Wulan Agustina REGISTER, Vol. 8, No. 1, June 2015 113 The Types of Cohesion Used in the ‘Issues of the Day’ Strip in the Jakarta Post Wulan Agustina Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) YASINTA Salatiga anitsuganaluw@gmail.com Abstract This study is aimed at describing discourse studies especially at cohesion from reader’s opinion strip. This is literary research, so the writer uses descriptive qualitative approach. In this research, documentation and note taking technique are used to collect the data. There are two objectives of the research: 1) to carry out the types of grammatical cohesion used in the “Issues of the Day” strip in The Jakarta Post on March 2012 edition and 2) to find out the types of lexical cohesion used in the “Issues of The Day” strip in The Jakarta Post on March 2012 edition. After investigating the English sentences used in the “Issues of the Day” strip in The Jakarta Post on March 2012 edition, the writer found several findings as follows: 1) based on the analysis of grammatical cohesion, the writer found there are references, substitutions, ellipsis, and conjunctions; 2) based on the analysis of lexical cohesion, the writer found repetitions, synonyms, hyponyms, meronyms, antonyms, and collocations. The writer expects that it is able to contribute the science of linguistic and able to be guidance for all readers. Keywords: cohesion, ‘Issues of the Day’ strip mailto:anitsuganaluw@gmail.com The Types of Cohesion Used in the ‘Issues of the Day’ Strip in the Jakarta Post 114 REGISTER, Vol. 8, No. 1, June 2015 Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan studi wacana terutama pada kohesi dari kolom pendapat para pembaca. Ini adalah penelitian sastra, sehingga penulis menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan teknik pencatatan dan pendokumentasian untuk mengumpulkan data. Ada dua tujuan dari penelitian ini: 1) menemukan tipe-tipe kohesi gramatikal yang digunakan para pembaca di kolom ‘Issues of the Day’ pada harian The Jakarta Post edisi Maret 2012 dan 2) menemukan tipe-tipe kohesi leksikal yang digunakan para pembaca di kolom ‘Issues of the Day’ pada harian The Jakarta Post edisi Maret 2012. Setelah melakukan pengkajian kalimat berbahasa Inggris pada kolom ‘Issues of the Day’ edisi Maret 2012, penulis menemukan beberapa temuan sebagai berikut: 1) berdasarkan analisis kohesi gramatikal, penulis menemukan adanya referen, substitusi, ellipsis, dan konjungsi; 2) berdasarkan analisis kohesi leksikal, penulis menemukan adanya repetisi, sinonim, hiponim, meronim, antonim, dan kolokasi. Penulis berharap bahwa kajian ini dapat memberikan sumbangsih terhadap ilmu kebahasaan dan menjadi acuan bagi para pembaca. Kata kunci : Kohesi, Kolom ‘Issues of the Day’ Introduction Writing is a process of expressing ideas or thoughts through words. Someone produces something in written form so that people can read, perform, or use it. People are encouraged to ensure a text flow through a sequence of sentences when present their ideas in writing tasks. Thus, writers’ should be directed to the ideas they wish to express, as well as the sentences they use to express those ideas. Sentences need to be connected to each other. If ideas or sentences are simply juxtaposed without being related to one another, it will be difficult or impossible for the reader to understand the sequence. For enhancing the connectedness of sentences in a text, writers may use “cohesion” to join ideas between sentences to create texture (Halliday and Hasan, 1976: 4). Wulan Agustina REGISTER, Vol. 8, No. 1, June 2015 115 People are demanded to understand to read, and to create coherent texts. In order to achieve it, the readers must be able to interpret the semantic relation in the text. It is necessary for a writer to master the concept of written text and the use of semantic relation through grasp of their linguistic function, such as theme, rhyme, and lexico-grammatical cohesion. Cohesion can be defined as the links that hold a text together and give a meaning to the text. Hassan and Halliday (1976) classified cohesion into: 1) Grammatical cohesion devices, which are reference, substitution, ellipsis, and conjunction, and 2) Lexical cohesion devices, which are in the form of a) reiteration: repetition, synonym, antonym, hyponym, meronym, and b) collocation. The opinion strip in The Jakarta Post has many commentators and it was found that the texts were arranged by different writer and styles. Being interested in knowing those facts, the writer is curious to find out the types of cohesion that is used in their comments. By using 135 comments on March 2012 edition, this study will analyze the use of semantic relation of lexico-grammatical cohesion as one of the linguistic functions. It will focus on the analysis of cohesion by identifying the cohesive devices that are employed in texts according to M.A.K. Halliday and Ruqaiya Hasan’s cohesion theory (1994) to explore what kinds of the type of cohesion used in that ‘Issues of the Day’strip. The Types of Cohesion Used in the ‘Issues of the Day’ Strip in the Jakarta Post 116 REGISTER, Vol. 8, No. 1, June 2015 Research Methodology The writer uses a descriptive qualitative research. A qualitative research is type of research which does not include any calculation or enumeration because the data are produced in the form of words (Moleong, 1993: 3). It means that qualitative data tend to be the form of words than series of number. Descriptive serves to describe or analogy characterizing something and it deals with the meaning of thing and one view of meaning is associative. This study attempts to identify, classify, and describe the sentences of the “Issues of The Day” strip that taken from The Jakarta Post newspaper. Data Collection Methods There are many ways to collect the data, such as documentation, observation, tests, interview, and questionnaire (Arikunto, 2007: 101). In this case, the writer uses documentation because Arikunto (1993: 202) defines that documentation method is collecting data by using some variables such as note, transcript, book, newspaper, ancient inscription, etc. This research is continued with note-taking technique which the data are listed, wrote, and classifying according to the cohesion types. To collect the data, the writer needs some procedure. These steps are: a. Reading and learning 135 comments in “Issues of the Day” strip in The Jakarta Post on March 2012 edition. b. Identifying the words with emphasize on each comments that become markers of cohesion types (the writer just focus on cohesion from each comments, other cohesion types, especially for substitution, ellipsis, and lexical cohesion, from different comment will not be taken although they stay at the same topic and edition. Whereas the other Wulan Agustina REGISTER, Vol. 8, No. 1, June 2015 117 types like reference and conjunction can be collected from all sentences in the same edition, and the writer will put one in the analysis as the representative of each types). Technique of Data Analysis In analyzing the data, the writer applies descriptive method which does not need hypothesis formulation. The steps are taken by the writer in analyzing data such as: Data Collection Through this step, the writer reads the text of English writing on the newspaper and puts all as the data. The writer has collected the data from 135 comments of Jakarta Post on March 2012 edition. Identification After collects the data, the writer identifies the types of cohesion that are found in the strip. Classification The writer classifies the sentences from each comments based on the types of cohesion. It has been collected to continue the next analysis process. The Types of Cohesion Used in the ‘Issues of the Day’ Strip in the Jakarta Post 118 REGISTER, Vol. 8, No. 1, June 2015 Data Analysis After classifying the sentences, the writer analyses the description of each sentence based on theories of M.A.K. Halliday and Ruqaiya Hasan (1994). Discussion The writer is going to present the sources of data from Jakarta Post on March 2012 edition as follows: NO DATA SOURCES 1. References /we/, /their/, /they/, /our/, /I/, /the/, /his, /he/, /its/ March 1st 2012 Substitutions /done/ Conjunctions /but/, /because/, /and/, /since/, /finally/, /but/ Collocations a) /House of Representative/ - /seats/ - /constituents/ - /government/ - /corruption/ - /political/ - /lawmakers/ b) /police/ - /criminality/ 2. References /my/, /this/, /they/, /their/, /I/, /our/, /we/, /it/, /us/, them/, /those/, /these/, /you/, /that/ March 2nd 2012 Conjunctions /but/, /or/, /then/ Ellipsis /We must use or 0 lose our rights!/ Collocations /Islam/ - /Muslims/ 3. References /the/, /it/, /that/, /then/, /you/, /I/, /this/, /your/, /these/, /his/, /he/, /our/, March 3rd 2012 Synoymy a) /abattoirs/ = /slaughtered/ b) /pain/ = /torture/ Wulan Agustina REGISTER, Vol. 8, No. 1, June 2015 119 Conjunctions /as/, /then/, /and/ Ellipsis /... and importers to improve 0/ Collocations a) /abattoirs/ - /animals/ - /slaughter/ - /meat/ b) /export/ - /import/ Antonymy a) /export/ >< /import/ b) /exporter/ >< /importer/ 4. References /I/, /the/, /their/, /he/, /this/, /it/, /his/ March 5th 2012 Substitutions /one/ Synonymy /missery/ = /suffering/ Antonymy /muslims/ >< /non-muslims/ 5. References /this/, /the/, /they/, /it/, /we/, /you/, /them/, /I/, /my/ March 6th 2012 Hyponymy a) /member/ - /fellow/ b) /garbage/ - /plastic bags, bottles, cups/ Conjunctions /for several years now/, /and/, /then/, /or/, /when/, /however/, /because/ Synonymy a) /outrageous/ = /heartless/ b) /care/ = /protection/ Meronymy /zoo/ - /cages/, /enclosure/ Repetition /feed/ Collocations a) /zoo/ - /animals/ - /cages/ - /enclosure/ - /Ragunan/ - /Surabaya Zoo/ - /giraffe/ b) /school/ - /educational/ - /preschool/ - /kindegarten/ The Types of Cohesion Used in the ‘Issues of the Day’ Strip in the Jakarta Post 120 REGISTER, Vol. 8, No. 1, June 2015 6. References /it/, /you/, /more/, /your/, /our/, /then/, /we/, /they/, /the/, /this/, /those/, /their/, /them/ March 7th 2012 Conjunctions /hence/, /however/, /otherwise/, /and/ Repetitions /care/, /competition/, /world/ Antonym /sportmen/ >< /sportwomen/ Ellipsis /You care for what ..., not 0 the Indonesian people/ Collocation a) /church/ - /christians/ b) /sport/ - /sportmanship/ - /the Indonesian National Sport Committee/ - /soccer/ 7. References /it/, /they/, /this/, /we/, /their/, /now/, /the/, /those/, /them/, /these/ March 8th 2012 Substitution /do/ Conjunctions /but/ Ellipsis /0 Not because they are vocal, .../ 8. References /it/, /better/, /I/, /you/, /us/, /the/, /my/, /we/, /this/, /they/, /these/, /your/, /their/, /that/ March 9th 2012 Substitution /so/ Conjunctions /but/ Repetitions /proud/, /has done it/, /return flight/, /it/, /Garuda/ Collocations /delicious/ - /food/ 9. References /we/, /the/, /our/, /then/, /you/, /better/, /your/, /these/, /I/, /they/, /here/, /their/, /those/, /same/, /them/ March 10th 2012 Wulan Agustina REGISTER, Vol. 8, No. 1, June 2015 121 Substitutions /not/, /do/ Conjunctions /but/ Ellipsis /... some will not 0/ Repetitions /we/ Hyponymy /Arab League/ - /Saudi Arabia/, /Qatar/ 10. References /it/, /this/, /your/, /we/, /me/, /you/, /I/, /those/, /that/, /us/, /the/, /most/, /our/, /they/, /their/ March 12th 2012 Conjunctions /while/, /but/, /then/, /since/ Repetitions /respect/, /others/, /bule/, /mad/, /Indon/ Ellipsis /0 Being used to being called bule .../ Collocations a) /bule/ – /foreigner/ b) /equality/ - /fairness/ 11. References /I/, /those/, /the/, /it/, /my/, /they/, /these/, /their/, /this/, /worst/ March 13th 2012 Conjunctions /before/, /however/ Repetitions /international organization/, /done by/, /local people/, /country/, the worst/, /Timor Leste/ Collocations /Timorese/ - /Timor Leste/ Hyponymy /nation/ - /Timorese/ 12. References /I/, /it/, /their/, /you/, /best/, /she/, /that, /the/, /her/, /they/, /this/, /better/, /my/, /them/, /these/, /his/, /here/, /our/ March 14th 2012 The Types of Cohesion Used in the ‘Issues of the Day’ Strip in the Jakarta Post 122 REGISTER, Vol. 8, No. 1, June 2015 Ellipsis /... and 0 sincere condolences .../ Conjunctions /because/, /before/, /and/ Repetitions /the best/, /their/ Synonymy /offspring/ = /children/ Hyponymy /children/ - /teen/ Antonymy /parents/ >< /children/ Collocations a) /parents/ - /children/ b) /traffic/ - /roads/ - /accidents/ - /car/ 13. References /it/, /we/, /I/, /the/, /our/, /they/, /more/, /those/, /us/, /further/, /sooner/ March 15th 2012 Conjunctions /but/, /because/, /however/ Synonymy /necessary/ = /pivotal/ Antonymy /western/ >< /eastern/ Repetitions /Maluku/, /Jakarta/ 14. References /you/, /us/, /our/, /it/, /your/, /most/, /we/, /he/, /this/, /his/, /I/, /its/, /their/, /they/, /now/ March 16th 2012 Ellipsis /... your own best interests, 0 not the Indonesian .../ Conjunctions /then/, /as/, /in other words/, /until/ Repetitions /high demand/, /they/ Collocations a) /SBY/ - /president/ - /Democratic party/ b) /Mutawa/ - /religious police/ Wulan Agustina REGISTER, Vol. 8, No. 1, June 2015 123 15. References /this/, /you/, /I/, /your/, /its/, /the/, /he/, /better/, /best/, /him/, /it/, /that/, /they/, /his/, /we/, /there/, /their/, /cleanest/ March 17th 2012 Conjunctions /at least/ Repetitions /Singapore/, /track/, /right/, /the MoU/, /guy/, /they/, /he/ Synonymy a) /good/ = /right/ b) /advantage/ = /benefit/ Antonymy /right/ >< /wrong/ Hyponymy /country/ - /Indonesia, Singapore/ Collocations a) /government/ - /minister/ - /corruption/ b) /business/ - /investor/ c) /Azwar Abubakar/ - /Administrative Reforms Minister d) /SBY/ - /president/ 16. References /this/, /their/, /the/, /they/, /it/, /I/, /more/, /he/, /its/, /that/, /you/, /better/, /worse/, /these/ March 19th 2012 Substitution /done/ Ellipsis /... and say no more 0?/ Conjunctions /instead/, /until/, /or/ Repetitions /civilians/, /multiple/, /life sentence/, /America/ Synonymy a) /murder/ = /kill/ b) /troops/ = /soldiers/ Meronymy /human/ - /souls, bodies/ The Types of Cohesion Used in the ‘Issues of the Day’ Strip in the Jakarta Post 124 REGISTER, Vol. 8, No. 1, June 2015 Hyponymy a) /country/ - /US/ b) /military/ - /Army/ Antonymy /better/ >< /worse/ 17. References /more/, /this/, /the/, /you/, /us/, /I/, /further/, /its/, /we/, /they/, /similar/ March 20th 2012 Conjunction /until/ Repetitions /less/, /subsidies/, /consequences/, /electricity/, /fuels/ Collocation /traffic/ - /jam/ - /roads/ 18. References /the/, /more/, /they/, /better/, /their/, /them/, /that/, /it/, /I/, /her/, /she/, /its/, /one’s/, /one/, we/, /this/, /more/, /our/, /your/ March 21st 2012 Conjunctives /but/, /while/, /then/, /on the other hand/, /because/ Repetitions /Thailand/, /women/, /boss/, /teacher/, /marriage/, /if one’s faith/, different/, /husband/ Synonymy a) /Prophet/ = /Muhammad/ b) /devote/ = /submit/ Meronymy a) /family/ - /husband/ b) /education/ - /teachers/ Hyponymy a) /job/ - /teacher/ b) /country/ - /Indonesia, Thailand/ c) /human/ - /men, women/ d) /nation/ - /Thailand/ Antonymy a) /men/ >< /women/ b) /physically/ >< /mentally/ c) /wive/ >< /husband/ Wulan Agustina REGISTER, Vol. 8, No. 1, June 2015 125 Collocations a) /education/ - /teacher/ b) /Muhammad/ - /Prophet/ - /Khadija/ c) /sister/ - /female/ d) /marriage/ - /husband/ e) /Islam/ - /muslims/ 19. References /it/, /the/, /they/, /their/, /those/, /stronger/, /your/ March 22nd 2012 Substitution /done/ Conjunctions /however/, /as long as/, /but/ Repetition /robbery/, /terrorism/ 20. References /it/, /the/, /those/, /its/, /this/, /they/, /these/, /I/, /my/, /their/ March 24th 2012 Ellipsis /They constantly weave in and 0 out .../ Conjunctions /until/, /while/, /as for/ Repetitions /people/ 21. Reference /I/, /your/, /it/, /its/, /those/, /you/, /more/, /now/, /they/, /them/ March 26th 2012 Meronymy /people/ - /citizens/ 22. Reference /I/, /this/, /you/, /the/, /it/, /they/, /their/, /these/ March 27th 2012 Conjunction /as/, /meanwhile/, /and/ Repetition /Greece/ Meronymy /Asia/ - /North Korea/ 23. Reference /I/, /he/, /us/, /his/, /their/, /him/, they/, it/, /the/, /your/, /you/, /more/ March 28th 2012 The Types of Cohesion Used in the ‘Issues of the Day’ Strip in the Jakarta Post 126 REGISTER, Vol. 8, No. 1, June 2015 Ellipsis /... is an opportunist or not 0, but .../ Conjunction /meanwhile/, /eventhough/, /also/, /and/, /as/, /since/, /but/ Repetition /leader/, /Jakarta/, /their/ Antonymy /opportunist/ >< /non-opportunist/ Hyponymy /city/ - /Jakarta/ Collocation /leader/ - /wisdom/ 24. Reference /they/, /his/, /it/, /their/, /we/, /I/, /the/, /he/, /our/, /them/, /more/, /you/, /us/, /your/ March 29th 2012 Conjunction /or/, /but/ Hyponymy /country/ - /Indonesia/ /foreign organizations/ - /IMF/ - /World Bank/ Repetition /right/, /fuel prices/ Collocation /economic/ - /prices/ 25. References /their/, /it/, /the/, /I/, /they/, /most/, /he/, /his/, /this/ March 31st 2012 Conjunctions /however/, /furthermore/, /and/, /after/, /because/, /otherwise/ Ellipsis /... for the benefit of all 0 on their .../ Repetitions /government/, /the great thinker never blames others/, /a narrow-minded man/, /the president/, /fuel prices/, /oil prices/ Hyponymy /country/ - /Indonesia/ Wulan Agustina REGISTER, Vol. 8, No. 1, June 2015 127 Substitutions /did/, /done/ Collocations /government/ - /minister/ - /department/ Synonymy /welfare/ = /prosperity/ There are two main types of cohesion: grammatical and lexical. The writer will distinguish each of them accordance to their part. 1. Grammatical Cohesion a. Substitution There are seven sentences contains substitution found in the articles. The writer is going to divide them based on types: 1) Nominal There is only one data that used nominal substitution, here is the analysis: (4) His teaching of Islam is definitely not the right one. The word “one” substitutes teaching of Islam. 2) Verbal There are five data that applied verbal substitution, here are some the analysis: (16) They must be punished for what they have done. The word “done” substitutes killed innocent civilians. The Types of Cohesion Used in the ‘Issues of the Day’ Strip in the Jakarta Post 128 REGISTER, Vol. 8, No. 1, June 2015 3) Clausal There is only one data that applied verbal substitution, here is the analysis: (8) Even so, Garuda are looking much better these days for certain. The word “so” substitutes Indonesians will be happy to settle for less. b. Reference All of the data employ references, there are twenty-five editions with different types found in each articles. The writer is going to divide them based on their types: 1) Personal Almost of each edition uses personal references. Here some representative of analysis: a) Pronoun (1) I am of the opinion that people representatives can be found from neighborhood based representative. The word “I” refers to the writer. (5) Obviously, the animals didn’t receive the good food, care, and protection they should have enjoyed. The word “they” refers to the animals. Wulan Agustina REGISTER, Vol. 8, No. 1, June 2015 129 b) Possessive Almost of each edition uses personal references. Here some representative of analysis: (6) If you did not pull out players playing for the LSI, our team would not have been tortured by Bahrain. The word “our” refers to the writer and Indonesian people. 2) Demonstrative Almost of each edition uses demonstrative references. Here some representative of analysis: (1) This is outrageous and the heartless, cruel people responsible should be prosecuted. The word “this” refers to plastic that is found in a dead giraffe’s stomach. (9) They squawk about issues on the other side of the world, but have nothing useful to say about poverty and corruption here The word “here” refers to in their square. 3) Comparative (6) Dear Mr. President, it seems that you care more about football than the plight of Christians in the Yasmin Church. The word “more” compares football with the plight of Christians in the Yasmin Church. The Types of Cohesion Used in the ‘Issues of the Day’ Strip in the Jakarta Post 130 REGISTER, Vol. 8, No. 1, June 2015 (17) Look at how India improves as it encourages investments in similar things. The word “similar” compares India’s investment with Indonesia’s investment through electric vehicles. c. Ellipsis There are twelve sentences contains ellipsis found in the articles. The writer is going to give some representative to be analyzed based on their types: 1) Nominal There are eight nominal ellipsis found in the text. The writer is going to give some representative to be analyzed: (2) We must use or 0 lose our rights! The word “we” is omitted to make simple sentence. The sentence should be “We must use or we lose our rights!” 2) Verbal There are three verbal ellipsis found in the text. The writer is going to give some representative to be analyzed: Wulan Agustina REGISTER, Vol. 8, No. 1, June 2015 131 (9) Some of these Middle East uprisings will succeed, some will not 0. The word “succeed” is omitted. The sentence should be “Some of these Middle East uprisings will succeed, some will not succeed.” 3) Clausal There is only one clausal ellipsis found in the text. The writer is going to discuss it: (7) 0 Not because they are vocal, street visible, self- proclaimed police, and instituting instant justice, but because it is the right thing to do. The word “people wants to disband radical mass- groups” is omitted. The sentence should be “People wants to disband radical mass-groups not because they are vocal, street visible, self-proclaimed police, and instituting instant justice, but because it is the right thing to do.” d. Conjunction There are fifty-seven conjunction are discovered. Most of them have similar word, so the writer only discuss one word to representative the same based on their types: 1) Additive There are ten additive conjunction found in the text. The writer is going to give some representative to be analyzed: The Types of Cohesion Used in the ‘Issues of the Day’ Strip in the Jakarta Post 132 REGISTER, Vol. 8, No. 1, June 2015 (5) Ship all remaining critters to Ragunan, then close the Surabaya Zoo or, if you still insist, contact a taxidermist so there is no need to feed the animals. The word “or” is categorized as alternative simple additive because it gives two alternatives for solving the problem; to ship all the critters to Ragunan then close the Surabaya Zoo or contact a taxidermist. (14) In other words: the official introduction of a ‘religious police’ like the Mutawa in Saudi Arabia and Aceh. The word “in other words” is categorized as expository apposition additive because it adds another sentence for the previous one. (23) Also, Joko Widodo appears to be sincerely dedicated to improve the welfare of the ’rakyat kecil’, …. The word “also” is categorized as simple additive because it adds the information about Joko Widodo’s characteristics. 2) Causality There are fourteen causality conjunction found in the text. The writer is going to give some representative to be analyzed: (1) ... lawmakers from political parties are no longer legitimate because they never listen to the cries of marginalized constituents. Wulan Agustina REGISTER, Vol. 8, No. 1, June 2015 133 The word “because” is categorized as simple reversed causality as it presupposes the cause of the lack of lawmaker’s legitimate. (2) If you want to be seen as s peaceful religion, then start acting peacefully. The word “because” is categorized as simple conditional causality as it is closely related where the causal means to act peacefully therefore want to be seen as a peaceful religion. 3) Adversative There are twenty-four adversative conjunctions found in the texts. The writer is going to give some representative to be analyzed: (1) ... does not show that they are really working for the people’s interests but for their own business interests. The word “but” is categorized as simple contrastive adversative because it shows interests contradiction between people and government. ... admitted their mistake. But, can they really confess to what they have done? The word “but” is categorized as containing ‘and’ proper adversative. Proper, here, means in spite of- relation between admitted and confess. The Types of Cohesion Used in the ‘Issues of the Day’ Strip in the Jakarta Post 134 REGISTER, Vol. 8, No. 1, June 2015 (5) ... they treated the animals with respect. However, the same respect was overlooked for the people. The word “however” is categorized as emphatic contrastive adversative since it shows a contradiction between the treating level of animals and human. Emphatic means something is done strictly. (6) We have a large population with a great potential among our youth to excel in sports. However, they are not given a chance. The word “however” is categorized as emphatic proper adversative. It shows a pity contradiction between the great of youth population with the chances that can be given. 4) Temporality There are nine temporality conjunction found in the text. The writer is going to give some representative to be analyzed: (1) Finally, they have admitted their mistake. The word “finally” is categorized as simple conclusive temporal. (5) Ship all remaining critters to Ragunan, then close the Surabaya Zoo ... The word “then” is categorized as sequential simple temporal. Wulan Agustina REGISTER, Vol. 8, No. 1, June 2015 135 (22) Meanwhile, North Korea’s nuclear weapons program is another problem. The word “meanwhile” is categorized as durative complex temporal. 2. Lexical Cohesion a. Reiteration Reiteration is a form of lexical cohesion which involves the repetition of a lexical item and a number of things in using synonymy, antonym, hyponymy, and meronymy at one end of the scale. It will be identified through the following classes: 1) Repetitions The writer found twenty repetitions in the research; here is some representative for analysis: (5) Despite the numerous sign in the zoo not to feed the animals, people have a habit to still feed them and dump left over, ... The word ‘feed’ is reiterated twice as verb. (8) There was a time when Garuda was the least preferred airline. Now, I can’t wait my next trip with Garuda. The word “Garuda” is reiterated twice as noun (the name of a well known airline). Garuda has done it, while MAS has done it too, but in a different consistency... The Types of Cohesion Used in the ‘Issues of the Day’ Strip in the Jakarta Post 136 REGISTER, Vol. 8, No. 1, June 2015 The word “has done it too” is reiterated twice as verb clause. (12) Do the best, think the best, and God will give you the best. The word “best” is reiterated three times as adjectiva. 2) Synonymy The writer found fourteen synonyms in the data, here is some representatives for the analysis: (15) ... There are many advantages we can derive from Singapore. ... in a way that gives mutual benefits. ... The meaning of “advantages” is similar with “benefits” that means keuntungan. (25) The great thinkers always think how to help his people’s prosperity. ... The president today did nothing to improve welfare but to teach ... The meaning of “prosperity” is similar with “welfare” that means kemakmuran. 3) Hyponymy The writer found nineteen hyponyms in the data; here are some representatives for analysis: (8) The culprit is Arab League, backed by Saudi Arabia and Qatar in collaboration with ... Wulan Agustina REGISTER, Vol. 8, No. 1, June 2015 137 The word “Arab League” is hyponym for “Saudi Arabia and Qatar”. (18) Men and women are physically different. ... Hereby, women are respectfully treated as human beings. The word “human” is hyponymy for “men” and “women”. 4) Meronymy The writer found four meronyms in the data; here are some representatives for the analysis: (18) Western women need to learn ... how to devote and submit themselves to their husband and family ... The word “family” is meronymy for “husband” because a family usually consists of husband, wife, and children. ... I can’t imagine how a female teacher ... But with a job and education, she can survive... The word “education” is meronymy for “teachers” because education relates with teachers, students, school, learn, study, etc. 5) Antonym The writer found twelve antonyms in the data; here is some representatives for analysis: The Types of Cohesion Used in the ‘Issues of the Day’ Strip in the Jakarta Post 138 REGISTER, Vol. 8, No. 1, June 2015 (3) He brings misery and suffering to Muslims and non- Muslims alike. The word “Muslims” and “non-Muslims” are noun. The “Muslims” means person whose religion is Islam, whereas “non-Muslim” means person whose religion is not Islam, such Christian, Hindu, Budha, etc. Besides looks from the meaning, “non-Muslim” can be identified as antonym through prefiks “non-”. b. Collocation The writer analyzed this type based on the whole of each edition because each collocation is related with the topic. There are thirty collocation are found. The writer is going to give some representatives to be analyzed: (10) There are two collocation: - Bule This word has closely sense with foreigner. ‘Bule’ only used by our society to call foreign tourists who have white skin and blond hair. - Equality This word has closely sense with fairness. They can be categorized as synonym. Conclusion Discourse analysis leads to analyze of constituents (smaller units) that have particular relationship with one another in a text. There many parts of discourse analysis, and cohesion is one of them. Cohesion occurs Wulan Agustina REGISTER, Vol. 8, No. 1, June 2015 139 where the interpretation of some elements in the discourse depends on each other, so it deals with the investigation of form. Through the investigation and analysis from the data, the writer proposes several findings: 1. Based on analysis of grammatical cohesion, the writer found 7 substitutions, 44 references, 12 ellipsis, and 57 conjunctions. 2. 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