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Almuchalif Suryo, Samuel Lumban Toruan, Adnan Majid, Joni Widjayanto 
Applying the Trikora Spirit in Public Administration Practices to Build the Welfare of the Papuan 

People 
250 

 
 

 
Applying the Trikora Spirit in Public Administration Practices to Build the Welfare of 

the Papuan People 

 

 
1Almuchalif Suryo, Samuel Lumban Toruan, Adnan Majid, Joni Widjayanto 

 

1Indonesia Defense University, Indonesia; suryojayapura@gmail.com 

 

 

 Received: November 14, 2022; In Revised:February 02, 2023; Accepted: March 13, 2023 

 

 

Abstract 

 
This study aims to analyze the application of the Trikora spirit in public administration practices to build the 

welfare of the Papuan people. The research method used in this study is a qualitative approach by conducting a 

literature review. The results of this study show that the Trikora spirit can be applied in public administration 

practices, particularly in optimizing governance, coordination, and supervision, as well as in improving the 

implementation of programs and policies in Papua. Various efforts have been made by the government to resolve 

existing problems through the enactment of Law No. 21 of 2001 concerning Special Autonomy for the Province 

of Papua. However, twenty years after the implementation of special autonomy, the results are still not optimal. 

This is because, among other things, governance is still not optimal, there is no supervision and assistance from 

the center, and programs from ministries and institutions have not been well coordinated and integrated. I hope 

that the mobilization of all potential national resources, the spirit of one unit, synchronization and coordination as 

well as command and control when the Trikora to seize West Irian need to be imitated and continued to build the 

development of Papua's welfare. 

 

Keywords: Trikora, Mobilization of National Resources, synchronization & coordination, command and control, 

Special Autonomy. 
 

 

Introduction 

On the nineteenth of December 1961, at a giant meeting in the Yogyakarta square, 

President Soekarno announced TRIKORA (Tri Komando Rakyat) in order to liberate West 

Irian from Dutch occupation. The contents of the Trikora are: 1) To thwart the establishment 

of the colonial Dutch-made “Papuan Puppet State”; 2) Raise the Red and White Flag in West 

Irian, Indonesia; and 3) Be prepared for general mobilization to defend the independence of the 

unity of the Motherland and the Nation. 

President Soekarno deliberately chose this date to take the psychological effect of the 

Indonesian people to remember that on the same date in 1948 the Second Dutch Military 

Aggression occurred (Suropati, 2019). If in the past the city of Yogyakarta was the main target 

of the Dutch attack, then 13 years later in the same city it was announced by Trikora to retake 

West Irian from Dutch hands. Trikora had to be taken after various attempts through diplomacy 

to negotiate with the Dutch failed to be carried out. Instead of giving it back, the Dutch were 

actually preparing for the independence of West Irian. The West Irian issue was in limbo 

because the Dutch deliberately manipulated the translation of the text of the Round Table 



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Almuchalif Suryo, Samuel Lumban Toruan, Adnan Majid, Joni Widjayanto 
Applying the Trikora Spirit in Public Administration Practices to Build the Welfare of the Papuan 

People 
251 

 
 

Conference agreement (Silalahi, 1997). Indonesia considers that West Irian will be handed over 

later through negotiations that will be carried out after one year of the Round Table Conference 

(KMB). The Netherlands translated the words in the results of the KMB negotiations which 

read "Statusquo should be maintained in New Guinea for a year, by which time is future status 

would be resolved by further between negotiations parties" interpreted by the Netherlands as a 

Dutch domestic problem that will be resolved later through decolonization (Salford, 2013). 

Tensions between Indonesia and the Netherlands escalated, especially after the Dutch 

government put forward the idea of decolonizing and internationalizing West Irian at the UN 

forum. The Dutch are trying to legalize the Planned Papua Council Law complete with its flag 

and national anthem. This step will of course lead to the formation of the state of West Irian 

which is very much against the sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia (Octaviar, 2022). 

Indonesia continues to make every effort so that West Irian returns to Indonesia immediately, 

including through diplomacy and continues to seek support from various world countries, 

including through the United Nations. The Permanent Representative of the Republic of 

Indonesia at the United Nations in 1954 submitted a request to the Secretary General of the 

United Nations so that the West Irian issue could be included on the agenda of the UN General 

Assembly (Ravico, 2020). The efforts of the Indonesian Government to bring the West Irian 

issue to the UN forum received a strong reaction and rejection from the Netherlands because 

they thought that the UN had no right to interfere in West Irian issues, and considered that 

Indonesia was expanding because it misinterpreted the results of the KMB, namely the West 

Irian problem was resolved through a meeting of the two countries just. 

 The efforts of the Government of Indonesia finally bore fruit by bringing the issue of 

West Irian to the 9th UN General Assembly in 1954, but the West Irian Draft Resolution on 

Indonesia's initiative did not receive support and did not reach the required quorum (Karseno, 

2011). Subsequent submissions at the 10th (1955), 11th (1956), and 12th General Assembly 

Sessions also failed successively and were promised that a special session would be arranged 

in Geneva which was never held (Idris Jusuf, 2016). This failure is inseparable from the number 

of UN membership which is more profitable for the Netherlands. At that time, most of the 

members of the UN General Assembly were still dominated by Western countries, while the 

majority of developing countries were still colonies of Western countries and not yet 

independent.  

When Indonesia put this matter forward at the XII UN General Assembly, Indonesia's 

demands were not successful, on the contrary, it actually strengthened the Dutch stance which 

considered West Irian as its domestic problem. The Indonesian government has carried out 

various diplomatic policies in an effort to liberate West Irian but has failed. Therefore, the 

Government of Indonesia devised a strategy using political, economic and military capabilities 

or in other words, to expel the Netherlands and West Irian not limited to diplomacy, if necessary 

by mobilizing all national potential (Prayuda, 2020). 

The first response of the Indonesian Government was in the economic field by taking 

over Dutch companies in Indonesia. The second action is to sever diplomatic relations with the 

Netherlands and the next action is to build a formidable military force (Bupu, 2021). 

Indonesia's failed diplomatic efforts to invite the Netherlands to negotiate again on the West 

Irian issue peacefully either through bilateral, UN and other efforts have forced Indonesia to 



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Almuchalif Suryo, Samuel Lumban Toruan, Adnan Majid, Joni Widjayanto 
Applying the Trikora Spirit in Public Administration Practices to Build the Welfare of the Papuan 

People 
252 

 
 

change its attitude from being defensive to then becoming offensive and implementing a policy 

of total confrontation against the Netherlands including the military (Pusjarah, 1996). 

This effort was carried out through the purchase of modern weapons and equipping the 

Indonesian Armed Forces with modern weapons from Russia. Prior to announcing the Trikora, 

the Government first formed the National Front for the Liberation of West Irian (1960). This 

National Front was a semi-official body that assisted and encouraged all efforts by the 

Government in general and the Central War Authority in particular in the context of the struggle 

to return West Irian to the territory of the Republic. Indonesia (Siti, 2022). After that the 

Government formed the National Defense Council (Depertan,) in 1961, whose task was to 

formulate ways to integrate all national potential in the Liberation of West Irian (Numberi, 

2013). Apart from that, Soekarno also formed the Mandala Command with the main task of 

preparing and carrying out a Military Operation to seize West Irian which was occupied by the 

Dutch. Military Operations became the last option after various diplomatic efforts failed.  

It turns out that the United States has been following these developments, paying 

attention to Indonesia's determination. To investigate with certainty regarding Indonesia's 

intention to invade West Irian, in addition to sending a U2 spy plane flying over Indonesian 

territory (Poulgrain, 2017), the United States also sent President JF Kennedy's younger brother, 

Robert Kennedy, who at that time served as America's Attorney General. States to visit 

Indonesia. Apart from holding talks with President Soekarno, he also directly saw preparations 

for a military invasion of West Irian (Guntur, 2021). This was done because the Dutch kept 

stalling for time to continue negotiations on West Irian. When Trikora was announced, the 

Indonesian Armed Forces were indeed in their best condition, as the strongest Armed Forces 

in Southeast Asia (Hakim, 2018). On this basis, the United States then pressured the Dutch 

government to negotiate again with Indonesia to discuss West Irian (Wawan, 2011). 

Finally, the Netherlands and Indonesia were successfully invited to the negotiating 

table. On August 5, 1962 an agreement was reached in New York which became known as the 

"New York Agreement" which in principle determined the gradual surrender of West Irian to 

Indonesia (Numberi, 2013). Although in the end the military operation was canceled due to the 

conclusion of the "New York Agreement", the lessons learned from Trikora's success were the 

maximum deployment of national resources from the Government and the existence of a clear 

single command to facilitate the objectives of efforts to return West Irian to Indonesia. 

Since the official return of West Irian to Indonesia through the People's Consultation 

(Pepera) in 1969 whose results were ratified through UN Resolution no 2504 of 1969, West 

Irian which is now called Papua has still faced various problems and has been left behind by 

other provinces in Indonesia. Through Law No. 21 of 2001 concerning Special Autonomy for 

the Papua Province, the Government established a Special Autonomy (Otsus) policy for the 

Papua Province with the aim of catching up with other provinces in Indonesia, to create a safe, 

peaceful and prosperous Papua. However, during the 20 years that this law has been 

implemented, the results are felt to be less than optimal. From the results of the research, weak 

governance and weak supervision of the management of the Papua special autonomy fund and 

the absence of a grand design for Papua's development through Otsus have resulted in the 

distribution of funds and development not being on target (Katharina, 2019). In addition, these 



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Almuchalif Suryo, Samuel Lumban Toruan, Adnan Majid, Joni Widjayanto 
Applying the Trikora Spirit in Public Administration Practices to Build the Welfare of the Papuan 

People 
253 

 
 

policies seem not enough. The conflict is still burning and a comprehensive solution is needed 

to lead to a peaceful Papua, Papua as an integral part of Indonesia. 

In order to maximize the implementation of Otsus, the government needs to continue 

the spirit of a clear Trikora single command to facilitate the goals of Otsus. The spirit of a 

single solid command unit has become a meaningful example for Indonesia in building 

prosperity and solving problems in Papua. The spirit of a unified command when Trikora needs 

to be continued to build the welfare of the Papuan people. If previously Trikora's spirit was to 

win back West Irian, now its spirit is to win heart and mind, win the hearts and people of Papua. 

Writing this study uses a qualitative research method carried out with literature studies 

and historical writing, using a philosophical approach (philosophical approach), historical 

approach (historical approach), and statutory approach (statute approach). The statutory 

regulation approach is a regulation that is concerned with the issues Papua is currently facing, 

by examining the regulations in force with the aim of finding the right arrangement and 

implementation of special autonomy in Papua. 

 

Method 

This research uses a type of qualitative research with a literature study approach. Data 

obtained using the method of literature study. The data obtained were analyzed using content 

analysis techniques and analyzed inductively. The research was conducted by collecting and 

analyzing literature related to the research topic. The literature used in this research comes from 

scientific journal articles, books, and related academic publications. The literature sources used 

in this study were selected based on predetermined inclusion criteria. The data obtained from 

the literature were analyzed using qualitative analysis techniques. The researcher used an 

inductive approach in analyzing the data by identifying the main themes that emerged from the 

collected literature. To ensure the validity of the data, the researcher triangulated the data using 

various sources of literature related to the research topic. In addition, to ensure data reliability, 

researchers used data verification and confirmation techniques by re-examining the literature 

sources used in the study. 

 

Result and Discussion 

Papua has returned to the motherland. Papua referred to here is Papua which now has 

six provinces, namely Papua Province and West Papua Province as well as four new provinces 

that have just been formed namely; South Papua Province, Highlands Papua Province, Central 

Papua Province and Southwest Papua Province. Physically, the initial development process in 

Papua was not the same as in other regions in Indonesia. Other provinces began pioneering 

development shortly after the War of Independence ended, while Papua was only handed over 

by the Dutch to UNTEA (United Nations Temporary Executive Authority), a United Nations 

temporary agency tasked with being the executive authority in handing Papua back to Indonesia 

on May 1, 1963 and officially only in 1969, after the results of the People's Consultation 

(Pepera) were ratified through UN Resolution No. 2504 of 1969. This historical difference has 

caused Papua to experience the sowing of nationalism that is different from other regions in 

Indonesia (Anriani, 2021). Against this background and different arguments, of course there 



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Almuchalif Suryo, Samuel Lumban Toruan, Adnan Majid, Joni Widjayanto 
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People 
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are different views between existing history and Papuan nationalists and some native Papuans 

(Suropati, 2019). This condition certainly affects the Papuan people towards adjusting the 

system of national government, economy, development, social and culture as well as other 

nationally applicable systems with other regions in Indonesia. 

 

 

Special Autonomy 

To catch up, various efforts have been made by the Government with the enactment of 

Law No. 21 of 2001 concerning Special Autonomy (Otsus) for the Province of Papua. The 

Special Autonomy Development approach is prioritized with affirmative principles, namely 

protection, partiality, empowerment of Indigenous Papuans (OAP) (Katharina, 2019). The 

enactment of the law is accompanied by a number of hopes; the guerrilla armed separatist 

groups are expected to disband by themselves because they all return to the Republic of 

Indonesia and build their villages; no more Papuans carrying out campaigns to separate 

themselves from Indonesia abroad because native Papuans are protected, empowered, and 

guaranteed for their present and future survival within the Unitary State of the Republic of 

Indonesia; there are no more OAPs who are still refugees in PNG because all of them have 

returned to Papua, and no political resistance groups have emerged, because they all welcomed 

Otsus with joy (Gere, 2017). 

The Papua special autonomy policy, which was promulgated through Law 21 of 2001, 

has many important and fundamental differences compared to the regional autonomy law that 

applies to other regions. This law is a very important and fundamental political compromise 

and is intended to respond to demands for independence in Papua. The drafting process itself 

was very participatory, through consultation with various stakeholders in Papua and quite 

intense discussions among the drafting team in Papua to then be brought into the DPR's 

legislation process in Jakarta (Muttaqin, 2011). The important substances of the special 

autonomy policy are; First, the implementation of government decentralization. Second, 

protection of the basic rights of indigenous Papuans. Third, democracy and democratic 

maturity. Fourth, respect for ethics and morals. Fifth, respect for human rights. Sixth, 

enforcement of the rule of law. Seventh, respect for pluralism. Eighth, equality of position, 

rights and obligations as citizens (Mutaqqin, 2011). 

In general, it can be said that the Special Autonomy Law at the level of normative ideas 

is ideal. This should be able to respond to the demands of the secessionist movement and the 

spirit of Papuan nationalism, as well as reduce pressure from other demands. The gap between 

normative ideas and reality may arise due to implementation that has not been implemented 

effectively. During the 20 years that this law has been implemented, it turns out that the results 

have not shown encouraging performance for solving the Papua problem. Movements critical 

of various issues in Papua, such as protests against alleged human rights violations, accusations 

of marginalization of native Papuans, have not stopped altogether. Some people see that special 

autonomy is not a satisfactory answer to their problems and desires. This critical attitude was 

carried out by various groups with diverse backgrounds, both indigenous peoples, intellectuals 

and other sectors, including students. 



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Almuchalif Suryo, Samuel Lumban Toruan, Adnan Majid, Joni Widjayanto 
Applying the Trikora Spirit in Public Administration Practices to Build the Welfare of the Papuan 

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Implementation of Special Autonomy 

The problem of implementing Otsus is felt to be very complex, not only regarding the 

issue of the articles but also the institutionalization process. Central and regional governments 

and other stakeholders in Papua are required to be able to move quickly in responding and 

addressing the complexities of Papua's problems by taking advantage of the development of 

Papua's current civilization which is increasingly advanced with the increasing quality of OAP 

human resources (Asaribab, 2020). Therefore, in responding to demands for the Papua Special 

Autonomy issue, Law 2/2021 as the second amendment to Law 21/2001 looks more 

comprehensive compared to the first amendment through Law 35/2008. It is hoped that the 

presence of Law 2/2021 will be able to improve Otsus even though the process and contents of 

the changes seem to have not fully touched the spirit of Otsus as an instrument of conflict 

resolution (LIPI, 2021).  

From the results of the evaluation, weak governance and weak supervision of the 

management of the Papua special autonomy fund and the absence of a grand design for Papua's 

development through Otsus have resulted in the distribution of funds and development not 

being on target (Katharina, 2019). In addition, Law No. 21 of 2001 also does not regulate 

parties who evaluate the implementation of Special Autonomy so that the problems of budget 

accountability and transparency cannot be resolved. Meanwhile, from a security standpoint, as 

long as Special Autonomy is implemented, until now there are still minor disturbances in the 

security sector which, if left unchecked, have the potential to disrupt the continuation of 

development in Papua.  

There are at least two fundamental problems why Otsus cannot work properly to meet 

the demands of the Papuan people. The first problem shows the unstable and effective 

institutionalization process. The institutionalization process here shows how the performance 

of the Special Autonomy institutions is in relation to changes or sustainability of structures, 

their relations with related external institutions, and the dynamics of relations between actors 

within the internal institutions. Meanwhile, the second problem is more indicative of the 

operationalization of the provisions contained in Law 21/2001 which seem to be experiencing 

inconsistencies and distortions (LIPI, 2021). 

During the implementation of Otsus from 2001 to 2021, the government issued various 

regulations to strengthen the implementation of the Special Autonomy, such as INPRES No. 5 

of 2007 concerning the Acceleration of the Development of the Provinces of Papua and West 

Papua, PERPRES 65/2011 concerning the Acceleration of the Development of Papua & West 

Papua, PERPRES 66/2011 concerning the Unit for the Acceleration of the Development of 

Papua and West Papua (UP4B), INPRES 9/2017 concerning the Acceleration of the 

Development of Papua & Welfare West Papua, PERPRES 17/2019 concerning Procurement 

of Government Goods & Services for the Acceleration of Papua & West Papua Welfare 

Development, KEPPRES No 20 of 2020 concerning the establishment of an Integrated 

Coordinating Team for the Acceleration of Papua & West Papua Welfare Development, 

INPRES 9/2020 concerning the Acceleration of Papua & West Papua Welfare Development 

West Papua, PP 106 of 2021 concerning Authority & Institutional Implementation of the Papua 



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Almuchalif Suryo, Samuel Lumban Toruan, Adnan Majid, Joni Widjayanto 
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Special Autonomy Policy, PP 107/2021 concerning Acceptance, Management, Supervision & 

Master Plan for Implementation of Papua's Special Autonomy. 

These regulations also contain development programs in Papua by Ministries and 

Agencies spread across provinces/districts/cities, but the impression is that they are not well 

coordinated (Katharina, 2019). It is time for all these programs to be properly coordinated so 

that concrete and appropriate steps can be found for each K/L to be implemented in each 

district/city which has different situations and problems. The government once issued 

PERPRES 66/2011 concerning the Unit for the Acceleration of Development in Papua and 

West Papua (UP4B) which is tasked with assisting the President in supporting coordination 

and synchronization of planning, facilitating and controlling the implementation of the 

Acceleration of Development in Papua and West Papua Provinces. This unit did not continue 

after the replacement national leadership from President SBY to President Jokowi. 

President Jokowi then also issued KEPPRES No. 20 of 2020 concerning the 

establishment of the Integrated Coordinating Team for the Acceleration of Welfare 

Development in Papua & West Papua which has the task of implementing policies to accelerate 

welfare development in Papua and West Papua Provinces to realize the people of Papua 

Province and West Papua Province who are advanced, prosperous. , peaceful and dignified. 

Continuation of this Team still needs to be synchronized with the issuance of Law Number 2 

of 2021 concerning the second Amendment to Law Number 21 of 2001 concerning Special 

Autonomy for the Province of Papua which mandates the establishment of a Special Agency. 

 

Formation of BP3OKP 

From a regulatory perspective, learn from the previous Law, so that Otsus can be right 

on target, Law Number 2 of 2021, the Government made two Government Regulations (PP), 

namely PP No. 106 of 2021 concerning Authority and Institutional Implementation of the 

Papua Special Autonomy Policy and PP No. 107 of 2021 concerning Acceptance, 

Management, Supervision, and the Master Plan for the Acceleration of Development in the 

Context of Implementation of Special Autonomy for the Province of Papua. In addition, Article 

68 A states that in the context of synchronization, harmonization, evaluation and coordination 

of the implementation of Special Autonomy and development in the Papua region, a Special 

Agency has been established which is directly responsible to the President. This body is chaired 

by the Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia. This article was then followed up with the 

establishment of the Steering Committee for the Acceleration of Development of Special 

Autonomy for Papua (BP3OKP) through PERPRES NO. 121/2022 regarding BP3OKP. This 

agency has the task of carrying out synchronization, harmonization, evaluation and 

coordination of accelerated development and implementation of Special Autonomy in the 

Papua region in accordance with statutory provisions. Position and duties. The position, duties 

of the Integrated Coordination Team and BP3OKP can be explained as follows: 

  



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Table 1.  

Comparison of the Integrated Coordination Team and BP3OKP 

No Team/Agency Base Organization structure Task 

1 Integrated 

Coordinating 

Team for the 

Acceleration of 

Papua & West 

Papua Welfare 

Development 

Presidential 

Decree No 20 

of 2020 

I.  Steering Board 

1. Chair: Vice President 

Member: 

a. Coordinating 
Minister for Political, 

Legal and Security 

Affairs 

b. Coordinating 
Minister for the 

Economy 

c. Coordinating PMK 
Minister 

d. Coordinating 
Minister for 

Maritime Affairs 

e. Minister of Finance 
f. Minister of Home 

Affairs 

g. Office of the 
Presidential Staff 

2.  Daily Chair 

concurrently member: 

Minister Peren Bang 

Nas/Head of Bappenas 

II. Steering Team 

1.  Chairman: Middle 

Ministry Senior Official 

Bang Nas actor/ 

Bappenas 

 

2. Member: 

a. Acting Madya Pimti 

     Kemenko Polhukam, 

b. Acting Pimti Madya 

Coordinating Ministry 

for the Economy; 

Carrying out policies 

to accelerate welfare 

development in the 

Province Papua and 

West Papua Province 

to make it happen 

the people of Papua 

and West Papua 

Provinces who are 

advanced, 

prosperous, peaceful 

and dignified. 



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Almuchalif Suryo, Samuel Lumban Toruan, Adnan Majid, Joni Widjayanto 
Applying the Trikora Spirit in Public Administration Practices to Build the Welfare of the Papuan 

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No Team/Agency Base Organization structure Task 

c. Acting Principal of the 

Ministry of Coordinating 

Ministry of PMK 

d. Pj Pimti Madya 

Coordinating Ministry 

for Maritime Affairs 

e. Acting Principal of the 

Ministry of Finance; 

f.  Acting Principal of the 

Ministry of Home 

Affairs 

g. Acting equivalent to 

Acting Pj Madya KSP 

h. Governor of Papua 

Province 

i.  Governor of West 

Papua Province. 

2 Steering 

Committee for 

the Acceleration 

of Development 

of Special 

Autonomy for 

Papua 

(BP3OKP) 

Presidential 

Decree No. 121 

Year 2022 

Chairman: Vice 

President; 

Member: 

1. Minister of Home 
Affairs 

2. Minister of National 
Development 

Planning 

3. Minister of Finance 
4. One (1) 

representative from 

each province in 

Papua Province. 

Carry out 

synchronization, 

harmonization, 

evaluation and 

coordination of 

accelerated 

development and 

implementation of 

Special Autonomy in 

the Papua region in 

accordance with 

statutory provisions. 

Source: KEPPRES No. 20 of 2020 and PERPRES NO. 121/2022 

The two organizations have different membership structures but the tasks are in sync. 

It is hoped that the two stakeholders will not overlap in carrying out their duties because it will 

have a counter-productive impact and the results will be less than optimal. In PERPRES NO. 

121/2022 regarding BP3OKP there is no clause stating that the Integrated Coordinating Team 

ends its duties with the formation of this Agency. 

One of the concerns during the 20 years of implementing the Special Autonomy Law 

is that there are still security disturbances by the Papuan Armed Separatist Group. The intensity 

of the Papuan separatist conflict which tends to increase shows that the Special Autonomy 

policy for resolving the Papuan conflict is ineffective (LIPI, 2021). The Commander of the 

Indonesian Armed Forces, General TNI Andika, stated that there was overlap in the 



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implementation of operations in Papua and that it was immediately corrected so that all of them 

were in a single command unit. The TNI uses a new approach in tackling security disturbances 

in Papua, namely through a territorial approach and a social approach (Andika, 2021). The 

government has decided that the settlement of the Papua problem will be carried out through a 

welfare development approach. The TNI is ready to support government policies in developing 

welfare in Papua (Andika, 2022). 

If we look at the organizational structure of BP3OKP, which only involves three 

ministries, namely the Ministry of Home Affairs, the Ministry of National Development 

Planning/Bappenas, the Ministry of Finance and representatives from each province, the tasks 

and challenges in accelerating welfare development in Papua are very heavy, including in 

coordinating security issues. What's more, the Government recently formed four new 

provinces, three new provinces which are divisions of West Papua Province through Law 

Number 14 of 2022 concerning the Formation of South Papua Province, Law Number 15 of 

2022 concerning the Formation of Central Papua Province, and Law Number 16 2022 

concerning the Formation of the Papua Mountains Province. Meanwhile, one new province is 

the result of division from West Papua Province, namely Southwest Papua Province, whose 

bill has just been passed into law on the Seventeenth of November 2022. 

Many parties are pessimistic about the existence of BP3OKP (Yorrys, 2022). This 

agency reminds that the Unit that was created by UP4B has a similar goal, namely its essence 

as an effort to communicate and accelerate development in Papua. UP4B is considered 

ineffective, because it does not touch the roots of Papua's problems, the same is the case with 

BP3OKP which is considered not to touch the roots of Papua's problems. This is in line with 

what was conveyed by LIPI that the continuation of the implementation of Special Autonomy 

is not easy, because the substance of Special Autonomy in Law No. 2 of 2021 has not touched 

on what is at the root of Papua's problems (LIPI, 2021). According to LIPI, the four roots of 

the problem are development failure, marginalization and discrimination of indigenous 

Papuans, state violence and accusations of human rights violations, as well as the history and 

political status of the Papua region (LIPI, 2008). Viewing Papua holistically, integrally and 

comprehensively would be better, than looking at Papua only from its skin only for political 

interests and even for ceremonial purposes (Asaribab, 2020).   

In order for the program to accelerate welfare development in Papua to be achieved 

immediately, it is necessary to continue the Trikora spirit by mobilizing all available national 

resources and one command to unite all forms of effort to create a safe, peaceful and prosperous 

and independent Papua. BP3OKP needs to involve all available national resources, because the 

problems in Papua are not only concerned with the development of physical infrastructure, 

governance and finance, but also cultural readiness which in fact always becomes 

psychological obstacles in responding to various problems. BP3OKP requires a bottom-up 

strategy in gathering information about how the community responds to existing problems and 

the acceleration of development they feel. 

On the other hand, security disturbances still occur in several areas in Papua, and efforts 

to resolve them have consequences for the community who continue to question the violence 

that occurred and allegations of human rights violations. In other words, accelerated 

development is not correlated effectively and is relevant and efficient in society, especially at 



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Almuchalif Suryo, Samuel Lumban Toruan, Adnan Majid, Joni Widjayanto 
Applying the Trikora Spirit in Public Administration Practices to Build the Welfare of the Papuan 

People 
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the grassroots level. Therefore, it is necessary to reconsider the BP3OKP work design so that 

it involves all national resources which include elements of the Political, Legal and Security 

Affairs including OAP elements, not only that each province appoints one person as in the 

existing Decree, but also involves the role of people's representatives in Central and Regional, 

MRP and indigenous peoples in the process. 

 

Conclusion 

From the description and review that has been described above, it can be concluded as 

follows; the process of accelerating welfare development in Papua cannot be carried out by 

only certain nomenclature, but must also involve all national resources as was done during 

Trikora to seize West Irian. In addition, so that the implementation does not appear to overlap, 

all of the nomenclature is under a single command unit. If in the past it was done to seize West 

Irian, now it is to win the hearts and sympathy of the Papuan people so that they can create a 

safe, peaceful and prosperous and independent Papua.  

From the problems that exist with the not yet optimal implementation of Otsus in Papua, 

it is suggested that all potential national resources are involved to address existing problems, 

including the root causes of Papua's problems. The complexity and severity of challenges to 

implementing Otsus in Papua must begin with the determination and courage of all parties to 

act "out of the box", not only normative in developing Papua. Therefore, in order to avoid 

overlapping in the implementation of Otsus and the command unit, it is necessary to clarify the 

continuation of the Papua Integrated Coordinating Team so that it does not overlap with the 

tasks carried out by BP3OKP. BP3OKP membership apart from the existing elements, needs 

to be expanded to involve elements of the Political, Legal and Security Affairs as well as 

indigenous peoples. 

 

 

 

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