Publica: Jurnal Pemikiran Administrasi Negara Vol 15 No. 1 | Maret 2023: 121-136 P-ISSN 2085-6555 E-ISSN 2715-9256 ================================================================================== Anggara Setya Saputra, Supardi Hamid, I Gusti Kade Budhi Harryarsana Policy Formulation Process on Indonesian Capital City Development East Kalimantan 121 Policy Formulation Process on Indonesian Capital City Development East Kalimantan 1Anggara Setya Saputra, Supardi Hamid, I Gusti Kade Budhi Harryarsana 1 Universitas Wijayakusuma Purwokerto, Indonesia; anggara@unwiku.ac.id Received: December 16, 2022; In Revised: February 09, 2023; Accepted: March 10, 2023 Abstract The issue of relocating the capital city has become the main target in accelerating the movement and development of the government to meet the progress of implementing the planned program in all fields the community. This makes the process of moving the capital city into one of the strategic efforts taken by the global route systematically by the government in maintaining national integrity and government governance of the life of the nation and state. In east Kalimantan the research was conducted using the literature review approach, which has the aim of trying to compare and quote based on the results of the same research regarding the study of policy formulation. The literature review method generally contains a review, summary of author’s thoughts on several library sources such as articles, books, information the internet and others. The results of the study show that in the process of formulating the Nusantara IKN development policy in East Kalimantan it has become a major policy that can have a direct effect on the community in all fields that are matters of public interest. In the process of formulating the IKN Nusantara development policy in East Kalimantan, systematic and detailed aspects and indicators are needed in preparing everything that can contribute directly and encourage the development of the Nusantara IKN such as aspect and indicators such as the Nusantara IKN development plan, the development process alternative policy options for the development of the Nusantara IKN and testing alternative policy option through the results of deliberation and consultation in determining alternative solutions and the parties involved in the process of formulating detailed spatial plans for strategic areas of the national capital city. It is also necessary to pay attention to the ability of the involvement of each actor in the development process because it is very influential on the progress of the development of the Nusantara IKN in accordance with the expectations set by the government for the transfer of the Nusantara IKN. Keywords: Capital City, Policy Formulation, Indonesia, Nusantara, Relocating Introduction Policy studies provide responses to critical issues that are thrown systematically. One of the things that must be understood by those who make public policy is that public policy is not about the policies of certain groups or people, but public policy is aimed at addressing public problems as a whole (Ayu Rizky & Mar'iyah, 2021). The process of public policy can never be separated from the various options in serving the public interest can not be separated from the stages of public policy formation contained in the cycle process is problem identification, agenda setting, policy formulation, policy legitimacy, policy implementation, and policy evaluation. One stage after another in the process of forming public policy shows that a stage of the public policy process is related to the previous stage and affects the next stage (Rahardian & Zarkasi, 2021). In the study of public policy we look not only at the policies that are implemented effectively to achieve the objectives. Public policy is one of the theoretical studies that have mailto:anggara@unwiku.ac.id Publica: Jurnal Pemikiran Administrasi Negara Vol 15 No. 1 | Maret 2023: 121-136 P-ISSN 2085-6555 E-ISSN 2715-9256 ================================================================================== Anggara Setya Saputra, Supardi Hamid, I Gusti Kade Budhi Harryarsana Policy Formulation Process on Indonesian Capital City Development East Kalimantan 122 stages and processes that must be done so that it becomes a result that becomes an agreement from various parties to solve a public problem. Each stage of the public policy process is incorporated into an interrelated system called the public policy cycle (Besche-truthe et al., 2021). This cycle in policy can also be referred to as a series of Public Policy systems as a whole in an institutional pattern (Fauzi & Dewi Rostyaningsih, 2018). The framework in a policy cycle system will take into account the feedback from a variety of different elements of the policy process. The policy cycle has evolved into the most widely used cycle for managing and systematizing Public Policy Studies. The policy cycle focuses on generic features that highlight the importance of policy domains (Ulybina, 2020) the policy cycle simply explains how the public policy is systematically implemented starting from the problem identification process, up to the implementation of the policy. One of the stages in the public policy process is the policy formulation stage which is one of the very important stages in determining various alternative efforts and determinations before the policy is passed (Besche-truthe et al., 2021). The implementation of policy formulation in the public policy process certainly cannot be separated from how groups or individuals participate in the problem formulation process. Thus, various channels are needed for groups or individuals in the policy formulation process (Fauzi & Dewi Rostyaningsih, 2018). The Access channel in policy formulation is a political process directed to actors either within the government or outside the government to continue to try to influence jointly to take advantage of the debated issues and the use of strategies (Andhika, 2019). Policy formulation becomes a fact related to the formulation or interpretation of issues that compete with each other to get public attention. The process by which groups and governments prevent each other from addressing the most important issues. Interaction occurs looking for solutions and alternatives in agenda-setting relationships (Subarudi, 2022). In the process of policy formulation, one factor that has an important role is political leadership. Political leadership is a factor that has profit considerations (Hujo, 2019). This political leadership becomes one of the dimensions in disseminating and proposing related to the problems faced. This political leadership is related to the institutions of both the executive, legislative, and groups that have influence in the government system (Hujo, 2019). The policy Agenda becomes a symbol that gets the attention of the community and the government. Ideas and ideas fail to be on the government agenda because they are politically unacceptable. The systemic Agenda consists of all issues that are generally perceived by members of the political community to get public attention and have legitimate jurisdictional material and authority from the existing government policy formulation is also a communication stage to build agreement on the level of public issues (Fauzi & Dewi Rostyaningsih, 2018). In the formulation of policies towards the development process of the new capital city, which is planned to be moved by the government in the hope of implementing a good and conducive state system, The process of moving the capital city is one of the strategic efforts taken by the global path systematically by the government to maintain national integrity and government governance towards the life of the people of the nation and state. The issue of moving the capital is the main target in accelerating the movement and development of the government to meet the progress of the implementation of the planned programs in all fields of the community. The transfer effort that occurs, of course, becomes something that needs to be optimally prepared in supporting and anticipating the obstacles Publica: Jurnal Pemikiran Administrasi Negara Vol 15 No. 1 | Maret 2023: 121-136 P-ISSN 2085-6555 E-ISSN 2715-9256 ================================================================================== Anggara Setya Saputra, Supardi Hamid, I Gusti Kade Budhi Harryarsana Policy Formulation Process on Indonesian Capital City Development East Kalimantan 123 to the goals built and formed from the transfer of the capital. Development that began at this early stage is needed from various aspects that can provide convenience in the process of building a new capital city as a center of implementation. The seat of representatives of foreign countries and representatives of international organizations/institutions have a vision for its development. The vision is to be the most sustainable city in the world, as a driver of the Indonesian economy in the future, and become a symbol of national identity that represents the diversity of the Indonesian nation and governance for the community, because, on the other hand, the characteristics of the capital city itself are a reflection that describes the diversity of a country. Figure 1. Principles of State Capital and 3 KPIs (Ministry of National Development Planning / National Development Planning Agency of the Republic of Indonesia July 2021) Source : Processed by Authors, 2023 The existence of the capital that was moved from Java to Kalimantan island has its own formal basis in the process of building a new capital. The transfer of the capital is certainly inseparable from the basic considerations of the state, such as the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia 1945, Pancasila and the 8 principles of state development, such as natural conditions, Bhineka tunggal ika, actively connected and easily accessible, circular and resilient, comfortable and efficient through technology, safe and affordable, low carbon emissions and overall economic opportunities (Hairunnisa & Syaka, 2022). This transfer proposal is based on the issuance of Law Number 3 of 2022 on the state capital (IKN law), which was signed and officially enacted on February 15, 2022, and is proof of the government's seriousness in transferring the capital as the government center in implementing the government's governance system. The purpose of the law is to regulate and manage the law regarding the establishment of the state capital named Nusantara as the state capital and the establishment of the Archipelago Capital Authority as a ministry-level institution that organizes the special regional government of the archipelago capital (Hasibuan & Aisa, 2020). Figure 2. The Urgency Of Moving The National Capital (Ministry Of National Development Planning / National Development Planning Agency Of The Republic Of Indonesia July 2021) Publica: Jurnal Pemikiran Administrasi Negara Vol 15 No. 1 | Maret 2023: 121-136 P-ISSN 2085-6555 E-ISSN 2715-9256 ================================================================================== Anggara Setya Saputra, Supardi Hamid, I Gusti Kade Budhi Harryarsana Policy Formulation Process on Indonesian Capital City Development East Kalimantan 124 Source : Processed by Authors, 2023 The assumption of another perspective that strengthens the basis must move the capital city in order to accelerate the development process in accordance with existing provisions. The assumption starts from the problems that occur in the environment in Jakarta, as the capital city has not been an optimal government organization. What has been done indirectly contributes to the maximum. Second, the dominance of the development sector between Java and other islands occurs very significantly in various regions. This makes the transfer of the capital considered to be one of the efforts and momentum to encourage development can be accelerated in Mareta throughout the islands of Indonesia. Third, it has not been able to present the diversity of Indonesia in character and vision of development and is unable to accommodate future developments. Fourth, the increase in population experienced by significant coming from various regions makes the population more densely occupied and the land vacuum increasingly narrow, making it ineffective for the government in the implementation of the program to see the situation and konsidi like that. Fifth, from the environmental sector, where drinking water crises often occur on the island of Java, especially in the Jakarta area, this can cause various conditions that can lead to widespread disease outbreaks, and on the other hand, the threat of natural disasters is also frequent. The five basic assumptions about the transfer of capital power empirically have not been able to create a capital transfer policy document that is implemented (Saputra et al., 2021). Methods The method in this study uses molecular literature study using scientific journal articles from 2015–2022. This method aims to try to compare and quote based on the same research results on the study of policy formulation. Literature study methods generally contain a review, a summary, and the author's thoughts about some of the sources of literature, such as the article, Publica: Jurnal Pemikiran Administrasi Negara Vol 15 No. 1 | Maret 2023: 121-136 P-ISSN 2085-6555 E-ISSN 2715-9256 ================================================================================== Anggara Setya Saputra, Supardi Hamid, I Gusti Kade Budhi Harryarsana Policy Formulation Process on Indonesian Capital City Development East Kalimantan 125 books, information, the internet, and others. The literature study method also has an in-depth continuous step such as summarizing, analyzing, and sinetesis critically and in-depth from papers that will be reviewed or reviewed as in the process of policy formulation in the development of the National Capital of the archipelago on the island of Kalimantan, precisely in the province of East Kalimantan. Results and Discussion Policy formulation Policy formulation is an important stage of the entire policy stage, where policy formulation is an explanatory factor of a policy that will be proposed to be a formal policy. Where policy formulation becomes an agenda with significant clout in government and backing from political parties (Andhika, 2019).It should be understood that policy formulation is a process of competition between actors concerned with the issues raised. Due to certain considerations, it is possible that the problem will not be addressed at all at this point (Ulybina, 2020).Policy formulations demand that policymakers choose or feel compelled to take certain actions. Thus, the policy agenda can be distinguished from political demands in general and by the term "priorities," which is usually intended to refer to the composition of the agenda items. This means that there are conflicting policy issues that arise and are related to time and events that are fought for by organizational groups (Li et al., 2022). The policy agenda process takes place when public officials learn about new issues and decide to give personal attention where there is cross-opinion between parties (Wati, 2017). Thus, the policy agenda is basically a discourse battle on policy issues about values that are fought for that occur within government institutions (Ayu Rizky & Mar'iyah, 2021). Not all issues or all issues will be on the policy agenda. These issues or problems must compete with each other, and ultimately, only certain issues will win and enter the policy agenda (Syofii & Alfirdaus, 2020). That is, policy formulation is a list of various problems that receive serious attention from both the government and the community that are followed up to be proposed into a policy (Besche-Truthe et al., 2021). In the process of policy formulation, there are many problems raised by various groups. Groups trying to get the attention of the government will interact with each other. The group will maintain themselves in a state of proper equilibrium and if something threatens, they will make adjustments (Andhika, 2019). However, in the process of policy formulation, this concept does not show and explain the role of political elites in pushing an issue into the policy agenda. Whereas, the policy agenda is a process that occurs as a result of learning from the political elite (Fauzi & Dewi Rostyaningsih, 2018). Thus, issues circulating in the community will compete with each other to get the focus of public attention and support and will be able to be fought on the policy agenda stage (Li et al., 2022). Interest groups to set agendas are extremely restrictive because no society or political institution has the capacity to discuss all possible alternatives to problems arising at one time. Thus, policy formulation has an important role in determining the boundaries of issues and choices that become policies (Sari, 2022). The formulation of policies into process models refers to the integration of community interests with the design of actions to be carried out by the government (Fauzi Publica: Jurnal Pemikiran Administrasi Negara Vol 15 No. 1 | Maret 2023: 121-136 P-ISSN 2085-6555 E-ISSN 2715-9256 ================================================================================== Anggara Setya Saputra, Supardi Hamid, I Gusti Kade Budhi Harryarsana Policy Formulation Process on Indonesian Capital City Development East Kalimantan 126 & Dewi Rostyaningsih, 2018). Model analysis in policy formulation emphasizes the process of looking at the behavior of individuals or political actors such as professional politicians, presidents, ministers, and bureaucrats. The purpose of this model is to look for patterns of behavior that can be identified. In the study of public policy formulation, which is very closely related to the political approach to determining Sautu agreement collectively (Syofii & Alfirdaus, 2020). While the policy process generally consists of first identifying problems, which includes demands for government action, Second, the proposed policy formulation, determination of the scope of the problem, and the proposal of programs to solve it. Third, legitimize the policy of selecting proposals to build political support and establish the rule of law. Fourth, the implementation of bureaucratic organizing policies, preparing financing or providing services. Fifth, evaluate the policies of the programs that have been carried out; report the results of government policy implementation; evaluate their impact on the target group of the community; and provide suggestions for changes and adjustments (Ayu Rizky & Mar'iyah, 2021). The formulaic model of lasi process policy provides learning about interdependent relationships with all parties (Hairunnisa & Syaka, 2022). Here is a table on the identification process in policy formulation. Table 1. Formulation of Public Policy as a process Source: (Riant Nugroho, 2016) The relationship between the community and the government in policy formulation always occurs within the scope of the issue being raised within the scope of the expanded conflict. There are two ways in which there are groups that are usually less fortunate (losers) (Saputra et al., 2021). The expansion of issues leads to dominant actors in policy making. These actors form the so-called policy monopolies, which try to keep the underlying issues and policy issues weakly on the agenda (Fauzi & Dewi Rostyaningsih, 2018). If alternative choices are critical to the projection of political power, the consequence is that a powerful Identify the problem Ask the government to take action Setting the policy formulation agenda Decide what issues will be chosen and the problems to be implemented Formulation of policy processes Develop a policy proposal to address the issue Legitimacy of policy Choose one of the best rated proposals, then seek political support in order to be accepted as law Policy implementation Organize bureaucracy, provide services, and payment, tax collection Policy Evaluation Conduct program studies, report on its outputs, evaluate the influence of Target and non-target groups, and provide recommendations of policy perfection Publica: Jurnal Pemikiran Administrasi Negara Vol 15 No. 1 | Maret 2023: 121-136 P-ISSN 2085-6555 E-ISSN 2715-9256 ================================================================================== Anggara Setya Saputra, Supardi Hamid, I Gusti Kade Budhi Harryarsana Policy Formulation Process on Indonesian Capital City Development East Kalimantan 127 group retains power and keeps trying to keep up. This notion leads to elite theory in the implementation of policy agendas (Hoornbeek & Peters, 2017). The emergence of competition among actors illustrates the involvement of individuals or groups in developing issues of public interest. Competition that occurs between individuals or groups in policy formulation includes three things (Andhika, 2019), namely. 1. Initiation is the stage of the emergence of problems in society that encourage and require each individual or group to take action. 2. Diffusion, that is, the activities followed and carried out by competing actors, transforms the problems that concern them into problems for the government. 3. Processing, which is the activity of converting various issues into agenda items, In this activity, there are issues that have not been successfully made into policy. IKN Nusantara Development Plan The detailed plan for the spatial planning of the National Strategic Area of the National Capital is a detailed plan for the spatial planning of the National Capital Region supplemented by the national capital zoning regulation (draft presidential regulation of 2022). The detailed spatial plan of the National Strategic Area of the National Capital is a plan guide that will be used as a reference for the development of a National Capital Region. This plan serves as a guideline for the control and supervision (monitoring developments and controlling deviations) of the implementation of development (physical) which includes the use of land (or resources) carried out by the government, private sector, and the community. The detailed spatial plan of the National Strategic Area of the National Capital is valid for a period of 25 (twenty-five) years and is reviewed every five (five) years. The review of the detailed spatial plan of the National Strategic Area of the National Capital can be carried out more than once every 5 (five) years in the event of strategic environmental changes in the form of large-scale natural disasters and changes in the boundaries of the National Capital Region. Figure 3. Detailed Spatial Plan Of The National Strategic Area Of The National Capital (Ministry Of National Development Planning / National Development Planning Agency Of The Republic Of Indonesia July 2021) Publica: Jurnal Pemikiran Administrasi Negara Vol 15 No. 1 | Maret 2023: 121-136 P-ISSN 2085-6555 E-ISSN 2715-9256 ================================================================================== Anggara Setya Saputra, Supardi Hamid, I Gusti Kade Budhi Harryarsana Policy Formulation Process on Indonesian Capital City Development East Kalimantan 128 Source : Processed by Authors, 2023 The purpose of drafting a detailed spatial plan of the National Strategic Area of the National Capital in a region is to (1) create a balance and harmony between the location of activities with the density level (many buildings compared to land area) of land in the National Capital Region; (2) preserve the environment; (3) create better service in the National Capital Region; (4) ; and (5) determine the priority (stages) of development/development of the National Capital Region (Ministry of National Initial stage transfer to KIKN 2020- 2024 1. Build the main infrastructure (e.g. presidential palace, MPR/DPR) and 2. Housing in the main area of IKN 3. Transfer of early stage ASN (e.g. TNI, Polri, MPR) 4. The main basic infrastructure is completed and operational (e.g. water, energy, rail) for 500 thousand inhabitants in the initial stage. 5. The president moved to KIKN before August 16, 2024 and celebrated the commemoration of Indonesian Independence Day at KIKN on August 17, 2024. Priority economic sectors 2025-2035, establishing IKN as a resilient core area. 1. Develop the following phases of the city (for example, innovation and economic centers). 2. Completing the transfer of the IKN Government Center 3. Developing priority economic sectors 4. Applying intensive systems to priority economic sectors 5. Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2025-2035, establishing IKN as a resilient core area. 6. Develop the following phases of the city (for example, innovation and economic centers). 7. Completing the transfer of the IKN Government Center 8. Developing priority economic sectors 9. Applying intensive systems to priority economic sectors 10. Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2045 onwards cements its reputation as "a world city for all" 1. To be the world's leading city in terms of foreign power 2. It is one of the world's top ten most livable cities. 3. Achieving zero-carbon emissions and 100% renewable energy at installed capacity-the first city in the world with a population of > 1 million people to achieve this target Publica: Jurnal Pemikiran Administrasi Negara Vol 15 No. 1 | Maret 2023: 121-136 P-ISSN 2085-6555 E-ISSN 2715-9256 ================================================================================== Anggara Setya Saputra, Supardi Hamid, I Gusti Kade Budhi Harryarsana Policy Formulation Process on Indonesian Capital City Development East Kalimantan 129 Development Planning/National Development Planning Agency of the Republic of Indonesia July 2021). The content of the detailed plan for the spatial planning of the National Strategic Area of the National Capital includes land spatial planning, air space, earth space, and/or sea space as needed, consisting of (a) the purpose of structuring part of the National Capital Region, is a measurable value and/or quality that will be achieved in accordance with the direction of achievement as stipulated in the detailed spatial plan of the National Strategic Area of the National Capital and is the reason for the drafting of the detailed spatial plan of the National Strategic Area of the National Capital Region, which, if necessary, can be completed with the; (d) the determination of sub-sections of the National Capital Region that are prioritized in handling, containing the location and theme of handling; and (e) space utilization provisions, is an effort to realize the detailed spatial plan of the National Strategic Area of the National Capital Region section within the 5 (five) annual planning period (draft Presidential Regulation 2022). Based on the document on the preparation of the detailed spatial plan of the National Strategic Area of the National Capital in East Kalimantan, the central government has carried out the preparation process in which it regulates, among others, the building and environmental planning (RTBL), green, as well as containing the subject matter of building and environmental program provisions, general plans and design guidelines, Investment Plans, plan control provisions, and guidelines for controlling the implementation of environmental/regional development. Identification of IKN Nusantara development problems Efforts taken in finding or establishing policies that all parties agree on and are able to implement well must first know the cause or identify the problems faced together. The identification of the problems faced is the readiness of the committee in designing and deciding this policy. In general, input from various parties and the public in the public hearing was most considered to disturb their interests so that the discussion of Law Number 3 of 2022 on the state capital (IKN law), which was signed and officially enacted on February 15, 2022, The existence of the law as the basis of public policy is a political commodity that concerns the public interest. However, various dynamics that occur can have consequences for public policy that can also experience improvements. Therefore, public policy, on one particular view, is required to be flexible, must be fixed, and adjusted to the development of development dynamics. The suitability of a public policy is highly dependent on the assessment of the community. The discussion of public policy cannot be separated from the effort to implement that public policy. Implementation of public policy is a series of activities after a policy is formulated and established. Policy implementation refers to the mechanisms, resources, and relationships related to the implementation of the policy program. Without its implementation, the policy that has been established will be useless. Therefore, the implementation of policies has an essential position in public policy. Based on the results of the study, it was explained that the identification of the problems faced was the readiness of the committee in designing and deciding this policy. In general, input from various parties and the public in public hearings was most considered to disturb their interests, so that the discussion of Law Number 3 of 2022 on the state capital Publica: Jurnal Pemikiran Administrasi Negara Vol 15 No. 1 | Maret 2023: 121-136 P-ISSN 2085-6555 E-ISSN 2715-9256 ================================================================================== Anggara Setya Saputra, Supardi Hamid, I Gusti Kade Budhi Harryarsana Policy Formulation Process on Indonesian Capital City Development East Kalimantan 130 (IKN law), which was signed and officially promulgated on February 15, 2022, The need for the delivery of information that can be obtained by the public through the use of media, both media owned by the government and newspapers, This is input from one of the community representatives who were involved in the process of preparing the detailed spatial plan policy of the National Strategic Area of the National Capital. Transparency of information to the public/community is very important so that all people are aware of the development of the detailed spatial plan of the National Strategic Area of the National Capital in East Kalimantan. Figure 4. Impact of moving the National Capital (Ministry of National Development Planning/ National Development Planning Agency of the Republic of Indonesia July 2021 Source : Processed by Authors, 2023 It should be emphasized that the nature of public policy needs to be poured on legislation that is coercive. In this view, it can be assumed that public policy is a policy made by the government that is oriented to the welfare of society, which can be realized in the form of regulations, legislation, and so on. Public policy has a binding nature and must be obeyed by all members of society without exception. Before public policy is published and implemented, it must be established and authorized by the governing body/institution. The discussion of public policy cannot be separated from the effort to implement that public policy. Implementation of public policy is a series of activities after a policy is formulated and established. Policy implementation refers to the mechanisms, resources, and relationships associated with the implementation of policy programs. Without its implementation, the established policy will be useless. Therefore, the implementation of policies has an essential position in public policy. This is certainly the same as the policy formulation of the detailed spatial plan of the National Strategic Area of the National Capital in East Kalimantan, which must be able to run with a good policy-making mechanism. The process of developing alternative options for the Nusatara IKN Development Policy Short Term: Construction Period • Boost the economy through infrastructure investment. • Encourage trade between regions in Indonesia • Encourage the output of other sectors. • Encourage job creation. • increase economic growth. long-term and medium-term • increase economic growth. • Encourage the improvement of non-traditional sectors. • Promoting economic diversification in Kalimantan • Increase trade between regions. • Reduced income inequality? Publica: Jurnal Pemikiran Administrasi Negara Vol 15 No. 1 | Maret 2023: 121-136 P-ISSN 2085-6555 E-ISSN 2715-9256 ================================================================================== Anggara Setya Saputra, Supardi Hamid, I Gusti Kade Budhi Harryarsana Policy Formulation Process on Indonesian Capital City Development East Kalimantan 131 Based on the research results obtained from several informants, it can be seen that the process of developing alternative policy options is passed through a zone agreement. There are green ones: protected areas or green spaces. The yellow ones are intended for settlements. red for trade and services and blue for agriculture, tourism, and warehousing. Then it was allocated for public services, while the purple color was allocated for offices. This spatial planning is done to produce a general spatial plan and a detailed spatial plan. In the National Capital Region, the general spatial plan is in the form of the National Capital Region spatial plan. The detailed spatial plan is in the form of a detailed spatial plan of the National Capital Region and the strategic spatial plan of the National Capital Region. Regional development The capital region of the archipelago is an area that has high mobility. The National Capital Region is the center of government administration and governance. The availability of access is very easy to get in the National Capital Region. where a suitable alternative is urgently needed. The development of alternative policy options was passed with the zoning text agreement, namely green: protected areas or RTH, and yellow settlements. Trade and services are represented by red; agriculture, tourism, and warehousing are represented by blue; public services are represented by purple; and the National Capital Region is represented by purple. Based on the opinions of informants, it can be concluded that the concept of the National Capital Region comes from the executive. The detailed spatial plan of the National Strategic Area of the National Capital in East Kalimantan is more detailed and is in accordance with the relevant regulations, namely the detailed spatial plan of the National Strategic Area of the National Capital in East Kalimantan is listed in Law Number 3 of 2022 concerning the state capital (IKN law), which was signed and officially promulgated on February 15, 2022. Publica: Jurnal Pemikiran Administrasi Negara Vol 15 No. 1 | Maret 2023: 121-136 P-ISSN 2085-6555 E-ISSN 2715-9256 ================================================================================== Anggara Setya Saputra, Supardi Hamid, I Gusti Kade Budhi Harryarsana Policy Formulation Process on Indonesian Capital City Development East Kalimantan 132 Ministries and Institutions Complex • Government offices in KN Baru are built in the concept of shared offices (haring offices) between clumps of Ministries/Institutions • Prioritizing connectivity between Ministries/Agencies in the form of folk connectivity (buildings and digital connectivity supported by the 'smart office' model. • Government offices are built with green and sustainable principles and prioritize open layout The transformation of the workplace in Baru will be strengthened by changing the third way through flexible working arrangements through workspace and digital- based formats Source: Eko Prasojo, 2021 Figure 5. Capital Zoning And Transformation of How to Work in a New IKN (Ministry of National Development Planning / National Development Planning Agency of the Republic of Indonesia July 2021) The results of this study also provide a general picture related to the development of alternative policy options that have been agreed upon with the determination of criteria and the use of zoning for allotment of territory. This is so that the area used is arranged systematically and used according to its designation. The process of developing alternative policy options is passed through a zone agreement through a process of cross-stakeholder deliberations in order to reach an agreement. Where the zoning designation is distinguished on the basis of green for the designation of protected areas or green spaces, yellow is intended for settlements. Red for trade and services, and blue for agriculture, tourism, and warehousing. Then it was allocated for public services, while the purple color was allocated for the National Capital Region. Thus, the development of policy options offered in the detailed spatial plan of the National Strategic Area of the National Capital in East Kalimantan has gone well. Policy Alternative Options Testing Results of deliberation and consultation in the determination of alternative solutions This spatial planning is done to produce a general spatial plan and a detailed spatial plan. In the National Capital Region, the general plan of spatial planning is in the form of a spatial plan of the National Capital Region. The detailed spatial plan is in the form of a detailed spatial plan of the National Capital Region and the strategic spatial plan of the High density: 150pp/ha Medium density 100pp/ha Low density 50pp/ha IKN West Area (offices, banks area, talent d evelopment center). Central Government Core Area - KIPP (national government and smart government. office) Central Government Core Area - KIPP (national government and smart government. office) IKN (256.142.72 ha) Will be a catalyst for the region East Kalimantan by taking advantage of the advantages of the cities of Balikpapan and Samarinda 75% of the KN area will be planned to be a green open space of which 65% is a protected area and 10% is for food production KN is developed with 100% clean energy K-IKN (56,180.87 ha) Consisting of various mixed-use zones and neighborhoods that support the concept of "10 minutes walk" and social connectivity Designed in harmony with nature, with a minimum of 50% green space 80% of trips are made via public transport or active mobility of residents 100% green space change for each building Source : Processed by Authors, 2023 Publica: Jurnal Pemikiran Administrasi Negara Vol 15 No. 1 | Maret 2023: 121-136 P-ISSN 2085-6555 E-ISSN 2715-9256 ================================================================================== Anggara Setya Saputra, Supardi Hamid, I Gusti Kade Budhi Harryarsana Policy Formulation Process on Indonesian Capital City Development East Kalimantan 133 National Capital Region. The National Capital Region is a strategic area that has high mobility and is central to the implementation of government systems and governance. The availability of access is very easy to get in the National Capital Region, so there is no need for systematic regulation. Effective and efficient space utilization can be realized through an optimal spatial planning process and, based on the mandate of Law Number 3 of 2022 concerning the state capital (IKN law), has authority in the implementation of urban spatial planning and control of regional spatial utilization of the national capital strategy. So the preparation of the RTRW of the National Capital Region is needed as a reference for all parties to create harmony, harmony, integration, sustainability, sustainability as well as interrelationships between regions. The National Capital Regional Strategic Spatial Plan is a general spatial plan of the National Capital Region that is a description of the RTRW of the National Capital Region and which contains the objectives, policies, and spatial strategies of the National Capital Region; the spatial pattern plan of the National Capital Region; the determination of the strategic area of the National Capital Region; and the direction of space utilization of the National Capital Region. The Spatial Detail Plan (RDTR) is the result of the planning of structural forms and patterns of space utilization as a regional policy in spatial planning. Based on the provisions of Law Number 3 of 2022 on the state capital (IKN law) regarding the transfer of the National Capital. Part of the to-be-structured area RDTR is an urban area or strategic area of the national capital. RTRW National Capital Region needs to be equipped with a more detailed reference control space utilization plan for the national capital. RDTR is a plan that establishes a block in the functional area as the translation of activities into a form of space that takes into account the interrelationships between activities in the functional area in order to create a harmonious environment between the main activities and supporting activities in the functional area. An RDTR national capital strategic area, which is arranged complete with zoning regulations, is an integral unit for a particular national capital strategic area. In the event that the RDTR is not prepared or the RDTR has been determined as a regional regulation but there has been no zoning regulation before the release of this guideline, the zoning regulation can be prepared separately and contains a zoning map and zoning text for the entire National Capital Region, both existing and planned in the National Capital Region. The specific development policies of the National Capital Region in East Kalimantan include: 1. Development of strategic areas, which include strategic growth areas, nature conservation areas, natural disaster protection areas, and border areas. East Kalimantan is planned as one of the strategic areas of the national capital. 2. Development of the National Capital Region in East Kalimantan. Thus, it can be seen from the results of research related to the detailed spatial plan of the National Capital Region in East Kalimantan that it has been well set up with the involvement of stakeholders to find various solutions and alternatives. The first is the harmony of spatial development of the National Capital Region in East Kalimantan, which must be adjusted to the social conditions of the community. This is done so that the development of regional spatial planning is contrary to the social conditions of the community, which can lead to failure. Second, the bureaucratic environment, in this case, Publica: Jurnal Pemikiran Administrasi Negara Vol 15 No. 1 | Maret 2023: 121-136 P-ISSN 2085-6555 E-ISSN 2715-9256 ================================================================================== Anggara Setya Saputra, Supardi Hamid, I Gusti Kade Budhi Harryarsana Policy Formulation Process on Indonesian Capital City Development East Kalimantan 134 the elements of government that implement the policy will have to pro-actively communicate with all levels of society and build synergies both at provincial, regional, sub- district, village and private parties collaboratively. Parties Involved In The Policy Formulation Process Detailed Spatial Plan Of The National Capital Strategic Area In the process of implementing the detailed spatial plan of the National Capital Region in East Kalimantan, it cannot be separated from the parties involved, both from government institutions and the public and private parties (Hasibuan & Aisa, 2020). The parties certainly have goals and interests to be achieved. The parties involved in this case cannot be separated from the process of implementing the policy to be carried out. This means that in the formulation of the detailed spatial plan policy of the National Capital Region in East Kalimantan, the parties involved can be interpreted as institutional and individual actors from the executive, legislative, community, and private parties. From a policy perspective, that party or what can also be called an actor, comes from various institutions that are included in the supra-political structure and political infrastructure. This, of course, cannot be separated from policy issues. The direction of policy shows the direction of power interaction that determines a choice to be determined. This means that a policy leads to a systematic set of actions to achieve a certain goal, made by influential or powerful actors in a policy of an authoritative nature. Thus, it can be understood that the relationship between the two meanings comes from the concept of power, and policy is the result of the interaction of power between actors (Syofii & Alfirdaus, 2020). That is, in the understanding of political actors, they can not be separated from the policy process to be achieved. In another explanation, there are two actors who are increasingly important in government institutions: Both actors were professional politicians, and actors came from among the professional administrators who later became the basis for the development of modern bureaucracy. That is, in the process of public policy, which can not be separated from the influence and relationships of various parties. From the results of the study, the parties involved in the policy formulation process of the detailed spatial plan of the National Capital Region in East Kalimantan certainly cannot be separated from the various parties or actors involved. Actors/parties involved consist of elements of the East Kalimantan provincial government, DPR RI, the public, the private sector, sub-district, Lurah, and academics as reviewers of the policy-making process. Thus, the detailed spatial plan of the National Capital Region in East Kalimantan has harmony and harmonization in accordance with the principles of humanist, egalitarian, and sustainable development. Conclusion In the process of formulating IKN development policy in East Kalimantan, it becomes a large-scale alternative strategic step that is expected to improve and enhance performance in the implementation of government administration, state system, and Publica: Jurnal Pemikiran Administrasi Negara Vol 15 No. 1 | Maret 2023: 121-136 P-ISSN 2085-6555 E-ISSN 2715-9256 ================================================================================== Anggara Setya Saputra, Supardi Hamid, I Gusti Kade Budhi Harryarsana Policy Formulation Process on Indonesian Capital City Development East Kalimantan 135 governance. This requires approaches that are able to encourage the development and acceleration of development in order to run efficiently and efficiently. Development that begins gradually certainly requires efforts from various sectors and actors in order to support dynamic development and can be useful in accordance with expectations. This happens in the development of IKN in East Kalimantan, which must pay attention to various aspects and indicators such as the Nusantara IKN development plan, the process of developing alternative options for Nusantara IKN development policies, and testing alternative policy options through the results of deliberations and consultations in determining alternative solutions and parties involved in the policy formulation process of the detailed spatial plan of the national capital strategic area. With these indicators, it is necessary to prepare and prepare everything necessary by involving actors who can encourage and contribute to the development of IKN Nusantara systematically, measureably, and sustainably. References Andhika, L. R. (2019). Model Sistem Dinamis: Simulasi Formulasi Kebijakan Publik. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan Publik, 10(1), 73–86. https://doi.org/10.22212/jekp.v10i1.1242 Ayu Rizky, P., & Mar’iyah, C. (2021). 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