R E I N W A R D T I A Published by Herbarium Bogoriense, Kebun Raya Indonesia Volume 2, Part 1, pp. 1 - 68 (1952) SERTULUM DIPTEROCARPACEARUM MALAYENSIUM—V* D. F. VAN SLOOTEN** The Dipterocarpaceae of eastern Malaysia (Celebes, the Moluccas, and New Guinea) Some 70 years ago Thiselton Dyer showed Dipterocarpaceae from New Guinea to the Linnean Society of London. This event is referred to in the "Journal of Botany"1 as follows:— "Mr Tbiselton Dyer exhibited the Dipterocarpaceae collected by Beccari on his visit to New Guinea in 1872. These were only three in number, an extremely poor result compared with the extraordinary abundance and variety in the forms belonging to this family previously collected by the same botanist in the adjacent island of Borneo, . . . The Dipterocarpaceae being, perhaps, the most characteristic family of the Indo- Malayan Flora, the poverty of its representation in New Guinea was a conclusive proof that its vegetation was not a markedly Malayan type." In addition to the data relating" to the Dipterocarpaceae of New Guinea to be found in literature in scattered references, surveys were given by Diels2 in 1922 and by Van Slooten3 in 1926. Starting from the geographical distribution of the Dipterocarpaceae, E. D. Merrill in a comprehensive publication4 traced the former land routes along which an exchange of floral elements might have taken place from western to eastern Malaysia."' As to the Dipterocarpaceae he reached the conclusion that this exchange had not taken place directly via Celebes, but via the Philippines, i.e. from and to Borneo across the Sulu and Palawan bridges, from and to Celebes via the Sangi (Sangihe) Islands, and from and to Halmahera and New Guinea via Celebes or Talaud Island.*1 *The following parts already appeared in this series: I, in Bull. Jard. hot. Buiten- zorg III 16: 430-454. 1940; II, in Bull. bot. Gdns Buitenzorg III 17: 96-138. 1941; III, ibid. 17: 220-255. 1942; IV, ibid. 18: 229-269. 1949. **Formerly Director, Royal Botanic Gardens, Buitenzorg. 1.J. of Bot. 16: 93-94. 1878. 2.Die Dipterocarpaceen von Papuasien. In Bot. Jb. 57: 460-463. 1922. 3. Dipterocarpaceae. In Nova Guinea 14 (2): 222-228 pi. 19. 1926. 4. E. D. MERRILL: Distribution of the Dipterocarpaceae. Origin and relationships of the Philippine flora and causes of the differences between the floras of eastern and western Malaysia. In Philipp. J. Sci. 23: 1-32. 1923. 5In the present paper 'eastern Malaysia' does not cover more than the eastern' part of the" former Netherlands East Indies, exclusive of the Philippines and the Lesser Sunda Islands. °In my opinion the distribution of the recent species does not point to the possibility that "a few came from Java through Bali, Lombok, and what are now the Postilion and Paternoster islets to southwestern Celebes." (Merrill, op.cit. p. 21). _ 1 _ 2 R E I N W A R D T I A . [VOL. 2 Merrill gives a detailed account of how the Dipterocarpaceae have developed as a family in South-East Asia and in western Malaysia at a time when the Sunda Islands still formed part of the Asiatic continent. At that period they could easily spread across this continent. Starting from this extensive central area, the Sunda Land, they spread eastwards, where they are far less numerous than in the west, in spite of the fact that conditions in eastern Malaysia on the whole meet the requirements of the Diptero- carpaceae. Merrill now concludes that geological history shows that the Dipterocarpaceae were unable to cross the sea east of Borneo, and could only make use of the bridges referred to above. Since Merrill's publication, Herbarium Bogoriense has been supplied with new material from eastern Malaysia. Though scanty and in many cases incomplete and not to be determined as to species, it nevertheless clearly demonstrates that—with the exception of Anisoptera costata {q.v.) •—Merrill's view still holds good; the ratio of the number of species from western Malaysia to that from eastern Malaysia has remained the same, those from western Malaysia having continued to be in the great majority. With the exception of Anisoptera costata and Vatica papuana, all of the species treated below are restricted to eastern Malaysia. The Philippines ' show an endemism of approximately 70%. This phenomenon, too, points to an immigration from the west and to conditions favouring 'regenera- tion.' I do not intend, however, to elaborate this theoretical problem in the present publication, the primary aim of which is to define the species From eastern Malaysia taxonomically. For this reason I precede the main subject only by the mention of a number of facts and conclusions which have emerged from my studies. In the accompanying table the genera were arranged alphabetically, the species geographically, according to Their occurrence from west to east. The well-known species were numbered and so were those which, owing to insufficient material could not yet be described , but could nevertheless with a high degree of certainty be recognized as independent species. In order to give as complete as possible a survey of the Dipterocarpaceae of eastern Malaysia, an enumeration of the material which is too incomplete for identification and description ("specimina inquirenda") was also added, but not numbered. In eastern malaysia ,the Dipterocarpaceae appear to be represented by four genera,viz Anisoptera, Hopea, Shored, and Vatica. The number of species considered adequately founded is 26, although 7 of them could not yet be described owing to incompleteness of the material and hence 1952] VAN SLQOTEN: Sertidum Dipterocarpacearum—V TABEL 1 The Dipterocarpaceae of E a s t e r n Malaysia Celebes Moluccas New Guinea i 1. Anisoptera costata 1. Anieoptera costata 2. Anisopttra polyandra 3. Anisoptera?spec.nov.: Kostermans 1337 Anisoptera sp,: Beccari s.i Anisoptera sp.: bb.22351 ?Anisoptera sp.: bb.31344 4. Hopea celebica 5. Hopea dolosa 6. Hopea gregaria 7. Hopea ?spec. nov.: bb.24903 8. Hopea ?spec. nov.: bb.25259 and 25320 Hopea or Shorea sp.: Kostermans 828 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Hopea nodosa Hopea parvifolia Hopea sp.: Beccari a.n. Hopea nabirensis Hopea iriana Hopea sp.: bb.30359 Hopea similis Hopea novoguineensis Hopea papuana Hopea celebica sensti JDiels Hopea papuana seyisu White & Francis Hopea ?spec. nov.: NGF 1251 Hopea sp.: NGF 1307 Hopea glabrifolia Hopea or Shorea sp.: NGF 1333 24. 25. 28. Vatiea Vatica Vatiea Vatica 1888 and Vatica Vatica Vatica 17. Shorea koordersii sp.: bb.32438 celebensis flavovirens sp.: bb.1860, , 1904, 1913, 1920 sp.: bb.30172 fspec. nov.: Pella 62 sp.: bb.14540 18. 10. 20. Shorea Shorea Shorea selanica montigena fspec. nov.: bb.228O8 and 31349 23. Vatica 21. Shorea fspec. nov.: bb.22567 Shorea sp.: bb.31092 22. Shorea forbesii papuana 4 E E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 2 are provisionally listed as " ?spec. nov." They are distributed over the genera as follows: Anisoptpya 2 + 1 ?spec. nov. Hopea 10 + 3 ?spec. nov. Skorea 4 + 2 ?spec. nov. Vatica 3 + 1 fspec. nov. There are also bound to be new species among the remainder of the msteria). In the following, the accompanying table is further elucidated. CELEBES .—A nisopte ra.—Represented solely by A. costata, which is restricted to the Malili District in the southernmost part. Hopea.—Also occurring exclusively in the southern part, but on the western (H. celebica) as well as on the eastern peninsula (H. dolosa and H. gregaria). Shore a.—Shorea koordersii is known from five localities, from all parts of the island. Vatic a.—Most probably represented by some seven species, occur- ring in North, Central, and South Celebes. M O L U C C A S . — A n i s o p t e r a . — A n i s o p t e r a costata and A.polyandra are restricted to Halmahera and Batjan, and Obira and the Aru Islands, respectively. On Morotai a third species appears to occur. Hope a.—This genua is also represented by only two, as yet not further to be described, species, also in Halmahera and on the Aru Islands. A third species (or Shorea?) seems to be restricted to Morotai. Shore a.—Shorea koordersii and S. selanica are very common in the central part of the western Moluccas. Shorea montigena is restricted to Buru and western Ceram, a sterile collection showing a fourth species to occur, also on Buru. Vatic a.—Only V. papuana, in the northern half and on the Aru Islands. NEW GUINEA.—Anisoptera.—Only A.polyandra is here widely distributed and is found to extend as far as the easternmost point. Aniso- ptera costata is known only from the Bomberai Peninsula in the western part, together with a third species of Anisoptera, a fourth species prob- ably occurring in the Arfak Mountains and a fifth in the'surroundings of Hollandia. Hopea.—Of the four genera the one most widely represented, by at least eight species , possibly by more. The species are scattered through- out the island and are found even in the Louisiade Archipelago. The majority of them, however , are (so far) known from only one locality. 1952] VAN SLOOTEN: Sertulum Dipterocarpacearum—V 5 Shore a.—Unlike Hopea, represented by only three species: a prob- ably new species in West New Guinea, an as yet not to be described species in Central New Guinea, and S. forbesii in East New Guinea. Vatic a.—Vatica papuana is found from the extreme west to the extreme east, including the Louisiade Archipelago. From these surveys a few general conclusions may be drawn: (i) Celebes, and to a lesser degree also the Moluccas, are poor in Dipterocarpaceae. (ii) From Celebes only some eight localities are known. In this island there would seem to be distinct centres of distribution. (iii) As far as the Moluccas are concerned, it is in the northern Moluccas that relatively the greatest number of Dipterocarpaceae are found. In the Sula Archipelago, on the islands south of Halmahera, and on Buru, Shorea koordersii and S. selanica, are (together with Vatica papuana) the predominant Dipterocarpaceae. Dipterocarpaceae are also found in the Aru Islands. (iv) In contradistinction to Celebes, Dipterocarpaceae are in New Gui- nea found throughout the island. Here they extend from west to east, be it that one single species is widely distributed (Anisoptera polyandra, Vatica papuanu), or that one genus is represented by several species (Hopea). (v) Together with Anisoptera costata, the two species mentioned sub (iv) are the only Dipterocarpaceae with an extensive area of distri- bution. Anisoptera costata extends farthest west, where it has its main distribution: Siam, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, and eastern Malaysia; Vatica papuana has its principal distribution within eastern Malaysia, but is, with the exception of Celebes, also met with in North and North-East Borneo, inclusive of Tawitawi. These are the only species found also outside eastern Malaysia. Anisoptera polyandra is limited to the Moluccas and New Guinea. These three are followed by Shorea koor- dersii from Celebes, the Sula Archipelago, Batjan and Obira, and the islands in between. (vi) The remaining species are known from only one or two, or at most three localities. (vii) Anisoptera costata excepted, the Dipterocarpaceae from eastern Malaysia are undoubtedly purely eastern species. The presence of Vatica papuana in North-East Borneo and on the adjacent island of Tawitawi (belonging to the Philippine Archipelago) may be assumed to be due to the fact that its fruits (which are often found floating in the sea) are distributed by currents. Even so the question remains why Celebes was 'skipped.' 6 . R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 2 (viii) None of the Dipterocarpaceae from eastern Malaysia, not excepting those which, owing to insufficient material can not yet be de- scribed, are to be identified with species from the Philippine Archipelago, if Vatica papuana is left out of consideration. The species from eastern Malaysia relatively most closely related to one from the Philippines, is Anisoptera polyandra, which is nearest to A. thurifera. Leaving A. eostata (q.v.) out, it appears safe to share Merrill's view that the Dipterocarpaceae of eastern Malaysia have indeed found their way there via the Philippines. This applies, however, only to the genera which in eastern Malaysia—and also at an earlier date in the Philippines themselves, for that matter— found a basis for 'regeneration.' Judging by the number of species, in particular as far as Hopea is concerned, conditions have evidently been more favourable in the direction of New Guinea than further west in the Moluccas and in Celebes. (ix) In the Philippine Archipelago the Dipterocarpaceae are repre- sented by some 50 species, 35 of which are endemic. All of the non-endemic species have their area of distribution in western Malaysia, Vatica papuana excepted. It may hence be readily assumed that the Dipterocarpaceae element in the Philippine flora has been introduced from the west, and has in the Philippines found the opportunity of developing in a definite direction. Compared with the main area of distribution of the Diptero- carpaceae around the Chinese Sea, where hundreds of species occur, the Philippine flora is poor in species. The number of Dipterocarpaceae de- creases even further towards the east. Since in New Guinea three out of the four genera are found scattered throughout the island, it is to be expected that further exploration and reclamation will result in substantial additions as to the localities as well as the number of species, particularly of the genus Hopea. (x) Although the number of their species is far below that of the western part of Malaysia, the Dipterocarpaceae are nevertheless often locally very numerous in eastern Malaysia. Occasionally they even grow gregariously or serm'gregariously: Anisoptera eostata in the Malili District of South Celebes and in the Weda District of Halmahera, A. polyandra in South and East New Guinea, Hopea gregaria in the Kendari District of South Celebes, Shorea selanica on Buru and the Sula Islands, Shorea ?spec. nov. (bb.22808 and 31349) on Buru, and Vatica papuana on Morotai, Batjan, and in New Guinea. (xi) The great majority of the localities are situated at 500 m at most, and often much lower. There are relatively few exceptions, viz. 1952] VAN SLOOTEN: Sertulum Dipterocarpacearum—V 1100 400—1000 300—1000 900 850 800 750 600 m m m m m m m m Anisoptera polyandra (Schlechter 19859) in eastern New Guinea. Shorea monitigena on B u m and Ceram. Vatica spec, (bb.1860, etc.) in the Malili District (Celebes). Shorea forbesii (Forbes 861) in eastern New Guinea. Hopea celebica sensu Diels (Lederman 9586 and 9846) in -eastern New Guinea. Hopea spec, (bb.30359) on Japen Island. Shorea tspec. nov. (bb.22567) in western New Guinea. Anisoptera polyandra (Forbes 373 and Lane- Poole 223) Hopea spec. (Lane-Poole 113) in eastern New Guinea. (xii) As is to be expected those genera are represented in New Guinea which most easily spread eastwards. As was already stated Hopea is the unrivalled first in this respect. In the easternmost corner and/or still further east in the Louisiade Archipelago are found Anisoptera polyandra, Hopea glabrifolia, H. papuana, Hopea spp., Shorea forbesii, and Vatica papuana. In a few instances (cf. Hopea dolosa, Shorea koordersii, and S. sela- nica) references are found below to two publications, cited as "Harsonder- zoek" by Dr. F. H. Endert and "Herkomst Damar." The first appeared as "Korte Mededeeling van het Boschbouwproefstation No. 51" in 1935 and simultaneously in "Tectona," volume 28, in the same year, under the title: "Het harsonderzoek in Nederlandsch Indie, meer in het bijzonder der damarsoorten"; the second contribution was published under the title: "De botanische herkomst van damar," in the form of a "Voor- loopig Rapport van het Boschbouwproefstation No. 5" ("Voorloopig Rap- port No. 2 van de Afd. Bosehexploratie") in September 1937. See further the "Bulletin of the Botanic Gardens, Buitenzorg," series III, volume 18 (1949), pages 229 and 230. NGF-numbers refer to the Queensland Herbarium of the Botanic Gardens, Brisbane. After my return to The Netherlands from Indonesia I had the opportunity to make some corrections and additions in the manuscript of the present paper on the basis of the collections of the "Rijksherbarium" at Leyden and not in the least of those of Beccari. Specimens collected by that explorer were sent on loan by the Botanical Institute at Florence through the kind intermediance of Prof. Dr. C. G. G. J. van Steenis. I am very much indebted to the Directors of these institutes for their co-opera- tion. 8 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 2 A N I S O P T E R A Korth. 1. ANISOPTERA COSTATA Korth. Anisoptera costata Korth. (1839-42); Van Slooten in Bull. J a r d . hot. Buitenz. I l l 8: 7-11 fig. 1. 1926. — Adde: Thorenaar in Meded. Proefst. Boschw. Buitenz. 16: 106 fig. 15. 1926; Heyne, Nutt. PL Ned. Ind., 2nd Ed., 1098. 1927; Foxworthy in Mai. For. Eee. 10: 97. 1932; Symington in Gdns' Bull., Str. Settl. 8: 9 pi. 3A. 1934; Van Slooten apiid Holthuis & Lam in Blumea 5: 214. 1942; Symington in Mai. For. Rec. 16: 204 fig. 101. 1943. In 1926 only one collection of A. costata from eastern Malaysia could be mentioned by me, viz. Lam 3533 (Morotai). Now the species is known ' from South-East Celebes, the Moluccas (Morotai, Halmahera, and Batjan) and western New Guinea. S P E C I M E N S E X A M I N E D ( i n t r a l i m i t a l ) . — C E L E B E S . S o u t h - e a s t e r n p e n i n - s u l a : Malili District {bb.20045, 23910, 32468, and 32611, baoti; bb24493 tolu). MOLUCCAS. M o r o t a i : G. Sabatai (Lam 3533, bolam); G. Baru (bb£i552, k o r a ; bb.246Ol, hate besi). — H a l m a h e r a : Tobelo District (23748,23754,, 23756, and 23758, kora or h i r u s ) ; Weda District (bb.2iS65, kokodaka; bb.24913, owiru; bb.24938, kako). — B a t j a n : Saoran Domut (bb.23163, damar utan or asomban; bb23171 gawi; bb23175, wewe perempuan); Masurung {bb23123, bohe; bb23140, damar hiru). NEW GUINEA. W e s t e r n p a r t : Bomberai Peninsula, Babo ( b b . 3 2 6 9 2 , t a i r i ) . The vertical distribution in eastern Malaysia shows the same alti- tudinal range as in the western part, it being usually between sea level and 200 m, and also exceptionally reaching 500 m, as is the case on Pulau Batjan (bb.23123 and 23140). Locally the species is rather or very common, usually growing in scattered specimens, and even semigregariously (bb. 24493), which is also in agreement with western Malaysia. The only two Dipterocarpaceae also to be found outside eastern Malaysia are Anisoptera costata and Vatica papuana. Anisoptera costata has, in fact, contrary to Vatica papuanci, its principal distribution outside this region wild can be counted among the Dipterocarpaceae which have the widest distribution altogether. In order to show this conclusively I append a map (fig. 1) of the complete distribution of A. costata. This map shows that it may be found from the Burmese border in Siam, in the Malay Peninsula, in western Malaysia, up to the Moluccas and western New Guinea. (The identifications of the only specimen known from West Java and of that from Sarawak are rather doubtful. For the latter, see p. 10). There are other Dipterocarpaceae in South-East Asia which have their principal region of distribution in western Malaysia, none of them however extending as far eastwards as A. costata. The species of Diptero- 1952] VAN SLOOTEN : Sertuhtm Dipterocavpacearrum—V carpaceae meant here are three in number, viz. Dipterocarpus gracilis Bl., D. hasseltii BL, and D. grandiflorus Blanco. They do extend fairly far eastwards, even to the Philippines, but within the Malay Archipelago they do not reach beyond Java and Borneo. FIG. 1. Distribution of Auisoptera costnta Korth. I have purposely added this outline of the distribution of A. costata. because it requires an explanation on a few points. As this can be given more fully only within an all-over review of the distribution of Diptero- carpaceae in Malaysia as a whole, I want for the present to stress only the following facts. Above all I should like to point out the rather peculiar distribution of A. costata in Borneo. Had this species been restricted to this island, there would have, been nothing puzzling in the fact it occurs there only in the whole of the eastern and in the central part of the extreme South of Borneo. In connection, however, with the further distribution in Malay- sia the fact that the species occurs 'locally' on Borneo should considerably help to explain how the distribution of A. costata came about and conse- quently to establish the place of origin of this species. 10 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 2 In view of several facts it can be assumed that the locality of origin of the Dipterocarpaceae lies in the region which is now occupied by the South China Sea. In connection with A. costata one may assume that of this region only the southernmost part is to be taken into consideration, viz. that part which is surrounded by the Malay Peninsula and the Greater Sunda Islands, i.e. Sumatra, Java, and Borneo. The occurrence of the species in Siam might then be explained by immigration from the south. Even if along these lines an acceptable explanation of the distribution of A. costata in western Malaysia can be found, the occurrences in eastern Malaysia may be much harder to explain. There are neither northern nor southern links which could be considered, as A. costata is absent in those regions through which it could have passed, unless A. mindanensis Foxw. from the Philippines should prove to be identical with A. costata. Synony- my in this case does not seem impossible to me, as the description does not show any important differences. I do not have sufficient material for comparison, however, to be able to make any definite statement. In addi- tion, in A. costata the leaves seem to be rather variable in form, size, and (in sicco) colour, which is not surprising considering its wide distribution. However, A, costata could in this case, in the form of A. mindanensis, have used the Philippines and one of the northern routes for its distribu- tion eastward. Otherwise we must assume that A. costata has somewhow emigrated to the east without using the Philippine Archipelago as a link. 1 should like to refer here to Dr. Van Steenis' monograph on the Styraca- ceae7 in which in connection with the genera Styrax and Bruinsmia he also has to assume them to have somehow crossed the Macassar Strait directly on their way east. In 1926 (Van Slooten, op. cit. p. 10) I suggested that A. grandiflora Brandis (in J. Linn. Soc, Bot. 31: 43 pi. 2 fig. 29. 1895) might prove to be synonymous with A. costata korth., but Symington (op. cit. p. 13) was of the opinion that it is based merely on a large-leaved collection of A. marginata Korth. "This is, however," he wrote (p. 14), "difficult to prove because these two species are essentially similar in flower structure, the best diagnostic character being the more numerous veined and more pubescent leaves of A. costata." After having studied in the Herbarium at Leyden the duplicate specimen of Haviland 959, collected near Kuching, Sarawak, I am still not convinced that in this case we are really dealing with A. marginata, although the latter species is also known from West Borneo, and A. costata is not. In view of the distribution areas Symington 'C. G. G. J.VAN STEENIS: The Styraeaeeae of Netherlands India. In Bull. Jard. bot Buitenz. Ill 12: 254-265. 1932. 1952] VAN SLOOTEN: Serlnhtm Dipterocarpaceantm—V II might be correct. However, in my opinion, the kind of hairiness on the lowep surface of the leaves reminds one rather of A. costata. Together with Haviland s.n. in the Sarawak Museum (fruiting Feb. 26, 1893), Haviland 959 is the only material of Anisoptera I know from Sarawak. Additional collections are highly desirable. As long as these are not available the correct position of A. grandiflora remains uncertain. The specimen from New Guinea (bb.32692), lacking flowers and fruits, has extraordinarily large leaves (up to 25 by 16 cm). It is from a young tree, but the determination seems to me nevertheless to be suffi- ciently reliable. "When treating Anisopte-ra Korth. on a former occasion (Van Slooten, op.cit. p. 8), I stated: "The manuscript-names Dipterocarpus parallehis Korth., D. tampurau Korth. and Dryobalanops Hallii Korth., recorded by Burck as synonyms of A. costata, I was not able to find either in the specimens of Herb. Bog., nor in those of H.L.B. or of H.A.R.T." Appa- rently I had at that time not received on loan all the Leyden material; last year I came across three sheets, numbered 902,146-40 and -43 and 925,250-338. On the two first mentioned Korthals wrote the name Dipterocarpus tampoerau Korth., while on the third sheet the names Dipterocarpus parallelus Korth. and Dryobalanops Hallii Korth. are written, also in his handwriting. Numbers 902,146-43 and 925,250-338 are fruiting specimens of A. costata. We are dealing here with three herbarium names. — It follows from the denomination Dipterocarpus tampoerau, that Korthals himself—doubtlessly because of the incomplete- ness of the material—had no clear conception of the true D. tampurau Korth. (cf Van Slooten, op.cit. 8: 290 fig. 1. 1927), with which this herbarium name should not be confused. 2. ANISOPTERA POLYANDRA Bl. Anisoptera pol-yavdra El. (18521; Van Slooten in Bull. Jard. bot. Buitenz. I l l 8: 15. 1926, excl. syn. Avisoptera spec.nov. Dyer. — Adde: Lane-Poole, Report For. Resources Terr. Papua and New Guinea 22, 33, 119, & 167. 1925; White & Francis in Proc. roy. Soc. Queensl. 38: 247. 1927. The following addition might be made to my previous description: The leaves may be as large as 20.0—25.0 by 10.0—11.0 cm; in saplings the main nerves may be 20 pairs and the petioles may reach a length of 5.5 cm; the subspherical fruiting calyces exceptionally attain 1.8 cm in diam- eter and the enlarged lobes 12.0 by 2.5 cm in size. Anisoptera polyandra is a large tree up to 50 m high, with a clear bole up to 20—30 m, with good form and even taper (large trees almost R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 3 cylindrical), at the base channelled or with root swellings. The bark is grey or grey-brown, longitudinally fissured and tending to form scales; the inner bark is reddish, exuding a gum when cut. The sap wood is (pale) straw-coloured, the heartwoord (very) pale brown with narrow, concentric, pinkish bands. The wood has a resinous odour and a pale watery-white coloured gum exudes slowly from it and is also present in old wounds in the bark. The species "yields copious supplies of a very inferior gum" (Lane-Poole, op. dt. p. 167). Leaves bright green above, the younger ones (almost) golden beneath, the older ones a duller shade of brown or merely greyish. — Flowering specimens are known from the months of April, July, and August, fruiting ones, from March and from June to September. Anisoptera polyandra occurs throughout New Guinea, even in the Eastern Division of Papua (Milne Bay) and so belongs to the most east- wards extending Dipterocarpaceae (fig. 2). We find it in primary forests F I G . 2. Distribution of Anisoptera polyandra Bl. where it can be the largest tree in its locality. It grows on clayey, sandy, or calcareous, even stony soil on level, never inundated ground as well as on tops and slopes of ridges and mainly on the spurs. Only a few times it is recorded as having its habitat on a bank. It has been found at a maximum altitude of 600 m, with one exception, as Schlechter (19859) 1952] VAN SLOOTEN: Sertulum Dipterocarpacearum—V 13 collected it also at an elevation of 1100 m; the tree, however, mainly occurs between 10 and 200 m above sea level. Generally it is (very) common in its habitat, but it usually grows in scattered specimens or with few spec- imens together. Lane-Poole records (op. cit. pp. 33, 167) that the karawa is very common in the Northern Division of Papua and especially in the Bunda District: it forms (op. cit. p. 119) "a social-two-species-forest with Afzelia bijuga in the foot-hills of the Hydrographer's up to 1,000 feet; above that it is more scattered, and Afzelia. does not occur." According to Schlechter 19859 they are "maehtige Baume, stellenweise massenhaft," according to Zippelius they are "in Massa vorhanden" near the Triton Bay. Brass (no. 9000) calls it a "common canopy tree in rainforest of ridges." SPECIMENS EXAMMtD.—MOLUCCAS. O b i I s . : P. Obira, Kasina (bb.23804,, kora). — A m I s . : P . Kobroor (bb.253t9, j a m a r ) ; P . Wokam (bb.25280, doka). NEW GUINEA. W e s t e r n p a r t : "Vogelkop," Amaroe Lake (bb.22148, avan marei) ; Onin Peninsula, Pikpik (bb.22244, wuhu), Bomberai Peninsula, Agonda (bb. 22328 and 223i8, taire and damar papan respectively), Argoeni Bay, Rauna {bb.22558, damar papan), Triton Bay, Mt. Lihminsir (Zippelius s.n. in Herb. Lugd. Bat. sub nos. 902, 146-52 and -59 to -64 incl., type); Mios Noem (island) (bb.30931, 30932, and 30970, t a a i ) ; Japen I. (bb.30388, baurai; bb.30i02, maniuri; bb.30472, a r m a n i u r i ; bb.30644 and 30652, kansiopi; bb.30675, ansiopi); Mamberamo R. basin, "Pionier- bivouac" (bb.31067, m e r a i t ) ; Hollandia (bb.14568, kandau; bb.2501,6, 25063, and 2 5 6 5 2 ; B r a s s 9 0 0 0 ) ; D i g o e l , 2 0 k m N N E ( W i t k a m p s . n . ) , — E a s t e r n p a r t : J a d u n a (Schkchter 19311; fide Diels in Bot. Jb. 5 7 : 461. 1922); Maboro, 1100 m (SMechter 198S9; fide Diels, I.e.): Morobe (NGF 8SS, "in alluvial silt on flat"; NGF 133 and 1250) ; Vailala R. (Lane-Poole, op. cit. pp. 32, 33, 119, k a r a l a k a ) ; Buna on the Ambogi R. (Lane-Poole 136, g a r a w a ) ; forests between Pernambata and Embi in tbe Hydrographer's Range to 600 m (Lane-Poole 228, karawa or w a r a w a ) ; Embi Lakes, inland from Buna (NGF 1266, balia) ; Sogeri region, 600 m (Forbes 373, type of A. forbesii; Forbes 730, Mt. Wori-wori) ; Milne Bay area, on " a n ironstone-gravel capped ridge in comparatively open forest" (NGF 1296, porluma or baridfl; NGF 1297, ord'-ma or barida; NGF 1301, barida). 3. ANISOPTEEA ?SPEC. NOV. SPECIMEN EXAMINED.—MOLUCCAS. M o r o t a i : Songowo R., 5 0 m (Kostermavs 1387; common, growing in scattered small groups; tree 35 m high with a greyish coloured bole). — Leaves only. The brownish leaves are densely covered with coarse, stellate tufts of rather long hairs on the midrib, nerves, and veins on the lower surface. The young parts of the branches bear a dense tomentum of the same kind. The pairs of main nerves are about 15—18 in number. The petioles are 2.5—3.0 cm long and densely stellate-tomentose. On account of this pubes- cence I am rather sure that this collection represents a new species, distin- guishable from the four species from the Philippines. — Fig. 3. 1 4 H E I N . W A B D T I A [VOL. 2 S p e c i m i n a i n q u i r e n d a ANISOPTERA SPEC. SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—NEW GUINEA. W e s t e r n p a r t : Arfak Mts. {Beccari s.n., 'type' of Anisoptera spec.nov. Dyer; in Herb. Univ. Florent., no. 1517 of Beccari's herbarium). — Broken fruits only. Previously (Van Slooten in Bull. Jard. bot. Buitenz. Ill 8: 15. 1926) I regarded this specimen as belonging to A. polyandra Bl. After having received it from Florence, I find that some caution seems to be called for. The accrescent calyx-segments, the longest of which reaches 10 cm in length and which are at most 1.3 cm wide, are characterised on both sides by a dense indumentum of faintly shining, brown gland- or scale-like emergences which make a different impression from the scale-like indu- mentum characteristic of the lower leaf-surfaces of Anisoptera. These elements of the covering, by their density and their colour, render the sparse star-shaped hairs hardly detectable. I incline to believe that, when more material will become available, the indumentum as just described may furnish more important differences with A. polyandra than the length of the calyx segments emphasized by Dyer (in J. of Bot. 16: 99. 1878). For these reasons I prefer to keep this material apart again from A. polyandra for the time being. — Fig. 3. ANISOPTERA SPEC. SPECIMEN EXAMINED.—NEW GUINEA. W e s t e r n p a r t : Bomberai Peninsula, Tovui, in primary forest on dry, hilly ground on clay (bb.22351, t a i r e ; rather common, although growing scattered). — Leaves only. Not to be identified with one of the two species of Anisoptera known from New Guinea. Slightly resembles A, marginata Korth. but differs in the larger leaves which are greenish or yellowish brown below when dry. Perhaps to be compared with A. aurea Foxw. frorn the Philippines, though the main nerves are less in number and the petioles shorter. — Fig. 3. ?ANISOPTERA SPEC. SPECIMEN EXAMINED.—NEW GUINEA. W e s t e r n p a r t : Hollandia, "Pionier- bivouac" in the Mamberamo R. basin, along rivulet in primary forest on dry, level land on stony soil, 30 m {bb.31344, wapei; young tree 15 m high). — Leaves only. This sterile collection impresses me as a species of Shorea, but may be an Anisopteru although the minute scales on the underside of the 1952] VAN SLOOTEN : Scrtulum Dipterocarpacearum—V leaves, which are typical of this genus, are not so pronounced as is usually the case in Anisoptera. — Fig. 3. F I G . 3. Distribution of Anisoptera ?spec. nov. (Kostermans 1337) (1), Anisoptera spec. (bb. 22351) {21, Anisoptera spec. (Beceari s.n.) (3), and I Anisoptera spec. (bb. 31S44) (4). E x c l u d e d s p e c i e s Anisoptera parvifolia Warburg (in Bot. Jb. 13: 382. 1891; Van Slooten in Bull. Jard. bot. Buitenz. I l l 8: 5. 1926, sphalm. "parviflora") = Hopea parvifolia (Warb.) Van Slooten (see p. 37). H O P E A R o x b . F o r d i s t r i b u t i o n m a p , see f i g u r e 4 4. H O F E A C E L E B I C A B u r c k — F i g . 5 Hopea celebica Burek in Ann. Jard. bot. Buitenz. 6: 237. 1887; Brandis in J. Linn. Soc, Bot. 3 1 : 64. 1895; non sensu Diels in Bot. J b . 57: 462. 1922. TYPE.—Teysmann 12779HB. — Illustrative specimen.—bb.25554. Branches greyish brown puberulous, glabrescent, slightly angular by short elevated ribs decurrent from the insertion of the leaves. Stipules not seen. Leaves drying yellow-brown or greenish yellow, flat, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, attenuate, acuminate, the acumen subacute and up to 1.5 cm long, obtuse or rounded at the hardly asymmetrical base, the margins slightly revolute, especially at the base, 13.0—18.0 cm long, 5.0— R E I B W A K D T I A [VOL. 2 F I G . 4. Distribution of the species of Hopca in eastern Malaysia. The numbers and species correspond as follows: H. celebica Burck H. celebica sensu Diels H. dolosa Van Slooten H. glabrifolia C. T. White H. gregaria Van Slooten H. iriltna Van Slooten H. nabirensis Van Slooten H. nodosa Van Slooten H. navoguineensis Van Slooten H. papuana Diels H. papuana sensu White & F r a n c i s H. parvifolia (Warb.) Van Slooten H. similis Van Slooten Hopea 'spec. nov. (bb. 24903) Hopea fspec. nov. (bb. 26259 and 25320) Hopea 'spec. nov. (NGP 1251) Hopea spec. (Beccari s.ti.) Hopea spec. (bb. 30359) Hopea spec. (NGF 1307) Hopea or Shorea spec. (NGF 1333) Hopea or Shorea spec. (Kostermans 828) 1 17 2 21 3 12 and 10 11 6, 7, and ?12 14 15, 16, 17 and ?20 18 and 720 8 13 4 10 19 9 12 20 20 5 It will be l-eadily noticed that all species of Hopea, whether definitely or tentative- ly recognized, except for at most four, are known each from one locality. (A note of interrogation indicates a doubtful identification.) The numbers 12, 16, 17, and 20 show that only in those regions two or more specifes were collected. The genus Hopea is, therefore, a fine example to demonstrate that our knowledge of the dipterocarps of New Guinea may be expected to increase considerably in the future by an intensive exploration. 6.0 cm wide, glabrous and somewhat shining on both sides; midrib hardly elevated above, prominent beneath; main nerves 7—8 pairs, conspicuous above, elevated beneath, forming sharp angles to the midrib, curved up- wards near the margin; domatia conspicuous, canaliculate, glabrous as is the ostium, present in most of the axils of the main nerves but always absent at the very base; nervules numerous, visible on both sides; petioles robust, Ruberulous, soon glabrous, 1.2—2.0 cm long. Inflorescences axillary and 18 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 2 Stamens 15, in 2 rows, of 2 different lengths; anthers ovate-oblong; fila- ments 1 to 2 times as long as the anthers, broad at the base, narrowing towards the top, the filiform portion as long as the broadened base or absent; appendage to connective linear, up to one and a half times as long as the anther. Ovary ovoid, broad at the base, tapering into the stylopodium, glabrous; stylopodium obviously subpapillose; style very short, as long as the stylopodium, glabrous. Fruit unknown to me (see below). The only Dipterocarpacea from Smith-West Celebes, Hopea celebicu, has only been found twrice, exclusively in the neighbourhood of Maros. — The specimens from the Sepik region of the Territory of New Guinea collected by Ledermann, which were identified by Diels (I.e.) as belonging to this species, must represent a different species (see Hopea, celebica se-nsu Diels). — L. G. den Berger & F. H. Endert (in Meded. Proefst. Boschw., Buitenz. 11; 108 pi. 13 fig. 51. 1925) deal with the principal tim- ber-species of the Malay Archipelago. Among these is pooti from Kendari (SE Celebes). This name must pertain to Hopea gregaria Van Slooten, and not to H. celebica Burck as mentioned there. The description above is entirely taken from specimen bb.25554. It is incomplete, as was Burck's, since open flowers and fruits are lacking. The specimens in the herbaria of Bogor and Leyden do not include fruits; yet very young ones were described by Burck, merely as follows: "Fructus immaturi breviter pedunculati. Calycis fructiferi laciniae majores 7-ner- viae." Backer (no. 36886) collected material with flower-buds, very likely representing H. celebica, in the park of Tjiomas Estate near Buitenzorg (Bogor), now the site of the Forest Research Institute. The tree must have been planted there in Teysmann's time. If attention will be paid to full-grown flowers and ripe fruits, it will be possible some day to describe these completely. SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—CELEBES. S o u t h - w e s t e r n p e n i n s u l a : Maros (Teysmann 12779HB, immediately after blossoming Sept. 1877) ; near Kappang, in old forest on steepy, stony ground (matrix: limestone), 500 m (bb.2555&, fl. buds Sept. 1938, hulodere or k e r i ; common, a few trees growing together; tree 25 m high; bark •with a small quantity of clear resin). 5. Hopea dolosa Van Slooten, spec. nov.—Fig. 6 TYPE.—Kjellberg 2065. Hopeae celebicae Burck valde affinis et foliorum habitu subsimilis, sed ramulis petiolis inflorescentiisque glaberrimis, nervis secondariis pVw- ribus, domatiis paucioribus, sepalis glaberrimis valde inequalibus facile distinguenda. VAN SLOOTEN: Scrtuluin Dipterocarpaccarum—V 19 Branches glabrous, finally lenticellate, dark when dry, without decur- rent ribs.Stipules not seen. Leaves coriaceous, drying (pale) brown on The flower surface,flat, oblong, ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, attenuate FIG. 6. Hopea dolosa Van Slooten: a, flowering branch (X 0.5); b, flower bud (x 3); c, expanded flower (X 3); d, petal (X 5); e, stamens (X 10); f, ovary (x 5) g; immature fruit (X 2). — Drawing after Kjellberg 2065;.. _,. vmg g, after Cel./II-377. 20 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 2 from the lower half, whether or not acuminate, the acumen blunt and 1.0—1.5 cm long, rounded at the base which is symmetrical or very nearly so, the margins conspicuously revolute, (12.0—)15.0—20.0 cm, sometimes even up to 25.0 cm long, usually 6.0—8.0 cm wide, glabrous and hardly shining or dull on both sides; midrib hardly elevated above, prominent beneath; main nerves 8—12 pairs, conspicuous above, elevated beneath, forming wide angles to the midrib, curved upwards near the margin; domatia often absent, but conspicuous and usually in the axils of the higher main nerves only if present, not canaliculate, glabrous; nervules numerous, visible on both sides; petioles robust, rugose, glabrous, (1.0—) 1.5—2.0 cm long. Inflorescences axillary and terminal, solitary or 2—3 together, the rhaehis and branches grooved, flattened, very fine and slen- der, entirely glabrous, drying black, up to 12.0 cm long; branches solitary; ultimate branchlets up to 3.0 cm long, each bearing 5—6 secund flowers; bracts and bracteoles not seen. Flowers 4.0—6.0mm apart, oblong in bud; pedicels glabrous, about 2 mm long. Sepals very unequal in size, fleshy, glabrous, the 2 outer ones linear, broad at the base, blunt or subacute at the top, 3.0—4.0 mm long, 1.0 mm wide, the 3 inner ones ovate, attenuate, acute, membranous at the margins, slightly fringed, about 1.5 mm in diam- eter. Petals oblique-oblong, attenuate, sericeous on the portion exposed in bud, smooth inside, fringed along one margin, about 6.0 mm long, 2.0 mm wide, many-nerved. Stamens 15, in 2 rows, pairs alternating with single stamens, of 3 different lengths, 0.75—1.25 mm long; anthers ovate- oblong, about 0.5mm long; filaments broad and flattened at the base and as wide as the anther, filamentous in the upper portion, about 0.50— 0.75 mm long; appendage to connective linear, up to 1.5mm long. Ovary ovoid-oblong, broad at the base, about 2.0 mm long, glabrous; stylopodium glabrous or very slightly pubescent; style glabrous, very short, as long as the stylopodium, together about 0.75 mm long. Fruiting calyx segments (of immature fruit) glabrous on both sides, the 2 long wings linear or spathulate, obtuse at the top, at the very base narrowed and flat, about 7-nerved (the rest too immature for description). Tree up to 40 m high. Bark black-grey, producing a small quantity of white or pale yellow7 clear resin, which in the Malili District is common- ly known as damar mata kuching, in the surroundings of Lengkobale also as damar dere. In his "Harsonderzoek" (p. 286) Endert mentions this resin as being produced by H. celebica, and ranges it under the beautiful mata kuching resins. He says (p. 283) that this tree is tapped, which, however, is annuled in "Herkomst Damar" (pp. 1-2). An experiment in 1935 showed that tapping did not stimulate the production of resin. "It is said that only trees in bad condition produce the resin spontaneously in considerable quantities." The flowers are whitish yellow' and have been collected in August; very young fruits are known from September and January. 1952] VAN SLOOTEN: Sertuhtm Dipterocarpacearum—V 21 From bb.8569 the following data have been derived. Tree with small buttresses. Bark coffee-brown, shallowly longitudinally fissured, flaking off in small patches; inner bark yellowish white. Sapivood pale brown. Heartwood brown, sharply demarcated from the sapwood. The wood is in great demand (for instance for doorposts), as it is said to be very durable if used together with the bark. Though it is difficult to fell, it is easy to split, to saw, and to plane; it is resistant to attacks of sea- and river- pileworms, white ants, Cryptotermes sp,, powderpost beetles, Xylocopa, and rotting; it splits, shrinks, and warps only little. Hopea dolosa is a tree of the primary forest in the Malili District from steepy ground on rocky or clayey soil, whether or not growing along liver or lake; only twice (bb.8569 and 32526) it is recorded from soil which is temporarily inundated by fresh water (during the rainy season). it has been found at an altitude of 500 m (bb.23839), but the localities of the majority of the trees (Usu and Lengkobale) are between 150 and 300 m above the sea. Kjellberg collected his specimen at sea level. Locally it is (very) common near Malili, though it always grows scattered or with a few trees together. The material, consisting merely of leaves, looks deceptively ('dolosus') like H. celebica Burck: the leaves differ only slightly and are but little thicker . The lateral nerves, however, are at much wider angles to the midrib, which angles are clearly acute in H. celebica. In H. dolosa the domatia are found generally in the leaf axils of the higher nerves. They are fewer in number and less clear than in H. celebica and are often lacking altogether. The inflorescences and their ramifications are com- pletely glabrous and black when dry, in H. celebica, however, they are greyish pubescent; the terminal ramifications are sparsely flowered, and the stalk and calyx of the flowers are also completely glabrous. SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—CELEBES. S o u t h - e a s t e r n p e n i n s u l a . Malili Dis- t r i c t : Lampea, along the coast (Kjellberg 2065), Usu (Cd.lII-206 to -209, hulo d e r e ; Cti. II-S77, damar dere item; bb.£1654 to 21658; bb.82526, damar dere lotong), Dopi 4api ibb.23839), La Rona (bb.1826, bisik bisilt; bb.1832, damar dere; bb1897, rinni rani; bb.1905, sare pare; bb.X91i, torinni; bb.1868), Lengkobale, along lake (bb.20522 to20534 and bb.23918), W a r a u (66.25535), Timampu, along lake (bb.8569, damar « r « item). 6. Hopea gregaria Van Slooten, spec. nov.—Fig. 7 TYPE.—Kjellberg 615. Species nova nuce globosa rostellata segmentis maioribus patentibus ct ncurratis nucem non superantibus facile distinguenda*. Branches slightly puberulous, glabrescent, drying blackish, with very : elevated ribs below the insertion of the petioles. Stipules not seen. R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 2 Leaves coriaceous, brown or brownish green when dry, flat, ovate-oblong or oblong, from the lower half gradually tapering into the apex, whether or not acuminate, blunt at the top, base (sub) equal and rounded or obtuse, the margins usually slightly revolute, especially at the base, 10.0—14.0 cm long, 4.0—6.0 cm wide (in the flowering specimen, bb.21750, most of the leaves much smaller), glabrous on both sides, shining above, dull beneath; midrib visible above, slightly elevated beneath; main nerves about 8 pairs, not elevated above, slightly so beneath; domatia usually absent, very few in number in the lower axils, hardly developed and glabrous if present; nervules visible on both sides; petioles robust, rugose, glabrous, 1.0 cm long. Inflorescences axil- lary and terminal, solitary or sometimes in pairs, the rha- chis and branches densely brownish tomentose, 5.0—7.0 cm long; branchlets solitary, up to 2.0 cm long, 5—8-flow- ered; bracts and bracteoles not seen. Flowers (bb.21750) with very short pedicels. Sepals subequal in length, broadly ovate, about 2.0 mm in diameter, the portions ex- posed in bud densely puber- ulous, blunt or rounded at the top; the 2 outer ones puber- ulous on the upper half in- lde, the 3 other ones gla- brous inside, the third sepal PIG. 7. Hopea gmgaria Van Slooten: a, fruiting one-sided, the 2 inner ones blanch (X 0.5); 6 and c, immature fruits (X 2) : two-sided, membranous. Pet- als oblique-oblong, attenuate, puberulous on the portion ex- d, mature fruit (X 2). — Drawing after Kjell- berg 618. posed in bud, smooth inside, erose at the top and along one margin, about 4.5 mm long and 2.0 mm wide, many-nerved. Stamens 15, of 3 different lengths, pairs alternating with single stamens, about 0.75 mm long; anthers suboblong, about 0.25mm long; filaments broad and flattened at the base and as wide as the anther (about 0.25 mm), filamentous in the upper half, about 0.5 mm long; appendage to connective linear, about twice as long as the anther. Ovary with stylopodium oblong, slightly con- 1952] VAN SLOOTEN: Sertulum Dipterocarpaceanim—V 23 stricted in the middle, together about 1.0 mm long, the ovary glabrous, the stylopodium subpapillose and rounded at the top; style very short, about 0.25 mm long. Fruiting calyx segments coriaceous, not overtopping the nut, puberulous at the very base outside, glabrous inside, the 2 outer wings spreading and reflexed, oblong, rounded at the top, about 10.0 mm long and 4.0 mm wide, the 3 inner wings enveloping the base of the nut, ovate , rounded at the top, about 4.0—5.0 mm long and 4.0 mm wide. Nut woody, (sub) globular, pointed, glabrous, about 7.5 mm in diameter. The field notes of bb.3885 give the following data. Tree with a very straight bole, said to be hollow when adult; buttresses small. Bark brown- ish black, shallowly longitudinally fissured; inner..bark white. Sapwood hardly present, somewhat paler coloured than the pale brown heartwood. The wood is said to be very good for interior constructions and is used for roofs, doorposts, handles of axes, etc.; it is easy to fell, though difficult to split, to saw, and to plane and it is resistant to sea-pileworms, white ants , and powderpost beetles; it splits, shrinks, and warps only little. Hopea gregaria is a tree up to 35 m high, producing usually a small quantity of clear candle-white or yellowish resin. It occurs in the Kendari District only, where it is commonly called poo'ti. There is a rather pure pooti stand at the Staring Bay near the coast on hills steeply rising up from the sea. Such a complex is said to be known from this place only through the species is growing gregariously also on Pulau Wawosunggu. The species occurs in primary forest on dry, hilly or steepy ground on stony or clayey soil. The complex at the Staring Bay lies at an elevation of about 60 m, but the altitudinal limit of H. gregaria is apparently 200 m (kampong Langgowala). Hopea gregaria appears to be a very conspicuous species by its pecul- iar fruits, the two large calyx-segments at best being as long as the nut . These segments are spreading and reflexed and quite free from the lower portion of the fruit, which is globular and enveloped in its lower half only by the three smaller wings. As a result the nut is nearly com- pletely visible. L. G. den Berger & F. H. Endert cite pooti from Kendari under tho most important timbers of the Malaysian Archipelago. The name refers to hopea gregaria Van Slooten and not to H. celebica Burck as was sup- posed. SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—CELEBES. S o u t h - e a s t e r n p e n i n s u l a : Kendari District: Kendari {Kjellberg 615, fr. March 1929; Brainier 50), Wawunggu (bb.3885), P. Wawosunggu (bb.5001, fl. Nov. 1922; bb.9350, fl. Aug. 1924; bb.24071; bb.24072 ind 24073, fr. April 1938), Langgowala (bb.21750, fl. Dec. 1939). 24 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 2 7. HOPEA ?SPEC. NOV. SPECIMEN EXAMINED.—MOLUCCAS. H a l m a h e r a : Weda District, Tiloppe, in primary forest on hilly ground on stony soil (matrix: coral), at sea level (bb.2i903). — Leaves only. A large-leaved species of Hopea which is said to be rather rare though growing gregariously, obviously occurring locally only. In type of leaf actually closely related with H. novoguineensis and H. sirnilis, the leaves being similar in size and shape, but readily distinguish- able by the hairy undersurface and the barbate domatia in the lower half or third part below. These domatia it has in common with H. philip- pinensis Dyer which species, however, is quite distinct in the glabrous, differently shaped leaves. The vernacular name reported for it is tandjung, which, however, is untrustworthy. This collection represents the only species of Hopea known from the northern Moluccas up till now, the following collection originating more eastwards, viz. from the Aru Islands. 8. HOPEA ?SPEC. NOV. SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—MOLUCCAS. A r u I s . : P. Wokam, in primary forest on dry, hilly ground on sandy clay (matrix: limestone), 25 m ibb.25259, kamura; tree 31 m high); P. Kobrobr, in primary forest on dry, level ground on sandy clay, 10 m (bb.25320, kamura; tree 23 m high), — Leaves and a few remnants of inflorescences only. In appearance this species of Hopea, which is said to be rather common on the islands mentioned, though it grows in scattered specimens, comes nearest to the Celebesian species of this genus. From H. celebica Burck it differs by its leaves, which have a conspicuous asymmetrical base, 10—12 pairs of main nerves forming far less sharp angles to the midrib, and no or hardly differentiated domatia. The rhachis and branches of the inflorescences are densely greyish tomentose in contradistinction to the glabrous ones in H. dolosa. Of H. gregaria it is distinguishable, for instance, by the number of main nerves and the colour of the pubescence of the inflorescences. The underside of the leaves, which is soft to the touch, is covered with minute, scale-like, stellate hairs only visible under high magnification and vanishing in the older leaves. They are absent in the Celebesian species mentioned above. Only remnants of inflorescences are present. 1352] VAN SLOOTEK: Sertulum Diptemcarpacearum—V 25 9. Hopea nodosa Van Slooten, spec. nov.—Fig. 8 TYPE.—Pleyte 689. Species nova ramis nodosis, foliis latissime acuminatis, paginis super- ioribus pilis minutissimis stellatim fasciculatis munitis itaque quasi squamulosis facile cognoscenda. Branches glabrous, drying brownish or dark in colour, with long decurrent ribs making the branchlets subangular. Stipules not seen. F I G . 8. Hopea nodosa Van Slooten: a, flowering twig (x 0.5); b, flower bud (X 4 ) ; c, mature flower (x 4 ) ; d, mature flower, sepals partly and petals all removed (X 4 ) ; e, stamens (X 10) ; f, ovary (x 5 ) ; g, mature fruit (nat. size). — Drawing after Pleyte G89; g, after bb. 21884. Leaves coriaceous, the younger drying yellowish green on both sides, the older ones brownish, flat, ovate-oblong or ovate, rarely oblong, attenuate 26 R E I N W A R D T 1 A [VOL. 2 from the lower half, acuminate, the acumen broad and plump, blunt, 0.5—1.0 cm long, rounded at the symmetrical base, margins not revolute, 12.0—16.0(—20.0) cm long, 6.0—8.0 cm wide; shining on both sides when young, dull or nearly so when adult, seemingly glabrous, but sprinkled with minute pits only visible under high magnification and perhaps due to very minute, scale-like, stellate hairs above, to a lesser extent so beneath; midrib hardly elevated above, strongly prominent beneath: main nerves 9 pairs, visible and slightly sunken above, elevated beneath, strongly curved upwards near the margin and whether or not confluent in the upper half; domatia absent or hardly differentiated in the very base of the axils, not canaliculate; nervules and venation hardly visible on both sides; petioles robust, rugose, glabrous, 1.0—1.5cm long. Inflores- cences axillary, solitary or 2—4 together, the rhachis grooved, slender, glabrous, drying brown, 4.0—6.0cm long; ultimate branchlets solitary, 1.0 cm long at the utmost, 4—5-flowered; bracts and bracteoles not seen. Flowers 1.0—1.5mm apart, ovoid in bud; pedicels glabrous, 1.0 mm long. Sepals equal in length, glabrous, 1.5 mm in diameter, the 2 outer ones fleshy, broadly ovate, attenuate, acute, the 3 inner ones suborbicular, the third sepal one-sided, the 2 inner ones two-sided, membranous. Petals linear-oblong, the top oblique, blunt and erose, sericeous on the portion exposed in bud, smooth inside, 5.0 mm long, 1.0 mm wide, many-nerved. Stamens 15, in 2 rows, pairs alternating with single stamens, of 3 dif- ferent lengths, 0.75—1.0 mm long; anthers subovate, about 0.25 mm long; filaments broad and flattened at the base and as wide as the anther, filamentous in the upper portion, 0.5—0.75 mm long; appendage to con- nective linear, about 0.75 mm long. Ovary and stylopodium subconical, hardly constricted halfway, glabrous, the upper (stylopodial) portion sub- papillose, less than 1.5 mm long; style short, less than 0.5 mm long. Hopea nodosa is very easily distinguished by the swollen nodes of the branches and by the broad and plump acumen of the leaves; there seems to be little difficulty in identifying the species by these vegetative characters alone. By the very fine, scale-like, stellate hairs, too, which high magnification reveals the upper surface of the leaves to be punctate, H. nodusa is easily distinguishable from other species as H. celebica, H. dolosa, and H. gregaria, with which it undoubtedly is closely related. Moreover, the named species are quite distinct in details of inflorescential and floral morphology. SPECIMEN EXAMINED.—NEW GUINEA. W e s t e r n p a r t : "Vogelkop," Kela- mono near Sorong, in primary forest on ridge of hill, 30 m (Pleyte 689, fl. Aug. 1948; common; tree 40 m high; flower pale brown). Though the minute pits on the upper surface are less conspicuous in the two following collections, I consider them also to belong here. If I am right Hopea nodosa is a wingless member of the genus. The descrip- tion of the fruit then would be, as drawn up from bb. 21884, as follows. 1952] VAN SLOOTEN: Sertuhtm Dipterocarpacearum—V 27 Fruiting calyx segments closely embracing the lower portion of the nut but quite free from it, unequal in size, none of them reaching the top of the nut, woody, the margins thin, brownish, glabrous, the 2 outer sepals smaller than the 3 inner ones, oval, about half as high as the mature nut, unequal in size, 0.5 and 0.6 cm long, 0.4 and 0.5 cm wide, the 3 inner sepals suborbicular to transversely oval, concave, two-thirds of the length of the nut, about 0.7 cm long and 0.8 cm wide. Nut ovoid, somewhat flattened, attenuate, pointed, glabrous, 1.0 cm long, about 0.5— 0.6 cm wide. The material of bb.21878 belonging to the Forest Research Institute at Bogor was lost during the war and there is no duplicate in Herbarium Bogoriense. The data on the label are detailed enough to conclude that the same species as bb.21884 is involved. NEW GUINEA. W e s t e r n p a r t : "Vogelkop," Kariri a t Kamundan R., i n primary forest on dry, level ground on sandy soil, 3 m \bb.21878 and 21SSi, biamo(ro); very common locally; tree up to 25 m high; bark with a small quantity of r e s i n ] . I doubt if the following specimen belongs here as the leaves are thin and the petioles slender, perhaps because they were taken from a young tree (15m high). However, the branches are somewhat nodose and the upper surface of the leaves are punctate as in H. nodosa. Domatia are lacking. NEW GUINEA. W e s t e r n p a r t ; Japen I.: Seroei, i n primary forest o n hilly ground on stony soil, 50 m (bb.30589, k u r e ; common; young tree of 15 m high). — Leaves only. 10. Hopea nabirensis Van Slooten, spec. nov.—Fig. 9 TYPE.-Kanehira & Hatusima 12544. Species nova foliis ovatis glabris, domatiorum canaliculatorum ostio distinctissimo munitorum magnitudine inusitata facile distinguenda. Branchlets glabrous, drying dark. Leaves subcoriaceous, ovate or oval, acutely acuminate-caudate at the asymmetrical apex, conspicuously un- equal and usually cuneate at the base, the margins there revolute, 7.5—10.0 cm long, 4.0—4.5 cm wide; entirely glabrous on both surfaces, dull and drying greyish green above, slightly shining and brownish green beneath; midrib elevated on both surfaces, particularly on the lower, pale; main nerves 8—9 pairs, hardly raised above, prominent beneath, in the axils of 4—6 pairs furnished with very conspicuous, glabrous, canaliculate domatia with very large, glabrous ostia, the impression of the domatia being visible on the upper surface; tertiary nerves not elev- ated but clearly defined and visible on both surfaces; petioles rather slender, not thickened in the upper half, glabrous, drying black, up to 1.0 cm long. Inflorescences obviously solitary in the axils of the leaves and unbranched, greyish pubescent. Flowers unknown. Fruit very shortly R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 2 stalked; calyx-segments woody at the base, closely embracing the lower portion of the nut, glabrous or with hardly any remnants of a very fine pubescence, the 2 long wings obovate-oblong, rounded or subretuse at the apex, narrowed downward up to the base, 6.0—7.5 cm long (including the very base), 1.5—2.0 cm wide, about 12-nerved, the 3 short wings obtuse at the apex and only half height of the nut, about 0.5 cm long. Nut ovoid, pointed by the style remnant, glabr- ous, about 1.0 cm long, the upper half free. This is a distinct species by its large domatia though for the rest they are typical of many species of the genus. They are very conspicuous, canaliculate, not barbate, with a dis- tinct, glabrous ostium, situated a few millimeters outside the axil of the main nerves, while the bases of these nerves are pressed downwards. The species is also characterised by its ovate leaves, which are entirely gla- brous. F I G . 9. Hopea nabirensis Van Slooten: «, leafy twig (x 0.5); &, p a r t of leaf showing domatia (nat. size); c, mature fruit (X 0.5) — Drawing after Kane- hira & Hatusima 12544. SPECIMEN EXAMINED.—NEW GUINEA. W e s t e r n p a r t : Geelvink Bay, Sennen (40 km inwards of Nabire), in Agathis forest, 500 m (Kanehira & Hatusima 125^4, fr. March 1940; tree 30m high). 11. Hopea iriana Van Slooten, spec. nov.—Fig. 10 TYPE.—bb.25644. Species nova foliis levibus utrinque pilis minutissimis squamiformibus stellate-fasdculatis vestitis, venatione reticuiata, distributionis domatio- rum modo alanimque maiorum forma distinguenda. Young parts of branches very slightly puberulous, soon glabrescent, drying dark in colour, with long, elevated ribs decurrent along the greater part of the internodium. Stipules not seen. Leaves coriaceous, drying greyish on the upper, brown on the lower, surface, flat, oblong or obovate- oblong (in bb.30645 lanceolate), attenuate, acuminate, the acumen acute and up to 1.0 cm long, usually conspicuously unequal at the base, rounded on one side, cuneate on the other, the margins hardly revolute, 8.0—11.0 cm long, 3.0—4.5 cm wide; dull on both sides or hardly shining above, both 1852] VAN SLOOTEN: Sertulum Dipterocaypacearum—V 29 surfaces very densely covered with an extremely minute, scale-like, stellate pubescence (only visible under high magnification); midrib hardly elevat- ed above in the lower half, prominent beneath; main nerves 7—9 pairs, visible above, slightly elevated beneath; domatia conspicuous and in the axils of the lower main nerves only if present, canaliculate, glabrous, their impression being visible on the upper surface, obviously always F I G . 10. Hopea iriana Van Slooten; a, fruiting twig (X 0.5); b, p a r t of leaf showing domatia (nat. size). — Drawing after bb. 25644. absent in the axils of the lowest pair of nerves at the very base, a number of leaves without domatia; nervules- numerous, faint but visible to the naked eye on both sides, connected by a reticulate venation; petioles slender, hardly pubescent, soon glabrous, 0.75—1.0 cm long. Flowers and ripe fruits unknown. Infructescences axillary and terminal, obviously mainly solitary and hardly branched, the rhachis and branchlets fine and SO R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL, 2 slender, densely pale brown or greyish stellate-tomentose, (as far as present) up to 6.0 cm long. Fruiting calyx segments (of immature fruit) minutely puberulous on both sides, the 2 long wings oblong or subobovate- oblong, more than twice as long as wide, rounded at the top, at the very base narrowed and flat, 10—11-nerved, the 3 short wings about as long as the (unripe) nut (the rest too immature for description). The field notes of bb.25060 are as follows. Tree with a very straight bole and black branches. Leaves somewhat yellowish green-. Bark black, with many deep, longitudinal fissures, shedding in long,' thick patches; inner bark in transverse section pale brown. Heartwood yellowish brown. Hopea iriana has been found in primary, rather heavy forest on hilly ground on clay or sand, rich in mould. Near Hollandia it seems to be rather common, though growing in small groups, at an elevation of about 50 m. SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—NEW GUINEA. W e s t e r n p a r t : Japen I.: Seroei, 250m (bb.30645, sam; tree 25m high). Hollandia, on hill, 5 0 m (bb.25060 and 256H, the second with very young fruits July 1938; tree 22m high). 12. Hopea similis Van Slooten, spec. nov. TYPE.—Docters van Leeuwen 10247. Hopeae novoguineensi Van Slooten valde similis sed foliis basi non inaequilateralibus, in iuventute tomento minutissimo sublatericiis, margi- nibus in sicco valde revolutis, domatiis absentibus, inflorescentiis longio- ribus dense brunneo-stellato-tomentosis recedit. Branchlets densely rusty stellate-tomentose, glabreseent and drying dark in colour and becoming Ientieellate, flattened and slightly angular by long elevated ribs decurrent along the whole of the internodium. Stipules not seen. Leaves drying brown, the younger ones somewhat brick-coloured below by a very dense and extremely minute, tomentose, finally vanishing pubescence, thickly chartaceous, oblong, 16.0—20.0 cm long, 6.0—8.0 cm wide, rather abruptly acuminate, the acumen blunt and 0.5—1.0 cm long, equal at the rounded base or nearly so, the margins strongly revolute at the very base; glabrous and hardly shining above, dull and with remnants of a stellate pubescence on the midrib and main nerves beneath, without domatia; midrib not prominent on the upper, strongly elevated on the lower, surface; main nerves 12—16 pairs, visible above, elevated beneath; nervules joining the principal nerves in very numerous subparallel lines, visible on both sides; petioles thick, rusty tomentose, soon glabrous or nearly so, drying black, 1.25—1.5 cm long. Panicles axillary (partly in axils of recently fallen leaves) and terminal, solitary or in pairs, shorter than the leaves, lax, up to 13.0 cm long; ultimate branehlets bearing 4—6 biseriate, secund flowers, up to 2.0cm long; pedicels very short; axes of inflorescences and pedicels covered by a dense, rusty or brownish coloured tomentum of stellate hairs. Flowers ovate in bud. Sepals unequal in shape, equal in length, about 2.5 mm long, 2 ovate, attenuate towards 1952] VAN SLOOTEN: Sertulum Dipterocarpacearum—V 31 the obtuse apex, fleshy, densely stellate-tomentose outside, puberulous on the upper portion inside, minutely fimbriate, 1.5—2.0 mm wide at the base,the 3 inner ones broadly ovate, about 2.5 mm wide, rounded at the top, the centre rather thick, the dorsal part minutely pubescent, glabrous inside, slightly fimbriate towards the apex, the third sepal one-sided, the 2 inner ones two-sided, membranous. Petals of mature flowers and stamens not seen; stamens possibly 15, remnants of 2 opposite filaments being present. Ovary in the very young fruit subconical, constricted in the middle, glabrous, the upper (stylopodial) portion subpapillose, style 1.0 mm long. Fruits unknown. In outward appearance herbarium specimens of H. similis are rather like those of H. novoguineensis, with which it belongs to the largest-leaved species from New Guinea. The differences between them are partly per- haps of degree rather than kind, but nevertheless, by the sum of them I feel confident in separating the collections specifically. The differences are the following: in H. similis the undersurface of the leaf in a young stage is brick coloured when dry owing to a very fine tomentum of minute, stellate hairs; the leaf is equal at the base and strongly involute, the margins being inflexed over their length up till the very top in diminishing degree; domatia are entirely absent; the petioles are 1.25—1.50cm long; the inflorescences may be 13.0 cm in length, the texture of their branches and flowers is distinct, forming a close rusty or brownish coloured tomen- tum; the stamens may be 15 in number. Since the two collections are quite distinct in these respects I consider them worthy of specific rank until additional material may possibly prove them to be conspeeific. As to the absence of domatia, it is known to me that in a number of species their presence in the axils of the nerves is variable. However, as not the slightest indication exists that they may be present by way of exception, I am inclined provisionally to attach some value to this character when seer, in combination with the other differences mentioned above. SPECIMEN EXAMINED.—NEW GUINEA. W e s t e r n p a r t : Rouffaer R., 250 m (Dorters van Leemuen 10217, fl. buds Sept. 1928). According to a list of plants collected by Docters van Leeuwen, his no. 10468 also represents a species of Hopea. Probably it belongs here, originating from the same locality and having been collected in the same month though at an altitude of 350 m. Specimen as well as label have been lost. 13. HOPEA NOVOGUINEENSIS Van Slooten Hopea novoguineenKis Van Slooten in Nova Guinea 14: 224 pi. la. 1926. TYPE.—Feuilletau de Bruyn 74. Branches glabrous, dark, lenticellate, with rather distinct, elevated ribs decurrent along the internodium. Leaves thickly chartaceous, oblong 3 2 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 2 or oblong-ovate, 14.0—23.0 cm long, 6.5—9.5 cm wide, rather abruptly acu- minate, the acumen blunt and 0.75—1.0 cm long, mostly markedly unequal at the base, rounded or subcordate on one side, cuneate or angulate-cuneate on the other, shining" and glabrous on both surfaces, with domatia in the axils of the main nerves of the lower half beneath, the domatia in pairs in the lowest axils, glabrous and with distinct ostia, their impressions faintly visible on the upper surface; midrib strongly elevated beneath, slightly prominent above; main nerves 14—16 pairs, visible above, elevat- ed beneath; nervules joining the principal nerves in very numerous subparallel lines, inconspicuous above, visible beneath; petioles thick, glabrous, 0.7—1.0 em long, blackish when dry. Panicles axillary .(some- times in axils of recently fallen leaves), obviously solitary and branched from the very base or with 2 or 3 main branches, much shorter than the leaves, lax, up to 9.0 cm long; ultimate branches subtended by caducous bracts, bearing few biseriate flowers, about 4.0 cm long; pedicels 1.0 mm long; axes of inflorescences and pedicels densely greyish or greyish brown stellate-pubescent. Flowers 8.0 mm long, 9.0 mm in diameter. Sepals une- qual in size and shape: 2 oblong, attenuate towards the obtuse apex, fleshy, densely stellate-pubescent outside and on the upper portion inside, on the lower portion glabrous, minutely fimbriate, 2.75—3.25 mm long, 1.5—1.75 mm wide at the base, the inner 3 broadly ovate, the centre rather thick, the dorsal part minutely pubescent, otherwise glabrous, slightly fimbriate towards the apex, about 2.0 mm in diameter. Petals lanceolate, rotundate at the base, rather abruptly attenuate towards the unequal-sided apex, the margins very finely and shortly fimbriate, 7.5 mm long, 2.0 mm wide, stellate-pubescent on the portion exposed in bud, otherwise glabrous, many-nerved. Stamens 10, in 1 row, of 2 sizes, longer ones (1.75—2.0 mm) alternating with shorter ones (1.75—L1.5 mm); filaments flattened, 0.5 mm long or snorter, as long as or longer than the anthers; appendage to connective as long as the anthers. Ovary and stylopodium very minutely pubescent, 1.0 mm in diameter; stylopodium attenuate, surmounted by the very short style, nearly as long as the smaller sepals. Fruit unknown. As no complementary data are available I give here my original description in translation since it has not been published in a periodical of Herbarium Bogoriense. The description of the flowers is taken from the single one present, which I had to dissect; the unripe fruits are much too young for description. In 1926 H. novoguineensis was compared by me with three other species from eastern Malaysia and the Philippines, as follows: "H. papua- na Diels . . „ a" species of N. E. New-Guinea, is discernible, i.a. by the 'pilis stellatis majoribus minoribusque dispersis' on the lower sides of the leaves, which measure 15—717 by 41.4—8 cm., and by the absence of domatia in the axils of the lateral nerves, the number of the latter amounting to 18—22 pairs. In H. philippinensis Dyer . . . these domatia are barbate, while the axes of the inflorescence are glabrous and the branchlets, petioles, VAN" SLOOTEN: ScettiUtm DiptcnwarjMCcanwi—V 33 midribs and lateral nerves of the narrowly oblong leaves are usually finely and more or less densely fusco-canescent. H. celebicu- Burck comes nearest to H. novoguineensis, La. by the glabrous domatia, but it possesses much smaller leaves (10—15 by 4 1/2—6cm.) and a much smaller number of lateral nerves (7—9)." SPECIMEN EXAMINED.—NEW GUINEA. W e s t e r n p a r t : Idenburg R., i n forest on riverclay, 40 m {Feuilletau da Bruyu 74, fl. and very young fr. Sept. 1914; tree 25 m high; wood said to belong to the softwoods; flowers yellowish). 1 4 . H O P E A PAPUANA D i e l s — F i g . 11 Hopea imimhui Dieis in Bot. Jb. 57: 461. 1922. TYPE.—Ledermann 10432. Young branches densely t'erruginous-tomentose. Leaves coriaceous, obovate-oblong or obovate-ellip- tic, 15.0—17.0 cm long, 4.5—8.0 cm wide, acuminate, the acumen acute and up to 1.5 cm long, unequal at the emarginate or subcordate base, the upper sur- face shining and glabrous, the lower surface dull and scabrous by larger and smaller stellate hairs, without domatia; midrib slightly prominent above, strongly elevated and furnished with coarse, tufted, stellate hairs beneath; main nerves (12—) 16—22 pairs, visible abo- ve, conspicuously elevated and coarsely stellate-hairy beneath; nervules conspicuous, parallel, and with occasional stellate hairs on the lower surface; peti- oles thick, densely covered with coarse, stellate hairs, 0.7—0.8 cm long. Inflorescences axillary, solitary, simple or branched from the very base, much shor- ter than the leaves, up to 5.0 cm long. Flowers: "Stamens 15, connectives subulate-elong- ate, stylopodium conspicuous" (Schlechter 17480). Fruiting alyx segments at their base fig.11 Hopea papuana Diels: a, leafy closely embracing the nut,the branch (x0.5); b base of leaf (nat.siz); 2 long wings oblanceolate, (sub) c,mature fruits(x 0.5).-Drawing after Ledermann 10432 34- R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 2 obtuse at the top, strongly angustate towards the base, up to 10.0 cm long, 1.5—2.0 cm wide, above the very base only a few mm wide, glabrous, 7—9-nerved. Tree up to 25 m high (Ledermann 10432) ; crown round and dense; wood brown (Brass & Versteegh 14001) ; bark greyish brown, Leaves shining dark green with whitish midrib. Fruit green; calyx-lobes white (immature?!). Hopea papuana was recorded for the first time from the Territory of New Guinea, where it has been found in the Sepik region on hills in dense forest with scanty undergrowth of Pandanus, slender palms, and lianes, between an altitude of 50—120 m. The above description has been completed and emendated as far as the inadequate material permits: new fertile collections are not available. Diels did not describe the flowers and I have not seen them; the brief diagnosis given above is taken from an annotation accompanying Schlech- ter 17480. For comparison with other large-leaved species of Hopea from eastern Malaysia and the Philippines, see H. novoguineensis. SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—NEW GUINEA. W e s t e r n p a r t : Idenburg R., Bern- hard Camp, in primary rain-forest on ridge, 150m (Brass & Versteegh 14001; common; leaves only April 1939). — E a s t e r n p a r t : Sepik region, Malu, "in dichtem Urwald der Hfigelkette," 50—100 m (Ledermann 101,32, fr. Jan. 1913), J a t u n a , in forests, 120m (Schlechter I748o, fl. buds March 1908). There are two sterile collections from Hollandia which resemble H. papuana. The first, bb.25089, is a small-leaved specimen, but the leaves have about the same shape, the same coarse pubescence, and the same colour when dry, while the petioles are as short as in Diels' species. The leaves of bb.28010 are of about the same size as those of Ledermann 10432, but they differ in number of the main nerves (24—28 pairs). NEW GUINEA. W e s t e r n p a r t : Hollandia, i n primary forest o n hill north of the town, 50 m (bb.25089; tree 37 m high; buttresses 1.0 m high; bole dark, the bark scaling off in large patches; heartwood brown; bb£8010, without d a t a ) . A third collection cited below also resembles H. papuana, by the dense young parts of its branches. However, the leaves are elliptic, smaller, and much less scabrous, their base is nearly equal and the petioles are slightly longer. The flower buds are too young for description. NEW GUINEA. E a s t e r n p a r t : Milne Bay area, near Mapo, i n rather mixed oak forest, about 450 m (NGF 1842, fl. March 1945, emisopua; tree about 30 m .over all; bole 15 m, no buttresses; outer bark brown with pale lenticels arranged in B62] VAN SLOOTEN : Sertulum Diptcvocarpacearum-—V 35 longitudinal lines, scaly in a few patches; sapwoud pals s t r a w ; heart brown; wood fairly hard). 1 5 . HOPEA ?SPEC. NOV.—Fig. 12 SPECIMEN EXAMINED.—NEW GUINEA. E a s t e r n p a r t : Morobe District, Ooinsis Creek at the foot of the Labu-Wau Road, on the slopes of a ridgy, mainly in the. gulleys, 215 m (NGF 1251; t r e t about 50 m over-all with r a t h e r sparse, narrow crown; bole about 30m, spur rootsd to about 0.75 m; outer bark dark brown, prominently longitudinally fis- sured ; sapwood pale s t r a w ; heartwood brown; wood harder, heavier and darker in colour than that of Aniscptem poly- andra; "fovaeolae present in axils of main nerves"). — Leaves only. The last character is a very striking one because of the con- spicuous domatia which are cana- liculate with a glabrous ostium and which can be found all over the undersurface of the leaves: they are present in the axils of the very base and in those of the main nerves as well as in the axils of the nervules. They resemble those of H. nabirensis though they are smaller and more numerous; more- over, the named species is quite distinct in the shape of its leaves. F I G . 12. Ho pea ?spec. vov.: a, leafy branch (x 0.5); b, base of leaf showing the domatia (nat. size). — Drawing after NGF 1251, 16. HOPEA GLABKIFOLIA C. T. White.—Fig. 13 Hopeu glabrifotia C. T. White in Proc. roy. Soc. Queensl. 43: 40. 1932. TYPE.—Staniforth Smith s.n. from Misima I. Topmosts parts of young branchlets puberulous; branchlets soon glabrous, drying blackish. Stipules caducous, lanceolate, puberulous on both sides. Leaves coriaceous, oblong or oblong-elliptic, attenuate, whether or not acuminate, the acumen about 0.5—] .0 cm long, base unequal, rounded on one side and subcordate on the other, in young leaves equal or nearly so and subcordate, the margin not revolute, 10.0—14.0 cm long, 3.5—4.5 cm wide, hardly shining or dull on the upper, dull on the lower, surface; midrib not or slightly elevated above, prominent beneath; midrib and main nerves initially hardly sprinkled with minute, stellate hairs beneath, very soon glabrous; main nerves 9—11 pairs, visible above, RE I N W A R D T I A [VOL. t elevated beneath, forming sharp angles to the midrib; domatia absent; petioles nearly immediately glabrous, 0.5—0.75 cm long. Inflorescences axillary and terminal, obviously always solitary, the rhachis and branches slender, greyish puberulous, up to 5.0 cm long; ultimate branchlets solitary, at most 1.5cm long, 3—4-flowered; pedicels very short; bracts minute, ovate, puberulous. Sepals unequal in length and in shape, the 2 outer ones fleshy, ovate, dense- ly lepidote-tomentose outside, glabrous inside the upper half excepted, blunt or rounded at the top, very broad at the base and there 1.5 mm wide, about 2.0 mm long, in the upper half 0.75 mm wide, the 3 inner ones broadly ovate to orbicular, lepi- dote-tomentose on the portion exposed in bud, smooth inside, 1.5 mm long, 2.0 mm wide, the third one-sided, the 2 other ones two-sided, membranous. Petals oblique-oblong or subfalcate, at- tenuate at the very base, puber- ulous on the portion exposed in bud, fringed along one margin, about 6.0 mm long, 2.0 mm wide, many-nerved. Stamens 15, of different lengths, minute, 0.75 —1.0mm long; anthers elliptic, about 0.25 mm in diameter; fila- ments flattened and about as wide as the anther, the longest filiform in the upper portion and nearly 0.75cm long; ap- pendage to connective linear, four times as long as the anther. Ovary and stylopodium subcyl- indrical, narrowed above the ovary, together 2.0mm long, glabrous; stylopodium about 1.0 mm long, tapering in the style; style very short, 0.5 mm long. Fruit unknown. With Vatica papuana Dyer, which also occurs in the Louisiade Archi- pelago, H. glabrifolia is the most eastwards extending Dipterocarpacea. I have prepared the foregoing description, which is an extension and correction of that by White, from the type of H. glabrifolia. He erroneously mentions 10 stamens, the correct number being 15, whereas the petals are about 6.0 mm, not 3.0 mm, in length. Of H. glabrifolia, the genus is not to F I G . 13. Hopea glabrifcliu C. T. White: a, flowering twig ()4P.5) ; b, flower bud ( X 3 ) ; c, mature flower ( x 3 ) , d, ovary (X 7). — Drawing after Smith s.n. 1952] VAN SLOOTEN: Sertulum Dipterocarpacearum—V 37 be fixed with certainty, mature fruits being unknown. Obviously the third sepal undergoes a change in shape after blossoming as is the case in Shorea forbesii (see there). Hence it is possible that it may also grow out into a large segment. In shape the ovary with the stylopodium and the very short style resembles that of Shorea forbesii. However, the number of IB stamens points to a species of Hopea, in which genus it may by way of precaution be maintained for the time being. SFECIMEN EXAMINED.—NEW GUINEA. E a s t e r n p a r t : Louisiade Archipelago, Misima I. (SUtvifnrth Smith s.n., r u l ; "a very useful mining timber"). S p e c i e s i n q u i r e n d a Hopea parvifolia (Warb.) Van Slooten, comb. nov. Anmoptera pfirvifolia Warb. in Bot. Jb. 13: 382. 1891; Brandis in J. Linn. Soc, Bot. 31: 45. 1895; Diels in Bot. Jb. 57: 461. 1922; Van Slooten in Bull. Jard. bot. Bwtenz. Ill 8: 5. 1926, sphalm. "parviflora"; in Nova Guinea 14: 225. 1926. TYPE.—Warburg 20034. Branches glabrous, fuscous, finely lenticellate. Leaves coriaceous, broadly lanceolate, attenuate and rather bluntly acuminate at the apex, attenuate at the base, 7.0—9.0 cm long, 2.5—3.5 cm wide, the margin sub- revolute; upper surface glabrous and dull, lower surface glabrous and shining; main nerves 9—12 pairs, originating rather close (about 0.6 cm) to each other, widely spreading, elevated beneath, reddish yellow when fresh; tertian.- nerves joining the main nerves in fine parallel lines; petioles robust, transversely sulcate, black, 0.6 cm long. Inflorescence axillary, 1.1 cm long: peduncle slightly pubescent. Flower buds "von spar- rig stehenden. lang lanzettlichen Schuppen eingehiillt." Fruiting calyx segments closely embracing the nut; the 2 long wings oblong-elliptic, glabrous, 7—9-nerved. Nut coriaceous, connate with the calyx-tube which is slightly pilose, nearly entirely hidden by the bases of the calyx-segments. As I have not seen material of Warburg 20034 I have given here the original description in translation, though it is not very satisfactory. It is too incomplete for deciding whether it is a well-founded species and whether some of the unidentified collections may belong to it. For the time being it has to remain represented by the type only. In 1922 Diels (I.e.) doubted the correctness of taking the specimen of Warburg for a species of Anisoptera. As early as 1926 (II. ce.) I suspected it to be a species of Hopea, the two large segments of the fruiting calyx being said to have seven to nine nerves. NEW GUINEA. W e s t e r n p a r t : Onin Peninsula, Sekar Bay (McCluer Gulf), "an trocknem Abhang im Buschwald" near the coast (Warburg 20034, type of Am- soptera parvifolia Warb.). R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 2 HOPEA SPEC. Hopm, sp.imv. Dyer in 3. of Eot. lfi: 100. 1878; Brandis in 3. Linn. Soc, Bot. 3 1 : 05. 1895; Diels in Bot. Jb. 57: 402. 1922; Van Siooten in Nova Guinea 14: 225- 1928. SPECIMEN EXAMINED.—NEW GUINEA. W e s t e r n p a r t : "Vogelkop," Arfak Mts. {Beccari s.n., anno 1872). The 'original' description by Dyer follows, since the material itself, consisting of fruits only, is not known to me:— "Calyee fructifero obscure puberulo, lobis majonbus basi elliptieo, limbo onlongo- spathulato, apiee obtuso, infra plus minusvc abrupte coaretato, nervis erebis (ad 10) percurso. . . . Calycis fructiferi lobi aueti 1 1/2—2 poll, longi, 1/2—3/4 poll. lati. Capsula 1/4 poll, longa." No essential, characteristics are mentioned here. Though Dyer may "have considerable confidence in its being otherwise unknown," the frag- mentary fruits and their description are too unsatisfactory to be used for identification of further collections. In 1926 (I.e.) I could only state that according to Dyer the fruits agree in general facies perhaps more closely with his H. pkilippinenRix than with those of any other species. I did not see these fruits. Diels (I.e.) remarks: "Vielleicht mit einer der beiden vorigen [viz. H. papuana Diels and H. celebica Burck] identisch." For the time being I can only add that such fragmentary material will continue to be worthless to science, even if more complete collections become avail- able. HOPEA SPEC. SPECIMEN EXAMINED.—NEW GUINEA. W e s t e r n p a r t . Japcn I.: Seroei, i n primary forest on hilly ground on stony soil, 800m (bb.30359 ajandorie; common; tree 27 m high; bark with a small quantity of clear resin). — Leaves only. The leaf-bases are remarkably asymmetrical, being rounded on one side and cuneate on the other. Hence one would be inclined to look upon this number as representing H. iriana Van Siooten which also occurs on japen Island, though at lower altitude. Comparison shows that it is distinct in the following vegetative characters: the leaves are broader, less attenuate, and more suddenly acuminate, drying dark brown, the vena- tion is more conspicuous, domatia are entirely absent. 1952] VAN SLOOTEN: Serf utnm Dipterocarpacearinn—V 39 HOFEA CELEBICA sensu Diels (non Burcfc) Hopea celebica (non Burekl scusn Diels iv Bot. Jb. 57: 4G2. 1922. Diels includes two specimens under Burck's species and merely states as follows: ' " N o r d o s t l i e h . e s N e u - G u i n e a : Sepik-Gebiet: Etappenberg, im Hohen- wald, 850 m ii. M. '15—20 m hoher Baum, Blatter glanzendgriin mit weissem Mittel- nerv1 (Ledermann n, 9536. — Mit Bliitenknospen 31. Okt. 1912!); Aprilflusa (Leder- mann n. 9846, — Verbliiht 25. Nov. 1912!). "Ich habe von dieser Pflanze weder gut entwickelte Bliiten noch Friichte. Sie -zeigt aber in den Elattern so genaue Ubereinstimmung mit dem Original Burcks, daas ich an der Identitat nicht zweifle." Although no description of the specimens exists, I doubted the cor- rectness of this identification from the first, also because the New Guinea species of Hopea are as yet very insufficiently known, owing-to the material available of many species. In 1950 I could study a duplicate of Ledermann 9586, with very juvenile flower buds (cf. Diels, I.e.), in the Leyden Herbarium. It certainly reminds one of Hopea celebica Burck, but differs, for instance, in the total lack of domatia. In my opinion it represents a large-leaved species comparable to H. similis Van Slooten, H.novoguineensis Van Slooten, H. glabrifolia C. T. White, and Hopea sp. (Lane-Poole 113), although distinguishable from each of these by different characters. Ledermann's collection perhaps agrees best with H. similis and may indeed belong to that species, although—judging from the material available at present—it does not fully agree with it. Intensive collecting in New Guinea will have to be done before it will be possible to assign the numerous doubtful dipterocarps of this region to their proper taxa; this applies more in particular to the numerous specimina inquirenda of Hopea. Ledermann 9846 (cf. Diels, I.e.) I nave not seen, *ut in the Leyden Herbarium there is a duplicate of Ledermann 9462, presumably belonging to the same species as Ledermann 9586. An error in the number seems hardly likely and yet number 9462 was not mentioned by Diels in spite of the fact that it was collected on the same expedition in the same region. HOPEA PAPUANA sensu White & Francis {non Diels) Hopea paptiqva (wow Diels) sensu White & Francis in Lane-Poole, Report For. Re- sources Terr. Papua and New Guinea 119. 19251-; in Proc. roy. Soe. Queenal. 38: 247. 1927. s In this publication one will find the specimen cited below referred to as "H. papuana Diels (Affin.)?"; in a "Corrigendum et addendum," "(Affin.)?" is indicated as to be deleted according to White. Lane-Poole no. 113 is considered to belong to Diels1 species without further comment by White & Fi'ancis. 40 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 2 SPECIMEN EXAMINED.—NEW GUINEA. E a s t e r n p a r t : Vanapa R.t towards Suku (about 12 miles above Doura), up the foothills, to about 600 m [Lane-Poole 113, fr. June 1922, koka(ka)-p'lo-pilo.—'"The winged seeds are a plaything for the native children."]. Describing the foothill forests, which lie between the lowland mixed rain forests and the mid-mountain forests (op. cit. p. 33), Lane-Poole (op. cit. p. 34) mentions that "two dipterocarps occur of which no. 113 is per- haps the commonest." I suppose that with the second dipterocarp Lane- Poole 112 is meant, cited by him (op. cit. p. 119) as "Indt, No. 112" and also from the surroundings of Suku with the native name demo. This num-, ber, of which only leaves were collected, I have not seen. From the annotations made by Lane-Poole (I.e.) and from those accompanying the material in the Herbarium of Brisbane I have drawn up the following description comprising also some additions of mine. Young shoots, branchlets, and petioles covered with a grey, stellate pubescence. Leaves chartaceous, elliptic-oblong or lanceolate, shortly and obtusely acuminate, obtuse or slightly rounded at the base, which is equal- sided, the margins slightly though conspicuously recurved up to the top when dry. 16.0—19.0 cm long, 5.0—6.5 cm wide; hardly shining and gla- brous on the uoper surface, dull and with occasional stellate hairs along midrib and main nerves on the lower, the pubescent base of the costa ex- cepted; midrib slightly elevated above, strongly beneath; main nerves 15—17 pairs, depressed above, elevated beneath, without domatia; tertiary nerves visible but not conspicuous on the lower surface; petioles 1.2—1.5 cm long. Flowers unknown. Fruit immature. Fruiting calm-segments concave at the very base, closely embracing the nut, the 2 long wings oblanceolate to spathulate, obtuse at the top, strongly narrowed downwards up to the base, glabrous or with remnants of a fine pubescence in the lower part, up to 9.0 cm long, 1.25—1.50 cm wide, 6—7-nerved. Medium tree with an unbuttressed stem about 2 m in circumference . and a bole of about 18 m high. Bark dark brown, somewhat scaly; inner bark white. Wood slightly resinous; sap cream-coloured. The above description in my opinion clearly proves this specimen not to belong to Hopea papuana. An annotation on the sheet says that "it differs in the non-cordate base of the leaf blade, the longer petioles and the fewer lateral nerves of the leaves." I would add that it also differs in the shape of the leaves, in the kind of pubescence of the branchlets and petioles which is not at all ferruginous-tomentose and does not cause the leaves to be scabrous beneath, and in the nervation which is not elevated. 1952] VAN SLOOTEN: Sertulum Dipterocarpaeearum—V 41 By the shape and the size of its leaves this species comes nearest to H. novoguineensia and H. similis, the material being too fragmentary for further conclusions. It is not impossible that the following; collections represent the same species as Lane-Poole 113. NEW GUINEA. E a s t e r n p a r t : Vanapa area, Koitaki, forest, 450m (Carr 12739; very young fruits J u n e 1935); Milne Bay area, north of Waigani plantation on the slopes of an ironstone-gravel capped ridge, 25 m (NGF 1280, lomas or koper- itoma; tree about 30 m over-all; hole 18m, swollen slightly at the butt; outer bark ' purplish brown, pustular lenticela numerous and forming longitudinal lines, shedding here and there in thin flakes; sapwood pale s t r a w ; heart very pale brown). — Leaves only, HOPEA SPEC. SPECIMEN EXAMINED.—NEW GUINEA. E a s t e r n p a r t : Milne Bay area, north of Waigani plantation, on ridge in rain forest, 80 m (NGF 1307, kopilatoma; tree about 43 m, bole 30 m high, buttressed to about 1.8 m; outer bark fairly dark brown, reticulately marked from the shedding of irregularly shaped flakes; sapwood pale s t r a w : heartwood brown, fairly hard; leaves yellowish green beneath). — Leaves only. A small-leaved species of Hopea without domatia, resembling H. glabrifolia but differing by the topmost parts of the young branchlets and by the petioles which are glabrous almost from the start; the leaves are different in shape and the veinlets of this unnamed species are not visible to the naked eye. HOPEA SPEC. NEW GUINEA.(BB..32698.) Of this collection no duplicate from the Forest Research Institute at Bogor was received by Herbarium Bogoriense. This material as well as the data were lost during the war. HOPEA or SHOREA SPEC. Of the two following collections the genus could not be fixed with certainty; they may belong either to Hopea or, perhaps, to Shorea. MOLUCCAS. M o r o t a i : Tjao, 30m (Kostermans 828; tree 12m high; hole grey). — Leaves only. NEW GUINEA. E a s t e r n p a r t : Milne Bay area, about 2 miles up the Dawa Dawa R., on slopes, 25 m [NGF 1333, malehai or mala(a)i, and matapo; very common on the slopes; tree about 3 0 m over-all; bole 18 m, unbuttressed; bark grey or brown, deeply fissured, shedding in longitudinal strips; sapwood straw coloured and hard; heart brown; leaves s m a l l ] . ' — Leaves only. 4 2 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 2 S H 0 K E A R o x b . 17. SHOREA KOORDERSII Brandis apud Koorders—Fig. 14 Shoira koordcrsii Brandis upud Koorders, Flora N. O. Celebes iv Meded. 's Lands Plantentuin 19: 355. 1898; Koorders, Flora N. O. Celebes, Suppl. 2: 8 pi.HI. 1922; ibid., Suppl. S; 44. 1922; Boerlage in Icon. bog. 1: pi. 80. 1901; Koorders-Schumacher, Syst. Verz., Abt. 3: 88. 1914; Heyne, N u t t . PI. Ned. Ind. 3: 303. 1917; 2nd Ed., 1120. 1927. Shorca ass damar tenang putih and damar t e n a n g merah resp.), Masurung (bb.2S121, 23132, 23145, and 2314-7, damar tenang p u t i h ) , Saoran Domut (bb.2S184, damar tenang putih or tenang bobudo), southern peninsula on Mt. Sibela (vide Ham and Korn, It. cc.) ; P. Mandioli (vide Stormer, 1911, and Korn, tf.ee.). — O b i I s . : P. Bisa, Tsouthcoast near Gafela (Atasrip 54 and 55, d a m a r t e n a n g ; cf. Ham, op.cit. p. 318), NW point near Galala (Atasrip 97 and 98, damar t e n a n g : also fide Stormer, 1889, I.e.), Wadapolo (bb.23885, t e n a n g p u t i h ) ; P. T a p a t and P. Obilatu (fide Stormer, 1889, I.e.); P. Obira (fide Ham, op.cit. p. 319; Stormer, 1889, I.e.), Laiwui (Obi-Co-mpanie, e coll. Heyne s.n., damar tenang). 18. SHOREA SELANICA (Bl.) BL—Fig. 16 Dammam selanica [Bu.mpk.] Lam., Encyc. 2: 259. 1786. Unona? selanica (Lam.) D C , P r o d r . 1: 92. 1824. Engelhardtia, selanica BL, F l o r a J a v a e 1 (Juglandeae) : 8. 1828, Hopea selanica Hasskarl, Cat. H o r t . bogor. a l t e r 209. 1844 (sub "Hoppea" ut "H. Selanica Rxb. . . . " ) ; Miquel, Fl. Ind. bat. 1 (2) : 504. 1859. Shorea selanica (Bl.) Bl., Mus. bot. 2: 33. 1852; De Candolle, Prodr. 16: 629. 1868; Hance in J. of Bot. 14: 242. 1876; Burck in Ann. J a r d . bot. Buitenz. 6: 21G. 1887; Brandis in J. Linn. Soe., Bot. 3 1 : 86. 1895; Merrill, I n t e r p r . Rumph. Herb. amb. 375. 1917; Heyne, Nutt. PI. Ned. Ind. 3: 306. 1917; 2nd Ed., 2: 1124. 1927. Shorea aelaniea Bl. var. latifolia Bl., Mus. bot. 2: 33. 1852; Burck in Ann. J a r d . bot. Buitenz. 6: 216. 1887; Merrill, I n t e r p r . Rumph. Herb. amb. 375. 1917. Shorea selanica (Bl.) Bl. var. obtusa Burck in Ann, J a r d . bot. Buitenz. 6: 216. 1887. [Dantmara selanica Rumphius, Herb. amb. 2: 168 pi. 56. 1750.] 16 E. Gilg mentions in his "Bemerkungen zu den ,Botanischen Notizen' des H e r r n Dr. Moszkowski" (in Notizbl. bot. G a r t . Mus. Berlin-D. 4 3 : 83. 1908), t h a t he possessed a sterile branch of a tree which supplies d a m a r mata kuching. "den Warburg (n. 18180) von Batjan mitbrachte." This must have been S.koordersii as S. selanica is not known from Batjan, 1952] VAN SLOOTEN: SERTULUM DIPTEROCARPACEARUM —V 51 TYPE.—Rumphius, Herb. amb. 2: pi. 56. 1750. Buds, young shoots, branchlets, and branches densely rusty or greyish stellate-tomentoae; branchlets flattened, with distinct and long elevated ribs decurrent along the internodium. Stipules caducous, oval, oblique, one- sided attenuate, broad at the base, stellate-tomentose outside, pubescent FIG. 16. Shorea nelavica (Bl.) Bl.: a, flowering' twig with flowers in two stages {x 0-5); 6, shoot with stipules (nat. size); c, branchlet of panicle {nat. size); d, flower bud (x2.5); e, mature flower (X 2.5); f, petal (x 2.5); g, stamens (X 5); h, iry (X 5); i, mature fruit (nat. size). — Drawing after Hort. Bog. VII. B. 25. mat ova 52 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 2 inside, 1.5 cm long, 0.7—0.9 cm wide, 6—8-nerved. Leaves drying brown on both sides, oblong, abruptly attenuate and acuminate, the acumen acute, up to 1.5 cm long, rounded or subcordate at the slightly asymmetrical base, usually 10.0—20.0 cm long, 4.5—7.5(—9.0) cm wide; upper surface dull or slightly shining, minutely stellate-pubescent, glabrous when adult the midrib excepted; lower surface dull (or slightly shining when young), sprinkled with scale-like tufts of brownish stellate hairs on midrib, nerves, and nervules; midrib prominent beneath; main nerves 16—20 pairs, elevated beneath; domatia hardly developed, nearly invisible by the indu- mentum of the leaves, may best be observed by the small depressions in the upper surface; nervules visible on both sides; petioles rusty or greyish stellate-tomentose, 0.8—1.4 mm long. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, the rhachis and branches flattened, densely greyish tomentose, up to 20.0 cm long; the upmost floral leaves lanceolate, only present in anthesis, 9.0— 12.0 em long, 2.5—3.0 cm wide, the lower ones equalling the normal leaves, persistent; branches alternating, unbranched, up to 2.5cm long, about 12-flowered; bracts transversely oval, bilobed, pubescent on both sides, 3.0—4.0 mm long, 4.0 mm wide, about 14-nerved. Flowers unilateral, approximate, biseriate; pedicels at best 0.5 mm long. Sepals distinctly unequal, ovate to subtriangular, (sub) acute, 3.0—2.0 mm long, at the base 2.0 mm wide, the portions exposed in bud minutely greyish tomentose, smooth inside except on the upper half, many-nerved, the 2 outer ones fleshy, the third one-sided, the 2 other ones two-sided, membranous. Petals oblong, gradually attenuate, truncate, minutely puberulous on the portion exposed in bud, glabrous inside, 6.0—7.0 mm long, at the base 3.5 mm wide, about 10-nerved. Stamens 15, in 3 rows, of 3 different lengths, from the outside to the inside 2.3—3.0 mm long; dilated portion of filaments 0.5— 1.0 mm, filiform portion about 0.3 mm, anthers 0.5 mm, and appendage to connective 1.0 mm long. Ovary gradually tapering to the style, distinct stylopodium absent, minutely pubescent, 2.0 mm long; style glabrous, 1.5 mm long". Fruiting calyx segments chartaceous, minutely puberulous on both sides, concave at the very base and there about 0.7 cm long and 0.5— 0.8 cm wide, closely embracing the nut; the 3 long wings linear-lanceolate to spathulate, the base narrowed, flat and 0.4 cm wide, blunt at the top, 8.0—10.0 cm long, near the apex about 1.5 cm wide, 7—9-nerved, the 2 short wings linear, abruptly narrowed above the very base, acute at the top, 3.0—4.5 cm long, 0.4—0.6 cm wide near the apex, 3—5-nerved. Nut- ovoid, acutely apiculate by the style remnant, minutely greyish brown tomentose, 1.2—1.5 cm long, at the base 0.8 cm wide. Gigantic trees reaching a height of 50, even 58 m, being 34—42 m to the first branch and 1 m in diameter on breast height. Bark dark in colour, deeply fissured and flaking off in longitudinal pieces; strips of bark are said to be used for the walls of small houses (Martin, op. cit. p. 302; see footnote 17). According to Ham (op. cit. p. 336) not all bau Iamo trees produce resin in large quantities, which is found only in the pith. For these reasons he thinks the production of a large amount 1952] VAN SLOOTEN: Sertulum Dipterocarpacearum—V to be a result of injury and infection as in S. koordersii. Usually the quantity produced spontaneously is inconsiderable; the resin itself is of inferior quality and has no commercial value. It is solid, not translucent, and whitish yellow if young and found on the bole and the branches; it is blackish, porous, and rough if found in lumps at the base of the tree. It is used by the natives for torches and other lighting purposes. In "Her- komst Damar" (p. 17) its author thinks it possible that the damar selan does not originate from a single species of Shorea, at the present time four species being known from the Moluccas, viz. S. selanica, S. koordersii, &. montigena, and Shorea sp. (bb.22808 and 31349). The wood is said to be hard and suitable for house-building and prahus and also for masts as the trees have beautifully straight boles, which have a considerable diameter according to their age. Branches and ultimate parts pale green or pale brown when fresh and young, ultimately greyish coloured. Leaves dark green and shining above, with a pale or pale brownish indumentum beneath. Pedunculus and branches of inflorescences pale green. Sepals cream-coloured. Petals pale yellow. For the distribution area of this species, see map (fig. 17). In literature the statement repeatedly occurs that the kaju bapa, found particularly on the island of B u r u, is very common on this island. It is growing distinctly gregariously, dominat- ing the lowland forests from 15—120 m above sea level. In spite of this there is little and only incomplete mate- rial of S. selanica avail- able in Herbarium Bo- goriense and since the literature cited above is based solely on the re- mark Rumphius made about his Dammara selanica, without describing it accurately, the above-mentioned description is exclusively founded on no. VII.B.25 cultivated in the Gardens at Bogor, a tree which has developed from the material sent from Buru by Teysmann in 1860 (see below). Various data, e.g. about habitats on Buru of the kaju bapa, which belongs to the valuable wood species and produces the damar selan, could F I G . 17. Distribution of Shorea selanica (Bl.) Bl. 6 4 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 2 be derived from records of travel.17 The statements about the large quan- tities of damar found everywhere on Bum, and the conclusions that might possibly be drawn from such statements regarding the area of distribution of these damar-producing trees, had to be put aside since they refer not to the damar selan of the kaju bapa, but to the damar radja of Agathis (Damara) alba Foxw., which is one of the highest and largest trees of the Moluccas and is also common on Buru. This may appear, inter alia, from the following statement by Teysmann (op. cit. pp. 319-320): "The best damar (Damar toenei)[18] is here [viz. near Oki on the south coast] mainly obtained from the Damara alba, but an inferior quality (Damar seelan) from the Kajoe bapa, (Hopea selanica) which are both very common in the interior." For this reason the following statement concerning the Dammara selanica of Rumphius (op. cit. p. 170), who repeatedly mixed up damar producing Dipterocarpaceae, is cited with some reserve: " . . . [eopiose vero est] in Boero circa Lucielam veterem [i.e. Lisela] & Kelan- gam [i.e. P. Kelang, situated between Buru and Ceram] . . . . Invenitur autem aeque in litore, ac in altis montibus, nullibi autem in planis silvis, sed semper ad pedes montium declivos, qui juxta oras fluminum ac maris sunt siti. Hinc in Boero haec Dammara fluctuans reperitur aeque ad litus, ac in majoribus fluviis, qui in sinum Cayli [i.e. Kajeli] excurrent. In hujus sinus parte Orientali quaedam arbores in montium adscensu ita alte eriguntur, ut coma sua in mare declinent." This floating damar1" Teysmann did apparently not see near Kajeli; he does not mention it at all, anyway, no more than J. H. W. van der Miesen does. About the environment of Kajeli on the north-east coast of Buru, Wilier (op. eit. p. 559) says: ". . . After that, the kaju bapas and other trees with tall boles are in the majority and soon form a dense forest of the very high and most beautiful trees. The height of an average kaju bapa is more than 100 feet from the ground to the main branches and is very suitable for the making of masts; the bole is as a rule perpendicular," whereas he remarks about the habitat (op. cit. pp. 561-562): ". . . the " J . E. TEYSMANN in Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. 23: 290-309. 1861. J. H. W. VAN DER MIESEN: Een tocht langs de noord-oostkust van Boeroc, 6—29 Jan. 1908. In Tijdschr. Nederl. aardrjjksk. Gen. 25: 833-871. 1908. J. H. W. VAN DEE MIESEN: Tochten op het eiland Boeroc, 7 Febr.—16 Juli 1908. Ibid. 26: 214-263. 1909. T. J. W I L L E H : Beschrijving van het eiland Boeroe. In Indisch Archief 1 (1). 1849; 1 (2). 1850. K. MARTIN: Ueber seine Reise in den Molukken durch Buru, Seran und benaeh- barte kleinere Inseln. In. Verh. Ges. Erdk. 1894. S. P. H A M : Over de damarwinning op Obi. In Tectona 4: 336-337. 1911. 1KThis damar is usually called damar radja. 1!lThis points to damar selan, because damar- radja sinks in water. 56 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 2 wood is said to occur, but is reported to be of inferior quality." Rumphius does not mention the possibility of its having been introduced into Amboma in former days, but Dammara selanica is not credited to Amboina by him. The specimens of the kaju bapa, collected by Reinwardt during his tour through the Moluccas in 1821 and present in the Herbarium at Leyden (no. 902.146-650, -653, -656, and 909.56-417) probably originate from Amboina, as Reinwardt did not visit Buru on that occasion. Shorea selanica occurs also o n P u l a u O b i r a . Ham (op. cit. p. 336) found it, for instance, in the Borniu regions at about 150 m above sea- level. The tree, which there too belongs to the forest giants, has hard wood and dark brown bark. The yield of the damar, known on Obira as damar bau lamo, is inconsiderable, so that exploitation is of no impor- tance. Not all trees produce resin, no more than all damar tenang trees do. Bloembergen 20 reports that on the S u l a I s l a n d s (on Sula Sanana near Molbufa) S. selanica is strongly dominant in the old diptero- carp forests with enormous trees, 50—60 m in height; it is distinctly gregarious. On Sula Mangole, kaju bapa is much less in evidence than on Sula Sanana, the gigantic specimens are lacking there. At Lampau the untouched primary dipterocarp forest reaches down to the shore. In this hilly country, at 5—10 m above sea level, kaju bapa is common. On Sula Taliabu S. selanica can be found too. As far as I know S. selanica is found neither on Ternate nor on Ceram. The vernacular names solo garo or solo garu (Ternate) and umar (West Ceram) which I met with in "Harsonderzoek" (p. 299) and "Her- komst Damar" (p. 17) are not corroborated by herbarium material. Rumphius' plate 56 (Dammara selanica) was twice used as the base of a 'new' species, first by Lamarck as Dammara selanica, secondly as Engelhardtia selanica by Blume who does not refer to Lamarck's earlier name. The combination under Shorea of the epithet 'selanica Lam.' would be preoccupied by that of Shorea selanica (Bl.) Bl. and hence cannot be restored. The "Index kewensis" (1: 714, 1895) incorrectly suggests the identity of Dammara selanica Lam., which is wholly based on Rumphius' account, with "Diospyros Embryopteris?" SPECIMENS EXAMINED AND CITED FROM LITERATURE.—MOLUCCAS. S u l a I s . : P. Taliabu, Samuja (bb.29947, sehu or boba) ; P. Mangole, Kimehol—Lampau (bb.29802, b a p a ) ; P. Sanana, Kabauw (bb.28879, kaju bapa). — O b i I s . : P. Obira, northcoast near Sepepe (Atasrip 117, bau lamo). — B u r u : (de Vriese in Herb. Lugd. Bat. sub nos. 902.146-648 and -651); Wai Ula [bb.22800, luma or b ( i ) a h u t ] ; Batuboi (Namlea) footnote 10. 1952] VAN SLOOTEN: Sertuhun Dipteroearpacearam—V 57 (bb.28298 to 28307, kaju b a p a ) ; Balobalo {bb.313i8, biahgawa); Wai Apu near Kajeli Teysmann 1875HB, kaju b a p a ) ; southcoast near Oki {Teysmann, cf. Natuurk. Tydsch. Ned. Ind. 23: 319. 1861). — A m b o i n a (Reinwardt, see above; de Vriese in Herb. Lugd. Bat. sub nos. 902.146-652 and -655; Teysmann 5146HB, kaju bapa: originally introduced, see above). Cultivated in the Botanic Gardens, Bogor: no. VII.B.25 and 25a. In the "Catalogus Plantarum quae in Horto Botanico Bogoriensi coluntur" by Teysmann & Binnendijk (1866)—which by the way was ready for the press as early as 1863, according- to Treub—as well as in a "Plantenlijst" by Binnendijk, which must have been compiled between 1869 and 1870, only "Moluccas" is given as locality of origin. The "Tuin- boek" (1902) however mentions "Ambon" which may possibly be taken from Boerlage (Cat. PI. Phan. Hort. bot. bogor. col. 2: 107. 1901). Only from 1865 onwards plants and seeds received were recorded and register- ed, therefore it is impossible to consult the Garden files on whence, from whom, and when the plants before 1865 were received and where they were planted. The Garden cannot find any clue as to how Teysmann set up his internal administration, how he recorded plants, received and numbered them. Concerning VII.B.25 one can only assume that it was probably received from Teysmann himself, who in 1860 for the first time made a journey to the Moluccas and in his itinerary (see above) records the kaju bapa from Buru as well as from Amboina, but fails to mention any consignments to the Hortus at Buitenzorg. Shorea selanica cannot have been received from Binnendijk, who visited Buru in 1866, in the first place because there was only one Dipterocarpacea (S. monti- gena Van Slooten, q.v.) among the plants received on August 24, 1866, and secondly because, as was stated above, the kaju bapa was present in the Garden as early as 1863. — At present both VII.B.25 and 25a are about 47 m tall and have a diameter at breast height of about 1 m. The buttresses are up to 3 m long and 1.15 m high. Flowering material was collected in April 1896, November 1919 and 1923, July 1925 and March 1926, fructiferous material in April 1896, January 1920, July 1925, and March 1926. 19. Shorea montigena Van Slooten, spec. nov.—Fig. 18 Sharea balungeran Burck var. binnendykii Boerl., Cat. PI. Pban. Hort. bot. bogor. col. 2: 108. 1901. TYPE.—Tree VIII.D.25, cultivated in the Botanic Gardens, Bogor. Species nova sectionis "Eushoreae" foliis glaberrimis levibus, petiolis foliorum magnitudine comparatis satis longis, alabastris ovatis, floribus magnis staminibusque numerosissimis (65—72) facile cognoscenda. R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 2 Branchlets strongly flattened, densely covered by a brownish, later on greyish tomentum of minute, scale-like tufts of stellate hairs, ultimately glabrescent, with slightly elevated ribs decurrent along the internodium. Stipules caducous, lanceo- late, falcate, blunt at the top, stellate-tomentose out- side, puberulous inside, up to 3.0 cm long, 0.5 cm wide. Leaves coriaceous, flat, drying brown or reddish brown, oblong-elliptic at- tenuate, oblique at the top, whether or not acuminate, the acumen blunt and at best 0.5 or 1.0 cm long, rounded or blunt at the base, the very base usually symmetrical, the margin not revolute, (8.0—) 10.0 —11.0 cm long, 4.5—5.0 cm wide; upper surface hardly shining, glabrous, lower surface dull, gla- brous when adult; midrib sunken above, elevated and with remnants of minute stellate hairs or glabrous beneath; main nerves 10 —12 pairs, hardly elevated beneath; domatia absent; petioles greyish tomentose, glabrescent, thickened in the upper half, often genieulate, 2.5—3.0 cm, long. Inflorescences axil- lary and terminal, solitary, the rhachis and branches flattened, densely brownish or greyish stellate-tomen-F I G . 18. Shorea montigena Van Slooten: a, flower-ing twig with flowers in two stages ( X 0 . 5 ) ; 6, flower bud (X 2) ; c, expanding flower (X 2) ; d, mature flower with sepals and petals removed (X 3 ) ; e, petal from mature flower (X 2} ; f, stamens (X 4); g, ovary (x 3 ) ; h, fruiting twig (X 0.5). — Draw- ing after Hort. Bog. VIII. D. 25. tose, 9.0—12.0 cm long, together forming a large panicle of about 17.0 cm long; the floral leaves smaller than the normal leaves, 5.0—6.0 cm long, 3.0—4.0 cm wide; branchlets alternating, un- branched, up to 4.0 cm long, 7—9-flowered; bracts minute, very early deciduous. Flowers unilateral, biseriate, about 5.0 mm apart. Sepals fleshy, 1952] VAN SLOOTEN: Sertulum Dipterocarpacearuvi—V 59 subequal, broadly ovate to ovate-rotundate, densely silvery tomentose out- side on the portions exposed in bud, smooth inside, fringed along the margins, many-nerved, the 3 outer wings subacute, about 4.0 mm in diam- eter, the third sepal one-sided membranous, the 2 inner ones two-sided membranous, about 3.0 mm in diameter. Corolla falling in one piece. Petals large, oblong, truncate at the top, ovate at the base, silvery puber- ulous on the portion exposed in bud, smooth inside, about 10.0 mm long, 5.0 mm wide, 12—15-nerved. Stamens 65—72, of 4—5 different lengths, the inner ones 5.0—5.5 mm, the outer ones about 4.0 mm long; filaments flattened, tapering to the linear upper portion, up to 4.5 mm long; anthers oblong, about 1.0mm long; appendage to connective 1.5—2.0 mm long. Ovary ovoid, broad at the base, tapering into the style, glabrous in its lower half, puberulous at the top, 2.0 mm high, 1.5 mm wide; style puber- ulous at the base, 2.5 mm long. Fruiting calyx segments chartaceous, minutely stellate-puberulous on both sides, the very base concave, very closely embracing the nut, about 1.0 cm long and wide, above the very base narrowed and with revolute margins, the 3 long wings linear-lanceo- late to subspathulate, rounded at the top, 8.0—10.0 cm long, 1.0—1.5 cm wide near the apex, about 0.5 cm wide at the base, 9—10-nerved, the 2 short wings linear, (sub) acute at the top, abruptly narrowed above the very base, 2.5—3.5 cm long, about 0.3 cm wide, 3-nerved. Nut ovoid, acutely acuminate by the style-remnant, minutely puberulous glabrescent, about 2.0 cm long, at the base up to 1.5 cm wide. Leaves dark green above, light green beneath, glaucescent. Peduncle, branches of inflorescence and calyx-segments light green. Petals spread- ing, yellowish white outside, yellow inside tinged reddish rose at the top, silvery tomentose. Stamens conspicuous during anthesis; anthers straw- coloured. Ovary and style pale green. Shorea montigena is a gigantic tree up to 45 m high of the primary forest of Buru, where it occurs on dry, steep, and stony ground with sand or clay; The altitudinal range is from about 400 to 1000 m: it is an in- habitant of the hill as well as of the upper dipterocarp forests, the altitu- dinal range of the last according to Symington being approximately from 2500 to 4000 feet. Bahut is of common occurrence on Buru, growing even gregariously locally, thus being in the Moluccas a representative of hills or mountains occupying and gregariously growing species of Shorea. Also ir, West Ceram this species is rather common; the field notes show that bb.23033 originates from a young secundary forest where it was not cultivated. — The tree contains a rather large quantity of colourless resin; the resin of the specimen of Ceram, however, is said to be dark. Boerlage did not have fertile material at his disposal; the sterile collection was wrongly identified by him as a variety of S. balangeran, which Bornean species in my opinion does not show near relationship 60 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 2 F I G . 19. Distribution of Shorea montigena Van Slooten ( V ) , Shorea tepee, nov. (bb. 22808 and 31S49) ( A ) , Shorea ?spec. nov. (bb. 22567) ( X ) , Shorea spec. (bb. 31092) ( _ ) , a n d S . forbesii Brandis ( • ) . to this Shorea from the Moluccas, since, for instance it has only 15 stamens. Though the stamens vary slightly in number, S. montigena belongs to the species with the highest number of stamens of the genus. By this character it clearly belongs to section "Eushorea" as distinguished by Brandis. Other polyan- drous species are S. glauca King (60— ?90), S. ovalis (Korth.) Bl. (55 —67), and S. collina Ridl. (55). Of the Phil- ippine species of Sho- rea not a single one is as rich in stamens as is S. montigena, the num- ber of stamens in S. negrosensis Foxw. {in Philip. J. Sci. Bot. 6: 274. 1911; ibid. 67: 315. 1938) being about 30 and sometimes as many as 50. Shorea, montigena is readily recognizable by its flat, glabrous leaves, comparatively long petioles, large flowers, and its remarkable number of stamens. SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—MOLUCCAS. B u r u. Walada, 1000 m (bb.21499, bahut or kaju bapa) ; Walpangat, 900 m (bb.22816, bahut or g a w a ) ; Mngesa Ingan, 800 m (bb.22837, bahut or b a b a t ) ; Waldefat, 400 m (bb31914, babat). — C e r a m. Honitetu, 600 m (bb.23033, umale). Cultivated in the Botanic Gardens, Bogor, no. VIII.D.25, from Buru, type of Shorea balangeran Burck var. binnendijkii Boerl. Sent by Binnen- dijk from the surroundings of Kajeli and received in the Gardens on August 24, 1866. At present the tree is 43 m high. Flowering material was collected in December 1923 and February 1948, fructiferous material in February and July 1948. — Fig. 19. 20. SHOEEA ?SFEC. NOV. SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—MOLUCCAS. B u r u : Walur-wau, 150—200 m (bb.22808, kultelu or b a h u t ) ; Balobalo, 100m (bb31349, luma). — Leaves only. This Shorea, which occurs on hills or steep slopes, is said to be very common in Buru, growing there even gregariously. It is a tree of up to 40 m high; its bark contains a fairly large quantity of resin. — Fig. 19. It may easily be mixed up with S. selanica, the well-known kaju bapa from Buru and the Sula Islands. Confusion is all the more possible since 1952] VAN SLOOTEN: Sertulum Dipterocarpaceamm—V 61 S. selanica has been collected in the same place (Balobalo) and is known locally by the same name of luma or b(i)ahut. Therefore, one should be cautious as to the data given for these two numbers, both species being very likely to be confused in the field by the collectors. Comparison of the leaves of this Shorea with those of S. selaniea gives the following essential differences: Leaves reddish beneath when dry, rounded at the base and not cuneate-rounded or subcordate, 15.0—17.5 cm long, 6.7—7.5 cm wide, oblong or ovate-oblong; petioles slender, 2.0—3.0 cm. These slender, rather long petioles are the most conspicuous character of this vegetative material, which in my opinion represents a new species. 21. SHOREA ?SPEC. NOV. SPECIMEN EXAMINED.—NEW GUINEA. W e s t e r n p a r t : Bomberai Peninsula, Mt. Genofa (Argoeni Bay), in primary forest on steep, stony ground, 750 m {bb.22567; very common, a few trees growing together; tree about 35 m high; bark with a small quantity of resin). — Leaves only. Conspicuous by its entirely flat leaves, only the midrib being elevated beneath, and by the undersurface being lepidote by minute, scale-like, black dots over the whole of the leaf-blade. — Fig. 19. 22. SHOREA FORBESII Brandis—Fig. 20 Shorea forbesii Brandis in J. Linn. Soc, Bot. 31: 92. 1895; in Forbes's New Guinea Plants tn J. of Bot. 61 (Suppl : 5. 1923. TYPE.—Forbes 861. Branehlets densely clothed with scale-like tufts of short, pale brown, stellate hairs, glabrescent, and drying" blackish. Stipules caducous, lanceo- late, the outside densely stellate-pubescent. Leaves coriaceous, flat, (ovate- or oblong-) lanceolate, gradually attenuate towards the obtuse top or slight- ly acuminate, the acumen about 1.0 cm long, rounded at the hardly asym- metrical base, the margins revolute at the very base, 9.0—12.0 cm long, 2.5—3.5 cm wide; midrib puberulous though glabrescent above, elevated and thinly sprinkled with minute, stellate hairs beneath; main nerves 10— 15 pairs, visible above, elevated beneath, forming sharp angles to the midrib, hardly stellate-pubescent; domatia absent; nervules like the main nerves hardly pubescent on both sides, glabrescent; petioles densely minutely stellate-pubescent, glabrescent, about 0.75 cm long. Inflorescences axillary and terminal, solitary or 2—3 together, the rhachis and branches slender, densely brownish or greyish stellate-pubescent, up to 4.0 cm long; ultimate branchlets solitary, at best 1.0 cm long, 3—4-flowered; pedicels very short. Sepals unqual in shape, nearly equal in length, the 2 outer ones fleshy, ovate, lepidote-tomentose outside, glabrous inside, blunt at the top, very broad at the base, about 2.0 mm long, in the upper half 0.75 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 2 mm, in the lower half 1.5 mm, wide, the 3 inner ones broadly ovate to orbicular, lepidote-tomentose on the portion exposed in bud, smooth inside, shortly acuminate, acute, 1.5—2.0 mm in diameter, the third one-sided, the 2 other ones two-sided, broadly membranous. Petals oblique-oblong or subfalcate, slightly attenuate at the very top, lepidote-tomentose on the portion exposed in bud, smooth inside, fringed along one margin in the upper half and sub-erose as is the top, about 4.0 mm long and 2.0 mm wide, many-nerved. Sta- mens 20 (counted in 1 flow- er), of 3 different lengths, minute, 0.75—1.0 mm long; anthers oval to ellip- tic, about 0.5 mm long and 0.25 mm wide; filaments flattened and as wide as the anther, the longest fili- form in the upper portion and about 1.0mm long; appendage to connective linear, 1.0 and 1.5 mm long. Ovary glabrous, 1 mm long, about 0.75 mm wide, narrowed at the top; ovary and stylopodium sub- conical, hardly constricted halfway; stylopodium ob- long, papillose, 1 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, gradually tapering into the very short style. Fruits un- known. Large tree up to 35 m high. Bole slender and straight, unbuttressed (NGF 1315). Bark dark grey (appearing black from a distance) or dark brown, here and there slightly flaky. Sapwood straw-coloured to pale brown. Heurtwood brown with darker bands. Flowers pink-cream. This Shorea belongs to the Dipterocarpaceae with the most eastern distribution (fig. 19). In the Milne Bay area (NGF 1315) it is "the domi- nant tree in many parts of the local rain forest." F I G . 20. Sltorca forbesii Brandis: a. flowering branch (X 0.5); 6, flower bud (X 5 ) ; c, expanded flower (x 4 ) ; d—h, sepals (X 5 ) ; i, third sepal after blos- soming (X 5); j, petal from mature flower (X 5) ; k, stamens (X 10); 1, ovary (x 5). — Drawing after Forbes 861. 1952] VAN SLOOTEN: Sertulmn Diptcrocarpaceanim—V 63 Symington (in Gdns' Bull. Str. Settl. 9: 341. 1938) suspected "that Shorea forbesii is a Hopea." Before examining the flower, I felt inclined to share his opinion. In bud the sepals are nearly equal in length though unequal in shape, the three inner ones being suborbicular in contradistinc- tion to the two outer ones which are ovate, broad at the base and abruptly narrowed towards the top. Moreover the style is very short as is usual in Hopea, while the stamens are minute. Further examination, however, showed that the third sepal immediately after blossoming" attains the shape of the two outer ones; apparently it will grow out to a third large segment. Brandis himself already says of the sepals: " . . . 3 exteriora longiora in acumen lineare . . . prolongata." The number of stamens is 20, which points also to a Shorea, for Hopea having 15 or less; as to the style, a short one occurs also exceptionally in the genus Shorea. For all these reasons I am of the opinion that S. forbesii should not be referred to the genus Hopea before this change is made imperative by mature fruits. — See also under Hopea glabrifolia C. T. White. SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—NEW GUINEA. E a s t e r n p a r t : Vanapa area, Koitaki, forest, 450 m (Carr 12072, 12132, 1220S, and 12551, fl. April and May 1935); Port Moresby area, in brownish grey loam on medium northerly slope, 460 m (NGF 26, fl. April 1944, t a t a m i ) ; Sogeri region, 900 m (Forbes 861, fl. April 1886); Milne Bay area, Dawa Dawa R., forest, 50 m (NGF 1315, yala yala and emisapu). S p e c i m e n i n q u i r e n d u m S H O R E A S P E C . SPECIMEN EXAMINED.—NEW GUINEA. W e s t e r n p a r t : Hollandia, "Pionier- bivouac" in the Mamberamo R. basin, along rivulet in primary forest on dry level land on stony soil, 30m (bb.31092, marao; tree 25m high). — Leaves only. — Fig. 19. Leaves l a r g e , u p t o 28.0 c m l o n g a n d 10.0 c m w i d e , c o r d a t e a t t h e b a s e , w i t h a b o u t 2 5 p a i r s o f m a i n n e r v e s ; petioles 1 . 5 c m l o n g . V A T I C A L . F o r d i s t r i b u t i o n m a p s , see f i g u r e s 2 1 a n d 2 2 2 3 . V A T I C A P A P U A N A D y e r Vatioa papuana Dyer (1878); Van Slooten in Bull. Jard. bot. Buitenz. I l l 9: 112-114. 1927; in Bull. bot. Gdns Buitenz. I l l 17: 233-237 fig. 27. 1942. — Adde: Van Slooten apud Holthuis & Lam in Elumea 5: 214. 1942. The proof that V. papuana does indeed occur in Borneo could be given in my second cited publication by two collections only, viz. by Ramos 1903 from the surroundings of Sandakan in British North Borneo, and by bb.17215 from the Beraii District of Indonesian North Borneo. In R E I N W A RD T I A [VOL. 2 1950, however, Mr. H. G. Keith, Conservator of Forests, Sandakan, kindly sent to Bogor for study some collections of Dipterocarpaceae in which V. papuana was represented by a number of specimens. On the other hand this Vatica species remains as yet unknown from Celebes, but is moreover the most eastwards extending Dipterocarpacea known up to now (see the map of distribution, fig. 21). F I G . 21. Distribution of Vatica papuana Dyer. In British North Borneo the wood has been suggested as a good material for the manufacturing of bobbins and shuttles on account of its fine texture and hardness. Brass calls V. papuana a very common canopy tree for Papua, clear boled or slightly spurred at the base , attaining a large size on flood-plains and being fairly common on riverbanks and in fringing rain-forest. SPECIMENS EXAMINED additional to those cited by Van Slooten ((.&, 1942) : BORNEO. B r i t i s h N o r t h B o r n e o : Sandakan (Damit 3848); Elopura Distr. (Kahili For. Res.: S.H.-A.S9, resak batu; Sepilok For. Res.: S.H.-A.523, -A.S69, and -A.2523, and -A.S502, resak bunga; Sapagaya E . : S.H.-A3261, resak bunga). MOLUCCAS. M o r o t a i : Hutan Tjao (Kostermans 782; r a r e ) ; Sg. Sambiki (Kostennans 892; very common) ; Totodoku {bb.33907, hiru, and bb.33765). — M i s o o I: Fakal (Pleyte Ills). — A r u I s . : P. Trangan, Ngaibor, savannah in hilly country, a few metres above sea level (Buwalda 5340, fr. June 1938, ul); P. Kobroor, Dosina- 1952] VAN SLOOTEN: Sertulum Dipterocarpacearum—V malau, in primary forest, a few metres above sea level (Buwalda 5097, fr. May 1938, ulai). NEW GUINEA. W e s t e r n p a r t : "Vogelkop": Momi near Manokwari (66. 33454 and 33559, keska); Bomberai Peninsula, Agonda near Babo (bb.32975 [= Lund- quist 256], a r a w e ; Aet 726 [Exp. Lundquist]). Japen I.: Kamioraro near Seroei (Aet & Idjan 660 [Exp. Van Z J p ] ) , — E a s t e r n p a r t : without locality (Ewart s.n.); Oriomo R., Wuroi (Brass 5884); Fly R., 528 mile Camp (Brass 6826) ; Palmer R., 2 miles below junc- tion Black R. (Brass 7367); Lower Fly R., east bank opp. Sturt I. (Brass 8009) ; Milne Bay area, about 6 miles up to Dawa Dawa R. (NGF 1316 and 1332, laguna and mutani). 24. VATICA CELEBENSIS Brandis Vatica celebensis Brandis in J. Linn. Soc, Bot. 8 1 : 126. 1895; Van Slooten in Bull. bot. Gdns Buitenz. I l l 17: 254. 1942. Vatica cehbica Van Slooten in Bull. bot. Gdns Buitenz. I l l 17: 237 fig. 28, £9. 1942. TYPE.—Beccari s.n. (Herb. Beccari 1529C). — Illustrative specimen: Cel./ 111-12, type of V. celebica Van Slooten. When describing V. flavovirens Van Slooten (in Bull. bot. Gdns Buitenz. Ill 17: 252. 1942) I devoted some remarks to V. celebensis—at that time unknown F i e . 22. Distribution of the species of Vatica in Celebes. The numbers and species correspond as follows: V. celebemis Brandis 2 and 5 V. flavovirens Van Slooten 2 and 4 Vatica 'spec, nov, (Pella 62) 4 Vatica spec. (bb. 32438) 1 Vatiea spec. (bb. 1860, etc.) 2 Vatica spec. (bb. 30172) 3 Vatica, spec. (bb. 14540) 6 Of this genus only V. papuana Dyer (q.v.) is known to occur in the Moluccas and New Guinea. It may be assumed that future exploration will reveal a more profuse occurence to m e . T h e l a t t e r s p e c i e s w a s c o l l e c t e d in a district close to one of the regions where V. flavovirens is known to occur. The description is rather fragmentary and no characters are mentioned which would render the species clearly recognizable. There remained a possibility that the two might prove to be conspecific, although Brandis did not allude to the striking colour of the dried leaves, one of the most notable characters of V. flavovirens and one that can hardly be overlooked. When the type of Brandis' species, preserved at Florence, was put at my disposal, it became at once clear that there is no question of iden- tity: the fruits—not seen by Brandis according to his annotation, "Fruit unknown"—prove that it represents a species belonging to subgenus Isauxis (Arn.) Brandis and not to subgenus Synaptea (Griff.) Brandis, to which V. flavovirens belongs. p of this genus also in the case of Vatica in eastern Malaysia than is known for the present. R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 2 agrees fully with the species I described and depicted as V. celebica and which is known from the Malili District north of the Kendari District where V. celebensis was collected. The latter name has priority; the most ample description of Brandis' species will be found under the name of V. celebica. SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—CELEBES. S o u t h - e a s t e r n p e n i n s u l a : Malili District [cf. V. celebica Van Slooten, op.cii. p. 239; usually (rather) common locally and occuring up to 400m above sea level]; Kendari District: Lepolepo (Beccari 3tv.; in Herb. Beccari nos. 1529, 1529C, 1530, 1530A; fl. and fr. July 1874). 25. VATICA FLAVOVIRENS Van Slooten Vatica flavovirens Van Slooten in Bull. hot. Gdns Buitenz. Ill 17: 252 fig. 36. 1942. Of this Celebesian species, too, a complete treatment was given in the "Bulletin" cited above. Since 1942 no additional data or material have been received. Known from the eastern peninsula of South Celebes, where it was collected in the north in the Malili District, and in the south-east near Kendari. It usually occurs on slopes up to 400 m above the sea, and it is (rather) common locally. 26. VATICA ?SPEC. NOV. SPECIMEN E X A M I N E D . — C E L E B E S . S o u t h - e a s t e r n p e n i n s u l a : S t a r i n g B a y , n e a r t h e coast on limestone hills steeply r i s i n g up from t h e sea (Pella 62, l o n g o r i ) . This specimen, obviously originating from the same habitat as Hopea gregaria, in all probability represents a new species, for instance, in view of its leaves and the dense yellowish brown tomentum of its inflorescences. In examining the collection I was fortunate in finding one perfect flower which has enabled me to ascertain without doubt that the specimen is a true Vatica. However, all other flowers seem to be mis-shapen, being developed into thick fleshy sepals and petals, closely pressed together, the margins induplicate and densely tomentose on both sides. I did not dissect the sole flower and as the subgenus can not be fixed, owing to the absence of mature fruits an adequate description has to be postponed. S p e c i m i n a i n q u i r e n d a VATICA SPEC. SPECIMEN EXAMINED.—CELEBES. M a n a d o : Pulias in Toli district, along bank of rivulet on hilly, stony ground, 40 m (bb.32438, arsad; very common, a few trees growing together; tree of 25 m). — Leaves only. 1952]" VAN SLOOTEN: Sertulum Diptevocarpacearum—V A Vatiea, conspicuous by its narrow lanceolate leaves. — It is said to be easily recognizable by its stems which are ash-coloured. VATICA SPEC. SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—CELEBES. S o u t h - e a s t e r n p e n i n s u l a : Malili District, La Rona, 300—1000m (bb.1860, kareto b a t u ; bb.1888, palopo; bb1904, san- grok; bb.1913, tallu lolona; bb.1820, talongan). — Leaves only. About this material nothing definite can be said. It was collected in 1923 and new collections have not been received. Data other than those cited above are not available. VATICA SPEC. S P E C I M E N E X A M I N E D . — C E L E B E S . C e n t r a l C e l e b e s : B a y o f K o l o n e d a l e (bb. 3 0 1 7 1 2 . , p o o t i ) . — L e a v e s o n l y A fragmentary collection showing some similarity to the leaves of Vatica papuana Dyer. However, one has to be careful in view of the fact that the latter species (q.v.) is not known from Celebes up to now. VATICA SPEC. SPECIMEN EXAMINED.—CELEBES. M a n a d o : Lumpias, in primary forest on steep ground, 200m (bb.14540, fl. Nov. 1930; tree 3 2 m high, flowers whitish yellow). Flowering specimens of Vatica when not recognizable by the shape of the leaves are mostly indeterminable on account of the uniformity of the flowers. The collection bb.14540 possibly represents a new species but owing to the fact that even the subgenus can not be fixed, it seems desirable to await further collections before describing a new species. INDEX The names of the speeies fully treated are printed either spaced or, in case of new species or new combinations, in bold face type. Synonyms are in italics. Pages on which analytical drawings occur are marked with an asterisk. Afzelia byuga 13. Agathis 45; alba 54. Albizzia minahassae 4G. Anisoptera 2,4, 8—15,37; aurea 14; c o s - t a t a 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8—11, 49; grandi- _ flora 10, 1 1 ; marginata, 10, 14; mindanensis 10; parvi folia 15, 37; p o l y a n d r a 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11—13, 14, 35; thurifera 6; ?spec. nov. (Koster- mans 1337) 3, 13; spec. (Beceari s.n.) 3, 14; spec. bb. 22351) 3, 14; ?spec. (bb. 31344) 3, 14—15. Aporosa? minahassae 49. Bruinsmia 10. Dmnara alba 54; selanica 50, 53, 54, 56. Dipteroearpus gracilis 9; grandiflorus 9; hasseltii 9; parallelus 11, tampurau 11. Dryobalanops hallii 11. Engelhardtia selanica 50, 56. R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 2 Hopca 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 15—41,63; e e l e b i c a 3, 15—18, 17", 8, 20, 21, 23, 24, 26, 33, 38, 39; eelebica sensu Diels 3, 7, IS, 39; dolosa 3, 4, 7, 18—21, 19", 24, 26; g 1 a- b r i f o l i a 3, 7, 35—37, 36*,, 39, 41, 63; gregaria 3, 4, 6, 18, 21—23, 22", 24, 26; iriana 3, 28—30, 29*, 38; nabirensis 3, 27—28*, 35; nodosa 3, 25*—27; n o v o g u i n e e n s i s 3 , 24, 31—33, 34, 39, 4 1 ; p a p u a n a 3, 7, 32, 33* —35, 38, 39 40; papuana sensu White & Francis 3, 39—40; parvifolia 3, 15, 37—38; philippinensis 24, 32, 38; sela- nica 50; similis 3, 24, 30—31, 39, 4 1 ; ?spec. nov. (bb. 24903) 3, 24; ?spec. nov. (bb. 25259, 25320) 3, 24; spec, (bb. 30359) 3, 7, 38; spec. (bb. 32698) 4 1 ; spec. nov. Dyer (Beccari s.n.) 3, 3 8 ; spec. (Lane-Poole 113) 7, 39, 40; ?spee. nov. (NGP 1251) 3, 35*; spec. (NGP 1307) 3, 4 1 ; 'spec. (Kostermans 828; NGF 1333) 3, 41. Hoppea 50. Shorea 2, 4, 5, 42—63; sect. Anthoshorea 49; sect. ,,Eushorea" 57, 60; assamica 48, 49; assamica f. assamica 48; assa- mica f. globifera 48; assamica f. koor- dersii 42, 48; assamica f. philippinen- sis 48; balangeran 59; balangeran var. binnendijkii 57, 60; collina 60; f o r - b e s i i 3, 5, 7, 61—63, 62*; glauca 60; globifera 49; javanica 49; k o o r d e r - s i i 3 , 4, 5, 7, 42—50, 4 3 ' , 49, 50, 53; lamellata 49; montigena 3, 4, 7, 53, 57—60, 58*; negrosensis 60; ovalis 60; philippinensis 48; retinodes 49; s e - 1 a n i c a, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 47, 50—57, 51*, 60, 6 1 ; selanica var. latifolia 50, sela- nica var. obtysa 50; sororia 49; vires- cens 49; ?spec. nov. (bb. 22567) 3, 7, 6 1 ; ?spec. nov. (bb. 22808, bb. 31349) 3, 6, 53, 60; spec. (bb. 31092) 3, 63 ?spec. (Kostermans 828, N G F . 1SS3) 3, 41. Styrax 10. Unona? selanica 50. Vatica 2, 4, 5, 63—67; subgen. Isauxis 65; subgen. Synaptea 65; c e l e b e n - s i s 3, 65—66; eelebica 65; eelebica Kds. (non V. SI.) 42; f l a v o v i r e n s 3, 65, 66; p a p u a n a 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 36, 45, 47, 63—65, 67; ?spec. nov. (Pella 62) 3, 66; spec. (bb. 1860, enz.) 3, 7, 67; spec. (bb. 14540) 3, 67; spec, (bb. 30172) 3, 67; spec. j b b . 32438) 3, 66—67.