1 Supplementary material for: Pedersen Å.Ø. et al. 2022. Five decades of terrestrial and freshwater research at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard. Polar Research 41. Correspondence: Åshild Ønvik Pedersen, Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, PO Box 6606 Stakkevollan, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway. E-mail: aashild.pedersen@npolar.no. Supplementary Table S1. Overview of long-term monitoring time-series (> 10 years), newly established data series that will be run in a long- term monitoring perspective and studies that can be used as a basis to build future long-term time series obtained at the Ny-Ålesund Research Station. Monitoring targets are listed alphabetically under each ecosystem component. Ecosystem component Monitoring target Spatial extent Methods Starting year Interval Responsible institution References a Climate and weather Active layer temperature and moisture, permafrost temperature Kolhaugen b Observational 2016 1 min. University of Insubria, Italy Christiansen et al. 2019 Ground surface temperature Brøggerhalvøya Sarsøyra Observational 2012 Annual Norwegian Polar Institute c Pedersen unpubl. data Snow depth and basal ice Brøggerhalvøya Observational 2000 Annual Norwegian Polar Institute c Hansen, Pedersen et al. 2019, Peeters et al. 2019 Soil temperature, snow cover Kolhaugen b Observational 2018 1 min., 1 hour National Research Council, Italy Salzano et al. 2016 mailto:aashild.pedersen@npolar.no 2 Ecosystem component Monitoring target Spatial extent Methods Starting year Interval Responsible institution References a Climate and weather Standard meteorological parameters Ny-Ålesund Observational 1961, 1963d Daily Norwegian Meteorological Institute Standard meteorological parameters Ny-Ålesund Observational 1993 1 min. Alfred Wegner Institute, Germany Maturilli 2020b, Maturilli et al. 2013 Standard meteorological parameters Zeppelin Mountain Observational 1998 1 hour Norwegian Institute for Air Research www.nilu.com/facil ity/nilus- observatories-and- monitoring- stations/zeppelin- observatory/ Standard meteorological parameters, net radiation components, snow depth, snow temperature, albedo Kolhaugen b Observational 2009 1 min. National Research Council, Italy Mazzola et al. 2016 Standard meteorological parameters, snow water equivalent, active layer, temperature, moisture, permafrost temperature Bayelva Observational 1998 1 hour Alfred Wegner Institute, Germany Boike et al. 2018 3 Ecosystem component Monitoring target Spatial extent Methods Starting year Interval Responsible institution References a Climate and weather Surface net radiation components Ny-Ålesund Observational 1992 1 min. Alfred Wegner Institute, Germany Maturilli et al. 2015, Maturilli 2020a UV spectral radiation Ny-Ålesund Observational 2007 15 min. National Research Council, Italy Petkov et al. 2019 Water temperature, light penetration, pH, presence of ice/water, snow cover Solvatnet Observational 2016-18 1 min. 1 hour Sapienza University, Italy Pasquali unpubl. data Soil processes Bacteria, soil pH, organic carbon Midtre Lovénbreen Observational 2014 Irregular Korea Polar Research Institute Tripathi et al. 2018 Bacterial community structure, soil physicochemical properties Midtre Lovénbreen Observational 2012 Irregular Korea Polar Research Institute Kim et al. 2017 Functional genes along spatial and temporal gradients Knudsenheia, Ossian Sarsfjellet In situ and molecular studies 2017 Seasonal University of Ghent, Belgium Verleyen unpubl. data Microbial activity, soil temperature and moisture Stuphallet Experimental snow fence 2012 Irregular University Aberystwyth, UK Foster et al. 2016 4 Ecosystem component Monitoring target Spatial extent Methods Starting year Interval Responsible institution References a Soil processes Microbial biodiversity along environmental gradients Knudsenheia Experimental snow fences 2017 Perennial University of Ghent, Belgium Verleyen unpubl. data Microbial C-turnover Knudsenheia Solvatn In situ and molecular studies 2009 Annual UiT The Arctic University of Norway Tveit et al. 2013, Tveit 2014, Tveit et al. 2015 Soil organic matter: chemical finger printing Knudsenheia, Ossian Sarsfjellet Observational 2017 Annual University of Rostock, Germany; Swiss Federal Research Institute Pushkareva et al. 2020 Soil properties, mineralogy, moisture, soil organic matter, nutrients, pH Knudsenheia, Ossian Sarsfjellet Observational 2017 Annual University of Rostock, Germany Kern et al. 2019 Vascular plant and lichen cover, microbial activity, soil fungal and bacterial diversity, soil temperature and moisture Kongfjordneset Experimental OTC 2014 Annual British Antarctic Survey, UK Lim et al. 2018 5 Ecosystem component Monitoring target Spatial extent Methods Starting year Interval Responsible institution References a Inverte- brates Insect diversity Ny-Ålesund Pitfall traps 2006 July (2-day interval) University of Groningen, Netherlands Loonen unpubl. data Vegetation Cassiope tetragona growth Ny-Ålesund Experimental fertilization and watering 1991, treatment stopped 1994 Irregular Aberdeen University, UK Street et al. 2015, Street et al. 2018 C. tetragona growth and reproduction Ny-Ålesund Experimental OTC 2003– 2013 Irregular Vrije University Amsterdam, Netherlands Weijers et al. 2012 C. tetragona, Dryas octopetala and Salix Polaris growth Ny-Ålesund Experimental: fertilization 1991 Irregular Aberdeen University, UK Baddeley et al. 1994 Cryptogamic cover Ny-Ålesund Observational 2014 Annual University of Rostock, Technical University of Kaiserslautem, Germany Williams et al. 2017 Cryptogamic cover, plant community structure Knudsenheia, Ossian Sarsfjellet Observational 2017 Annual University of Rostock, Germany Kern et al. 2019 6 Ecosystem component Monitoring target Spatial extent Methods Starting year Interval Responsible institution References a Vegetation Dryas octopetala and Bistorta vivipara Ny-Ålesund Experimental: warming (tents), fertilization Treatment applied 2000–03 Irregular University of Manchester, UK Wookey et al. 1993, Wookey et al. 1994, Robinson et al. 1995 Grass production Ny-Ålesund Experimental exclosures 1991 Annual, weekly University of Groningen, Netherlands Bakker & Loonen 1998 Microbotryum bistortarum on Bistorta vivipara Ny-Ålesund Observational 2000 Annual 2000–04, irregular 2005– Osaka Prefecture University, Japan Tojo & Nishitani 2005 Plant community composition Gåsebu- Knudsenheia Observational 2014 Annual Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Bjerke et al. 2017 Plant community composition Ny-Ålesund Observational 1997 5-year interval National Institute of Polar Research, Japan Uchida unpubl. data Plant community composition, effect of grazing, N and C cycling Thiisbukta Experimental: exclosures 1998 2004 Irregular Annual University of Antwerp, Belgium; University of Groningen, Netherlands Van der Wal et al. 2001, Sjögersten et al. 2012, Fivez 2014 7 Ecosystem component Monitoring target Spatial extent Methods Starting year Interval Responsible institution References a Vegetation Plant community composition, CO2 fluxes and permafrost Ny-Ålesund Observational 2013 Irregular Insubria University, Italy Cannone et al. 2016 Plant community structure and biomass production Brøggerhalvøya, Sarsøyra e Observational 2018 Annual Norwegian Polar Institute Ravolainen unpubl. data Plant phenological development Ny-Ålesund Observational 2019 Annual UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norwegian Research Centre Cooper & Tømmervik unpubl. data Snowmelt, soil physicochemical properties and vegetation patterns Ny-Ålesund Observational 2014 Irregular Seoul National University, South Korea Park et al. 2018 Vegetation community composition Brøggerhalvøya, Sarsøyra Kaffiøyra e Observational /experimental 1978 5–10 years Norwegian Polar Institute d Cooper 2006, Hansen et al. 2007 8 Ecosystem component Monitoring target Spatial extent Methods Starting year Interval Responsible institution References a Herbivores Barnacle goose Ny-Ålesund, Kongsfjorden islands Observational 1988 Annual University of Groningen, Netherlands Loonen et al. 1998, Layton-Matthews et al. 2019 Svalbard rock ptarmigan abundance Brøggerhalvøya Observational 2019 Annual Norwegian Polar Institute Fuglei & Pedersen unpubl. data Svalbard reindeer abundance and demography Brøggerhalvøya, Sarsøyra Kaffiøyra c Observational 1978/ 2000/ 2002 f Annual Norwegian Polar Institute Hansen, Pedersen et al. 2019, www.mosj.en Svalbard reindeer survival and mortality; habitat use Brøggerhalvøya, Sarsøyra Kaffiøyra c Capture–mark – recapture 2014 Annual Norwegian Polar Institute Pedersen & Hansen unpubl. data Predator Arctic fox den occupancy and number of pups Brøggerhalvøya/ Kongsfjorden Observational 1993 Annual Norwegian Polar Institute Fuglei et al. 2003, www.mosj.en Seabirds Black-legged kittiwake abundance Ossian Sarsfjellet Observational 1988 Annual Norwegian Polar Institute www.mosj.en Brünnich’s guillemot abundance and demography Ossian Sarsfjellet Observational 1988/ 2006 g Annual Norwegian Polar Institute Descamps et al. 2021, www.mosj.en Common eider abundance Kongsfjorden Observational 1981 Annual Norwegian Polar Institute www.mosj.en 9 Ecosystem component Monitoring target Spatial extent Methods Starting year Interval Responsible institution References a Seabirds Glaucous gull abundance and demography Kongsfjorden Observational 2005/ 2009 h Annual Norwegian Polar Institute Descamps and Strøm 2021, www.mosj.en Little auk demography Feiringfjellet Observational 2006 Annual Norwegian Polar Institute Hovinen et al. 2014, www.seapop.no a See the main article for references. b Amundsen–Nobile Climate Change Tower. c The Sarsøyra and Kaffiøyra peninsulas are located south of Brøggerhalvøya in Forlandsundet and are not included in Fig. 1. d There were two starting years, each with different parameters. e Norwegian University of Science and Technology and Norwegian University for Life Sciences initiated and were formerly responsible for data collection. g Abundance in 1988; demography in 2006. h Abundance in 2005; demography in 2009. References See main article. http://www.seapop.no/ http://dx.doi.org/10.33265/polar.v41.6310