Dr. Benjamin Zweifach, University of Boston. and Professor E. Bloch, Western Reserve University; circulatory physiological methods and problems connected with adaptability to cold under Professor Otto Edholm. National Institute for Medical Research, London; and problems concerning vasodilatation due to cold at the University of Gothenburg. John Krog has participated in several scientific expeditions. He spent six months in Panama making physiological studies on counter-current principles (1956-57). In Finnmark, Norway, he studied acclimatization to cold in Lapps and fishermen (1957-58). He went with Alpha Helix to the Bering Sea (1968). was the leader of an expedition to Greenland to study blood circulation of the Eskimos (1968), and made two expeditions to Enare, Finland, for studies on adjustments to cold in the Skolt Lapps (1969-70). John Krog is a member of the Editorial Board of Acta Microcirculatoriu; he is a member of the National Committee for Biophysics, the Constitutional Committee for the International Biophysical Union, t h e Scientific Committee on Oceanographic Research, and is a Representative of the Interna- tional Union of Physiological Sciences. He has membership in the Scandinavian Association of Physiologists, the Scandinavian Society for Clinical Physiology, the European Microcirculatory Society, and the Aerospace Medical Association; he is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and of the Arctic Institute of North America. During his career, John Krog has attended a number of international congresses and several symposia in the capacitv of guest speaker. He has also given lectures on topics of popular science. John Krog has published about 80 scientific papers, mainly on circulatory physiology and adaptation to cold. His interest in the biology of arctic animals was strongly stimulated when he worked with Lawrence Irving in Alaska. He later experimented with seals and reindeer. In addition to his research, John Krog promoted zoophysiology, extending the possibilities for graduate studies in this subject a t the University of Oslo. Most university positions in zoophysiology in Norway are held by former students from his institute. Graduate students and scientists in the field of experimental medicine have also benefited from his encouragement and advice. Ola B. Reite List of publications Krog. J 1953: Notes on the birds of Amchitka Island. Alaska. The Condor 55. 299. Irving. L . & Krog. J . 1954: Body temperatures of arctic and subarctic birds and mammals. J . Appl. Physiol. 6 . 667. Krog. J . 1954: Improved needle thermocouple for subcutaneous and intramuscular temperature measurements in animals and man Rei,. S C I . /n.rrrum. 25. 799 Krog. J . & Simmet. R . 1924: An attachment for the low-power binocular microscope facilitating obsemations at controlled temperatures. Trans Am. .vicroscop. soc. Lxxxx. 4. Krog. J . 1954: Storing of food items in the winter nest of the Alaskan ground squirrel. Cirellus undularu. 1. Mammal. 35. 586. Krog. J . 1954: The influence of seasonal environmental changes upon the metabolism. lethal temperature and rate of heart beat of Gammarw limnaeu (Smith) taken from an Alaskan lake. Biol. Bull 107. 397. Irving. L . & Krog J . 1955: Temperature of skin in the Arctic as a regulator of heat. 1. Appl. Physiol. 7 , 1. Krog. J . 1955: Notes on temperature measurements indicative of special organization i n Arctic and Subarctic plants for utilization of radiated heat from the sun. Physiol. Plant. 8 . R36. Krog. J . 1956: An inexpensive temperature controlled room for clinical and physiological investigations. J . Oslo City H o s p . 6. 76. Krog. J . 1956: Modern electrical temperaturc measurements and some of their applications in experimental physiology and medicine. . I . Oslo Clry Hosp. 6. 117. Storm-Mathiesen. A . & Krog. J . 1956: Skin resistance measure- ments: A comparative study of the results obtained by using the Regelsberger and Kaiser apparatus. J . Oslo City H o s p . 6. 77. Krog. J , 1956: Thermistor hypodermic needle for subcutaneous temperature measurements. R e v . Sci. Instrum. 27, 408. Irving. L. & Krog. J . 1956: Temperature during the develop- ment of birds in arctic nests. Physiol. Zool. XXIX, no 3 . Erikson. H . & Krog. J . 1956: The critical temperature in naked man. Acra Physiol. Scand. 37. 35. Scholander, P. F . , Lange Andersen, K. & Krog, J . 1957: Critical temperature in lapps. J . Appl. Physiol. 10, 231. Krog. J . & Scholander. P . F. 1957: Countercurrent vascular heat exchange. with special reference to the arteriovenous bundles in sloths. Acta Physio/. S c a d . 42, suppl. 145. Scholander. P. F. & Krog, J . 1957: Countercurrent heat exchange and vascular bundles in sloths. 1. A p p l . Physiol. 10. 40s. Ola B . Reite 221 Lund, I., Johansen, K., Krog, J. & Birkeland, S . 1958: The change in vascular resistance of the dog’s brain on perfusion with cold blood and modifying effect of COz and Trimsta plancamphor-sulphonate (Arfonad). Acta Anaesth. Scand. 2 , 149. Krog, J . & Johansen, K. 1959: Construction and characteristics of tefloncovered polarographic electrode for intravascular oxygen determination. Reu. Sci. Instrum. 30. 108. Birkeland. S . . Vogt. A.. Krog. J. & Semb, C. 1959: Renal circulatory occlusion and local cooling. J . Appl. Physiol. 14, 227. Johansen. K. & Krog, J. 1959: Diurnal body temperature vari- ations and hibernation in the Birch-mouse, Sicista betulina. A m . 1. Physiol. 196. 1200. Birkeland. S . . Krog, J . , Vogt, A . & Semb, C. 1959: Renal function following ischemia under renal hypothermia. J. Appl. Physiol. 14, 227. Krog. J . 1959: Notes on rectal temperature variations in dogs during Nembutal anaesthesia. Acta Physiol. Scand. 45. 308. Johansen, K. & Krog. J . 1959: Peripheral circulatory response to submersion asphyxia in the Duck. Acta Physiol. Scand. 46. 194. Johansen. K. & Krog. J . 1959: Polarographic determination of intravascular oxygen tension in vivo. Acta Physiol. Scand. 46. 228. Kristiansen. K., Krog, J. & Lund, I. 1959: Experiences with selective cooling of the brain. Acta Chir. Scand. Suppl. 253, 151. Krog, J . & Johansen. K. 1960: The relation between muscular blood flow and oxygen tension as measured polarographi- cally. Acta Chir. Scand. Suppl. 253, 162. Semb, C., Krog. J . & Johansen, K. 1960: Renal metabolism and blood flow during local hypothermia. studied by means of renal perfusion in situ. Acta Chir. Scand. Suppl. 253, 196. Krog, J . , Folkow. B., Fox, R. H. & Lange Andersen, K . 1960: Hand circulation in the cold of lapps and north Norwegian fishermen. 1. Appl. Physiol. 15, 654. Andersen. P.. Johansen. K. & Krog, J. 1960: Electroencepha- logram during arousal from hibernation in the birch-mouse. A m . J. Physiol. 199. 535. Aukland. K. & Krog. J . 1960: Renal oxygen tension. Nature 188. 671. Folkow, B . , Fox. R . H., Krog, J . , Odelram, H. & Thoren, 0. 1960: An analysis of the vascular response to intense cooling. Acta Physiol. Scand. Suppl. 175. 1. Aukland, K. & Krog, J . 1961: Influence of various factors on urine oxygen tension in the dog. Acta Physiol. Scand. 5 2 , 350. Kristiansen. K. & Krog. J . 1962: Electromagnetic studies on the blood flow through the carotid system in man. Neurology 12. 1. Krog. J . & Kristiansen, B. 1962: A new filter unit for extra- corporeal circulation. J. Oslo City Hosp. 1 2 , 108. Ingebrigtsen, R . . Krog, J . & Leraand. S . 1962: Velocity and flow of blood in the femoral artery proximal to an experi- mental arterio-venous fistula. Acra Chir. Scand. 124. 45. Krog. J . 1962: Effects of cervical sympathetic stimulation on cerebral circulation. Excerpts Medica, International Congress Series, no. 48. Krog, J . . Leraand. S . . Kristiansen, B. & Kristiansen. K. 1962: A servooperated perfusion unit for selective cooling of the brain. J. Oslo City Hosp. 12, 238. Krog, J . 1963: Electrical measurement of body temperature. Acta Anaesth. Scand. Suppl. X I . 99. Folkow, B . , Fox. R . H.. Krog. J., Odelram. H. & Thoren, 0. 1963: Studies on the reactions of the cutaneous vessels to cold exposure. Acta Physiol. Scand. 58, 342. Krog. J . & Amundsen, B . 1963: A simple instrument for measurement of onset of claudication symptoms in patients suffering from atherosclerosis of the lower limbs. J. Oslo City Hosp. 13. 31. Ingebrigtsen, R . , Krog. J. & Leraand: S . 1963: Circulation distal to experimental arterio-venous fistulas of the extrem- ities. Acta Chir. Scand. 125, 308. Fange, R . . Krog, J . & Reite. 0. B . 1963: Blood flow in the avian salt gland studied by polarographic oxygen electrodes. Acta Phvsiol. Scand. 58. 40. Fange. R . & Krog. J . 1963: Inability of the kidney of the hagfish to secrete phenol red. Nature 199, no. 4894. 713. Krog, J. & Reite, 0. B. 1963: The circulatory effect of bra- dykinin in birds. Acta Physiol. Scand. 59, suppl. 213. Reite. 0. B.. Krog. J. & Johansen. K. 1963: Notes on the development of bradycardia during submersion of the duck. Nature 200, 684. Krog, J . 1963: Oxygen Supply in Aquatic F o r m . Pergamon Press. Oxford. Krog, J . 1963: The use of polarographic oxygen tension measurements for estimation of rapid changes in regional blood flow. J . Oslo City Hosp. 13, 65. Krog, J. 1963: The effect of cervical sympathetic stimulation on cerebral blood flow in birds. J . Oslo City Hosp. 13, 201. Krog. J. 1963: The effect of cervical sympathetic stimulation on cerebral blood flow in the rabbit. 1. Oslo C i g Hosp. 13. 185. Irving, L., West, G. C. & Krog. J . 1964: Changes in water content of arctic plants during winter. Science in Alaska, 37. Johansen, K., Krog, J. &Reite, 0. B. 1964: Autonomicnervous influence on the heart of the hypothermic hibernator. Annales Acad. Scient. Fenn. Series A . IV Biologica 71. 17. Carlson, L. D. & Krog, J . 1965: Effects of subpressures applied to the lower part of the human body. Pror. of the X X l f l International Congress of Physiological Sciences, 73. Murray. R . . Krog. J . , Carlson, L. & Rowers, J . 1965: Lower body negative pressure as a provocative test for the circulatory system. The Physiologisl8, 238. Krog, J . . Cohn. J. & Shannon. R . 1965: The effect of water immersion upon the cardio-pulmonary functions in the goose. Proc. of the American Physiological Society Fall Meeting, Los Angeles. Reite. 0. B . , Krog, J . & Carlson, L. D. 1965: Influence of noradrenaline on vascular resistance in the intact perfused ears of coldadapted and warmadapted rabbits. Proc. of rhe International Symposium on Enviromental Physiology. Wyndham, C . H., Morrison, J. F., Krog. J. & Carlson. L. D . 1965: Standardization of methods for estimating body tol- erance to cold. Proc. of the International Symposium on Enviromental Physiology. Japan. Murray, R. H., Krog, J . , Carlson, L. & Bowers. J A . 1966: Cumulative effects of venesection and negative pressure applied to the lower body. Rep. from Aerospuce Medicine. 37, 1. Smith, R . E. & Krog, J. 1966: A p e l t i a effect heat exchanger appropriate for temperature regulatory studies In small ani- mals. Arctic Aeromed. Lab. 6. Krog. J . 1966: Physiological adaption to arctic living in the nomad lapps. Physical Activity in Health and Disease. 262. Krog, J. & Smith, R. E. 1967: Miniature peltier effect heat exchanger for extracorporeal circulation. J. Appl. Physiol. 22. 2 . Murray, R. H., Krog, J . , Carlson, L. D. &Bowers, J. A. 1967: 222 Professor John Krog Cumulative effects of venesection and lower body negative pressure. Aerospace Medicine 38(3). 242-241. Cohn, J . E . , Krog, J . & Shannon, R . 1968: Cardiopulmonary responses to head immersion in domestic geese. 1. A p p l . Physiol. 25. 1. Krog. J 1968: Forslag ti1 metodikk for bed0mmelse av den perifere sirkulasjonstilpassing ti1 kuldc hos mennesker Nor- disk Medicin 79. 414 Krog, J . . Alvik. M . 8; Lund-Larsen. K. 1969: Investigations of the circulatory effects of submersion of the hand in ice w t e r in the Finnish Lapps. the Skolts. Federation Proceedings. VOl. 78. 3. Krog. J . . Reite. 0. B. & Fjellheim. P. 1969: Vasomotor responses in the growing antlers of the reindeer. Rangifer tarandus Nature 223. 99-100. Iversen. J . A . & Krog. J 1972. Body temperatures and resting metabolic rates i n small petrels. Norw 1. 2001. 20. 141-144. Iversen. 1. A . & Krog. J . 1972: Body temperatures in active and resting charadriiforme birds (murres. puffins and auklets) at diffcrent ambient temperatures. Norw. 1. Zool. 20. 145- 146. Iversen. J A . & Krog. J . 1973: Heat production and body surface area in seals and sea otters. .Yorw. J. 2001. 21. 51- 54. Krog. J . 1975: Manniskans anpassning till kallt klimat. Finska Lnkaresallskapetr Handlingar A r g . 135. Band 119. 11-13. Krog. J . . Wika. M.. Lund-Larsen. T . , Nordfjell. J . & Myrnes. I . 1976: Spitsbergen reindeer. Rangifer rarandus planrhvn- chus Vrolik. Morphology. fat storage and organ weights in the late winter seabun. Norw. 1. Zool. 24. 407417. Ringherg. T . Jacohsen. E . . Ryg. M. & Krog. J . 1977: Seasonal changcs in levels of growth hormone. somatomedin and thg- roxine in free-ranging. semi-domesticated Norwegian rein- deer (Rarigifer raratidus rarandus (L,)). Comp. Biochem. Phvsiol. @A. 122-126. Krog, J . 1979: Vascular studies by means of external application of negative pressure. J. Oslo Cify Hosp. 2 9 , 119-121. Krog. J . . Zachariassen, K. E . , Larsen, B. & Smidsr@d, 0. 1979: Thermal buffering i n Afro-alpine plants due to nucleat- ing agent induced water freezing. Nature 282, 300-301. Wika, M., Krog. J . & Bjarghov. R . 1979: Thermoregulation in newborn reindeer calf. I n : Abstracts from X V I Scand. Congress of Phvsio/ogy and Pharmacoiogy . Oulu. Paschc. A . & Krog. J.1980: Heart rate in resting seals on land and in water. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 67A. 11-83. Krog. J . . Wika. M. & Savalov. P. 1980: The development of the foetus of the Norwegian reindeer. Pp. 306310 in Rei- mers. E.. Gaare. E. & Skjenneberg. S . (eds.): Proc. 2nd In[. ReindeeriCaribou S y m p . , Rbros, N o w a y . Direktoratet for vilt og ferskvannsfisk. Trondheim. Wika. M. & Krog. J . 1980: Antler 'disposable vascular b e d . Pp. 422-424 in Reiners, E.. Gaare, E. & Skjenneberg, S . (eds.): Proc. 2nd lnt. ReindeerlCaribou S y m p . . R@ros, Nor- way. Direktoratet for vilt og ferskvannstisk, Trondheim. Wika. M. & Krog. J. 1980: Thermoregulation and brown adi- pose tissue in the newborn reindeer calf. Pp. 425-431 in Reimers, E . . Gaare. E . & Skjenneberg, S . (eds.): Proc. 2nd Int. ReindeerlCaribou S y m p . , Rsros, N o w a y . Direktoratet for vilt og ferskvannsfisk. Trondheim Wika. M. 1980: On growth of reindeer antlers. Pp. 416421 in Reimers. E . . Gaare. E . & Skjenneberg, S . (eds.): Proc. 2nd lnr. ReindeerjCaribou S y m p . . R ~ r o s . N o w a y . Direktoratet for vilt og ferskvannsfisk. Trondheim. Wika, M . & Krog, J . 1980: The vascular bed of reindeer antler. Proc. IUPS 001. X I V , X X X V I l l Int. Congress, Budapest.