45 RAINBOW 3 (1) (2014) Rainbow: Journal of Literature, Linguistics and Cultural Studies http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/rainbow GREEK AND ROMAN MYTHOLOGIES’ CHARACTERIZATIONS AS SIGN ASSOCIATED WITH ROWLING’S HARRY POTTER AND THE SORCERER’S STONE Karina Hanum Luthfia  English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Semarang, Indonesia Article Info ________________ Article History: Received in April 2014 Approved in May 2014 Published in June 2014 ________________ Keywords: Greek and Roman Mythologies, Semiotics, Characterization. ____________________ Abstract ___________________________________________________________________ The objective of the study are to outline the characterization of Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone reflecting on Greek and Roman mythologies’ characterizations, to find out Greek and Roman mythologies’ characterizations associated with Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone, and to explain the author’s idea expressions in revealing the revival of Greek and Roman mythologies associated with the novel. The research methodology used the descriptive research. Descriptive research can be used to identify and classify the elements or characteristics of a subject. Quantitative technique are most used to collect, analyze, and summarize data. For instance: the analysis of symbolism. The results of the research are that Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone characterization was considered as the sign to the Greek and Roman mythologies’ characterizations, the characterization on Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone was associated with the characterization on Greek and Roman mythologies, and Rowling conveyed her ideas that were expressed in delivering the mythologies. The Rowling’s ideas expressed in the characterization naming, the characterization development on Greek and Roman mythologies, and in her personal life. © 2014 Universitas Negeri Semarang  Correspondent Address: B3 Building FBS Unnes Sekaran, Gunungpati, Semarang, 50229 E-mail: kotaksurat_karina@yahoo.com ISSN 2252-6463 Karina Hanum Luthfia / Rainbow: Journal of Literature, Linguistics and Cultural Studies 3 (1) (2014) 46 INTRODUCTION The researcher raised up the title of Greek and Roman Mythologies’ Characterization as Sign Associated with Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone based on the background of the study. First, it was because the novel had been published on several countries and become a best seller novel. However, the novel had ever faced an obstacle that this novel was considered as a bad novel to children due it though children about witchcraft and wizardry. Second, it was because the novel is unique that Rowling put not only human as the characters, but also non-human characters which are magical creatures and resident ghosts. Last, the novel what was published on the modern era revealing a new atmosphere, Greek and Roman mythologies. The mythologies themselves were considered as the Origin of mythology in European literature. In addition, the research, Greek and Roman Mythologies’ Characterization as Sign Associated with Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone, has not been analyzed yet. In conducting the research, the researcher had already provided three research questions. They would become the main point in the research. First, What are the characterizations existing on Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone? Second, What are the characterizations on Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone associated with Greek and Roman mythologies? Last, What are Rowling’s idea expressed in the revival of Greek and Roman mythologies associated with the characterization on Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone? The objective of the study is to reveal the values of Greek and Roman mythologies which were depicted on Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone. The aim was conducted in form of some objectives which are 1. To outline the characterization of the novel reflecting on Greek and Roman mythologies’ characterization. 2. To find out Greek and Roman mythologies characterization associated with the novel characterization. 3. To explain the Rowling’s ideas expressed in revealing the revival of Greek and Roman mythologies associated with the novel. Later, the researcher was going to conduct the significance of the study. There were some significances on the study, as follow 1. The research can develop the knowledge of literature field. 2. For practical condition, the researcher can take the advantages of the collecting research data to enrich the knowledge of literature studies. 3. From the research, the reader can know how the condition of Greek and Roman mythologies were. 4. The study can also be considered as a reference to student literature program to analyze literary works using semiotic approach. 5. The result of the study hopefully will be useful for both the readers and the researcher in analyzing the Greek and Roman mythologies in the following time. The research methodology was going to be conducted into research design, research instrument, procedure of collecting data and the last is procedure of analyzing data. The type of the research was a descriptive qualitative research. In the research, there were two kind of sources which were primary and secondary sources. The researcher used the approach of Roland Barthes as myth in a semiological system. In the research, the researcher had a role of data collector, data organizer, data analyzer, and data interpreter. Then, the research was systematically organized, as follow 1. Chapter I presents introduction consists of background of the study, reason for choosing the topic, statement of the problem, objective Karina Hanum Luthfia / Rainbow: Journal of Literature, Linguistics and Cultural Studies 3 (1) (2014) 47 of the study, significance of the study, and outline of the report. 2. Chapter II outlines review of related literature including research study, novel, Greek and Roman mythologies, semiotics in mythology, J.K. Rowling’s biography, theoretical framework, and summary of the novel. 3. Chapter III caries research methodology providing research instrument, procedure of collecting data, and procedure of analyzing data. 4. Chapter IV presents the analysis and discussion. They were the characterization on Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone, the characterization on the novel associated with the mythologies, and Rowling’s ideas expressed in the research. 5. Chapter V presents some conclusions and suggestion. RESULT OF ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION The research focused on the connection between the characterization on the novel, and Greek and Roman mythologies. It was also considered as an evidence that Rowling had revived the antiquity and origin in literature to the post war or modern era. The results were going to be conducted in form of explanation as there are fifteen signification found on the research. 4.1 THE CHARACTERIZATION ON HARRY POTTER AND THE SORCERER’S STONE There were 98 characterizations on the novel which had been found. On this explanation, the researcher was going to mention the name of the characters only. They were going to be shared in form of numbering system, as follow 1. Harry Potter 50. Terry Boot 2. Ronald Weasley 51. Justin Flitch Fletchley 3. Hermione Granger 52. Mandy Brocklehurst 4. Albus Dumbledore 53. Millicent Bullstrode 5. Rubeus Hagrid 54. Morag McDougal 6. Minerva McGonagall 55. Lisa Turpin 7. Lord Voldemort 56. Blaise Zabini 8. Quirinus Quirrell 57. Bill Weasley 9. Severus Snape 58. Mr. Ollivander 10. Nicholas Flamel 59. Daedalus Diggle 11. Perenelle Flamel 60. Sirius Black 12. Draco Malfoy 61. Doris Crockford 13. Madam Hooch 62. Marge Dursley 14. Madam Pomfrey 63. Mrs. Figg 15. Madam Pince 64. Piers Polkies 16. Argus Flich 65. Gryffindor 17. Prof. Sprout 66. Ravenclaw 18. Prof. Binns 67. Hufflepuff 19. Prof. Flitwick 68. Slytherin 20. Cornelius Fudge 69. Dennis 21. James Potter 70. Malcolm 22. Lily Potter 71. Gordon 23. Vernon Dursley 72. Madam Malkin 24. Petunia Dursley 73. Prof Vindictus Viridian Karina Hanum Luthfia / Rainbow: Journal of Literature, Linguistics and Cultural Studies 3 (1) (2014) 48 25. Dudley Dursley 74. Miranda Goshawk 26. Neville Longbottom 75. Bathilda Bagshot 27. Fred and George Weasley 76. Adalbert Waffling 28. Percy Weasley 77. Emetic Switch 29. Charlie Weasley 78. Phyllida Spore 30. Lee Jordan 79. Arsenius Jigger 31. Oliver Wood 80. Newt Scamander 32. Marcus Flint 81. Quentin Trimble 33. Angelina Johnson 82. Centaurs 34. Alicia Spinet 83. Peeves 35. Katie Bell 84. Unicorn 36. Terence Higgs 85. Fluffy 37. Adrian Pucey 86. Norbert 38. Kevin Bletchley 87.Nicholas de Mimsy Porpington 39. Mrs. Weasley 88. Bloody Baron 40. Ginny Weasley 89. Goblin 41. Seamus Finnigan 90. Phoenix 42. Hannah Abbott 91. Troll 43. Dean Thomas 92. Vampire 44. Parvati Patil 93. Fat Friar 45. Lavender Brown 94. Hedwig 46. Gregory Goyle 95. Hermes 47. Vincent Crabbe 96. Trevor 48. Pansy Parkinson 97. Scabbers 49. Susan Bones 98. Moaning Myrtle 4.2 THE CHARACTERIZATION ON HARRY POTTER AND THE SORCERER’S STONE ASSOCIATED WITH GREEK AND ROMAN MYTHOLOGIES Harry Potter was associated with god Zeus, Harry Potter was the main character in the novel. The researcher had found some characteristics of Harry Potter that he had a thunderbolt lighting scar on his forehead. It was his symbol in associating with god Zeus who also had the symbol of thunder and light. Harry Potter is also well-known as a courageous, ingenious, and intelligent boy. He is also humble and friendly to everyone. However, he was poor that he was abandoned by his parents due to death which made him neglected. Last, Harry Potter was considered as the protector of magic world against the dark Lord. He ever took an underground adventure and battle. On the other side, god Zeus was characterized as the protector of the society and god of battle. Zeus was also symbolized by a thunder and light. The same story with Harry Potter, in childhood, Zeus was threatened in danger which made him move to Mount Ida. As the protector of the society, Zeus had ever taken the underworld adventure and battle against Cronus. The explanation above was considered as a signifier and signified object between Harry Potter and god Zeus. Hence, the researcher took a conclusion of the connection which is called as a signification. The signification was going to be mentioned below in form of numbering in order to make it understandable. 1. Harry Potter and god Zeus had concept of thunderbolt and light. Karina Hanum Luthfia / Rainbow: Journal of Literature, Linguistics and Cultural Studies 3 (1) (2014) 49 2. Harry Potter and god Zeus were considered as the protector of the society. 3. In childhood, Harry Potter and god Zeus were threatened in danger of a murder. 4. Harry Potter and god Zeus had ever taken the underworld/underground adventure and battle. Minerva McGonagall was associated with Minerva of Rome, Minerva McGonagall was the headmistress of Hogwarts School. She was considered as the right hand of Dumbledore. Mc.Gonagall was a transformational witch who tought transformation class. She was strict, submissive, obedient, wise, and fair woman. Thus, she was respected and honoured by people surround her. In addition, Minerva McGonagall was an intelligent and educated woman. The character of Minerva McGonagall was associated with Minerva of Rome. Minerva of Rome herself was considered as the member of Archaic and Capitoline triad. She was an intelligent woman too, as she was considered as the goddess of education to Roman worshiper. Minerva of Rome with all of her position was honoured and respected by roman beside of her wisdom. According to the data above, the researcher achieved a signification of the connection between Minerva McGonagall and Minerva of Roma, as follow 1. Minerva McGonagall and Minerva of Rome were considered as high-level woman in their own authorities. 2. Minerva McGonagall and Minerva of Rome were educated women. 3. Minerva McGonagall and Minerva of Rome were honoured and respected due to their wisdoms. Quirinus Quirrell was associated with Janus Quirinus, Quirinus Quirrell was the teacher of Defense Against the Dark Art. He was pity, greedy, cruel and harmful man. However, he was kind and loyal to his master, Lord Voldemort. Quirinus Quirrell was considered as a man with two faces because in his back head, it was dwelled the soul of Voldemort. In the story, he was the connector of the underground as he was the one who tried to steal the sorcerer’s stone. The characterization of Quirinus Quirrell was associated with Janus Quirinus in Roman mythology. Janus Quirinus was depicted as two- faced or two-headed man. He was also depicted as the guardian of the underworld’s gates. Also, he was considered as the connector. Thus, the researcher took a signification of Quirinus Quirrell and Janus Quirinus that they were considered as men with two faces. They were also considered as the connectors of the underworld/underground. Argus Filch was associated with Argus, Argus Filch was the caretaker of Hogwarts School. He was strict, severe, and old. However, he was also a wise man. Argus Filch had a role to keep an eye on students’ business which made him considered as a man with one hundred eyes. In Greek mythology, Argus was considered as as a giant with 100 eyes. His eyes were meant to keep something particularly. It was proved by his role which was set by goddess Hera to watch over the maiden lo. According to the characterizations of Argus Filch and Argus in Greek mythology, the signification was going to be revealed as follow, 1. Argus Filch and Argus were set to be the caretaker and meant to watch over the maiden lo. 2. Argus Filch and Argus were reflected having a hundred eyes. 3. Argus Filch and Argus had a role under someone else order. Argus Filch belonged to Dumbledore, while Argus belonged to goddess Hera. Daedalus Diggle was associated with Daedalus, Daedalus Diggle was the man whom Harry Potter met in the Leaky Cauldron. He was so polite man. In the beginning of the story, Daedalus Karina Hanum Luthfia / Rainbow: Journal of Literature, Linguistics and Cultural Studies 3 (1) (2014) 50 Diggle was suspected as the one who had made the shooting stars in the night of Voldemort fall. Then, Daedalus in Greek mythology was an artist who had designed the labyrinth of king Minos palace. The signification of both Daedalus was that Daedalus Diggle and Daedalus in Greek mythology were considered as an artist. Daedalus Diggle represented the art in form of a shooting stars, when Daedalus of Athens represented the art in form of a labyrinth. Pomona Sprout was associated with Pomona, Pomona Sprout was the herbology teacher in Hogwarts School. She appeared as a dumpty and little witch. In Roman mythology, Pomona was considered as the goddess of trees and fruit. The name in Latin meant fruit or apple. She was able to influence the growing season of spring and the changing of the trees in autumn. The signification which was found by the researcher was that Pomona Sprout characterization was associated with Pomona of Rome as the plantation expert. Pomona Sprout was the Herbology teacher, while Pomona of Rome was considered as the goddess of trees and fruits. Doris Crockford was associated with Doris. There is a connection between those characterizations in naming system. Thus, there was a signifier and signified object of the characterization. However, there was no significance found. It was due the characterization of Doris Crockford in the novel was not well developed. Marcus Flint was associated with Mars, Marcus Flint was the captain Quidditch of Slytherin house. He was so tricky in playing Quidditch, also unfair. Thus, he was considered as a trouble maker in the society. It was associated to Mars of Rome who was considered as a god of war. It meant that Mars was spreading chaos all over the society. Sirius Black was associated with Sirius, Sirius had not had a direct action in the novel. He was the one who had lent his motorcycle to Rubeus Hagrid in the night of the Dark Lord fall. In Greek mythology, Sirius was associated with the god of god stars. The data above is not enough to create a signification because the characterization development of Sirius Black was so limited. Thus, the researcher decided that there was no any significance found. Centaurs were associated with Centaurs, Centaurs was a magical creature. The appearance of a Centaurs were that a man to the waist and a horse below. He was considered as a fortune teller who was able to read a sign on the sky, the moon, and the stars. He was supposed to be very useful in a life mystery. However, he was so mysterious and close creature. In Greek mythology, Centaurs were creature of half human and half horse. They were sons of Centaurus. Also, they were considered as fortune teller. Phoenix was associated with Phoenix, Phoenix was a magical creature whose tail and fur were used in magic wand making. Phoenix was associated with Phoenix in Greek mythology. Phoenix was the son of Agenor he was ordered to look for his sister, Europa, before he got lost. Because of the limited data, there was no significance on both characters which was able to be associated with. Fluffy was associated with Cerberus, Fluffy was a magical creature belonged to Hagrid. He was a dog within three heads. He had a role in guarding the underground world where the sorcerer’s stone was being kept. The only thing which can handle Fluffy was a music performance. Cerberus, the associated character of Fluffy, was a three-headed dog. He belonged to Hades to protect the underworld. He was fearsome creature. However, music and offering of food calmed him. According to the data above, the significance of both characters is that Fluffy was able to be associated with Cerberus in Greek mythology. Those characters had the same appearance as three- headed dog. They were also the guardian of underworld/underground. They were able to be calmed down by music performance too. Last, both magical creatures were not a wild creatures because Karina Hanum Luthfia / Rainbow: Journal of Literature, Linguistics and Cultural Studies 3 (1) (2014) 51 they belonged to someone else. Fluffy belonged to Hagrid, when Cerberus belonged to god Hades. Hermes was associated with Hermes, Hermes on the novel was an owl that belonged to Percy Weasley as a prefect reward. As an owl, Hermes had a role in sending a mail through the witch and wizard. In Greek mythology, Hermes was the winged messenger of Greek gods and goddess. He was the son of Zeus and Maia. The significance was found that both Hermes were considered as a mail messenger. Vampire was associated with Ambrogio, Vampire was a magical creature. It was mentioned in Quirinus Quirrell’s class as a suspect of the reason why Quirinus Quirrell smelled bad like a garlic. Vampire was also considered as a blood sucker. In Greek mythology, the associative character with vampire was Ambrogio. Ambrogio was cursed by Apollo because of his love elegy. Thus he could not face the sun shine. He was also achieved a mortality. Then, when his wife was dead, Ambrogio tried to share his mortality by biting his wife in order to suck her blood and give his. Hence, Ambrogio was considered as the first blood sucker. Dragon was associated with Lacon, Dragon was a magical creature. It was poisonous and wild animal. In Grongott Bank of Magic, dragon was ordered to guard the bank (as a guardian). Lacon, in Greek mythology, was the dragon who guarded the garden where the apples of Hesperides kept. The signification of dragon and Lacon was that both characters were considered as the guardian of certain place and thing. 4.3 ROWLIGN’S IDEAS EXPRESSED IN THE REVIVAL OF GREEK AND ROMAN MYTHOLOGIES ASSOCIATED WITH THE CHARACTERIZATION ON HARRY POTTER AND THE SORCERER’S STONE There were three Rowling’s ideas expressed on the novel characterization system. The ultimate aim is to revive Greek and Roman mythologies’ characterization to the reader. Here, the researcher had concluded the way Rowling delivered the characterization system. 1. Rowling put the characterization of Greek and Roman mythologies to the characterization on the novel. 2. Rowling put the name of Greek and Roman deities to be taken as the first name of the characters on the novel. 3. Last, Rowling put her personal experience in the naming system of the character. CONCLUSSION After analyzing Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone novel in the previous discussion, the researcher was going to draw some conclusions. First, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone characterization was considered as the sign to Greek and Roman mythologies’ characterizations. It was depicted on some characterizations on Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone novel reflecting on Greek and Roman mythologies. Second, the characterization on Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone was associated with the characterization on Greek and Roman mythologies. The characterization was delivered in form of characterization development by Rowling. Third, the researcher assumed that Rowling meant to revive the mythologies of Greek and Roman to children as a new born literary atmosphere in the modern era. She delivered the moral values or the cultures of Greek and Roman mythologies into a new form of characterization which was meant to be the media or connector between the mythologies and the children as the readers. There were two ideas expressions of Rowling in delivering the mythologies. First, she conveyed in form of characterization naming. Second, she revealed of the characterization development on Greek and Roman deities. In addition, the researcher also found that Rowling tried to share about her personal life into the novel. BIBLIOGRAPHY Karina Hanum Luthfia / Rainbow: Journal of Literature, Linguistics and Cultural Studies 3 (1) (2014) 52 Abrams, M.H. 2009. A Glossary of Literary Terms, Boston: Wadsworth Publishing Anderson, D. and friends. 2010. The Story of Literature from Antiquity to the Present, Postdam: H.F. Ullmann. Atsma, A.J. (nd.) Aster Sirius, Greek god of dog-star. Online at http://www.theoi.com/ Titan/Asterseirios.html Barthes, R. 1991. Mythologies, New York: The Noonday Press. Daly, K.N. 2009. Greek and Roman Mythology A to Z, New York: Chelsea House. Graves, R. 1960. The Greek Myths 1, London: Penguin Books. Kappako, M. (2013) The Legend of the Vampire Script online at Kappako, M. 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