Publica: Jurnal Pemikiran Administrasi Negara Vol 15 No. 1 | Maret 2023: 89-100 P-ISSN 2085-6555 E-ISSN 2715-9256 ==================================================================================== Anggito Hernando, Indri Sudanawati Rozas, Anang Khunaefi Comparative Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Performance of SPBE Implementation in the City of Surabaya and Mojokerto Regency 89 Comparative Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Performance of SPBE Implementation in the City of Surabaya and Mojokerto Regency 1Anggito Hernando, Indri Sudanawati Rozas, Anang Khunaefi 1 UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya, Indonesia; H76218022@uinsby.ac.id Received: December 24, 2022; In Revised:February 26, 2023; Accepted: March 17, 2023 Abstract The implementation of e-government in Indonesia in 2018 changed its name to the Electronic-Based Government System (SPBE) in accordance with the PERPRES No. 95 of 2018. The implementation of SPBE in Indonesia in 2019 an evaluation was held in each region to find out the extent of the implementation of SPBE in each region in Indonesia. The SPBE evaluation produces an SPBE index which is used as a reference in knowing how far the implementation of the existing SPBE in the area. The high and low value of the SPBE index can be caused by various factors, in this study will discuss the comparison of factors and model factors that affect the performance of the SPBE application in the City of Surabaya and Mojokerto Regency. This study uses EFA analysis to determine the performance factor model in the application of SPBE. For the variables in this study using the results of mapping the Digital Service Provision System of System Framework by Samantha Papavasilou with PERMENPAN No. 59 of 2020 which resulted in 17 indicators. The results of this study Surabaya City and Mojokerto Regency have similarities in performance factors but the two regions have differences in performance factor characteristics where there are several performance factors that are superior to Surabaya City than Mojokerto Regency and vice versa. For the performance factor model, the EFA analysis produces 5 performance factors, namely SPBE regulation, digital literacy, IT infrastructure management, Human Resources and system location. Keywords: Electronic Based Government System, E-government, EFA, GRMS, Quantitative. Introduction In Indonesia, e-government began to be implemented in 2001 with the Presidential Instruction No. 6 of 2001 (INPRES). The instruction contains the development and utilization of telematics in Indonesia. Then developed countries have started to implement e-government and finally succeeded in 2003. 3 of 2003. The instruction contains the contents of national policies and strategies regarding the development of e-gov in Indonesia (Nugraha 2018). In 2018 the implementation of e-government in Indonesia was known by a new name, namely the Electronic- Based Government System (SPBE). This is in accordance with Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia (PERPRES) No. 95 of 2018 which discusses SPBE. In 2019 MENPAN-RB carried out SPBE evaluation activities based on PERMENPAN- RB No. 5 of 2018 which was carried out by 2 parties, namely the first party, the ministry's internal assessment team, government and regional institutions and the second party, namely by external evaluators. The purpose of this evaluation is to see how far the implementation of SPBE by government agencies, both central and regional (Astiarasanti 2020). Before the results of the 2019 SPBE evaluation came out, several studies regarding SPBE evaluation in areas in Indonesia Publica: Jurnal Pemikiran Administrasi Negara Vol 15 No. 1 | Maret 2023: 89-100 P-ISSN 2085-6555 E-ISSN 2715-9256 ==================================================================================== Anggito Hernando, Indri Sudanawati Rozas, Anang Khunaefi Comparative Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Performance of SPBE Implementation in the City of Surabaya and Mojokerto Regency 90 appeared including the SPBE evaluation in Lumajang Regency using MENPANRB Regulation No. 5 of 2018 with the results of the SPBE index in the study being 2.85 (Firdaus 2019). In the 2019 evaluation, East Java Province received an SPBE index of 3.1 with the highest city or district being Surabaya City with an SPBE index value of 3.72 and for the lowest district in the 2019 SPBE evaluation was Mojokerto Regency with an SPBE index value of 1 ,55. In 2020 MENPAN-RB updated the SPBE evaluation guidelines from PERMENPAN-RB No. 5 of 2018 to PERMENPAN-RB No. 59 of 2020. MENPAN-RB in 2018 has issued guidelines in the evaluation of SPBE, namely PERMENPAN No. 5 of 2018 which was used in the evaluation of SPBE in 2019. However, in 2020 there was an update to their guidelines, namely the emergence of PERMENPAN No. 59 of 2020. The latest guidelines contain the addition of several indicators, aspects and domains in the SPBE assessment. And also in the latest guidelines there are changes in the assessment of each indicator (MENPANRB 2020). In the latest SPBE evaluation guidelines, there are 47 indicators in 8 aspects and in 4 domains. The domains are internal policies, governance, management and SPBE services while the old guidelines consist of 3 domains. For more details, the difference between PERMENPAN No. 5 of 2018 with PERMENPAN No. 59 as shown in Figure 1 below. Figure 1. Advantages of PERMENPAN-RB No. 59 Year 2020 Source: PERMENPAN (2020) In Samantha Papavasiliou disertation entitled "A Digital Transformation Governance Framework for e Government: A Systemic Approach" he discussed about Digital Service Provision System of System. In his research which produce one framework combines thematic analysis and the GIOA model which is used to create a governance framework called the governance framework or it can also be called digital service delivery system framework. This digital service delivery system framework is generated from the results of thematic analysis identifying four main constituent systems (cognitive, business, infrastructure, and digital). The other two systems are identified separately. First, social systems are identified based on ATO and industry research. The social system is not directly reflected in the thematic analysis, social norms and people's perceptions appear in the data but are not clearly stated. Second, the Publica: Jurnal Pemikiran Administrasi Negara Vol 15 No. 1 | Maret 2023: 89-100 P-ISSN 2085-6555 E-ISSN 2715-9256 ==================================================================================== Anggito Hernando, Indri Sudanawati Rozas, Anang Khunaefi Comparative Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Performance of SPBE Implementation in the City of Surabaya and Mojokerto Regency 91 policy system is considered vital to be included outside the analysis results, because policies and legislation are the basis for the transformation of government services from legacy to digital (Papavasiliou 2020). For more details Digital Service Provision System of System, see Figure 2 below. Figure 2. Advantages of PERMENPAN-RB No. 59 Year 2020 Source: Samantha (2020) In this study, we will discuss the comparison of factors that affect the performance of SPBE implementation. This study has a research object, namely in the City of Surabaya and Mojokerto Regency and this study is discussed about the model of performance factors that affect the implementation of SPBE. In this research indicator used mapping instrumen between PERMENPAN No. 59 In 2020 and Digital Service Provision System of System For the performance factor model that affects the implementation of SPBE, the results of the EFA (Exploratory Factor Analysis) analysis will be used because Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) can identify the relationship between the indicator variables used and then build a new construct, while the CFA is used to test indicators that have been grouped into their constructs (Sukemi and Trisnawati 2021). The stages in conducting factor analysis are divided into 5 stages, namely (Emerson 2017) determining the variables to be analyzed, calculate and create a correlation matrix, extrationn factor, determination factor and rotating factor. Methods In this study, quantitative research methods are used, namely a study that examines a particular population or sample based on the truth and in quantitative research it has a wide research area coverage and a wide level of variation (Mulyadi 2019). Sources of data in this study Publica: Jurnal Pemikiran Administrasi Negara Vol 15 No. 1 | Maret 2023: 89-100 P-ISSN 2085-6555 E-ISSN 2715-9256 ==================================================================================== Anggito Hernando, Indri Sudanawati Rozas, Anang Khunaefi Comparative Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Performance of SPBE Implementation in the City of Surabaya and Mojokerto Regency 92 were employees of the Department of Communication and Information Surabaya City and Mojokerto Regency. Data collection method in this study using a questionnaire that uses a Likert scale. The use of the Likert scale is usually to measure the responses, opinions, perceptions and attitudes of a person or group regarding a social phenomenon (Sugiyono 2018). For the total population in this study amounted to 246 which came from 192 employees of DISKOMINFO Surabaya City and 54 employees of DISKOMINFO Mojokerto Regency. As for the sample in this study, the minimum sample method that can be used is 30 people (Amalia, Dianingati, and Annisaa’ 2022). For the variables and indicators in this study, the results of the mapping between the Digital Service Provision Framework and PERMENPAN-RB No. 59 of 2020. The mapping results the instrument in this study has 6 variables and 17 indicators as follows: Physical system with 4 indicators, namely infrastructure, technology, location and access. Social system with 3 indicators, namely culture, society and market. Policy system with 4 indicators, namely policy, legislation, leadership and current government. Cognitive system with 2 indicators, namely ability and attitude. Business system with 1 indicator, namely innovation. Digital system with 3 indicators, namely social norms, human resources and support. are shown in Figure 3. Figure 3. Results of Mapping Framework for Digital Service Provision System With PERMENPAN- RB No. 59 Year 2022 Source: Researcher (2021) Publica: Jurnal Pemikiran Administrasi Negara Vol 15 No. 1 | Maret 2023: 89-100 P-ISSN 2085-6555 E-ISSN 2715-9256 ==================================================================================== Anggito Hernando, Indri Sudanawati Rozas, Anang Khunaefi Comparative Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Performance of SPBE Implementation in the City of Surabaya and Mojokerto Regency 93 Results and Discussion Comparation To test the validity of this study using the Pearson product moment correlation formula. Where in order for the test to pass the validity test on the condition that r count must be greater than r table (Gunawan et al. 2019). Where the r table in this study is obtained from the formula df = n-2 where n in this study is 60 which means 60-2 = 58. Where the r-table of df = 58 is 0.2542. The validity test table is in Table 1 Table 1. Results Validity Test Question Table of r value Value of r count Information T1 (Technology 1) 0.2542 0.1280 Invalid T2 (Technology 2 0.2542 0.4810 Valid INF1 (Infrastructure 1) 0.2542 0.3670 Valid INF2 (Infrastructure 2) 0.2542 0.5310 Valid L1 (Location 1) 0.2542 0.4720 Valid L2 (Location 2) 0.2542 0.5580 Valid A1 (Access 1) 0.2542 0.4320 Valid A2 (Access 2) 0.2542 0.6630 Valid K1 (Culture 1) 0.2542 0.5150 Valid K2 (Culture 2) 0.2542 0.6540 Valid MSY1 (Society 1) 0.2542 0.5890 Valid MSY2 (Society 2) 0.2542 0.5890 Valid MRK1 (Market 1) 0.2542 0.4920 Valid MRK2 (Market 2) 0.2542 0.4510 Valid KEB1 (Policy 1) 0.2542 0.4070 Valid KEB2 (Policy 2) 0.2542 0.5070 Valid PP1 (Legislation 1) 0.2542 0.3450 Valid PP2 (Legislation 2) 0.2542 0.5500 Valid KEP1 (Leadership 1) 0.2542 0.4450 Valid KEP2 (Leadership 2) 0.2542 0.4040 Valid PS1 (Current Government 1) 0.2542 0.4000 Valid Publica: Jurnal Pemikiran Administrasi Negara Vol 15 No. 1 | Maret 2023: 89-100 P-ISSN 2085-6555 E-ISSN 2715-9256 ==================================================================================== Anggito Hernando, Indri Sudanawati Rozas, Anang Khunaefi Comparative Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Performance of SPBE Implementation in the City of Surabaya and Mojokerto Regency 94 Question Table of r value Value of r count Information PS2 (Current Government 1) 0.2542 0.3000 Valid KES1 (Willingness 1) 0.2542 0.3800 Valid KES2 (Willingness 2) 0.2542 0.3320 Valid S1 (Attitude 1) 0.2542 0.4450 Valid S2 (Attitude 2) 0.2542 0.5290 Valid INV1 (Innovation 1) 0.2542 0.2950 Valid INV2 (Innovation 2) 0.2542 0.2650 Valid SN1 (Social Norm 1) 0.2542 0.4970 Valid SN2 (Social Norm 2) 0.2542 0.4870 Valid SDM1 (Human Resources 1) 0.2542 0.3260 Valid SDM2 (Human Resources 2) 0.2542 0.4450 Valid SUP1 (Support 1) 0.2542 0.3860 Valid SUP2 (Support 2) 0.2542 0.4820 Valid T1 (Technology 1) 0.2542 0.1280 Valid T2 (Technology 2 0.2542 0.4810 Valid Source: Research (2021) From the table above, it can be seen that the questions above that r count < r table are only questions T1 or technology 1, therefore the question T1 is not included in the further data processing process. For the results of the reliability test using the Cronbach alpha formula in this study as shown in Table 2. Table 2. Results Reliability Test Variabel Total Item Cronbach Alpha Value Infomation Physical System 7 0.782 Reliable Social System 6 0.798 Reliable Policy System 8 0.734 Reliable Cognitive System 4 0.659 Reliable Business System 2 0.728 Reliable Digital System 6 0.652 Reliable Source: Research (2021) Publica: Jurnal Pemikiran Administrasi Negara Vol 15 No. 1 | Maret 2023: 89-100 P-ISSN 2085-6555 E-ISSN 2715-9256 ==================================================================================== Anggito Hernando, Indri Sudanawati Rozas, Anang Khunaefi Comparative Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Performance of SPBE Implementation in the City of Surabaya and Mojokerto Regency 95 From the table above, if the Cronbach's Alpha value is more than 0.6 then the measuring instrument can be used in research . So it can be concluded that all variables and indicators in this study are reliable. For comparison of performance factors, it can be seen from the answers of each respondent or employee from DISKOMINFO Surabaya City and DISKOMINFO Mojokerto Regency as shown in Figure 4. Figure 4. Performance Factor Comparation Chart Source: Research (2021) EFA Analysis From the picture above, it can be seen that the City of Surabaya and the Regency of Mojokerto have relatively the same performance factors, but when viewed more specifically, the City of Surabaya and Mojokerto Regency have different characteristics of the performance factors. For the same performance factors, namely location, culture, community, policies, laws and regulations, leadership, ability, attitude, human resources and support. Surabaya City has 4 characteristics of performance factors, namely technology, access, current government and innovation, while in Mojokerto Regency it has 3 characteristics of performance factors, namely infrastructure, market and social norms. For the performance factor model generated by exploratory factor analysis as follows for the results of KMO and Bartlet Test as shown in table 3 below. 0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00 3,50 4,00 4,50 5,00 T 2 IN F 1 IN F 2 L 1 L 2 A 1 A 2 K 1 K 2 M S Y 1 M S Y 2 M R K 1 M R K 2 K E B 1 K E B 2 P P 1 P P 2 K E P 1 K E P 2 P S I1 P S I2 K E S 1 K E S 2 S 1 S 2 IN V 1 IN V 2 S N 1 S N 2 S D M 1 S D M 2 S U P 1 S U P 2 Surabaya Mojokerto Gap Publica: Jurnal Pemikiran Administrasi Negara Vol 15 No. 1 | Maret 2023: 89-100 P-ISSN 2085-6555 E-ISSN 2715-9256 ==================================================================================== Anggito Hernando, Indri Sudanawati Rozas, Anang Khunaefi Comparative Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Performance of SPBE Implementation in the City of Surabaya and Mojokerto Regency 96 Table 3. Results KMO and Bartlett’s Test KMO and Bartlett's Test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. 0.643 Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 507.675 df 136 Sig. .000 Source: Research (2021) From the table above, it is known that the value of KMO MSA is 0.643 which is more than 0.5 and also the value of Bartlett's Test of Sphericity (Sig) is 0.00 <0.05, which means that factor analysis can be continued because it meets the requirements. Due to the EFA requirements, the value of KMO MSA is > 0.5 and the value of Bartlet's Test Of Sphericity (sig) <0.05 (Watkins, 2018). Furthermore, to see the number of factors formed is to use factor extraction. Factor extraction in this study is using the maximum likelihood method. To see the value of factor extraction, use the results from the total variance explained table, where the table results are in accordance with Figure 5 below. Figure 5. Table of Total Variance Source: Research (2021) Publica: Jurnal Pemikiran Administrasi Negara Vol 15 No. 1 | Maret 2023: 89-100 P-ISSN 2085-6555 E-ISSN 2715-9256 ==================================================================================== Anggito Hernando, Indri Sudanawati Rozas, Anang Khunaefi Comparative Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Performance of SPBE Implementation in the City of Surabaya and Mojokerto Regency 97 From the picture above, it can be seen that there are 5 factors that formed 17 indicators that were analyzed because to be a factor the value of the eigenvalue must be >1 (Watkins 2018). To find out the first to fifth factors are filled by any factor using factor rotation. Factor rotation in this study uses Varimax to minimize the number of variables that have a correlation value to the formed factor. To determine the magnitude of the correlation between variables with the five factors can be seen in Table 4 below. Table 4. Corelation Factor’s Indicator Factor 1 2 3 4 5 Policy .818 Leadership .652 Legislation .582 .452 -.429 Attitude .514 .375 .492 Innovation .513 .453 -.429 Access .440 .345 Public .814 Culture .431 .590 Technology .568 521 Social Norm .564 .351 Market .476 .363 Infrastructure .858 Support .710 Current Government .671 Willingness .663 Human Resources .424 Location .300 .895 Source: Research (2021) From the table above, it can be seen that policies, leadership, laws and regulations, attitudes, innovation attitudes and access have the highest correlation in the first model of SPBE implementation performance factors. Society, culture, technology, social norms (social norms) Publica: Jurnal Pemikiran Administrasi Negara Vol 15 No. 1 | Maret 2023: 89-100 P-ISSN 2085-6555 E-ISSN 2715-9256 ==================================================================================== Anggito Hernando, Indri Sudanawati Rozas, Anang Khunaefi Comparative Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Performance of SPBE Implementation in the City of Surabaya and Mojokerto Regency 98 and the market have the highest correlation in the second model of performance factors for the application of SPBE. Infrastructure and support have the highest correlation with the third model of SPBE implementation performance factors. The current government, ability and human resources have the highest correlation with the four model performance factors for the implementation of SPBE. And location has the highest correlation with the fifth model of SPBE implementation performance factors. After the factor rotation, the factor interpretation of the five SPBE application performance factor models that have been formed from the factor rotation will be carried out from the results of the EFA analysis. For the interpretation of factors, it is in Table 5. Table 5. Factor Interpretation Factor Items Factor Name First factor policy, leadership, legislation, attitude, innovation, access. SPBE Regulation Second factor society, culture, technology, social norms, market Digital Literacy Third factor infrastructure and support IT Infrastructure Management Fourth factor current government, willingness, human resources Human Resources Fifth factor location System Location Source: Research (2021) Conclucion From the explanation that has been described above, it can be concluded that this research results that the City of Surabaya and Mojokerto Regency have similarities in terms of performance factors in the application of SPBE in their area. 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