PRIZREN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL / Volume 2, Issue 2; May - August 2018 / ISSN: 2616-387X 98 TRAIN FACILITY PUBLIC POLICY AS PASSENGER SAFETY GUARANTEE DR. S U W A R D I SUWARDI DR. ROSSA ILMA SILFIAH Law Faculty Narotama University Law Faculty Narotama University maswad0634@gmail.com rossailma112@gmail.com HERU KUSWANTO Law Faculty Narotama University kuswantoheru12@gmail.com ABSTRACT The train mode is a transportation that is popular one for the people of Indonesia, because in addition to the affordable prices by all levels of society beside there are many other advantages. With this paradigm change in relation to the issuance of Law Number 23 of 2007 concerning Railways including its implementing regulations, efforts to advance railways National to better conditions in the future. In social life, railroad transportation is used as a facilitator to move people from one place or area to another place or area. This is very helpful for the community in carrying out relatively large amounts of mobility. Another role in economic development is as a facility for production and investment systems so as to have a positive impact on economic conditions at national levels with good economic growth, will help the government in reducing poverty rates that can improve the welfare of the population. Keywords: Government policy, Guarantee of safety, Railways, Passengers facilities mailto:maswad0634@gmail.com mailto:rossailma112@gmail.com mailto:kuswantoheru12@gmail.com PRIZREN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL / Volume 2, Issue 2; May - August 2018 / ISSN: 2616-387X 99 1. INTRODUCTION Train mode in daily life is an alternative mode of transportation. One mode of transportation that is chosen by passengers is the train mode. Many people choose the mode of train transportation with a variety of reasons for cheap rates and fast travel times which may be the main reason for choosing this train. In these conditions it takes a fast time to get to work, choosing fast transportation is certainly the right choice. Moreover, coupled with affordable rates, it will certainly strengthen the reason for using the train. However, low tariffs and fast travel time from rail transportation modes are not accompanied by comfort and safety for users. This is primarily intended for economy class railroad users. Also note that the train can be divided into two classes: economy class and commuter line. Economy class trains set very affordable rates. The thing that needs attention for the economic train is the security factor. It has become a common sight that every time you leave for work, the economy train looks very crowded with passengers. This is especially for the economy class who are heading in the intended direction where workers who live in urban suburbs go to work in big city cities such as Jakarta and Surabaya which are crowded because they are hunting for time to get to their destination quickly. With the change in provisions and with the issuance of Law Number 23 of 2007 concerning Railways including its implementing regulations, namely Government Regulation Number 56 of 2009 concerning Implementation of Railways and Government Regulation Number 72 of 2009 concerning Railway Traffic and Transportation, efforts to advance railways nationally to better conditions in the future this is one aspect of security that needs attention. With crowded passengers, of course, comfort becomes an expensive price that will not be obtained either. For those who are important, they can arrive on time to their destination. Passengers who scramble to board a train that is already full can be a normal sight in the morning. These passengers may have no other choice, when other modes of transportation such as city buses or public transportation cannot meet their expectations. Stalled road conditions are also another problem. The demand to arrive on time is a strong reason to keep using the train even with very limited conditions. As an alternative, railroad consumers can choose commuter line. The commuter line does set a higher tariff, but provides facilities that are quite better than the economy class. With better and air-conditioned trains and closed doors, it can provide a little better service than economy class. PRIZREN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL / Volume 2, Issue 2; May - August 2018 / ISSN: 2616-387X 100 In the morning when the intensity of passengers is large, the commuter line still doesn't feel more because it is still filled with passengers. In terms of reducing passenger density, it does need proper management. The addition of a train schedule may be one solution but this also raises other problems. With more train schedules, it will certainly increase the closing time of train crossings on several roads and this can cause congestion. Luck factors also sometimes appear when riding a train. When lucky, we can get a train that is not too full in the morning. Getting a rather tenuous train can indeed be a fortune because the train is usually always crowded at morning. For train users, being able to ride and stand on the train without the need to jostle can be a blessing in itself. Moreover, you can get a seat, which is very difficult to obtain. The advantages of railroad transportation can be one of the main driving forces and backbones in encouraging and improving the economy of a nation into an advanced and independent country. In various parts of the world, rail transport has become the backbone of the land transportation system, both for passenger and freight transportation, in cities or between cities, close, medium and even long distances, connecting in a country or between countries. In various countries, reliable modes of land transportation are trains. The contribution of train usage has been so high compared to the use of other modes of transportation. Passeng er train shares have reached 60% and goods around 40%. Therefore, if a railway system is found in an undeveloped country, it is almost certain that the country concerned will soon be running fast catching up to build a more modern railway system. As for the advantages of rail transportation with other modes of transportation in improving the economy of a country, including large, fast, safe, energy saving and environmentally friendly transport capacity and requires relatively little land. In addition to the increasingly strong environmental issues, the advantages of railways can be used as one of the strong reasons for building railroad transportation, so that effective, efficient and environmentally friendly transportation is realized. Alignment in the development of railway transportation means participating in energy saving programs and improving environmental quality. Train is the lifeblood of transportation and the main choice of people in various countries because it is reliable, effective and efficient. It is said to be reliable, because the carrying capacity is so much. PRIZREN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL / Volume 2, Issue 2; May - August 2018 / ISSN: 2616-387X 101 No longer a unit, tens and hundreds, but can reach thousands. It is said to be effective and efficient, because trains are able to carry large numbers of passengers. In one trip, a train circuit, (for example consisting of 8 carriages) can carry 1,500 people. Another advantage of the train is that it is adaptive to technological developments, free from traffic jams, and capable of being a pioneer in the realization of the Integrated Transportation System. So that the train is the most appropriate means of transportation to succeed in an environmentally friendly program that is now heavily campaigned both nationally and internationally. Therefore, if a railway system that has been developed, efficient, effective and integrated with other modes of transportation in a country has not been implemented, it is believed that the country's economic movement and growth will experience serious obstacles, with various kinds of problems that accompany it, including the national logistics system which does not work effectively and efficiently, the emergence of high costs, slow movement of people and goods, the occurrence of severe congestion, high air pollution, high use of fuel and declining investment interest, which in turn will result in low competitiveness in the global economy. If the condition is not improved properly, it will worsen the economic condition of a country. The construction of the national railway transportation is expected to be the backbone of freight transport and urban passenger transportation so that it can become one of the main drivers of the national economy. The implementation of national railway transportation that is integrated with other modes of transportation can improve the efficiency of the implementation of the national economy. Therefore the implementation of national railways in the future must be able to be an important part of the structure of the national economy. For this reason, the role of railroad transportation in Indonesia is one of the main prerequisites in supporting the realization of the goal of state as stated in the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, namely the realization of a just and prosperous society. The role of rail transport in Indonesia is still very low (marginal). This is indicated by, among others, the limited scope of the use of rail transport, which is only in Java, the contribution (share) based on the share of transport produced nationally is still very low compared to other modes of transportation, and the implementation of railways for the public interest is still monopolistic and the number of railway operators is still very limited. PRIZREN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL / Volume 2, Issue 2; May - August 2018 / ISSN: 2616-387X 102 The share of railroad for passenger transportation is only 7.32%, this is still relatively much lower compared to the share of road transportation by 84.13%. Whereas freight transportation through railroad transportation is approximately 0.63% of total freight transport, compared to road transport by 91.25% for freight transportation. To that end, efforts to develop passenger and freight transportation by train are increasingly needed in the future, both for long distance, medium and urban (local) transportation such as in large cities as the best alternative solution in solving traffic congestion problems, as implemented and proven by several major cities in the world. Thus the role of railroad transportation can encourage the realization of a national logistics system that is good, effective and efficient. Along with the increasing economic development of Indonesia, the movement of people and goods also increased. The increase in movement must be supported by the availability of adequate, reliable and safe transportation facilities and infrastructure, including the provision of infrastructure in the railway sector. To realize the increasing role of railroad transportation in enhancing national economic growth, it is necessary to have an adequate, reliable, safe, comfortable and integrated railway transportation system with other modes of transportation. Whereas to build an adequate and integrated railway transportation system, a large investment fund is needed, either through the mechanism of APBN or APBD financing, Private-Government Cooperation (PPP) or fully private. Considering that transportation is a form of public service, the Government has a large obligation and responsibility in providing an integrated intra and intermodal transportation system that is good, safe, comfortable and feasible, including rail transportation. The government in the future with a limited budget for infrastructure provision, needs to carry out policies and programs that foster and encourage funding sources from the potential of other stakeholders, especially from the participation of the private sector or business entities so that they are interested in investing in the railroad either individually or with a pattern of cooperation based on transparent, fair / non-discriminatory business principles, accountable to mutual benefits. I. Formulation of the problem 1. How is the service for passengers in ensuring safety? II. Research purposes PRIZREN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL / Volume 2, Issue 2; May - August 2018 / ISSN: 2616-387X 103 1. To find out in solving problems "Train facilities policy for public interest in order to ensure the safety of passengers. 2. To create a culture of railroad mass transportation being the choice of the people is more attractive and comfortable so that people are more interested in railroad facilities to be a prima donna facility in activities for everyday vigor in traveling. So that it will suppress private vehicles so that it will reduce the level of congestion because it has switched from private vehicles to train facilities. III. Benefits of research For policy makers as a reference so that in the matter of railroad transportation facilities as a public interest, it is very urgent to take strategic steps so that the safety problems for the railway transportation facilities are immediately resolved because it concerns the public interest. The benefit for the community as a general public is as an additional knowledge so that if utilizing railroad transportation facilities passengers also have equal rights and obligations, thus the government's responsibility is an inseparable part for the sustainability of State assets in the form of railroad transportation facilities. IV. DISCUSSION 1. Problems with railway transportation facilities. Today there are many choices of transportation offered by producers to consumers of transportation users or what we call more often passengers. These options, for example the choice of air travel offered are airplanes. Traveling by land, what is offered is bus transportation, public transport or travel cars, and trains. For rail transportation is one of the many facilities needed by individuals to support their smooth activities to deliver them from one place to another according to the objectives of each individual PT. Kereta Api Indonesia as one of the state-owned enterprises has the responsibility in addition to carrying out social functions to be an agent of development that supports government programs in the field of transportation by providing good facilities and services for rail usage, it must also act as a business entity that carries out commercial functions to contribute or income for the country through dividends and PRIZREN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL / Volume 2, Issue 2; May - August 2018 / ISSN: 2616-387X 104 taxes. PT. Kereta Api Indonesia, one of the State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) engaged in railways, sees this phenomenon as a matter of concern. Although PT. Kereta Api Indonesia in its current condition, the nature of its business is a monopoly in the railway sector, but it is necessary to develop a long-term plan for the company so that it will not compete with other competitors in the transportation sector. Transportation means according to statistics, contributing 21 percent of the world's total CO2 emissions, and 80 percent of that amount comes from motorized vehicles, while the rest are what are called bunker-fuels (emissions from airplanes and ships). A train is a means of transportation in the form of a vehicle with movement power, either walking alone or coupled w ith other vehicles, which will be moving or moving. The train is a mass transportation tool which generally consists of locomotives (vehicles with self-driving motion) and a series of trains or carriages (coupled with other vehicles). The train or carriage range is relatively large so it can load passengers and goods on a large scale. Because of its nature as an effective mass transit, several countries are trying to use it to its full potential as the main means of land transportation both in cities, between cities and between countries. According to the international railroad association (UIC), railroad transportation is proven to be the lowest in emissions and supports the continuity of human and goods mobility. If it is planned and managed efficiently, all rural, urban, inter-regional and regional traffic will be guaranteed, and people no longer need to argue about reducing or trading emissions. To be able to return or move the transportation load from the highway to the railroad tracks, state policy makers must first change the image of the train as a safe, comfortable, modern, efficient and inexpensive means. A campaign is needed to popularize railways as a trend / modern lifestyle in order to keep up with a strong display culture in the motive of possession of luxury motorized vehicles, emphasis on the general interest of private car ownership visas, in addition to high car taxation and public awareness of transportation facilities. environmentally friendly. Railroad transport operators in Indonesia are currently carried out by BUMN Railways, namely PT. Train / PT KAI (Persero). The growth of railroad transportation carried out by PT. KAI both passenger and freight trains showed an increase from 2004 to 2008. In fact, for passenger transportation, data shows the realization of the volume being transported exceeds the targeted amount. Transportation data shows that the railway transportation business opportunity is still very large. PRIZREN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL / Volume 2, Issue 2; May - August 2018 / ISSN: 2616-387X 105 In addition to the increasing number of users, the realization of passenger transportation that exceeds the target shows that the need for rail services exceeds that targeted. As for goods transportation, the realization has not reached the target. This shows that the train transport operator needs to strengthen itself to aim for freight transport. This great opportunity for railroad transportation is also supported by several advantages that the train has in addition to other modes of transportation. Kereta Api is known as a mode of transportation that has multiple advantages, including: Energy saving; Land saving; Friendly with the environment; High level of safety; Able to transport large & bulk quantities; and adaptive to technological development. Associated with current trends, railways are a very relevant mode of transportation to develop. PT KAI itself acknowledges that the benefits on a national scale from railway development in Indonesia can be mentioned as follows: a. Suppressing damage to the road, so as to save the State's funds allocated for road maintenance and pay for the various risks that have arisen so far. b. Suppressing traffic congestion, thus minimizing waste of fuel consumption due to traffic congestion, as well as reducing the risk of traffic accidents on the highway. c. Minimize National Logistics transportation & distribution costs, so that on the one hand it is able to reduce production costs and open up opportunities for export competition, on the other hand suppress the unit price of domestic consumption production in the market. d. Optimization of railway transport capacity, which has been largely idle capacity for the Goods Train. When compared to other land transportation modes, the mode of railroad transportation has more advantages that can be utilized and developed, because it is increasingly relevant to the technological advances of the world today. The advantages of the Railway Mode include: a. Can transport goods and passengers en masse. b. The level of safety is high, this is because the train has its own special road which other vehicles cannot pass for any reason. PRIZREN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL / Volume 2, Issue 2; May - August 2018 / ISSN: 2616-387X 106 c. More energy efficient because it uses secondary energy. d. Weather disturbances have little effect on the operation of trains. However, rail transport also has several disadvantages as well as other modes of transportation. The weaknesses of train mode include: a. Large operational costs, because the railroad company must maintain the railroad itself and use its own facilities to support passenger safety. b. Train mode cannot serve passengers to reach any place, because of the limited road facilities they have. c. Because the train mode has a high speed and transports large quantities of goods or human capacity, the implementation is bound by the concession and regulatory requirements. The regulation is both technical and general, but this regulation is to ensure our security and safety together. 2. RAILWAY MODES FOR REGIONS Train is a means of transportation that is very important in supporting the success of development, especially in supporting the economic activities of the community and the development of the region, both rural areas and other areas. The existing rail system is intended to improve service mobility of the population and other resources that can support the occurrence of economic growth in this area causing a reduction in the concentration of workers who have the expertise and skills in certain regions. In addition, trains also provide opportunities for trade activities between regions and reduce differences between regions so as to encourage development between regions. With the existence of a train, it is hoped that it can eliminate isolation and provide stimulants towards development in all areas of life, both trade, industry and other sectors evenly distributed in all regions. Trains are very important for the region, whether rural or semi-urban or urban areas in developing countries, because it provides quick access for the community to meet the needs of daily goods and services, and improve socio-economic life. Access to certain information, markets and community services and locations, as well as new PRIZREN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL / Volume 2, Issue 2; May - August 2018 / ISSN: 2616-387X 107 opportunities are all important needs in the development process. With the construction of train facilities, community economic activities, community empowerment, especially in development in areas that have high economic potential will be more easily developed. This community economic activity will develop if it has good fire infrastructure and facilities for fast accessibility. This accessibility can spur the process of interaction between regions to the most remote areas so as to create equitable development. An article from News-week regarding the construction of a railroad, transcontinental line in the Bamboo Curtain Country reminded us of the importance of the railway line for a country. An effective means of transporting goods and people. Also imagine how much development is happening at each station point. A kind of equitable development. European countries are even more experienced with railroad technology. Call it Britain with its subway, Germany and France with its fast trains and Russia with its transitional trains. The movement of people and goods becomes more effective, costs can be reduced and very stable. In fact, it is now more desirable because it is environmentally friendly. Understandably, the emission level is far less than air transportation. The State of the Rising Sun also feels the impact of progress when connecting its main islands with the railway that passes through many bridges. Not by ferry, not by plane. In fact, the train used is amazing. In the past, the Dutch Colonial had also built railroad lines in Java. The goal is simple, to make the distribution of earth goods can be moved more effectively, the port is then transported to the Netherlands. Unfortunately, the existing train lines are not treated, in fact many are forgotten. Even though these routes can be used for more equitable distribution of development. 3. RAILROAD MODE IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT In the scope of the transportation economy plays an important role in human life in economic development. if viewed in terms of macroeconomics, transportation plays a central role in increasing national GDP. This is because the nature of transportation has the nature of derived demand, that is, if the provision of transportation increases, it will cause an increase in the GDP figure or in other words, transportation can increase demand for other goods. The role of transportation modes, especially the train mode is basically used to fulfill basic human needs PRIZREN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL / Volume 2, Issue 2; May - August 2018 / ISSN: 2616-387X 108 in facilitating and accommodating all economic and social activities of the community. Another role in economic development is as a facility for production and investment systems so as to have a positive impact on economic conditions both at national and regional levels and with good economic growth will help the government in reducing poverty rates that can improve the welfare of the population. The train mode role is basically used to fulfill basic human needs in facilitating and accommodating all economic and social activities of the community. In a certain area depends on other regions. Likewise, other regions have dependency on certain regions. Among these areas, there are certain areas that have advantages over others, so that the region has several facilities that are able to serve the needs of the population within a wider radius, so that residents at a certain radius will come to the area to obtain the necessary needs. For example, certain areas that have plantation products are often sent to other regions. However, the process of shipping the area is still costly and time consuming. With the existence of this railway line will help to overcome the problem. The construction of railways allows the opening of large areas to go down in economic activities, thus increasing broad welfare as well and will have an impact on economic progress in the region. The regional production which was once very limited in marketing, with the presence of trains can be marketed in a much wider area and in a much larger volume. The regional people are also more free to travel everywhere much easier and cheaper. This continued to develop when the country became an advanced industrial country, as seen in Europe and Japan. Railway transportation has proven its superiority in national logistics, which is now recognized by US people who are willing to think objectively. So the existence of this train will reduce costs and time in the shipping process. With the existence of trains will also open the way for communication between regions will be established well so that there is a flow of goods, services, people, and ideas as capital for an area to progress and develop. The train can be a facilitator for each region to develop and advance the economy in the region because trains increase the accessibility of an area. The construction of trains also provides many employment opportunities. This is very useful for nations that must overcome poverty. There were many job opportunities when building new networks and operating trains. Various organizations are needed which all provide employment PRIZREN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL / Volume 2, Issue 2; May - August 2018 / ISSN: 2616-387X 109 opportunities for many workers. This is clearly important in development in all regions that are still struggling in poverty. Train is often associated with the accessibility of an area. In rural development the existence of railway infrastructure and facilities cannot be ignored in a series of economic development programs. Another role in economic development of the railroad as a facility for production and investment systems so as to have a positive impact on economic conditions both at the national and regional levels and with good economic growth, will help the government in reducing poverty rates that can improve the welfare of the population. Differences in resources in an area with other regions encourage people to mobility so that they can meet their needs. In this mobility process the train has an important role to facilitate and facilitate the mobility process. This mobility process is not only limited by humans, but also goods and services. Thus, later with the development of railroads, the interaction between regions will be easier and can reduce the level of disparity between regions. With the existence of the railway line in each area in the long term, it will also be able to reduce road congestion, road damage, exhaust emissions and road accidents. Therefore, with the existence of the railroad, it is expected that the general public will switch to railway facilities so that it will reduce the incidence of accidents because fewer and fewer people are using the highway again s o that the incidence of accidents and congestion can be reduced. Why is the interest in utilizing railroad facilities more attractive because in addition to cost and more effective time the train is also more efficient in maintenance and does not damage the road? So, being able to save state finances allocated for road maintenance and payment of various risks arising from the highway and money that should be allocated for road maintenance can be allocated for economic development in order to improve the welfare of the people. 4. Conclusions The train mode is basically used to meet basic needs as a public means to facilitate and accommodate and guarantee the safety of public passengers. So, the existence of this railway will facilitate distribution and facilitate the transfer of goods, services, people and as capital for one city to another or from one region to another to progress and develop. Train can be a facilitator for cities from one city to another to be timelier and safer and comfortable. PRIZREN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL / Volume 2, Issue 2; May - August 2018 / ISSN: 2616-387X 110 In the process of train mobility also has an important role to facilitate and facilitate the mobility process. So later with the development of railroads the interaction between regions will be easier and can reduce the level of disparity between regions so that the realization of economic equality between regions. With the existence of railroad lines in each area will also be able to reduce congestion on the road, road damage, exhaust emissions and road accidents. In addition, using this train will save more energy. So the budget for funds used to repair roads can be reduced and allocated to other government budgets such as the budget for economic development in the region. 5. SUGESTION Regarding the Government's policies related to railroad facilities for the public interest to ensure the safety of passengers, it is expected that the service to train services will be improved so that passengers will further increase interest in using the train's advice. Because with the increasing number of choices of other land transportation facilities, the train facilities must prioritize more safety, comfort and punctuality as the priority of its services. The train is a mass transportation facility that once departs to transport people and more goods so that many of the benefits derived from the railroad transportation services need to be more mainstream so that weaknesses and shortcomings can be minimized so that there will not be any complaints from passengers. who use railroad services in general. Having to show a good image for railroad transportation services is important so that people are more confident and confident that riding train transportation is more secure in terms of security and timeliness which is at stake as a general public trust. Comparison Table of BBM Usage Inter Transport Mode No Mode of Transportation Volume Energy Consumption / km Energy Consumption / fuel 1 Train 1500 Passenger 3 Litre 0,002 Litre 2 Bus 40 Passenger 0,5 Litre 0,0125 Litre PRIZREN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL / Volume 2, Issue 2; May - August 2018 / ISSN: 2616-387X 111 3 Airplane 500 Passenger 40 Litre 0,08 Litre 4 Ship 1500 Passenger 10 Litre 0,00 Litre Source: PT KAI (Persero) PRIZREN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL / Volume 2, Issue 2; May - August 2018 / ISSN: 2616-387X 112 REFERENCES Directorate General of Railways, (2013). National Railroad Master Plan (RIPNas) Year 2030. Jakarta. Directorate General of Land Transportation, (2012). 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PRIZREN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL / Volume 2, Issue 2; May - August 2018 / ISSN: 2616-387X 113 Government of the Republic of Indonesia, (2009). Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 22 of (2009) concerning Road Traffic and Transportation. Jakarta: Government of the Republic of Indonesia. Government of the Republic of Indonesia, (2007). Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 23 of (2007) concerning Railways. Jakarta: Government of the Republic of Indonesia. Government of the Republic of Indonesia, (2009). Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 1 of 2009 concerning Aviation. Jakarta: Government of the Republic of Indonesia. Government of the Republic of Indonesia, (2009). Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 17 of 2008 concerning Shipping. Jakarta: Government of the Republic of Indonesia. The Government of the Republic of Indonesia, (2009). Government Regulation No.72 of 2009 concerning Traffic and Railways. Jakarta: Government of the Republic of Indonesia.